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administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=15.51,17.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Alan Chadwick at 12:00 in the Pioneer room,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=17.88,20.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"film radio beginning at 3:00 PM in the Pioneer room,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=21.38,24.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and lecture by Glenn Allay at 8:PM in sunroom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=24.48,27.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Joseph Collins finished his graduate 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including,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=39.32,42.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Aid as Obstacle, World Hunger: Ten myths,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=42.26,45.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what difference could revolution 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I'm not making this up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=175.784,177.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=177.835,178.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then Vice President Bush, cloud and a flower 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declared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=187.69,190.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm quoting exactly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=190.61,192.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We stand with you, sir,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=192.477,194.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We love your adherence to democratic principles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=194.79,197.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to the democratic 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tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=210.6,212.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been asked to talk about really,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=212.36,214.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where is the Philippines at 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this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=221.25,223.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with my glasses on for one thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=223.52,224.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm also going to try to do 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rim,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=229.58,231.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what challenges is presents to our country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=231.22,233.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I say it's well, it's been about three 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voted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=640.48,644.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite the fact that the leftest national democratic fund","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=644.81,648.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"front had urged a no 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1987,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=654.04,657.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leftist candidates were defeated nearly everywhere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=657.09,660.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and old boy elite politicians won the vast 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Tagalog.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=681.72,683.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And basically that means if you're a tenant farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=683.87,687.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you get the message on whom you were to vote 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rehabilitation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1238.27,1240.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reintegration into society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1240.3,1241.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rebel said, \"We don't talk about land reform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1243.17,1245.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've got to talk about the relationship of our country here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1245.24,1247.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with United 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sovereignty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1250.78,1252.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other issues like Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1252.46,1253.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we just want to talk about your surrender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1253.94,1256.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that doesn't make for much of a negotiation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1256.56,1258.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly shoots it in the foot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1258.99,1262.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Moreover, the collapse of the peace talks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1262.05,1264.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was precipitated not only by the armed forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1264.06,1266.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"determination to wreck them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1266.51,1268.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also by the pressure from the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1268.5,1271.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and X years from now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1272.86,1274.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we come, if we're, you're still able,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1274.52,1276.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's quite possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1276.95,1277.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not at that point to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1277.91,1279.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the freedom of information act the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1279.56,1282.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cables going between the embassy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1282.012,1284.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the state department so forth at this time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1284.41,1286.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we will see that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1286.31,1288.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the U.S. was really very much behind the Aquino Palace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1288.46,1293.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and seeing that these talks would 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already,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1297.19,1299.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of spokespersons and so forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1299.11,1301.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and stories through the New York times,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1301.5,1303.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"emphasizing impossibility of the solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1303.66,1306.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, shortly around this time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1306.18,1310.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shortly after the New York times did a series of stories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1310.06,1313.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the New York times,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1313.49,1314.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"determines more than any other publication,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1315.82,1318.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how foreign policy is perceived and made,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1318.21,1322.