{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/zp3vt1hj4q/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Deffenbaugh, Ralston H., Will Refugees Have a Place in the New World Order"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204040 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Will Refugees Have a Place in the New World Order is a November 4, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Ralston H. Deffenbaugh. Ralston H. Deffenbaugh discusses the increasing flow of refugees.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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phase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=7.48,10.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I begin my introduction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=10.78,12.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to make an announcement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=12.48,15.411"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would want to announce that today at 8:00 PM","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=15.411,17.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Sunroom, Memorial Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=17.37,19.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's going to be another lecture by Mr. Ben","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=19.44,22.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the prospects for peace, democracy and social justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=22.21,25.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our guest speaker today is the Director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=26.06,28.851"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=28.851,32.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has been the Director of the office","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=32.21,33.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Lutheran Immigration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=33.85,36.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lutheran Growth Federation at the United Nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=36.11,38.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also he has been...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=38.64,39.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has to read out several special assignments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=39.607,42.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Brazil and on the West Bank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=42.43,44.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he has also observed some political trials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=44.34,46.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in El Salvador, Liberia and South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=46.65,49.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ladies and gentlemen, Ralston Deffenbaugh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=50.509,53.708"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd 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here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=61.85,62.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to be able to visit Ames, Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=62.91,65.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ames is a place that I've heard about for many years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=65.67,68.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I went to the University of Colorado for undergraduate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=68.13,71.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I thought of Ames as the place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=71.13,72.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the buffaloes came every other year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=72.57,74.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and would usually beat the cyclones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=74.42,76.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)But forgive me that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=76.81,79.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's nice to be here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=79.8,81.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nice to have a chance to participate in the Institute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=81.17,85.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on World Affairs and to raise up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=85.13,87.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the issues around refugees, uprooted people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=87.08,91.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The topic today is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=92.25,93.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will refugees have a place in the New World Order?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=93.623,97.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I was preparing my remarks today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=97.76,99.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talking to a number of people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=99.72,101.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the question I kept getting is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=101.18,102.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, will there be refugees in the New World Order?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=102.81,106.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want this New World 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anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=111.24,113.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that may or may not be the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=113.46,115.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've had a tremendous situation in the world of 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Ethiopia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=340.527,344.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Sudan and Somalia are either refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=344.637,348.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or displaced 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concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=354.5,358.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to add to this recipe, we have the rising tide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=358.04,360.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of xenophobia in Europe with Skin, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=360.74,364.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nazi skinheads in Germany, attacking hostels where refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=364.73,368.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or asylum seekers are being housed with people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=368.543,372.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as distinguished as the former President of France,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=372.55,375.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valery Giscard d'Estaing, talking about a foreign invasion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=375.92,379.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"powerful words in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=381.02,382.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the last foreign invasion was that of the Nazis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=382.53,385.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And where the mayor of Paris, Jacques Chirac","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=385.96,388.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speaks against North Africans in France","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=389.55,391.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complaining about their odors or the noise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=391.82,394.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they cause in previously French neighborhoods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=394.12,397.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is all very disturbing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=397.9,399.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So who are the refugees?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=400.92,402.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, under the international definition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=403.99,405.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that 40 years ago of the UN Convention on Refugees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=405.95,410.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a refugee is a person who is outside his or her own country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=411.83,416.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who is unwilling or unable to return to the home 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nationality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=428.38,432.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"membership in a particular social group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=432.15,434.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or political opinion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=434.99,436.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to these internationally defined refugees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=440.572,443.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are also the internally displaced people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=443.27,446.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who bear all the same characteristics as refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=446.22,449.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except they've just not cross that magic line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=449.47,452.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an international frontier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=452.03,453.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so are not within strictly speaking the 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persons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=461.306,465.136"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are internally displaced in addition to the 17","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=465.136,468.091"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or so million who are refugees as internationally defined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=468.091,471.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then of course, on top of these people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=473.397,475.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have also the migrants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=475.23,477.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who choose to leave their country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=477.95,480.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to seek a better life in another part of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=480.77,484.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those of us who are Americans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=484.47,486.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can certainly relate to that experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=486.38,488.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So migrants or refugees, because in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=488.63,491.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"virtually everyone in America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=491.95,493.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is someone who's come from somewhere else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=493.51,495.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where are the refugees today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=497.21,498.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, all of the 17 million or so refugees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=499.84,502.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"6 million are Afghans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=502.256,505.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have sought refuge in Pakistan or in Iran.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=505.57,509.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another five and a half million refugees are in Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=511.15,515.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are a large group or Mozambicans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=515.23,518.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one and a half million Mozambicans, also Liberians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=518.62,522.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then many of the Somalis, Ethiopians, Sudanese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=522.6,525.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth in the horn of Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=525.81,528.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are about 3 million refugees in the Middle East,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=529.76,532.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainly Palestinians, two and a half million Palestinians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=532.47,536.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But also Iraqis and Iranians and others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=536.12,539.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In America here in this country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=540.52,542.986"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have probably about a million refugees, not that visible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=542.986,546.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't have refugee camps in America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=546.63,549.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we have lots of people who come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=549.097,550.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially from Central America and from 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Italy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1348.14,1350.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, against the advice and against the pleas of the UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1350.613,1355.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Italian scenario deported thousands of Albanians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1356.0,1359.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had crossed the Tyrrhenian sea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1359.73,1361.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sought refuge in Italy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1361.5,1363.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deported them before they had a chance to present a claim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1363.25,1366.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for asylum or to be heard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1366.61,1368.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's tough sometimes not to bite the hand that feeds you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1370.15,1373.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet that's the situation the UN finds 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flee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1416.62,1418.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hopefully you should be able to make a new life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1418.36,1420.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that country if 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countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1445.06,1446.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a country like France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1446.65,1448.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Repatriation is the 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Cambodia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1470.14,1472.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back to a situation where the Camaro ruse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1472.89,1475.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might still have great 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some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1527.36,1530.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these crises for the UN","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1530.65,1532.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the place of refugees 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elsewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1708.58,1710.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But recently the Hong Kong and British Authorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1711.91,1714.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have signed an agreement with the 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people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1721.68,1724.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming to Hong Kong has finally slowed down quite a bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1724.18,1727.155"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the big question now will be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1727.155,1729.236"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what will happen to those Vietnamese in Hong Kong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1729.236,1733.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who refuse to go back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1733.45,1734.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What level of force would be needed to do a repatriation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1734.78,1738.146"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And will they be safe if they go back to 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May","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1744.04,1746.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with UN High Commissioner for Refugees people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1746.38,1749.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to look at the situation of returnees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1749.71,1752.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had gone back to Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1752.5,1755.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our delegation after interviewing many returnees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1755.22,1758.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talking with foreign journalists and diplomats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1758.32,1761.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and non-governmental organization representatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1761.64,1764.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth, could find no case of a returnee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1764.41,1768.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had been discriminated against or harassed upon return.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1768.19,1771.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was our conclusion that the Vietnamese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1771.85,1774.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case are playing it straight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1774.18,1776.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And allowing the returnees to come back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1776.36,1778.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in safety and dignity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1778.38,1779.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for us then, the question goes back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1781.14,1783.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to how clean is the screening process?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1783.96,1786.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is the screening process such that refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1786.77,1789.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be screened in?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1789.62,1791.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so that those who have a well-founded fear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1791.57,1794.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of persecution will not be returned to Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1794.65,1798.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there still are some things left to be desired","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1798.45,1801.