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth in this Country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1322.04,1324.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they rand a series of stories on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1324.41,1327.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this terrible communist armed new people's army,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1327.4,1332.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what a threat it is to the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1332.93,1335.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those articles were authored by for training.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1335.44,1338.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The New York times is not even think it's ethically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1338.49,1341.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right to tell it's readers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1341.63,1344.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Bern trainer is a retired general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1344.19,1346.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States Marine Corps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1346.37,1348.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think readers have any notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1349.35,1351.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that could even be a possibility,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1351.33,1353.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think with some hardworking graduate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1353.25,1355.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the journalism school Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1355.76,1358.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is out there looking for truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1358.0,1359.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just Had to say that,\n(crowd laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1361.64,1363.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me get back here now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1363.35,1364.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I have a lot of problems with that at time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1364.92,1367.778"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was so influential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1367.778,1369.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1369.34,1370.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's deeper.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1370.62,1371.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So even before the talks began,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1372.76,1373.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Pentagon was already emphasizing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1373.897,1375.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and possibility of a solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1375.62,1377.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And justice preliminary talks were 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examples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1553.835,1554.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but just to bring it down to less you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1554.98,1557.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think there's something highfalutin about 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vigilante","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1709.99,1711.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"privileged J's target only communists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1711.64,1713.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The term has actually proven to be very elastic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1713.83,1716.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"covering peasants, demanding land reform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1716.91,1719.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Farm Workers Organizing Unions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1719.14,1721.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Human Rights Activists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1721.23,1722.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and priests and like Christian workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1722.7,1724.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who preach social justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1724.37,1726.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, anyone who chooses not to join the vigilante group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1727.95,1732.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was threatened is in danger of being branded a communist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1732.55,1736.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exactly one year 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poor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1741.877,1746.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or very large poor neighborhood of Manila,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1746.33,1748.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many poor neighborhoods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1749.336,1750.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and no, this is the most famous of these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1750.169,1752.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"South Midas has being the correspondent there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1752.47,1755.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'd just like to quote a few things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1755.05,1756.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from it because I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1756.54,1758.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this comes from the New York times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1758.06,1759.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So imagine how bad the reality must be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1759.5,1761.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it's described this blatantly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1761.45,1763.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm quoting her now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1764.43,1765.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brigadier General Ramon Montana says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1765.28,1769.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Civilian vigilante groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1770.347,1772.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dub crusaders for peace and democracy are being formed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1772.01,1775.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the government to eradicate legal organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1775.51,1778.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the labor, student, urban poor religious,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1778.43,1781.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other calls or if it sectors those coats.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1781.5,1784.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Further down the story talking about a Major Meganta.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1785.42,1789.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm just reading out from the New York times here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1790.14,1792.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it says Major Meganta said, \"He would not stop here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1792.12,1795.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that targets of the vigilante groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1795.2,1797.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would even include members of the people's party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1797.1,1799.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this was before the local elections,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1800.773,1802.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we were talking about a few minutes ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1802.23,1804.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a legal left wing political 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that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1828.2,1830.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The vigilante groups would include even children.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1830.217,1833.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quote, \"We will use these children as an intelligence 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82","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1982.27,1986.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than contain the leftist insurgency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=1986.01,1990.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I actually 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plead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2244.86,2246.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ignorance of what was happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2246.86,2248.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The New York Banks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2252.55,2253.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to which the country owes about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2253.43,2254.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a quarter of it's external debt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2254.62,2255.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have yield at virtually no ground in terms of repayment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2255.96,2259.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the terms of repayment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2259.67,2261.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indeed Aquino's unconditional commitment to pay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2261.4,2264.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably encouraged them to give the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2264.17,2266.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less attractive terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2266.99,2268.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I have given to Mexico and Argentina","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2268.61,2270.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in recent negotiations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2270.71,2272.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could we schedule dev 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projecting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2280.42,2282.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that from 1987 through 1992,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2282.96,2286.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the total capital outflow due","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2286.45,2288.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to payments on the foreign debt will come to $19.8 billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2288.92,2293.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hopefully interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2295.092,2296.826"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the inflow of capital from all sources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2296.826,2299.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during that same period is expected to total only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2299.7,2302.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$5.3 billion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2302.767,2303.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making the Philippines a net capital exporter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2303.697,2306.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the tune of 14 and a half billion dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2306.95,2309.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How this is happening in many third world countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2310.46,2313.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed the world bank instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2313.673,2315.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is getting more repayments from third world countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2315.89,2320.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and interest and some payments on principle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2320.18,2323.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of it's lending this year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2323.03,2325.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A billion dollars more coming in than (mumble) are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2326.649,2329.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Philippines is why we're dramatic players,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2329.89,2332.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this drain of capital from the third world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2332.01,2334.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, when you think about 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government's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2339.64,2343.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"readiness to pledge itself to repay that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2343.11,2345.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in order to ensure that there would be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2345.29,2348.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Philippines that would be trusted to get new loans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2348.433,2351.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that there would be foreign investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2351.88,2354.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e God!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2354.47,2355.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Joseph:\u003c/strong\u003e $15 billion net outflow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2355.303,2357.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it worth it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2357.33,2358.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you keep that in 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complex,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2552.54,2557.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the controversial issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2557.25,2558.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she left all of that to the new Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2558.8,2561.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as anybody could tell you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2561.57,2563.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Congress is going to win this elite democracy system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2563.31,2566.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I already told you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2566.83,2568.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be dominated by landowners,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2568.41,2570.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you don't expect landowners to do land reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2570.48,2573.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surprisingly Congress, after about a year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2575.62,2578.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being in June of this year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2578.64,2580.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"issued what it called, comprehensive the growers reform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2580.64,2583.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2584.288,2585.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with many of the seated landed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2586.64,2589.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people in that Congress saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2589.88,2591.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh this is an awful law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2591.137,2593.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sense that it's going to pick our land, et cetera.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2593.04,2596.