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the screening procedures, especially in Hong Kong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1801.01,1803.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another big situation there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1805.22,1806.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that of the unaccompanied refugee minors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1806.59,1809.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are now in Hong Kong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1809.66,1810.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 3000 kids who are without parents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1810.96,1814.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are being held in these refugee detention centers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1814.92,1817.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some for as long as three years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1817.86,1819.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I, as a parent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1821.98,1823.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others who are parents will understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1823.04,1825.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how precious each year of childhood is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1825.79,1829.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to think of these precious years of childhood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1829.06,1831.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being wasted in a detention center is quite wrenching.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1831.7,1835.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the UN has not been able to get their act together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1835.27,1837.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to process these children quickly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1837.47,1839.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to decide what is in the best interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1839.74,1841.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these children, what should be resettled?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1841.9,1844.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which should be returned to Vietnam?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1844.17,1846.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's a real challenge for the UN to try to speed up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1848.0,1851.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that processing of the unaccompanied children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1851.38,1854.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Turning to Europe now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1855.83,1857.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the European community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1858.24,1860.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the all the moves for more common practices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1860.78,1865.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and turn down borders in Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1865.21,1868.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think most people in the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1868.26,1870.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are quite happy to see this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1870.04,1871.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these peaceful developments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1871.62,1872.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how the honorable Member of Parliament","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1872.83,1875.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will think about the development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1875.89,1878.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so let us know this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1878.53,1879.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is kind of exciting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=1881.147,1884.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think of a Europe without 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war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2151.57,2153.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or they are former reeducation camp prisoners.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2153.99,2157.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reeducation camp is the euphemism for the political 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countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2169.75,2173.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all of those people will have had a chance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2173.11,2175.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be resettled by the middle of the 1990s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2175.39,2178.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What will be the future then of the US refugee program?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2178.69,2182.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we just continue to open our 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Canada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2193.68,2195.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or will we as a country continue to let in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2197.09,2200.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The numbers that we're letting in now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2200.22,2202.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"numbers which I contend are much more in proportion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2202.08,2206.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to our size as a country and to our wealth as a 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Haitians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2226.16,2228.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a tremendously bitter paradox in US policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2230.29,2235.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we compare how we deal with 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guard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2247.43,2250.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In each case, these were small rickety fishing boats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2250.54,2255.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"full as can be of Haitians trying to leave Haiti.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2255.217,2259.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in each case, these boats came upon a raft","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2259.63,2263.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had two or three Cubans on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2263.84,2266.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the raft was sinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2266.93,2268.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Haitians saved the Cubans and took them on board.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2268.17,2271.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then they were intercepted by the us coast guard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2271.49,2273.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what happened, the Cubans were received","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2273.777,2276.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the United States and given sanctuary in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2276.68,2280.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Haitians were intercepted and deported back to Haiti.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2280.61,2283.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Back to a country which...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2284.67,2286.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which we have just imposed an economic embargo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2286.28,2290.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we have protested against the military coup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2290.02,2292.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which took place a few weeks ago there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2292.27,2294.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And where we have said the present government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2294.83,2298.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should not be in power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2298.0,2299.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet we're still deporting people to Haiti.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2300.81,2303.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that, that's a reflection of some of the racism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2303.78,2307.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States as well, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2307.58,2310.044"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the power of the Cuban lobby.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2310.044,2311.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But still it's a paradox","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2311.44,2312.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I don't think should continue in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2312.81,2315.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some conclusions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2318.4,2319.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, there will be refugees in the New World Order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2320.75,2324.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The refugees will still be among us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2324.25,2327.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have the examples of situations producing refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2327.34,2332.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this moment from Liberia, from Iraq, from Yugoslavia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2332.674,2337.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the Horn of Africa and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2337.41,2339.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another conclusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2342.64,2343.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Human rights vigilance is vital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2343.473,2345.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, for example, the world had protested in 1988","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2347.15,2350.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the Iraqis had gassed many of the Kurdish towns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2350.75,2355.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Northern part of Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2355.0,2356.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the world had responded vigorously at that point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2357.73,2360.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe there wouldn't have been the persecution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2360.96,2364.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Kurds and the Shias that we saw in 1991.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2364.41,2367.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe even there might not have been the invasion of Kuwait","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2367.68,2370.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who knows?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2370.48,2371.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also in Liberia, there were very strong early warnings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2372.63,2376.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the chaos, which developed there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2376.33,2379.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet the world did not respond to his credit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2379.02,2381.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The former High Commissioner for refugees, Mr. Stoltenberg","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2381.94,2384.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"did raise those alarms, but no one took it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2384.61,2388.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberia was sort of off the radar screen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2388.41,2390.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of an area of international interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2390.7,2393.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the result was that now a million and a half","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2393.94,2397.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberians have had to flee their homes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2397.16,2399.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tens of thousands died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2399.72,2401.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another conclusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2403.47,2404.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's important and I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2404.48,2405.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we promote the international human responsibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2405.47,2409.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for humanitarian interests as part of the New World Order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2409.53,2414.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A New World Order won't be worth its salt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2414.91,2417.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Won't be worth some...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2417.94,2418.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It won't be something worth defending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2418.82,2420.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless it promotes humanitarian wellbeing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2420.52,2423.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would call I think in the interest of humanity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2424.76,2427.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a continued erosion of sovereignty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2427.79,2431.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are all our brothers keepers, our sister's keepers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2431.16,2435.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We should all be interested in how people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2435.54,2437.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being treated no matter what country they're in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2437.27,2440.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the world should be able to respond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2440.33,2442.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those violations of human rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2442.07,2443.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if it means any erosion of sovereignty of the nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2443.73,2447.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where those rights violations are taking place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2447.7,2450.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This means for example, that the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2451.78,2453.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think should be able to respond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2453.71,2455.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the internally displaced in Southern Sudan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2455.94,2459.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where in the civil war, there are tens of thousands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2459.59,2463.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundreds of thousands of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2463.45,2465.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who've had to flee their homes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2465.02,2466.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are in areas not under government control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2466.79,2469.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet the government is blocking relief supplies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2469.83,2472.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to many of those 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national","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2491.644,2493.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the human rights watch organizations have raised up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2493.11,2498.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"situations, which otherwise the the governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2499.18,2501.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would not have raised up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2501.64,2503.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And have directed world attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2503.09,2505.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to improving the lot of people in desperate situations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2505.25,2508.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same is true in the refugee situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2508.89,2511.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"NGOs are very much involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2513.1,2514.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the implementation of refugee programs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2514.98,2517.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"providing assistance for refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2517.59,2519.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As in our case, providing for the resettlement of refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2519.77,2523.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it would be good for the refugee regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2523.73,2525.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the nongovernmental 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monitoring,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2531.39,2533.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as when it comes to implementation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2533.12,2535.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We need to strengthen the UNHCR the international committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2536.65,2539.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the red cross and the other international organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2539.79,2542.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which deal with refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2542.68,2545.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were facing in 1990","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2545.08,2546.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a time of potentially massive expenditure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2546.54,2549.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As hopefully people can return in peace to their countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2549.81,2553.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cambodians, people from the Western Sahara, South Africans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2553.85,2558.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more central Americans going back home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2558.71,2561.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hopefully if there's a settlement, the Afghans going back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2561.41,2564.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2564.72,2565.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The US support is particularly necessary here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2567.169,2569.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As the US is the strong, is the largest donor to UNHCR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2569.68,2573.