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they have learned 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reform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2600.77,2602.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all scream bloody murder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2602.87,2604.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though you're really laughing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2604.3,2606.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went to a meeting shortly before this of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2606.48,2609.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sugar planters with the seven members of Congress,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2609.16,2613.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representing their problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2613.42,2615.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seven or big sugar planters themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2615.66,2618.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was there at their meeting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2618.33,2619.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a wonderful what Americans can do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2619.56,2621.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Philippines in terms of the places will let you be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2621.239,2623.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were basically everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2623.6,2625.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but popping the champagne bottles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2625.3,2626.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking about how wonderful this was all working out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2626.87,2630.646"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because this law has so many loopholes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2630.646,2634.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so many limitations exceptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2634.47,2637.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could spend an hour talking to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2637.04,2639.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just about all the crazy ways that not crazy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2639.28,2643.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, the very clever way they have built in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2643.01,2646.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make sure that no one who wants to be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2646.08,2648.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"escaping this land reform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2648.83,2650.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will have any difficulty doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2650.29,2652.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The multinationals like Del Monte and Dole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2652.54,2655.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were very happy with the law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2655.14,2657.304"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All really requires tension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2657.304,2660.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we have to say this whole thing is so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2660.08,2662.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"structured with clauses and qualifications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2662.29,2665.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth but the worst scenario for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2665.91,2668.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think they would actually like to get on with it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2668.55,2670.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that they will no longer be leasing their land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2670.283,2673.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the government of the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2673.12,2675.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but from some private rich Filipinos or individual Filipino","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2675.0,2680.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but from some small landowners in the area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2680.06,2684.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will have in less power vis-a-vis 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these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2688.47,2690.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50,008, one Del Monte plantation alone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2691.983,2694.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50,000 acres plant on pineapple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2694.96,2697.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's you're from Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2698.29,2699.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you what a farm 50,000 acres,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2699.85,2701.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so track and you've ever seen pineapples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2701.42,2703.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're planted right next to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2703.25,2705.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dense is corn 50,000 acres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2705.7,2708.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The vast majority of the countryside have no 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center,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2714.48,2717.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and left coalition of rural organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2717.71,2719.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even if Aquino pulls out of this law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2719.99,2722.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain cosmetic changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2722.69,2724.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you really get into those,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2724.93,2726.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can tell you some of the ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2726.31,2727.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think tricks that she will like to try to pull out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2727.27,2731.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will be a far cry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2731.46,2732.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from anything needed to contain the worst than,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2732.41,2734.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social eruptions in the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2734.74,2736.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"characterized by the worst distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2736.59,2738.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of land ownership in East Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2738.74,2740.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No country in East Asia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2740.74,2742.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has more land reform laws on the book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2742.88,2745.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and worse inequalities and land ownership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2745.81,2748.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2748.25,2749.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this was not the first there were 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Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2753.69,2755.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Republic started 1946.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2755.317,2758.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it seems to be an old parliament.