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm very pleased that because of the advocacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2573.85,2576.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2576.24,2577.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as others like the US committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2577.33,2578.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for refugees and in the US Catholic Conference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2578.99,2582.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Congress raised the amount of US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2582.57,2585.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the appropriation for us overseas assistance to refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2585.74,2589.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by $140 million more than the administration had asked for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2589.55,2594.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this I think is a good step forward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2594.04,2596.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but one that needs to be sustained.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2596.61,2598.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I think the Northern countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2600.02,2601.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Western Europe, North America, we should try to refrain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2601.71,2606.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from erecting new Berlin Walls around ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2606.34,2610.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We should try to keep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2610.0,2611.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out people who might be asylum seekers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2611.15,2614.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but should continue to try to have an open door","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2614.41,2616.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those who are fleeing persecution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2616.45,2619.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So friends, I hope that my speech","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2621.9,2625.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as you do your other reading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2625.73,2627.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it will provoke you to be more interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2627.37,2630.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the plight of refugees to recognize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2630.53,2632.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the refugees are still with us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2632.71,2635.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also hopefully to make a place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2635.4,2637.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for refugees in this world, that we live in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2637.42,2640.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two brief examples of what it can mean to make a place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2642.84,2645.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for refugees village in Southern Hungary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2645.78,2648.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where Croatians who are fleeing the fighting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2649.39,2652.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are not able to go to the central part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2652.49,2654.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Croatia because Serbian soldiers blocked the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2654.9,2658.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they fled into Hungary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2658.43,2660.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There aren't refugee camps in Hungary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2660.53,2662.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where are these people staying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2662.1,2663.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've been taken in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2663.97,2665.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the homes and villages of Hungarian people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2665.22,2668.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People have an extra bedroom have taken in people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2668.66,2670.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who have a Florida sleep on have taken in people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2670.93,2674.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I looked to Malawi","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2676.84,2678.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a small country in Central Africa, 9 million people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2678.78,2682.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Malawi has taken in 900,000 Mozambican refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2682.85,2687.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you imagine that in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2687.56,2689.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would mean us taking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2689.19,2690.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 25 million refugees into this country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2690.2,2694.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would we have the generosity to do that as a people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2694.2,2697.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is the U S wealthy enough to do what Malawi","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2697.23,2700.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the least developed countries has done?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2700.56,2703.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if we're not called to take refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2704.75,2706.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into our own homes, at least we can help welcome refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2706.72,2711.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through our congregations, through our communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2711.01,2714.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through financial contributions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2714.73,2717.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and through our political support,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2717.58,2719.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the refugees will be with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2720.43,2722.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's our task, I think, to ensure that they're welcomed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2722.6,2725.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that they're welcomed and safety and dignity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2726.33,2729.551"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2729.551,2730.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2730.525,2733.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how the schedule is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2743.663,2744.496"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd be happy to try to answer questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2744.496,2746.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or receive any reactions that you have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2746.49,2749.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2750.134,2750.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm curious of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2750.967,2752.371"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if your organization or any elements within it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2752.371,2757.371"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have used Mozambique in refugees or in activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2761.74,2766.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to you wonder against the African national Congress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2769.999,2772.096"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2772.096,2774.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Ralston:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, there are units","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2774.43,2775.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the South African Army that are made up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2775.44,2777.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of non South Africans, particularly and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=2777.78,2780.69"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30853/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/853/original/AV204040_Will_Refugees_Have_a_Place_in_the_New_World_Order_a.vtt?1626718038","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/853/original/AV204040_Will_Refugees_Have_a_Place_in_the_New_World_Order_a.vtt?1626718038"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30854","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204040_Will_Refugees_Have_a_Place_in_the_New_World_Order_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743/transcript/30854/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Man] Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to this tutorial phase Before I begin my introduction, I want to make an announcement. I would want to announce that today at 8:00 PM in the Sunroom, Memorial Union, there's going to be another lecture by Mr. Ben about the prospects for peace, democracy and social justice. And our guest speaker today is the Director of the Lutheran Immigration and Refugee Service. He has been the Director of the office of the Lutheran Immigration, Lutheran Growth Federation at the United Nations. And also he has been... He has to read out several special assignments in Brazil and on the West Bank. And he has also observed some political trials in El Salvador, Liberia and South Africa. Ladies and gentlemen, Ralston Deffenbaugh.\r\n\r\n- [Ralston] Thank you very much. It's a pleasure to be here and to be able to visit Ames, Iowa. Ames is a place that I've heard about for many years. I went to the University of Colorado for undergraduate. And I thought of Ames as the place where the buffaloes came every other year and would usually beat the cyclones. But forgive me that. But it's nice to be here and nice to have a chance to participate in the Institute on World Affairs and to raise up some of the issues around refugees, uprooted people. The topic today is will refugees have a place in the New World Order? And as I was preparing my remarks today and talking to a number of people, the question I kept getting is, well, will there be refugees in the New World Order? I want this New World Order of democracy and peace and human rights and so forth. And there won't be any refugees anymore. Well, that may or may not be the case. We've had a tremendous situation in the world of course, in the last few years with the rise of a leader in the Soviet Union like Gorbachev who's decided to try to resolve disputes in a peaceful way rather than by use of the Red Army or the use of force. The resultant changes in Eastern Europe, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the unification of Germany the independence of the Baltic States. Things which five years ago, no one would have predicted or thought would have happened. For years and years and years now, are already history. we've seen a wave of democracy and democratic feeling around the world reaching even into Africa. And over the last few days, we've seen the elections in Zambia where a leader like Kenneth Kaunda a head of a one-party state finally was forced by popular pressure in a peaceful way to submit himself to elections and was defeated in a free and fair election, after 27 years at the top in Zambia. We've seen these waves reach even into South Africa with the release of Nelson Mandela, the of the African national Congress and other opposition groups and the very halting and dangerous and yet seemingly inevitable progress eventually to a democratic rule in that country. Also, we have the United Nations with a much greater role than before. The UN has recently observed elections, free and fair elections in Namibia, in Nicaragua, in Haiti. We've seen the world response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with the United Nations, with the leadership of the security council responding and a few years ago would have been an unimaginable degree of unity and common purpose. Of course, with the leadership of the United States in trying to overturn this aggression. And also besides the Gulf situation, we have other examples of the UN Security Council operating in concert, the five big powers working together in a way which of course was impossible before Gorbachev. And this, all of this sort of mixture of democratic movement of new respect for human rights of international concerted action is I guess what we're calling the New World Order. And this should all be great for refugees, shouldn't it? Well, maybe not. At the beginning of 1990, the UN reckoned that there were about 15 million refugees in the world. But at the beginning of 1991, they reckoned there were about 16 million refugees in the world. And by the middle of 1991, 18 million refugees in the world. Now at this time in November, it's fallen back to about 17 million. But still during this time of New World Order, we've seen a rise of at least 10 and maybe 20% the number of refugees in the world. In just a few short years. Now, this has been mainly due to the disruptions in the Gulf with the people fleeing from Iraq and Kuwait and others who've had to leave because of the Gulf wWar. Also it's due to the chaos in Liberia with this crazy civil war that's going on in that country and resulted in half the population of Liberia being either refugees or displaced within their own country. And with other internal disputes, the horn of Africa the famine there, the ongoing civil Wars in Somalia and the Sudan, 40% of the populations of Ethiopia, the Sudan and Somalia are either refugees or displaced persons. So the New World Order has not been all a time of sweetness and light, at least as far as refugees are concerned. And to add to this recipe, we have the rising tide of xenophobia in Europe with Skin, you know Nazi skinheads in Germany, attacking hostels where refugees or asylum seekers are being housed with people as distinguished as the former President of France, Valery Giscard d'Estaing, talking about a foreign invasion, powerful words in the country where the last foreign invasion was that of the Nazis. And where the mayor of Paris, Jacques Chirac speaks against North Africans in France complaining about their odors or the noise that they cause in previously French neighborhoods. This is all very disturbing. So who are the refugees? Well, under the international definition that 40 years ago of the UN Convention on Refugees, a refugee is a person who is outside his or her own country and who is unwilling or unable to return to the home country because of a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion. In addition to these internationally defined refugees, there are also the internally displaced people who bear all the same characteristics as refugees except they've just not cross that magic line of an international frontier. And so are not within strictly speaking the mandate of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. And we recommend that there are at least 20 million persons who are internally displaced in addition to the 17 or so million who are refugees as internationally defined. And then of course, on top of these people, we have also the migrants, those who choose to leave their country and try to seek a better life in another part of the world. And those of us who are Americans can certainly relate to that experience. So migrants or refugees, because in fact, virtually everyone in America, is someone who's come from somewhere else. Where are the refugees today? Well, all of the 17 million or so refugees, 6 million are Afghans, who have sought refuge in Pakistan or in Iran. Another five and a half million refugees are in Africa. And these are a large group or Mozambicans, one and a half million Mozambicans, also Liberians. And then many of the Somalis, Ethiopians, Sudanese and so forth in the horn of Africa. There are about 3 million refugees in the Middle East, mainly Palestinians, two and a half million Palestinians. But also Iraqis and Iranians and others. In America here in this country, we have probably about a million refugees, not that visible. We don't have refugee camps in America but we have lots of people who come especially from Central America and from Haiti trying to seek refuge in this country from the persecution which they fear in their home countries. Then in East Asia, there are now about a half million refugees mainly Cambodians and Vietnamese. And in Europe perhaps about a half million or so depending on how migrants or asylum seekers are counted, most of those would be in Turkey. This year, 1991 is the 40th anniversary of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The history of the UNHCR is one very much tied in with the Cold War. The founding vision for UNHCR came mainly from the Western countries, Western Europe and North America. And it was in response to people fleeing from the communist dominated governments of Eastern Europe trying to seek refuge in Western Europe and some in North America. For most of the first years of its history, the UNHCR still operated very much within this sort of Cold War Calculus with strong support from the Western countries and no participation from the East Bloc countries. With the independence of so many of the developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America taking place during the sixties and seventies, there began to be more refugees in those parts of the world. And UNHCR began to turn more of its attention to working with displaced people and refugees particularly in Africa, also in Asia. And with that involvement, UNHCR became more and more involved also in development work and in trying to provide the needs for mass movements of refugee people. Some of the major challenges which UNHCR faces today, are prevention of refugee flows responding to refugee emergencies the protection of refugees and finding durable solutions to refugee problems particularly the durable solution of repatriation. Each of these challenges, poses opportunities for a New World Order for humanity, but also presents risks. And I want to talk a bit about those opportunities and those risks. In the field of prevention of refugees. There's a call now, I think a very good call, for more of a concern for human rights monitoring and being aware of the human rights situations in countries from which refugees might come. This is kind of logical. Generally, it tends to be either people who fear persecution are people who are fleeing from human rights violations or who fear being the victims of human rights violations. And most of the countries which have produced large refugee flows have been countries where there have been a dictatorial or brutal governments which haven't treated their people in a dignified way. This attention to human rights also fits very much the personality of the Current High Commissioner for Refugees, Madam Sadako Ogata of Japan, who herself is a former Japanese Representative to the UN Commission for Human Rights. And was also the special rapporteur of the UN on the human rights situation in Burma or Myanmar. Mrs. Ogata is a person who has a big heart and has a real sense of justice and concern for people. And as such has made a very good start as High Commissioner making the linkages between those involved in refugee work and those involved in human rights work. Linkages which surprisingly have not been that strong in the past. Another aspect of the prevention, besides being aware of human rights situations, is the diplomatic intervention to try to take action now and try to intervene with governments that are violating the rights of their people to try to get them to moderate their behavior, to try to correct their behavior, so as not to create situations that will result in refugee flows. And then another area of prevention work is economic development trying to increase and improve the lots of people, especially in developing countries so that they will choose to stay in their countries and not flee outside. But the prevention challenge also presents risks for refugees. We see prevent negative prevention as well as positive prevention. Some of the negative prevention we see are the closed borders that some countries have now. Where they refuse to accept refugees into their country. We see the example of Malaysia, which literally pushes off boats of Vietnamese asylum seekers and doesn't allow them to land on the beaches of Malaysia. And we have other examples of closed borders. Some of them in Europe. We have the airplane checks now, where for example, just a few days ago, a new agreement was signed in Germany, between Germany