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2758.4,2760.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the land reform laws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2760.08,2761.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done by the U.S. Congress,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2761.58,2763.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it was a colony,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2763.02,2764.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which actually wound up putting land into the hands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2764.11,2767.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the elites, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2767.45,2768.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"land reform in reverse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2768.81,2769.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's none other than Mrs. Aquino's key supporter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2769.97,2774.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the U.S. Congress representative solex,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2774.71,2777.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who mockingly occasionally in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2777.55,2779.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philippine process called Governor General Solex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2779.58,2782.659"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2782.659,2783.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He wants a Warren that Coke,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2783.492,2785.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Philippines will see either agrarian reform,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2785.39,2787.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or agrarian revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2787.76,2789.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now finally, the fifth area is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2790.57,2794.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all important area of U.S. Philippine relations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2794.07,2797.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particularly the U.S. military basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2797.4,2799.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The politics of liberalization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2800.47,2802.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Washington has pursued in the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2802.39,2805.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hales is one of it's key concerns,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2805.21,2807.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the creation of a stable political environment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2807.75,2810.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=2811.087,2812.853"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25168/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/168/original/AV203788_Philippines_After_Marcos_a.vtt?1620122786","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/168/original/AV203788_Philippines_After_Marcos_a.vtt?1620122786"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25169","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203788_Philippines_After_Marcos_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116/transcript/25169/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Moderator] Thank you for coming tonight, for tonight's speaker. I just like to encourage everybody to go to tomorrow's events. We have a slide and lecture show, in the China question and the new administration by Alan Chadwick at 12:00 in the Pioneer room, film radio beginning at 3:00 PM in the Pioneer room, and lecture by Glenn Allay at 8:PM in sunroom. Joseph Collins finished his graduate education, in public policy at Columbia University, has spent extensive time conducting field research in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. He is the co-author of several books including, Aid as Obstacle, World Hunger: Ten myths, and what difference could revolution make, food and farming and new in the Nicaragua, a book which examined some of the agricultural changes, which have taken place since this Mosley dictatorship, was toppled by the Nicaraguan people in 1979. And he has just finished a book concerning the very topic of tonight's speech. Finally, he is co-founder of the Institute for Food, and Developmental Policy, a non-profit research and education center in San Francisco, which works to identify the root causes of world hunger, and food problems and educate public development. So then please welcome Joseph Collins.\r\n\r\n- [Joseph] When I got the invitation to be here, and noticing that it was precisely that I would be arriving on election day. I thought that I would probably be a good place to be and I see I wasn't wrong. That's pretty good, I got out of California, for painfully obvious reasons, this day in fact, it makes me think of Vice President George Bush, and his state visit to Manila back in 1981. I believe it was, he was there to convey, the best wishes of the American people, to the surprisingly re-elected Ferdinand Marcos, as it was surprising if you know how rigged the elections were, the scene was truly memorable. Vice President Bush conveyed the endorsement, and quite sincerely, it was the most emphatic endorsement of a Philippine administration ever made. And he conveyed it, at a celebration at the Natal Park for Marcos's victory, overhead there were a U.S. donated fighter jets in the Philippine armed forces. And down below surrounding the terrorists were 1000 voice choir singing Handel's benediction, and he shall reign forever and ever, this is ... I'm not making this up. Then Vice President Bush, cloud and a flower drape be wrong about that farmer Filipinos shirt. Raised his glass and declared. And I'm quoting exactly. \"We stand with you, sir, We love your adherence to democratic principles, and to the democratic processes.\" So that gives you an idea of, where the president elect stands on democracy. We got a lot of turf to cover tonight. I've been asked to talk about really, where is the Philippines at today? almost three years into the Aquino Administration. And I'm gonna try to do this, with my glasses on for one thing, but I'm also going to try to do it, in the context of the overall theme of our conference about the Pacific rim, and what challenges is presents to our country. Because I say it's well, it's been about three years or so since the self-styled pragmatist, in our state department, gained the upper hand from the right-wing ideologues, at the White House National Security Council. And you can imagine who some of those people are, are these Ralph polar takers. They accurately perceive that, despite a 14 year policy, of the United States doing everything possible, to show up Mr. Marcos, the dictatorship was simply unraveling. They were alarmed by the highly unstable situation, and most of all, by the rise of an armed, and nationalist revolutionary movement, which increasingly was able to project itself as the only viable opposition, to Marcos's arbitrary repressive rule, based off to the views, political polarization, and outmaneuver the nationalist movement, by developing a multi-class opposition, with a liberal and hopefully even a populous image. The widow of a Aquino, Corazon Aquino seen the answer to their wildest dreams, with her, the United States was able in the words of one former ambassador to Manila, to quote, \"Save the Reagan administration from its worst instincts and stop it from snatching defeat from the jaws of victory.\" which is what the old, what the ideological Maximus as they're also called in the white house would have done. They would have stuck if Ronald Reagan, wanted to with Ferdinand Marcos. But now it is well over two years since Mrs.Aquino was born to power, my abroad but unwieldy multi-class coalition, initially portrayed widely both in the Philippines and internationally as virtually all things to all men, Aquino has over the last two years, shared her image, of being an upper class, populist reformer, and taking stands that have clearly defined her government as responsive, mainly to the interests of the elite, the military and the United States. In putting the weight of the United States, behind Mrs. Aquino, the state department pragmatists thought they were securing long-term stability in the Philippines. In fact, what they have purchased in the Philippines, can hardly be described as lasting stability. And that's really the theme of what I'll be laying out here tonight. For any serious look at five areas for President Aquino was expected to undertake major initiative, democratic government, civilian-military relations, the insurgency economic policy, and U.S.