and some of its European partners to increase the fines imposed against airline companies for bringing people who do not have proper visas or proper entry permits. We see the higher threshold of visa requirements that many nations are imposing now against travelers. And we have also the new concept in some European countries notably Switzerland or so-called safe countries. And what this means is that if anyone is an asylum seeker in Switzerland and comes from a so-called safe country, then that person will clean up faster. Be considered not to have a well-founded fear of persecution, not to have a legitimate claim for asylum. Some of these safe countries are former Eastern European Communist or former Communist Nations in Eastern Europe which probably are safe. Don't present a risk. But some other safe countries are risky. For example India is a designated safe country for Switzerland. And so there's a Sikh who is fleeing or fighting or fleeing government persecution in the plum job, could not receive asylum in Switzerland. The argument being that he can be resettled safely in another part of India, that may or may not be true. And we come to the area of emergency response. It's long been a perceived need in the United Nations system to try to get its act together to better respond to emergencies in the world. Whether it's a political emergency like the Gulf crisis or the Kurds fleeing from Iraq or whether it's a natural disaster, like the floods in Bangladesh or the famine in the horn of Africa. The UN has traditionally not been very good at responding quickly to these emergencies, partly because of the competing baronies of different areas of the UN System and the unclarity as to which UN Agencies should take the lead in responding to an emergency. Now in this general assembly session and with the leadership of people like the new High Commissioner as well as the United States and a few other countries, the UN is trying to designate a central point of coordination to respond better to these emergencies. And we saw finally with the Iraqi example, of the Kurds and Shias fleeing Iraq that there was in the end of very well coordinated and very effective UN response, which resulted in what had been the largest and fastest movement of refugees turning into the largest and fastest return of refugees back to their own country. And that was made possible in part because of the defeat of Iraq in the war, because the US and other powers could flex their muscles and make sure that the Iraqis did not oppose the intervention of humanitarian aid into Iraq. And also because of the military component, which stood behind this humanitarian assistance. Hopefully this type of emergency response could take place in other situations. But for example, it did not occur in Liberia last year where even a small amount of military force, military muscle might've brought the Liberian factions to stop fighting and would have saved tens of thousands of lives. For refugees, we use this type of emergency response might have risks in that, it might mean that refugees would be prevented from leaving a country where they're being persecuted. It might mean that in the interest of preserving some of the sovereignty of the nation where the persecution has taken place that the world community might not respond with as much protection as is needed. And also of course this type of emergency response is tremendously expensive. And at least under the present circumstances, it's unrealistic to expect that the UN could muster the type of financial resources necessary to indeed protect people at risk in every circumstance. Then we come to the area of protection. This is the unique role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The High Commissioner is the person within the world system who has the designated role of providing protection for refugees. And what this protection means is giving refugees a legal identity negotiating with countries of asylum to make sure that refugees are not persecuted, that they're given refuge and also trying to work for a durable solutions for those refugees. It means as defined that the UN should consider each case that each person who presents a claim as a refugee should have a chance to have that claim heard and to have the UN have some oversight over how it is heard. And yet even in the protection regime, we see risks now for refugees. There, again, the limited resources available to the UNHCR and to the UN system, which make it impossible for the UN to effectively monitor every case especially when there's 17 million refugees in the world. We see also the diversion of the attention and interest or the UNHCR. As UNHCR is increasingly drawn into other fields that are outside the protection mandate. For example, UNHCR is now monitoring the return of non refugees to Vietnam. UNHCR is being called in European setting to try to deal with the return of people whose asylum claims are rejected. UN hasn't taken on that role yet but some are calling it to do so. We see also the very important activity of the UN and repatriating people but that also involves then a tremendous diversion of resources that might otherwise be devoted to the protection task. We see also the lack of access the UN has to refugees in certain countries. For example, in Thailand, the UN is allowed to deal with Southeast Asian refugees but it's specifically forbidden by the Thai government from dealing with Burmese refugees who seek refuge in Thailand. And when the UN tries to nevertheless, interview Burmese the Thai get very upset and slapped the risks of the UN and try to kick out UN representatives in Thailand. Also, we see in South Africa now the UN has signed an agreement with the South African government, to provide for the repatriation of South African exiles. While at the same time, the UN is forbidden from dealing with Mozambican refugees who seek refuge in South Africa and who are subject to deportation by the South African authorities. Also, it's difficult sometimes for the UN to exercise its protection function, when it's faced with powerful donor nations. Like the United States, when the UN tries to address how Salvadoran or Guatemalan or Haitian asylum seekers are being dealt with in this country or in the European Community. When the UN tries to influence the ISI countries to have a generous dual open door for refugees as they try to coordinate common immigration policies or recently with Italy. Well, against the advice and against the pleas of the UN, the Italian scenario deported thousands of Albanians who had crossed the Tyrrhenian sea and sought refuge in Italy, deported them before they had a chance to present a claim for asylum or to be heard. It's tough sometimes not to bite the hand that feeds you. And yet that's the situation the UN finds itself in often in refugee protection. Then there's the area of durable solutions. There's a sort of litany within the UNHCR where they speak of the three levels of durable solutions that are the ideal for refugees. The first and best solution is repatriation. If situation in the home country as such that the refugee can go back home. Because after all refugees are people who are fleeing persecution, who've left everything they have and most people want to go back home. Then the second best durable solution is that of integration in the country of first asylum. The country where you first flee hopefully you should be able to make a new life in that country if possible. And the third best solution is that of resettlement in a third country, where for those people who are in danger in the country of asylum or who just aren't fitting in there that there be the opportunity for them to be resettled elsewhere. And traditionally the major countries of resettlement have been the United States, Canada, Australia, some of the Nordic countries and a country like France. Repatriation is the best but in the urge to try to have repatriation, can sometimes undo pressures be put on refugees to go back even into a situation which is not safe. And we see that now as it is contemplated that there being major repatriations of Cambodians back to Cambodia, back to a situation where the Camaro ruse might still have great influence. Hopefully this isn't going to be a repeat of the killing fields in Cambodia, but it might happen. And to what extent can the world community press refugees to return to a place where they still feel endangered? Or we see it perhaps in South Africa where yes, the South African exiles want to go home, but is it just to press them or to pressure them to go home to a situation where blacks still don't have the vote and where the nationalist government, the architects of apartheid are still in power and where, well, yes, there is a hope for a process to free elections and to a non-racial constitution but where they aren't there yet. I want to describe very briefly three countries situations that really present some of these crises for the UN and for the place of refugees today. One is the situation of Vietnam and Hong Kong. Up until 1988 in Hong Kong in 1989 for the other countries in Southeast Asia, any Vietnamese who left Vietnam, any boat person would be granted asylum and would be eligible for resettlement in a third country. But then in the late eighties, the number of boat people coming out of Vietnam increased again dramatically. And it became apparent that most of those leaving Vietnam were not leaving for reasons of political persecution. They were not refugees but were leaving because they were seeking a better life. They thought, well, if they had a chance of being resettled in the US or Australia or Canada, that was better than trying to scrape by in poverty in North Vietnam. And so first the British authorities in Hong Kong and later the other countries in the region said no, we're not going to accept all these people anymore. And there was an international agreement signed called the Comprehensive Plan of Action for Southeast Asian refugees, which set up a regime whereby in each country, they would set up screening procedures. A mechanism to try to determine which of these Vietnamese have a well-founded fear of persecution are refugees and which are not. With the idea that those who are screened in would still be eligible for resettlement. But those who are screened out would have to return to Vietnam. Well, in most of the countries in the region, this regime of the Comprehensive Plan of Action has worked quite well. And the screening processes have gone forward. Most of those who've been screened out have returned voluntarily to Vietnam. And the number of asylum seekers still being held in detention in refugee detention centers has dropped quite dramatically. But not in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong, the numbers have risen. Now there are about 60,000 Vietnamese being held in refugee detention centers in Hong Kong which are more or less prisons. I visited there in May. And it was really quite shocking to see how people especially families and young children were being held sometimes for years on end. People who had committed no crime or had not been charged with any crime or convicted. For those of you who want to see pictures the National Geographic had a picture spread on this a few months ago when I did a story on Hong Kong. And it's... You might be surprised to see people living in three tiers with a family, having a space about the size of a queen size bed, a little cage in a cubicle. And yet many of those Vietnamese who had been screened out in Hong Kong have not returned yet. They still are holding out hope against hope that they could be resettled elsewhere. But recently the Hong Kong and British Authorities have signed an agreement with the Vietnamese providing for the foreseeable repatriation of Vietnamese. And with that agreement, the number of both people coming to Hong Kong has finally slowed down quite a bit. But the big question now will be, what will happen to those Vietnamese in Hong Kong, who refuse to go back? What level of force would be needed to do a repatriation? And will they be safe if they go back to Vietnam? I think they will. I was part of a delegation in May with UN High Commissioner for Refugees people to look at the situation of returnees, who had gone back to Vietnam. And our delegation after interviewing many returnees and talking with foreign journalists and diplomats and non-governmental organization representatives and so forth, could find no case of a returnee who had been discriminated against or harassed upon return. It was our conclusion that the Vietnamese in this case are playing it straight. And allowing the returnees to come back in safety and dignity. So for us then, the question goes back to how clean is the screening process? Is the screening process such that refugees will be screened in? And so that those who have a well-founded fear of persecution will not be returned to Vietnam. And there still are some things left to be desired in the screening procedures, especially in Hong Kong. Another big situation there, is that of the unaccompanied refugee minors. There are now in Hong Kong about 3000 kids who are without parents, who are being held in these refugee detention centers. Some for as long as three years. I, as a parent, others who are parents will understand how precious each year of childhood is. And to think of these precious years of childhood being wasted in a detention center is quite wrenching. And the UN has not been able to get their act together to process these children quickly and to decide what is in the best interest of these children, what should be resettled? Which should be returned to Vietnam? And it's a real challenge for the UN to try to speed up that processing of the unaccompanied children. Turning to Europe now, with the European community, with the all the moves for more common practices and turn down borders in Europe. I think most people in the world are quite happy to see this, these peaceful developments. I don't know how the honorable Member of Parliament will think about the development, so let us know this evening. But it is kind of exciting to think of a Europe without borders. What does that mean though, for refugees? Will we see in, as the European countries come together? will we see that they will adopt a regime for the protection of refugees that will be the least common denominator? In other words, the most strict standards will be adopted for all of Europe and thus a higher higher wall built up against refugees or asylum seekers or will we see a system that's more humane and more welcoming to people fleeing from persecution. So that the countries that have the most generous rules for processing asylum claims will their rules be adopted in the European Community. And unfortunately, the early signs that we see at least what I hear from my voluntary agency colleagues in Europe is that it tends to be the least common denominator. And that the barriers around Europe seem to be rising higher and higher. It would be a shame if in the New World Order, the Berlin wall were to come down, but then a new Berlin Wall were to be built up around Europe. And then in America, what do we see? On the positive side, there were some very good developments last year in the Congress and in the courts. The US Congress amended the Immigration Act to increase the number of immigrants coming into the United States from 500,000 a year to 700,000 a year. The Congress also adopted a temporary protected status under which the Attorney General can designate a country and say that people from that country who are in the United States will be protected from deportation, that they can stay in the United States until the situation in their country gets safe for them to return again. And presently the US has an effect as temporary protective status for people who have come from El Salvador, from Liberia, from Lebanon, from Kuwait, and from Somalia. This is a very positive development. We've also seen the government settling a case, a court case that was brought by the American Baptist churches, which challenged the way the US was processing asylum applications and brought a case which the government then settled and conceited that the government had been improperly using foreign policy considerations in processing asylum claims. So that, for example, someone coming from Nicaragua under the Sandinistas had a much better chance of being granted political asylum in the United States than someone in exactly the same circumstances, coming from Nicaragua, from El Salvador, or from Guatemala where the chances were very, very slim. And then as I said the government agreed to settle this case. And in agreeing to that settlement, has allowed the reconsideration of up to a half a million asylum applications of Salvadorians and Guatemalans that are to be reheard under a new cleaner procedure that presumably should eliminate foreign policy considerations. And just look at the individuals, fear of persecution in the circumstances the individual is fleeing. But we have some strong clouds ahead also in the US scene. At the present time in our official refugee program, the US is taking in about 120,000 refugees a year. And about 85% of those people are coming either from Vietnam or from the Soviet Union. So it's easy to see that our official refugee program is still very much defined by the Cold War. Yet, if you look at the pools of people who are coming from those countries, those pools of people who are eligible for resettlement will be drying up within the next few years. For example, from the Soviet Union, most of those coming to the US are either Soviet Jews or Christian Pentecostals or other religious dissenters. And the population of those people in the Soviet Union at the current rates of resettlement to the US and Israel and other countries will be dried up by the middle of the 1990s. From Vietnam, those people who are coming to the United States as refugees are either MRI lesions, the offspring of of Americans and Vietnamese mothers from the time of Vietnam war or they are former reeducation camp prisoners. Reeducation camp is the euphemism for the political prison where the Vietnamese communists clicked those who've been associated with the South Vietnamese or they're the remnants of the boat people, still being resettled from Southeast Asian countries. And all of those people will have had a chance to be resettled by the middle of the 1990s. What will be the future then of the US refugee program? Well, we just continue to open our doors to the same types of people we opened them to now in which case the total numbers will drop from 120,000 level to about a 20,000 level putting us in the same rank as Canada. Or will we as a country continue to let in. The numbers that we're letting in now, numbers which I contend are much more in proportion to our size as a country and to our wealth as a nation. But that would mean that opening our doors to populations of refugees that we do not traditionally resettle in this country like Palestinians or Africans or others from the Middle East. And then lastly, I want to talk in the US situation about the Haitians. We have a tremendously bitter paradox in US policy. If we compare how we deal with Haitians and how we deal with Cubans. And this paradox was illustrated by two recent boats which have arrived in Florida and been intercepted by our coast guard. In each case, these were small rickety fishing boats full as can be of Haitians trying to leave Haiti. And in each case, these boats came upon a raft which had two or three Cubans on it. And the raft was sinking and the Haitians saved the Cubans and took them on board. And then they were intercepted by the us coast guard. And what happened, the Cubans were received into the United States and given sanctuary in this country. The Haitians were intercepted and deported back to Haiti. Back to a country which... with which we have just imposed an economic embargo where we have protested against the military coup which took place a few weeks ago there. And where we have said the present government should not be in power. And yet we're still deporting people to Haiti. I think that, that's a reflection of some of the racism in the United States as well, of course, as the power of the Cuban lobby. But still it's a paradox which I don't think should continue in this country. Some conclusions. Yes, there will be refugees in the New World Order. The refugees will still be among us. We have the examples of situations producing refugees at this moment from Liberia, from Iraq, from Yugoslavia from the Horn of Africa and so forth. Another conclusion. Human rights vigilance is vital. Yes, for example, the world had protested in 1988 when the Iraqis had gassed many of the Kurdish towns in the Northern part of Iraq. If the world had responded vigorously at that point maybe there wouldn't have been the persecution of the Kurds and the Shias that we saw in 1991. Maybe even there might not have been the invasion of Kuwait Who knows? Also in Liberia, there were very strong early warnings of the chaos, which developed there. And yet the world did not respond to his credit. The former High Commissioner for refugees, Mr. Stoltenberg did raise those alarms, but no one took it up. Liberia was sort of off the radar screen in terms of an area of international interest. But the result was that now a million and a half Liberians have had to flee their homes and tens of thousands died. Another conclusion. It's important and I think that we promote the international human responsibility for humanitarian interests as part of the New World Order. A New World Order won't be worth its salt. Won't be worth some... It won't be something worth defending unless it promotes humanitarian wellbeing. I would call I think in the interest of humanity for a continued erosion of sovereignty that we are all our brothers keepers, our sister's keepers. We should all be interested in how people are being treated no matter what country they're in. And the world should be able to respond to those violations of human rights, even if it means any erosion of sovereignty of the nation where those rights violations are taking place. This means for example, that the world, I think should be able to respond to the internally displaced in Southern Sudan, where in the civil war, there are tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands of people who've had to flee their homes, who are in areas not under government control. And yet the government is blocking relief supplies to many of those people. That should not be possible. The world should be able to intervene on a humanitarian basis. We should also, I think welcome in the non-governmental organizations. More and more in this international system we've seen in the human rights field, how groups like anesthesia or national or the human rights watch organizations have raised up situations, which otherwise the the governments would not have raised up. And have directed world attention to improving the lot of people in desperate situations. The same is true in the refugee situation. NGOs are very much involved in the implementation of refugee programs, providing assistance for refugees. As in our case, providing for the resettlement of refugees. I think it would be good for the refugee regime. If the nongovernmental organizations are also brought in earlier on when it comes to planning, when it comes to monitoring, as well as when it comes to implementation. We need to strengthen the UNHCR the international committee of the red cross and the other international organizations which deal with refugees were facing in 1990 to a time of potentially massive expenditure. As hopefully people can return in peace to their countries Cambodians, people from the Western Sahara, South Africans more central Americans going back home. Hopefully if there's a settlement, the Afghans going back and so forth. The US support is particularly necessary here. As the US is the strong, is the largest donor to UNHCR. And I'm very pleased that because of the advocacy of my organization, as well as others like the US committee for refugees and in the US Catholic Conference that the Congress raised the amount of US the appropriation for us overseas assistance to refugees by $140 million more than the administration had asked for. And this I think is a good step forward but one that needs to be sustained. And then I think the Northern countries in Western Europe, North America, we should try to refrain from erecting new Berlin Walls around ourselves. We should try to keep out people who might be asylum seekers but should continue to try to have an open door for those who are fleeing persecution. So friends, I hope that my speech and as you do your other reading it will provoke you to be more interested in the plight of refugees to recognize that the refugees are still with us and also hopefully to make a place for refugees in this world, that we live in. Two brief examples of what it can mean to make a place for refugees village in Southern Hungary, where Croatians who are fleeing the fighting there are not able to go to the central part of Croatia because Serbian soldiers blocked the way and they fled into Hungary. There aren't refugee camps in Hungary. Where are these people staying? They've been taken in, in the homes and villages of Hungarian people. People have an extra bedroom have taken in people. People who have a Florida sleep on have taken in people. Then I looked to Malawi a small country in Central Africa, 9 million people Malawi has taken in 900,000 Mozambican refugees. Can you imagine that in the United States that would mean us taking in 25 million refugees into this country? Would we have the generosity to do that as a people? Is the U S wealthy enough to do what Malawi one of the least developed countries has done? Well, if we're not called to take refugees into our own homes, at least we can help welcome refugees through our congregations, through our communities, through financial contributions and through our political support, the refugees will be with us. It's our task, I think, to ensure that they're welcomed and that they're welcomed and safety and dignity. Thank you. I don't know how the schedule is. I'd be happy to try to answer questions or receive any reactions that you have. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Student] I'm curious of if your organization or any elements within it, have used Mozambique in refugees or in activities to you wonder against the African national Congress within South Africa\r\n\r\n- [Ralston] Yes, there are units within the South African Army that are made up of non South Africans, particularly and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119743#t=0.0,2783.352"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm glad to hear you to talk about the human rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=3.258,6.765"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the right to be dissent without persecution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=6.765,10.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wonder if you would comment, it seems to be like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=11.487,14.608"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of U S government human rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=14.608,16.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was associated with Jimmy Carter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=16.713,19.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it seem to be thought about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=19.73,23.211"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an internal interference and others under Ronald Reagan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=23.211,27.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you comment as an observer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=28.32,31.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how we are as a country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=31.9,34.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are we seeing again concerns about monitoring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=34.23,37.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these human rights or it still thought to be an interference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=37.6,41.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the internal affairs around the country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=41.347,44.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It is true I think that under President Carter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=47.49,49.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the cause of human rights was promoted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=49.74,52.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both within this country and on a worldwide basis as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=52.61,55.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot more attention was put on human rights concerns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=55.62,59.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll step aside from my official role and speak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=60.67,63.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My personal opinion is that under the Reagan administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=63.68,66.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unfortunately the U S succumbed to the temptation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=66.5,69.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to politicize human rights much more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=69.49,72.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we had a policy in which we would tend to criticize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=72.41,76.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the human rights violations of countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=76.18,78.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were adversaries of the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=78.96,81.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to cover up the human rights violations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=81.51,84.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of countries that were our allies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=84.21,86.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Especially this was true in Central America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=87.46,90.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the strong denunciations of the Sandinista regime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=90.11,94.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared with the very muted official U S comments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=94.17,98.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what was happening in Guatemala or in El Salvador.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=98.79,102.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we saw perhaps most vividly in the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=102.54,107.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the U S assigned to represent the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=107.73,112.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the U N Commission for Human Rights in Geneva.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=112.41,114.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under the Reagan administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=114.97,116.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U S appointed Armando Valladares as our ambassador","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=116.47,121.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the U N Human Rights Commission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=121.15,123.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Valladares is a man who has suffered very much himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=123.56,126.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is a Cuban poets and political dissidents who was held","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=126.61,131.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think for more than 20 years in prison,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=131.42,133.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Cuba, under Castro.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=133.81,135.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was finally freed because of the intervention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=135.37,137.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of President Mitterand of France.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=137.8,139.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He then came and sought refuge in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=141.0,143.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was granted asylum in our country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=143.7,146.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the U S in order to attack Cuba","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=146.24,149.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the human rights commission,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=149.56,151.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sped up the citizenship of Mr. Valladares","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=151.77,155.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that he could become a U S citizen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=155.11,156.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that he could become the U S ambassador","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=156.8,159.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the UN commission for human rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=159.321,162.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that he could attack Cuba.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=162.37,164.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the U S basically put its whole focus there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=164.4,167.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the commission or on attacking Cuba,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=167.46,169.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than trying to to deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=169.94,171.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with all human rights situations on an even basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=171.61,176.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And especially when Ambassador Valladares","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=176.18,179.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's English is very poor, would get up and represent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=179.29,182.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States speaking in Spanish to attack Cuba,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=182.59,185.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see the politicization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=185.35,186.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the U S human rights policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=186.82,190.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under Reagan...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=191.72,193.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sorry, under the Bush administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=193.21,194.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we're a bit less ideological now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=194.82,197.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course the end of the cold war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=198.54,200.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"makes it easier to be that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=200.2,202.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I should say in credit to the U S government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=202.06,204.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the annual country reports on human rights violations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=204.75,209.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the U S State Department does, are a very useful tool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=209.26,212.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They still do have a political agenda sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=212.82,216.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they do provide a useful resource","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=216.15,220.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for human rights situations in various countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=220.95,223.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also institutionally they force the U S embassies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=223.66,227.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in each country to pay attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=227.49,229.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the human rights situation in those countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=229.69,231.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they have to write an annual report about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=231.92,233.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and submit it to Washington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=233.99,235.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=236.6,237.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there any effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=237.8,239.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to tie international financial loans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=242.063,247.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to human rights treatment in third world countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=247.142,250.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see in a lot of third world countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=250.6,255.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Sudan, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=255.32,256.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have widespread torture everywhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=256.72,261.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet the country within the same year get a lot of money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=262.615,267.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from World Bank and IMF?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=268.944,271.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not entirely familiar with the legislation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=274.837,277.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=277.89,279.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With the United States, the U S does have legislation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=279.69,283.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which puts some human rights 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next?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=337.61,339.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One Press here in the front here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=339.06,341.055"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is the status of Palestinian refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=341.055,343.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"viewed differently from other refugees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=343.763,346.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since unlike other refugees who are afraid to go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=346.846,351.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of fear of persecution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=352.679,354.635"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Palestine refugees are not even allowed to go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=354.635,357.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the country which is Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=357.74,359.718"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=359.718,361.032"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, again, it's a kind of an unfortunate quirk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=361.032,366.032"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you like, in world history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=367.11,369.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the Palestinians are not even covered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=369.42,371.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the U N High Commissioner for refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=371.48,374.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The U N set up a separate agency to deal specifically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=374.74,378.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Palestinians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=378.16,379.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U N Relief and Works Administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=379.36,381.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Palestinian Refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=381.96,384.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Palestinians are excluded from the UNHCR mandate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=387.134,390.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So yes, there is a separate regime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=392.06,396.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also that's reflected in the U S policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=396.16,398.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the fact that the U S as a matter of policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=398.57,401.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does not resettle Palestinians as refugees in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=401.07,405.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many are able to come as immigrants, but not as refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=405.5,409.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What's the reason for the creation of this policy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=410.24,414.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You said that under the commission's functions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=414.14,417.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it doesn't apply to Palestinian refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=417.177,419.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think historically it came from the fact that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=419.73,421.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the war of 1948 took place before UNHCR was founded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=421.91,426.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so UNRWA was set up before UNHCR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=426.97,430.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then when UNHCR was set up in 1951,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=431.17,434.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was felt that the Palestinians would be dealt with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=434.16,436.