-Philippine relations. Any survey of what she has done in these areas, which show that for the most part, she has embraced conservative programs, that may achieve fragile equilibrium in the short run, but actually contribute to deepening the underlines the actual crisis of Philippine society. So first theory of democratic government. Now Mrs.Aquino ran against Marcos precisely, but the promise of bringing about democratic governments, and this struck a lot of responsive chords in various classes in the Philippines. And in fact, it's in this area that by most accounts, Mrs. Aquino gets high marks, for what she has done, much to do has been made in the media layer and abroad, about the plebiscite on the constitution, that her handpicked commissioned wrote, and about the congressional and local mayor, and governor election, all of which were held during her second year in office. But for instance, take a look at that Congress, took a look at the social origins of the newly elected house of representatives, reveal the reality behind the formal mechanisms of electrol democracy. But I'm referring to just give you one image of this is that 92% of the 200 members of Congress, are big landowners. In short, Aquino has essentially restored the system of elite democracy that Marcos had dismantled, in 1972. Formal democracy in the Philippines before Martial law, before 1972, provided factions of the league with a means of competing, relatively peacefully for political office. At the same time, it afforded the poor majority, the illusion of democratic choice, that is ability to choose among different elite candidates, and different elite political parties. Politics in this system was extremely competitive. A lot of sounded light and not a few killings. Yep, popular energies worked for the most part mobilized, not along class lines but along what we might call patron client lines be that landlord tenant, employer, employee, kinship and regional lines. No president had ever been re-elected prior to Ferdinand Marcos, by having himself re-elected in 1969, and by monopolizing political power in 1972 by declaring Martial law, and using the military as a instrument of his personal power Marcos upset the fragile equilibrium of intro elite politics in which power virtually rotated, among different elite faction. Marcos promised, this is very important to understand. He promised major reforms, particularly agrarian reform, and other redistributive reforms, in order to enlist popular support for his stomping on elite democracy. When he failed to deliver, the conditions were created for the emergence of the broad multi-class Alliance, that eventually drove him from power, and paved the way for the return to the old order. Now from the viewpoint of the United States, the restoration of elite democracy, has seemed to work well. Electro energies damned up for some 14 years were released. The constitution that I mentioned was drafted by a handpick commission, was approved by over 75% of those who voted, despite the fact that the leftest national democratic fund front had urged a no vote. This was pleasing to the United States. In the congressional races in May, 1987, Leftist candidates were defeated nearly everywhere, and old boy elite politicians won the vast majority of seats in both the house and the Senate. Thanks to the combination of the elites, millions of pesos for campaigning, high media visibility and bribes, the continuing strong influence of the patron client relationships. There's a saying, \"Vote or uproot.\" It comes out veteran Tagalog. And basically that means if you're a tenant farmer, you get the message on whom you were to vote for, and you do that or else you're off that land, as well as the less own ambivalence toward the whole electoral process, and ambivalence in the left on whether you would post candidates, and they did create this legal party called the people's party, in order to actually try to win office, or do you run in the campaign, really with the idea that, winning is not the thing, but using it as a vehicle for public education, around the program of the left. And that was a tension within the left, which exacerbated it's a weakness, Vis-a-vis these other factors that I mentioned. But the seeds of future instability or so, and by the very strength of elite democracy, the system of governments, as we have seen generates the illusion of democracy, at the formal political level, in an effort to paper over the reality of social, and economic inequality extreme inequality, the process might stabilize the society rent by deep inequalities for a time, but the combination of weak economic growth, and the absence of redistributive reforms, will sooner or later a road to stabilizing the effects, of elite a localism. Elite democracy might then be perceived by ordinary Filipinos as a state of political paralysis, rather than an acceptable system of representation. In fact, to remind us again, Marcos in 1972, was able to effectively use the fact of massive poverty and inequality, to denounce what he called the democratic deadlock, of the Pre-Martial law elite democracy. He installed. The Marcos is not from the elite, he installed without too much opposition, from a population grown cynical with elite parliamentarism, a dictatorship promising social and economic reform, unless there is a major change, in the distribution of wealth and power in the near future. A new round of disaffection with sterile upper class democracy is likely to ensue, but its beneficiaries this time, will probably not be discredited authoritarian right? But the left, which is all momentarily on the political defensive, remains resourceful and resilient. Second key area, in which something was expected of Aquino, was in the area of relations between the military, and the civilian sector. The Aquino regime power, however, is not purely a restoration of a elite democracy, as it was before Martial law, there was a very vital difference, and that is that the elected civilian officials, must now share power, with the unelected bloated armed forces, just numerically. The armed forces have increased six, seven fold during that period of Martial law in those 14 years. And it's a military that has gained a sense that it is the guardian of the nation. That's what Marcos kept imbuing in them. And then as I say, they are the most significant branch probably of the government, but certainly they're the most significant on the elective branch in government. And this is a new ballgame therefore, the point of coming to power, many of the Aquino's liberal aids expected her to move decisively to de-politicize, in the sense I've just been referring to their politicization, the military, and to establish clear cuts civilian supremacy, which is a correspondence in the constitution and so forth. Well, she clearly has not succeeded, in retrospect, despite their sensible failure, the especially August 28th, 1987, attempted coup and the four other coup attempts, of 1986, 87, functioned as stages on the way to a ground political compromise, the sway that both by popular support for Aquino and the U.S. Embassy, the armed forces of the Philippines have not taken the road of installing themselves, as the countries directing elite. The embassy said that wouldn't look good in Washington. That wouldn't look good in Congress. It wouldn't look good for our image. Speaking of the embassy's sense of what our image should be worldwide, but neither has the armed forces given the president it's unconditional loyalty. The resolving political arrangement, is one in which the military has recognized so-called civilian supremacy, and accommodated itself to the existence of elite democracy, but only on the condition that Aquino gave it as she did, a blank check in the conduct of the counterinsurgency. Anna D' basically recognize the armed forces as a state within a state, and that the armed forces, therefore in this sense of a state within a state, has a beetle power over vital areas of national policy. This modal speak then, do they indeed could be described as elite democracy, form military Beetles power. One of my favorite Filipino commentators, in the Filipino press Sheila Coronel, have called this a Falcon Barbara, one in which Aquino has for the moment succeeded in gaining the backing of all, but the most extremist and self-seeking friends, of the armed forces, but it is a fast team bargain. She's really playing with fire. Now, another consequences, and what's so important to understand about the Philippines today is the level of repression, that the military is engaged in the countryside, in particular, but also in some non the popular sectors in urban areas. Military and military backward pressure is in fact it's essentially complimentary to the practice of elite democracy, in a society marked by severe social discontent, electrical competition can become very intense, without becoming destabilizing in such a society, if it takes place in an environment, that has already been politically sanitized, politically policed, that is where anti-elite candidates with programs that really talk about reform, have been driven from the electoral arena, by the threat of violence, by the threat of assassination, in other forms of physical violence. This was the case very much during the local elections of January, 1988. I was in the Philippines during that time, and for quite a time before that, when there was fevers competition for those among candidates from the various elect elite political parties and factions, but no one dare to run bearing the standard of the people's party, about a year or so before, when you talked to people on the left, they you said that, \"They would be using the people's party very much especially on the local election.