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by this other agency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=436.33,438.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at first, the UNHCR dealt only with European refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=438.18,442.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later, the mandate was broadened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=442.05,444.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but still with this separate regime for the Palestinians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=444.23,447.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How about Palestinians refugees of the 1967 war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=447.053,450.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That there's a big problem from that war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=451.658,454.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm not on such firm ground here historically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=454.982,457.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've not studied that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=457.98,458.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think though, it's the same situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=458.813,460.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That they're covered by UNRWA rather than by UNHCR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=460.94,464.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, just behind her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=466.019,467.069"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I thought you touched rather briefly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=468.46,471.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you talked about the pools that would dry up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=471.039,473.611"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the former Soviet Union from the cold war era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=473.611,478.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what about the new movements of peoples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=478.528,481.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of all the ethnic conflicts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=481.69,484.694"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and former citizens of the former Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=484.694,487.631"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have to travel through it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=487.631,489.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will they be counted as economic refugees?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=489.442,492.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=492.13,493.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, if I may, I've been trying to use this line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=493.28,495.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you talked about the former Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=495.58,497.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Someone told me the proper way that now to call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=497.62,500.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the USSR is the USS Were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=500.36,503.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=503.184,506.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=506.18,507.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I heard the High Commissioner speak a few weeks ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=509.14,511.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in New York in a small group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=511.69,513.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she addressed this problem herself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=513.64,515.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said how the UNHCR had really been caught flat-footed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=515.76,519.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the changes in the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=519.96,522.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she discovered to her dismay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=522.18,524.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there was only one Russian speaker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=524.33,526.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the UNHCR staff in Geneva,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=526.21,528.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and no one who was really expert","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=528.86,530.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the various nationalities and peoples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=530.89,534.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=534.22,535.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're trying to catch up now, and UNHCR is in the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=536.43,539.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of setting up an office in Moscow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=539.903,543.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're also looking very carefully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=543.62,545.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at what would be their own role, because if the republics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=545.88,550.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indeed become independent beyond the Baltics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=551.25,555.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then people who are now under international law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=555.36,558.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"internally displaced may soon become international refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=558.26,562.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, Armenians who fled from Azerbaijan to Armenia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=562.58,566.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or other movements of Georgians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=566.11,570.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or others in the Soviet union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=570.5,572.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it's just too early to tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=575.24,577.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's going to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=577.38,578.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So far, at least from a U S perspective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=578.77,581.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a perspective of a voluntary resettlement agency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=581.87,585.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've not seen a change because of the Soviet situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=585.56,590.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you know, it's quite possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=591.29,594.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there could be major flows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=594.65,596.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly some of the Eastern European countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=596.84,599.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are really worried about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=599.65,601.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and are trying to draw up some contingency plans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=602.31,604.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=607.5,608.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, you touched a little bit when we break up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=609.24,611.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the issue of sovereignty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=611.273,612.871"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=612.871,613.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And just now when you mentioned the undue interference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=615.325,619.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the internal affairs of other countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=619.138,621.344"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the sacrosanct nature of how that has been used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=621.344,624.774"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and abused throughout history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=624.774,627.274"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there any movement or is there any progression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=629.738,632.881"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the rules by the agents of human rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=632.881,637.371"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in countries that are abusing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=637.371,638.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the huge numbers of refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=638.673,642.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, there's only four or five as I can tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=642.137,643.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's Mozambique, there's Sudan, there is Liberia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=643.217,647.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Afghanistan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=647.223,648.694"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And then (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=648.694,652.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I'm bringing this Middle East conferences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=652.473,656.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least the superpowers are paying attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=656.32,658.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but primally they're getting the willpower","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=658.582,660.642"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say 'Well, you guys'...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=660.642,662.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, they are interfering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=662.443,663.578"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the internal affairs of Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=663.578,665.975"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're kicking them in the back and then saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=665.975,667.401"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Well, you guys get together or else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=667.401,669.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll hold up the 10 Billion loan.'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=669.141,672.058"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you see any progress in these other, Angola, Mozambique","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=674.578,678.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Liberia and so on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=678.187,679.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In these countries is there any cohesion of effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=679.365,682.709"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the super powers to really get together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=682.709,685.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and address the root causes of these millions of refugees?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=685.167,690.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, one of the salutary effects of the ending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=692.594,696.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the cold war and something that started already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=696.38,700.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the Reagan administration was the increased contact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=700.18,703.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between U S and Soviet foreign ministry officials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=703.86,708.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even relating to regions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=709.33,711.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you wouldn't think they have direct contact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=711.33,714.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, the Africa secretaries would meet together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=714.32,718.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the Southeast Asian secretaries would meet together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=718.28,721.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=721.35,722.759"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this has led to a number of positive developments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=722.759,727.759"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the U S, USSR,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=728.41,730.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their talks, if you like, led in part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=732.55,734.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the settlement in Namibia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=734.76,736.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has helped in the Angolan negotiations quite a bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=736.84,740.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hopefully will help some in the Mozambican ones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=741.68,743.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although they're you're dealing with a rebel movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=743.93,747.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excuse me, Renamo, which seems to have no overriding goal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=747.45,752.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other than just to kill people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=753.41,755.816"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're very difficult people to deal with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=755.816,757.966"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the Cambodian settlement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=759.78,763.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is another example of this now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=763.8,766.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So yeah, there has been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=766.43,768.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess I would say one aspect of this New World Order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=769.43,772.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the permanent five members of the security council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=772.26,776.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are beginning to act in a cohesive way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=776.26,779.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to use their weight to try to keep","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=779.57,781.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the smaller countries in line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=781.58,783.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to resolve disputes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=783.45,786.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were not only allowed to fester during the cold war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=786.96,791.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also were in fact part of the cold war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=791.037,793.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Part of the the competition between the U S and the USSR.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=793.91,798.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the sovereignty side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=800.5,801.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the experience of World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=801.83,806.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Holocaust, of the Nuremberg trials and then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=806.31,809.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the creation of international human rights regimes after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=809.42,812.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sowed the seeds for what is in fact a significant erosion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=814.34,818.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of national sovereignty that we've seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=818.58,820.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this latter half of the 20th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=820.42,823.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on human rights, based on humanitarian concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=823.27,826.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with the idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=826.87,828.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's just not acceptable in the world anymore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=828.31,831.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a country to treat its own people in a awful way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=831.46,835.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That even though that's yes, an internal affair","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=835.76,839.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in a sense, it's not an internal affair anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=839.14,841.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we're all people and all people have rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=841.47,844.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that there is in a sense a world responsibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=844.17,847.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to uphold those rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=847.09,851.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly in my position as a human rights lawyer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=851.13,854.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a person directing a church refugee agency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=854.5,859.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will applaud that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=859.03,860.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was delighted when this humanitarian zone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=860.487,864.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was created in Northern Iraq and where countries moved in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=864.91,869.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to protect Iraqi people from Iraqi soldiers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=870.18,873.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope that that sort of thing can be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=874.62,878.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other situations to save lives and to deter tyrants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=878.18,883.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from treating people in a despicable way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=884.52,887.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I understand, of course the dangers that might be there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=887.52,890.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the big countries start stepping on little countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=890.92,894.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm also mindful of the history of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=894.74,897.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sorry history of humanitarian intervention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=897.31,899.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the colonial regimes where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=899.87,902.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the turn of the century, countries like Britain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=903.54,906.