\" I was in many areas of the country, that's where they had a lot of strength. Keep in mind that for instance, the senate elections in the Philippines are run, nationally at large, you don't run as a senator of such and such a problem, or equivalent of a state, but you you elect, in the Philippines senators for the nation. And the left felt that in that sort of ballgame big money access to the media, all those things would work against them, and it would be helpful but come January, 1988, local elections there they felt they'd have much more chance especially in quite a few problems is where they have significant presence. We got to January, 1988. There weren't even any candidates from the people's party. What this speaks to is the fact that, whether I call the senatesation, or the policing of the political arena, people are frightened to death, to run in this legal party, 'cause indeed Aquino had said, \"To the left why don't you illegal political party?\" Cheap power would refuse to legalize the communist party but she said, \"Formal legal party and be part of this wonderful electoral life we have here.\" Well, they formed the party and then found out that, it was a death sentence to be associated with it. The third area is the insurgency, where I would say we have a new rhetoric and old tactics. And the first month of her government, Corazon Aquino declared as a priority, to get achievement of peace settlement, with the insurgent national democratic fund. The MDF reciprocated or expressed as arc, or negotiated settlement. And the world's a 60 day ceasefire period, somewhat Scotty but there was one with some formal peace talks to get underway, but these peace talks achieved nothing, from the outset, Aquino refused to put on to the table, issues beyond the terms of rebel surrender and rehabilitation, and reintegration into society. Rebel said, \"We don't talk about land reform, we've got to talk about the relationship of our country here with United States.\" We got to talk about the needs this country has for some sovereignty, other issues like Oh, we just want to talk about your surrender. Well, that doesn't make for much of a negotiation certainly shoots it in the foot. Moreover, the collapse of the peace talks, was precipitated not only by the armed forces, determination to wreck them, but also by the pressure from the United States, and X years from now, when we come, if we're, you're still able, and it's quite possible, or not at that point to get under the freedom of information act the cables going between the embassy, and the state department so forth at this time, I think we will see that, the U.S. was really very much behind the Aquino Palace and seeing that these talks would , even before the talks began, but Pentagon was already, a number of spokespersons and so forth, and stories through the New York times, emphasizing impossibility of the solution. In fact, shortly around this time, shortly after the New York times did a series of stories and the New York times, determines more than any other publication, how foreign policy is perceived and made, and so forth in this Country, they rand a series of stories on, this terrible communist armed new people's army, and what a threat it is to the United States, and those articles were authored by for training. The New York times is not even think it's ethically, right to tell it's readers, that Bern trainer is a retired general in the United States Marine Corps. I don't think readers have any notion that that could even be a possibility, but I think with some hardworking graduate of the journalism school Iowa State, who is out there looking for truth. I just Had to say that, let me get back here now. Well, I have a lot of problems with that at time, but it was so influential. That's the problem? That's deeper. So even before the talks began, the Pentagon was already emphasizing, and possibility of a solution. And justice preliminary talks were long, the Reagan administration looked to scuttled them, with one official telling Aquino via the New York times. That's another thing, you know, we communicate via the New York times, to foreign governments, that quote, \"She had to make this peace effort and she has made it, and it's time to move on.\" Get on the plane. As the talks proceeded pressure was kept up against the liberals in the Aquino's cabinet. Now, the liberals and Aquino's cabinet have been removed, in 70 of them by pressures on her. In my opinion of why there were some People concern members in her cabinet in the first place is that, because her husband was put in prison by Marco's, she became intensively involved with human rights lawyer. And then when she became president, some of these people who had soul befriended her in that situation and her husband, she put in her cabinet, but these are the people who then were removed, in pretty short order as these coup attempts. Some so-called unsuccessful coup attempts, but I think you'd be with, from this overall perspective, you will see them as successful coup attempts. The armed forces of Philippine Pentagon White House pressure successfully derailed peace progress, by March, 1987, a little over a month after the 60 day Seastar, Aquino was telling the army that, the quote, \"Answer to terrorism of the left and right is not social and economic reform, but police and military action.\" And we could quote many speeches now, that she has given them the last year, and a half on shaving the sword, and give me honorable victories. And now she's just another civilian general in this sense, a major concern of the Pentagon and the state department has been quote to professionalize the armed forces of the Philippines, so that it would and what this means for them. So that would apply repressive violence, selectively and strategically boys, instead of doling out the random and indiscriminate violence that made it so unpopular during the Marcos era, this led to the development of a new counter-insurgency strategy. This strategy combined folk surgical targeting of gorillas and supportive communities with sophisticated intelligence work, and with the deployment of so-called special operations teams, designed to win the hearts and binds, through civic action, and rural engineering projects, got a bunch of dentists and you send them into an area and you get free teeth extractions and fillings the people. I mean, this is concretely what the story is that you and good ship hope, you use that sort of thing. Use Navy doctors and dentists of the United States, to work with in areas where the insurgency has gone, zillions of examples, but just to bring it down to less you think there's something highfalutin about these, winning of hearts and minds. That's all part of the counterinsurgency, now from the viewpoint of Pentagon, this idea that it could professionalize the armed forces of the Philippines, was seen as the ideal to be achieved. But I think even they are realist on this sort of thing, and Harvard few illusions about, how easily the old abusive armed forces the Philippine dog, would be able to learn new tricks. Indeed, the AFP's performance continues to be dismal from the viewpoint of the ideal, integration of political and military dimensions of counterinsurgency, which is what the United States see. For despite several spectacular intelligence breakthroughs against the insurgence, as well as the fledgling civic action ventures. Like what I just mentioned, army units continue to employ quick fix solutions, in quotes, \"Of course, involving indiscriminate violence against peasants and other civilians.\" In fact, according to Amnesty International, 60% of the stores of so-called illegal killing, Amnesty International was able to document during the first two years of the Aquino government, who are committed five members of the armed forces, the other 40% were attributed to military back, civilian so-called vigilante groups. Think of them as desk squads, often with a strong tinge of fundamentalists. It's shameful to call it Christianity, but that kind of wrapping off, and in a country like the Philippines is used with these desk squads, killing Tommy's crossed, that spread like wildflower fire through the country in 1987. And at one point I think it was really a low point in Aquino's Champion of this sort of thing. She referred to the vigilante groups, and she went to an area of the country, where they had been so indiscriminately killing anybody, who was accused of being a communist, anybody who's standing up for justice, including priests and other Christians . She said, \"Vigilante groups are people's power.