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or France or Germany, or the U S would use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=906.16,910.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the violation of rights in developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=911.08,916.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an excuse to come in and occupy or take over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=917.14,920.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I hope we're beyond that now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=920.62,921.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I hope that in this sort of concerted action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=921.83,923.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have within the UN system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=923.72,925.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this type of intervention can be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=925.36,927.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a positive way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=927.61,928.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=930.25,931.344"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Concerning the tri-partite agreements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=931.344,933.799"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the country that generates refugees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=933.799,936.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country that's hosting them and UNHCR","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=936.25,939.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are set and repeated in various scenarios for decades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=939.544,944.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In your reading of history, are there ever any cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=946.276,948.335"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the refugees are actually involved in this as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=948.335,951.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And obviously this is something that's coming from above","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=951.117,952.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's deciding their fate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=952.8,954.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I wonder if you can cite any positive examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=954.651,957.151"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the process of uses, let me mention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=957.151,959.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in perhaps third world countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=959.791,961.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=961.538,962.991"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What are some positive examples?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=962.991,964.331"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's a good point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=964.331,965.164"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't think of any now, where the refugees themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=965.164,967.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been part of the action in setting the agreement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=967.63,972.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Good point (laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=975.13,977.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=978.56,979.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Are there any general criteria you would use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=980.36,983.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what do you use to decide what is a military threat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=983.693,988.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what is the union policy that you employ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=989.211,992.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Examples in the future?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=995.681,997.764"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You speak perfectly, I think, about working in Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1002.086,1007.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess I'm particularly sensitive to this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1007.13,1011.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the Liberian situation last year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1011.08,1014.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was then in my previous job which was to represent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1014.44,1017.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Lutheran World Federation at the U N.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1017.57,1020.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a small but very active Lutheran Church in Liberia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1020.84,1025.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was in St. Peter's Lutheran Church in Monrovia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1025.3,1029.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where this horrible massacre took place a year ago, July.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1029.31,1032.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where hundreds of people had sought refuge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1032.46,1035.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the church compound and President Doe and his soldiers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1035.59,1038.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came in and just shot and shot and stabbed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1038.87,1042.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and shot and stabbed, with the result that about 400 people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1042.823,1046.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainly women and children were left slaughtered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1046.69,1049.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there in that church.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1049.46,1051.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And thinking then about how even a very small intervention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1051.4,1056.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done under UN or under other international auspices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1059.2,1064.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could have gotten the parties to stop fighting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1066.41,1068.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it could have saved lives made me think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1068.61,1072.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can chaos, how can violence like that be prevented?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1072.36,1075.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1078.797,1079.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's hard to predict in the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1081.49,1082.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what might be other spots that would be brewing that way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1082.88,1086.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think we can look at somewhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1086.48,1088.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might end up having trouble soon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1088.77,1090.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One would be Peru, with the increasing violence of the war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1090.73,1095.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the Shining Path guerrillas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1095.51,1097.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the government in Peru.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1097.52,1100.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Already some refugees are beginning to flee from Peru.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1102.04,1105.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We might see it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1105.83,1107.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again in Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1112.63,1114.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depending on how the Kurds and Shias are treated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1114.12,1117.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a number of African situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1117.96,1119.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where this might occur again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1119.94,1122.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rwanda and Burundi are quite unstable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1122.36,1124.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Haiti.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1128.02,1128.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eventually I think the organization of American States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1131.888,1134.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is gonna have to back up its economic embargo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1134.35,1138.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some military action,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1138.81,1140.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they're going to overthrow this military recoup.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1140.76,1143.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that'll be a test, if they decide to do that or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1145.09,1147.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1149.15,1149.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1149.983,1151.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I just want to comment and reply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1151.06,1153.718"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I don't know you very well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1153.718,1156.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the use of military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1156.542,1161.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e is only one of an array-\nTrue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1162.45,1164.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Of tools which those concerned with calling attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1164.772,1169.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to human rights violations can use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1170.534,1174.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And sometimes I feel like Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1174.545,1177.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially after the good results in Desert Storm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1177.68,1182.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're again too willing to think about military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1182.27,1187.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the only option.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1187.46,1189.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm a little older than most of the press today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1189.59,1193.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I thought it was fairly useful in the Carter time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1193.29,1197.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they actually talked about it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1197.497,1200.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even saying that they disapproved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1202.44,1205.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for many people that seems so weak","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1205.957,1209.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to just say, 'We disapprove of this'.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1209.65,1212.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet it worried leaders in many countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1212.11,1215.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have the United States do this minor thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1215.68,1219.001"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just to say, 'We think it's wrong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1219.001,1221.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a violation of human rights to do thus and so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1221.03,1224.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it's in fact true.'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1224.232,1226.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think between that and military there maybe recreating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1226.057,1230.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There maybe a number of other options, and so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1230.603,1234.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's right, and there are also various levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1234.603,1236.175"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of military intervention as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1236.175,1239.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far short of a full-scale war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1239.44,1241.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have the very good example of the blue helmets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1241.89,1244.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the UN peace keeping troops who had the goal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1244.69,1247.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of never firing a shot, but just by their presence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1247.66,1250.418"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can hopefully calm a situation and deter people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1250.418,1254.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from doing violent things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1254.24,1257.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the example of Northern Iraq is another one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1258.69,1262.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where as far as I know, there weren't any casualties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1262.27,1265.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the intervention of these small military forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1265.81,1270.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to protect the UNHCR and other relief agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1271.63,1276.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"providing assistance to the Kurds in Northern Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1277.15,1280.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet that effort could not have succeeded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1280.55,1282.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it weren't for the presence of those small groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1282.72,1285.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of American and British and Dutch and other soldiers there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1285.94,1290.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you raise a good point. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1294.6,1297.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To the extent that our conflicts persist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1298.164,1301.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do you see any trends of the observance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1301.464,1304.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the U N conventions on military power?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1304.668,1308.168"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On the laws of war, or on refugees?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1309.84,1312.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The laws of war, specifically in terms of actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1312.813,1315.381"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the generation of refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1315.381,1316.872"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a number of examples going on, in this case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1316.872,1319.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e where civilian are a target.\nRight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1319.523,1322.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1322.0,1324.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I certainly hope so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1325.74,1326.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe I can go on from that and say that I hope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1328.78,1330.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those conventions are expanded to ban landmines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1330.7,1335.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prince Samuel called for this in his speech","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1338.17,1340.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before the UN General Assembly this fall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1340.35,1342.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I resonate very strongly to that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1342.5,1345.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having seen that a landmine is a weapon that usually attacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1345.21,1350.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and kills innocent civilians, often children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1351.4,1355.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact there are even some landmines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1355.15,1356.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are disguised as toys with the intent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1356.75,1359.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that children will pick them up and have this explode","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1359.04,1361.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their hands and what an awful thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1361.44,1365.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And maybe we're now at the point in our world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1365.16,1368.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we've advanced far enough that we could think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1368.86,1371.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of banning a toy that explodes in the hands of children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1371.28,1375.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And especially, landmines affect refugees quite a bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1377.14,1382.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as people try to flee from a country crossing borders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1382.26,1386.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crossing areas that have been strewn with mines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1386.29,1391.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I myself have seen in Namibia some of the carnage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1391.18,1395.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been wrecked by mines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1395.02,1397.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's people herding their cattle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1397.39,1400.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cross an unmarked mine field and get blown up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1400.32,1404.408"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or, as I say, kids die or get maimed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1404.408,1408.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by these things in their hands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1408.72,1410.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1411.81,1412.888"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was just reading a report last night","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1412.888,1414.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on repatriation back to Angola","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1414.45,1416.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now that it seems to be regaining some semblance...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1416.78,1420.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are great worries about anybody returning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1420.037,1422.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there are so many landmines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1422.53,1424.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Angola's got 30,000 to 40,000 amputees as a result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1424.04,1426.865"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e of this conflict.\nRight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1426.865,1428.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e People don't know where...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1428.44,1429.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they're planted where the water's very good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1429.88,1432.309"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have no idea exactly where all the landmines are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1432.309,1435.105"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's true, and the same in Cambodia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1435.105,1438.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are larger areas of Cambodia that people are afraid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1438.28,1441.251"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go to, some of them very fertile rice fields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1441.251,1445.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because these mines have been sown about indiscriminately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1445.5,1449.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, thank you all very much for your attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1452.84,1454.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been a pleasure to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=1454.04,1455.64"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30855/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/855/original/AV204040_Will_Refugees_Have_a_Place_in_the_New_World_Order_b.vtt?1626718043","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/855/original/AV204040_Will_Refugees_Have_a_Place_in_the_New_World_Order_b.vtt?1626718043"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30856","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204040_Will_Refugees_Have_a_Place_in_the_New_World_Order_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744/transcript/30856/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- I'm glad to hear you to talk about the human rights, the right to be dissent without persecution. I wonder if you would comment, it seems to be like a lot of U S government human rights was associated with Jimmy Carter. And then it seem to be thought about as an internal interference and others under Ronald Reagan. Could you comment as an observer, how we are as a country. Are we seeing again concerns about monitoring these human rights or it still thought to be an interference in the internal affairs around the country?\r\n\r\n- It is true I think that under President Carter the cause of human rights was promoted both within this country and on a worldwide basis as well. A lot more attention was put on human rights concerns. I'll step aside from my official role and speak. My personal opinion is that under the Reagan administration, unfortunately the U S succumbed to the temptation to politicize human rights much more. And we had a policy in which we would tend to criticize the human rights violations of countries that were adversaries of the United States and try to cover up the human rights violations of countries that were our allies. Especially this was true in Central America with the strong denunciations of the Sandinista regime compared with the very muted official U S comments about what was happening in Guatemala or in El Salvador. And we saw perhaps most vividly in the person that the U S assigned to represent the United States, at the U N Commission for Human Rights in Geneva. Under the Reagan administration the U S appointed Armando Valladares as our ambassador to the U N Human Rights Commission. Valladares is a man who has suffered very much himself. He is a Cuban poets and political dissidents who was held I think for more than 20 years in prison, in Cuba, under Castro. He was finally freed because of the intervention of President Mitterand of France. He then came and sought refuge in the United States, was granted asylum in our country. And then the U S in order to attack Cuba in the human rights commission, sped up the citizenship of Mr. Valladares so that he could become a U S citizen so that he could become the U S ambassador to the UN commission for human rights so that he could attack Cuba. And the U S basically put its whole focus there on the commission or on attacking Cuba, rather than trying to to deal with all human rights situations on an even basis. And especially when Ambassador Valladares who's English is very poor, would get up and represent the United States speaking in Spanish to attack Cuba, you can see the politicization of the U S human rights policy. Under Reagan... Sorry, under the Bush administration I think we're a bit less ideological now. Of course the end of the cold war makes it easier to be that way. And I should say in credit to the U S government that the annual country reports on human rights violations that the U S State Department does, are a very useful tool. They still do have a political agenda sometimes but they do provide a useful resource for human rights situations in various countries and also institutionally they force the U S embassies in each country to pay attention to the human rights situation in those countries because they have to write an annual report about that and submit it to Washington. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- Is there any effort to tie international financial loans to human rights treatment in third world countries? I see in a lot of third world countries like Sudan, for example, you have widespread torture everywhere yet the country within the same year get a lot of money from World Bank and IMF?\r\n\r\n- I'm not entirely familiar with the legislation in other countries. With the United States, the U S does have legislation which puts some human rights criteria on how the U S votes on IMF loans or World Bank projects. And also there are restrictions on bilateral U S aid that have human rights components to it. And this has meant that the U S has withdrawn aid from a number of countries based on their human rights record. It's also sometimes meant though, that the administration has had basically to lie and to certify that a country where for security purposes the U S wants to give aid that that country does have a good human rights record when in fact they don't, in order to circumvent those provisions of the law. But yes, increasingly it seems that at least as far as the U S is concerned that human rights factors are being taken into account in foreign aid. There was a question, I forget who's next? One Press here in the front here.\r\n\r\n- Is the status of Palestinian refugees viewed differently from other refugees, since unlike other refugees who are afraid to go back because of fear of persecution, the Palestine refugees are not even allowed to go back by the country which is Israel.\r\n\r\n- Right. In fact, again, it's a kind of an unfortunate quirk if you like, in world history but the Palestinians are not even covered by the U N High Commissioner for refugees. The U N set up a separate agency to deal specifically with the Palestinians, the U N Relief and Works Administration for Palestinian Refugees. And Palestinians are excluded from the UNHCR mandate. So yes, there is a separate regime and also that's reflected in the U S policy by the fact that the U S as a matter of policy, does not resettle Palestinians as refugees in this country. Many are able to come as immigrants, but not as refugees.\r\n\r\n- What's the reason for the creation of this policy? You said that under the commission's functions, that it doesn't apply to Palestinian refugees.\r\n\r\n- I think historically it came from the fact that the war of 1948 took place before UNHCR was founded and so UNRWA was set up before UNHCR. And then when UNHCR was set up in 1951, it was felt that the Palestinians would be dealt with by this other agency. And at first, the UNHCR dealt only with European refugees. Later, the mandate was broadened but still with this separate regime for the Palestinians.\r\n\r\n- How about Palestinians refugees of the 1967 war? That there's a big problem from that war?\r\n\r\n- I'm not on such firm ground here historically. I've not studied that. I think though, it's the same situation. That they're covered by UNRWA rather than by UNHCR. Yes, just behind her.\r\n\r\n- I thought you touched rather briefly when you talked about the pools that would dry up from the former Soviet Union from the cold war era. But what about the new movements of peoples as a result of all the ethnic conflicts and former citizens of the former Soviet Union who have to travel through it. Will they be counted as economic refugees?\r\n\r\n- Right. First, if I may, I've been trying to use this line you talked about the former Soviet Union. Someone told me the proper way that now to call the USSR is the USS Were. Anyway. I heard the High Commissioner speak a few weeks ago in New York in a small group. And she addressed this problem herself and said how the UNHCR had really been caught flat-footed by the changes in the Soviet Union. And she discovered to her dismay that there was only one Russian speaker on the UNHCR staff in Geneva, and no one who was really expert in the various nationalities and peoples of the Soviet Union. They're trying to catch up now, and UNHCR is in the process of setting up an office in Moscow. And they're also looking very carefully at what would be their own role, because if the republics indeed become independent beyond the Baltics, then people who are now under international law internally displaced may soon become international refugees. For example, Armenians who fled from Azerbaijan to Armenia or other movements of Georgians or others in the Soviet union. And I think it's just too early to tell what's going to happen. So far, at least from a U S perspective and a perspective of a voluntary resettlement agency, we've not seen a change because of the Soviet situation, but you know, it's quite possible that there could be major flows. And certainly some of the Eastern European countries are really worried about that and are trying to draw up some contingency plans. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, you touched a little bit when we break up about the issue of sovereignty.\r\n\r\n- Yes.\r\n\r\n- And just now when you mentioned the undue interference in the internal affairs of other countries and the sacrosanct nature of how that has been used and abused throughout history. Is there any movement or is there any progression in the rules by the agents of human rights. And in countries that are abusing the huge numbers of refugees. I mean, there's only four or five as I can tell. There's Mozambique, there's Sudan, there is Liberia.\r\n\r\n- Afghanistan.\r\n\r\n- And then Now, I'm bringing this Middle East conferences at least the superpowers are paying attention but primally they're getting the willpower to say 'Well, you guys'... In fact, they are interfering in the internal affairs of Israel. They're kicking them in the back and then saying, 'Well, you guys get together or else we'll hold up the 10 Billion loan.' Do you see any progress in these other, Angola, Mozambique and Liberia and so on? In these countries is there any cohesion of effort between the super powers to really get together and address the root causes of these millions of refugees?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, one of the salutary effects of the ending of the cold war and something that started already during the Reagan administration was the increased contact between U S and Soviet foreign ministry officials, even relating to regions that you wouldn't think they have direct contact. For example, the Africa secretaries would meet together or the Southeast Asian secretaries would meet together and so forth. And this has led to a number of positive developments. I think that the U S, USSR, their talks, if you like, led in part to the settlement in Namibia, has helped in the Angolan negotiations quite a bit. Hopefully will help some in the Mozambican ones, although they're you're dealing with a rebel movement, excuse me, Renamo, which seems to have no overriding goal other than just to kill people. They're very difficult people to deal with. And I think the Cambodian settlement is another example of this now. So yeah, there has been. I guess I would say one aspect of this New World Order is that the permanent five members of the security council are beginning to act in a cohesive way and to use their weight to try to keep some of the smaller countries in line and try to resolve disputes that were not only allowed to fester during the cold war but also were in fact part of the cold war. Part of the the competition between the U S and the USSR. On the sovereignty side, I think that the experience of World War II, of the Holocaust, of the Nuremberg trials and then the creation of international human rights regimes after sowed the seeds for what is in fact a significant erosion of national sovereignty that we've seen in this latter half of the 20th century based on human rights, based on humanitarian concern. And with the idea that it's just not acceptable in the world anymore for a country to treat its own people in a awful way. That even though that's yes, an internal affair that in a sense, it's not an internal affair anymore. That we're all people and all people have rights. And that there is in a sense a world responsibility to try to uphold those rights. And certainly in my position as a human rights lawyer, as a person directing a church refugee agency, I will applaud that. And I was delighted when this humanitarian zone was created in Northern Iraq and where countries moved in to protect Iraqi people from Iraqi soldiers. I hope that that sort of thing can be used in other situations to save lives and to deter tyrants from treating people in a despicable way. I understand, of course the dangers that might be there if the big countries start stepping on little countries and I'm also mindful of the history of that. The sorry history of humanitarian intervention under the colonial regimes where around the turn of the century, countries like Britain or France or Germany, or the U S would use the violation of rights in developing countries as an excuse to come in and occupy or take over. But I hope we're beyond that now and I hope that in this sort of concerted action that we have within the UN system, that this type of intervention can be used in a positive way. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- Concerning the tri-partite agreements. That is the country that generates refugees, the country that's hosting them and UNHCR these are set and repeated in various scenarios for decades. In your reading of history, are there ever any cases where the refugees are actually involved in this as well? And obviously this is something that's coming from above but it's deciding their fate and I wonder if you can cite any positive examples. In the process of uses, let me mention in perhaps third world countries.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- What are some positive examples?\r\n\r\n- That's a good point. I can't think of any now, where the refugees themselves have been part of the action in setting the agreement. Good point This one.\r\n\r\n- Are there any general criteria you would use or what do you use to decide what is a military threat and what is the union policy that you employ?\r\n\r\n- Examples in the future?\r\n\r\n- You speak perfectly, I think, about working in Iraq.\r\n\r\n- I guess I'm particularly sensitive to this because of the Liberian situation last year. I was then in my previous job which was to represent the Lutheran World Federation at the U N. There's a small but very active Lutheran Church in Liberia and it was in St. Peter's Lutheran Church in Monrovia where this horrible massacre took place a year ago, July. Where hundreds of people had sought refuge in the church compound and President Doe and his soldiers came in and just shot and shot and stabbed and shot and stabbed, with the result that about 400 people mainly women and children were left slaughtered there in that church. And thinking then about how even a very small intervention done under UN or under other international auspices could have gotten the parties to stop fighting and it could have saved lives made me think. How can chaos, how can violence like that be prevented? I guess, it's hard to predict in the future what might be other spots that would be brewing that way but I think we can look at somewhere we might end up having trouble soon. One would be Peru, with the increasing violence of the war between the Shining Path guerrillas and the government in Peru. Already some refugees are beginning to flee from Peru. We might see it again in Iraq, depending on how the Kurds and Shias are treated. There are a number of African situations where this might occur again. Rwanda and Burundi are quite unstable. Haiti. Eventually I think the organization of American States is gonna have to back up its economic embargo with some military action, if they're going to overthrow this military recoup. And that'll be a test, if they decide to do that or not. I don't know. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- I just want to comment and reply that I don't know you very well but the use of military is only one of an array-\r\n\r\n- True.\r\n\r\n- Of tools which those concerned with calling attention to human rights violations can use. And sometimes I feel like Americans, especially after the good results in Desert Storm that they're again too willing to think about military as the only option. And I'm a little older than most of the press today and I thought it was fairly useful in the Carter time that they actually talked about it, even saying that they disapproved. And for many people that seems so weak to just say, 'We disapprove of this'. And yet it worried leaders in many countries to have the United States do this minor thing. Just to say, 'We think it's wrong, it's a violation of human rights to do thus and so, if it's in fact true.' So I think between that and military there maybe recreating. There maybe a number of other options, and so.\r\n\r\n- That's right, and there are also various levels of military intervention as well, far short of a full-scale war. And we have the very good example of the blue helmets, the UN peace keeping troops who had the goal of never firing a shot, but just by their presence can hopefully calm a situation and deter people from doing violent things. And I think the example of Northern Iraq is another one where as far as I know, there weren't any casualties of the intervention of these small military forces to protect the UNHCR and other relief agencies providing assistance to the Kurds in Northern Iraq. And yet that effort could not have succeeded if it weren't for the presence of those small groups of American and British and Dutch and other soldiers there. But you raise a good point. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- To the extent that our conflicts persist, do you see any trends of the observance of the U N conventions on military power?\r\n\r\n- On the laws of war, or on refugees?\r\n\r\n- The laws of war, specifically in terms of actually the generation of refugees. There are a number of examples going on, in this case where civilian are a target.\r\n\r\n- Right.\r\n\r\n- I certainly hope so. Maybe I can go on from that and say that I hope that those conventions are expanded to ban landmines. Prince Samuel called for this in his speech before the UN General Assembly this fall. And I resonate very strongly to that having seen that a landmine is a weapon that usually attacks and kills innocent civilians, often children. In fact there are even some landmines that are disguised as toys with the intent that children will pick them up and have this explode in their hands and what an awful thing. And maybe we're now at the point in our world where we've advanced far enough that we could think of banning a toy that explodes in the hands of children. And especially, landmines affect refugees quite a bit as people try to flee from a country crossing borders, crossing areas that have been strewn with mines. And I myself have seen in Namibia some of the carnage that's been wrecked by mines. It's people herding their cattle, cross an unmarked mine field and get blown up. Or, as I say, kids die or get maimed by these things in their hands. Yes?\r\n\r\n- I was just reading a report last night on repatriation back to Angola now that it seems to be regaining some semblance... But there are great worries about anybody returning because there are so many landmines. Angola's got 30,000 to 40,000 amputees as a result of this conflict.\r\n\r\n- Right.\r\n\r\n- People don't know where... If they're planted where the water's very good. They have no idea exactly where all the landmines are.\r\n\r\n- It's true, and the same in Cambodia. There are larger areas of Cambodia that people are afraid to go to, some of them very fertile rice fields, because these mines have been sown about indiscriminately. Well, thank you all very much for your attention. It's been a pleasure to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46610/file/119744#t=0.0,1464.792"}]}]}]}