\" Which is the phrase that had emerged so much during the events that led to the flight of the Marcoses. These vigilante groups now numbering some 200 groups, are recruited from a variety of circle, classic situation, including unemployed, young people, religious fanatics, disaffected new people's are army people, throughout the military says their vigilante privileged J's target only communists. The term has actually proven to be very elastic, covering peasants, demanding land reform, Farm Workers Organizing Unions, Human Rights Activists, and priests and like Christian workers who preach social justice. Indeed, anyone who chooses not to join the vigilante group, was threatened is in danger of being branded a communist, exactly one year ago. Today that New York times, ran a piece on the vigilante groups in a poor, or very large poor neighborhood of Manila, and many poor neighborhoods, and no, this is the most famous of these, South Midas has being the correspondent there. And I'd just like to quote a few things from it because I think, this comes from the New York times. So imagine how bad the reality must be, if it's described this blatantly, and I'm quoting her now, Brigadier General Ramon Montana says, \"Civilian vigilante groups, dub crusaders for peace and democracy are being formed by the government to eradicate legal organization, in the labor, student, urban poor religious, and other calls or if it sectors those coats.\" Further down the story talking about a Major Meganta. And I'm just reading out from the New York times here it says Major Meganta said, \"He would not stop here, but that targets of the vigilante groups, would even include members of the people's party. And this was before the local elections, as we were talking about a few minutes ago, a legal left wing political party that accepted an early invitation of President Aquino, to abandon the underground, and joined mainstream politics. Sorry, you're down the story quote, \"Already this evening in one group of Pando residents that's this neighborhood, hundreds of thousands of poor people leaders of the community self-help organizations were seeking shelter from police race.\" We're farther down the story Major Meganta said that, \"The vigilante groups would include even children.\" Quote, \"We will use these children as an intelligence asset for his curves further down the story, as evening fell leaders of one of the private groups of slums while there's called concerned parents for community development, eight sandwiches at a church headquarters, afraid to return to their neighborhood, because the police had made two sweeps there that day.\" They said, \"And it turns always puts in.\" They said, \"The group had been for a year ago, as a response to a shortage of government services, and help day care, water and electricity.\" So even the New York times is saying, \"Poor people, seeing that the government is not doing a thing to help them with the most fundamental needs.\" You can think of materially speaking, organizes something called concerned parents, for the development of the neighborhood. And they become targets of police suites. That's what's going on. My wild card carrying members of anti-civil liberty organizations like Retired General John Singlo, have been enthusiastic about these vigilante groups and other paramilitary organizations in the Philippines. A number of prominent U.S. Officials are beginning, to have some douts, and they are increasingly aware of the problems, that such groups can pose, for the politics of keeping the lid on change. Even Secretary of State Schultz, who at first endorsed Aquino's, on supported the vigilantes, and shortly after she made the statement about people's power. Then visiting the Philippines in June, 1987. And I think being briefed by some people in the embassy and the CIA, he said, \"When he got back to Washington, and testified before the senate, but the vigilantes constitute, \"Dangerous trend,\" because, 'They tend to take the law, into their own hands.\" And Rt.General Richard Stilwell until recently a senior Pentagon official, warned that the vigilante groups or coat a mixed blessing, in the short term are welcome in. He says, \"They're a mixed blessing in the short term, they welcome augmentation.\" You called it. But in the longer term potential source of problems, as they are generally not responsive, to duly constituted the authority. So, it's concerns of U.S. the ability managers, would seem well founded, if one considers the Philippine, experience in light of the U.S. experience in El Salvador. There are waves of killing by death squads in 1980, 82 rather than contain the leftist insurgency. I actually expanded, it so that the U.S. was forced to reign in the right win Pistoleros by 1983. The fourth area that I want to focus on a little bit is, the economic front on the economic front. Aquino has committed herself, to fundamental continuity with the old regime. This policy of continuity is in fact personified, in the governor of the central bank, Joseph Fernandez who was the governor under Marcos and is now still the governor under Aquino. In fact, he has outlasted most of the other people appointed to Aquino original cabinet, like Marcos is technocrats, the Aquino's development planners, indeed the Aquino's technocrats, that's one thing I'm trying to make a subtle difference, also regarding substantial economic aid, and foreign investment to be essential factors in development, 'cause aid missions were dispatched to margin in Tokyo in Europe, and a great deal of effort expanded, spending in pacifying labor and quote, \"Institutionalizing stable labor management relations, in order to attract U.S. and Japanese capital scared off, by the image of an unstable Philippines.\" Aquino's type of products immediately embraced the program of exposing local industry to the so-called, wins of international competition. It's a big phrase with the world bank, the IMF and you know, the Milton Friedman and indeed the whole Reagan, free marketeers cry. So one of the first things that, the Aquino Administration did was remove, a whole slew of terror protections on the very weak anyway, industries in the Philippines. Now this is something that Marcos's technocrats, we're in the process of trying to do, but they encountered opposition from Marcos cronies, and for Marcos the owner of some of these industries. So they never got it in front of Aquino. You get this in that sense, less corrupt and therefore more able to apply the IMF world bank four minutes. Aquino's conservative economic recovery program is said to be responsible for the slightly over 6% growth rate registered in 1986 and 87. This did not however, make up for the ground lost in 1984 and 85. When the economy contracted by 10%, moreover, it gave Docker Sackable boost, in the living standards of the 60% of the Filipino people who live in poverty, too many erstwhile Aquino backers, including some at least once in her inner circle, but faster in power of widespread poverty, and gaping inequality could be addressed, only by decisive action on two fronts, two very important fronts, the foreign debt and land reform in both areas. Aquino's actions proved to be very disappointing, to her constituents who were reform oriented. Unlike her counterparts in Latin America, with the interesting exception of the Sandinista government, that came to power in Nicaragua in 79. Aquino made an unconditional, promise early on in her presence of the scene, to repay the Philippine Gargantuan foreign debt of $29 billion. She wasted no time and saying, \"We'll pay it all.\" But commandment has had very serious negative implications for the Philippines ability to develop, in 1987, the country's debt service payments, came to a staggering $2.9 billion. That's a equivalent to 10% of the total national income. And it's a sum that Wharf total foreign aid, from all sources of about a billion dollars a year. Few Filipinos understand it, and this really is cutting through many plans, it help any understanding of why the Philippines has to assume responsibility for this massive burden, since interview Marcos and his cronies incurred the debt without regard to national welfare, and indeed channel the substantial part of that money, to private bank accounts, real estate investments in Hawaii, San Francisco and New York and so forth. And the bankers, the lenders, can hardly in their opinion plead ignorance of what was happening. The New York Banks, to which the country owes about a quarter of it's external debt, have yield at virtually no ground in terms of repayment, on the terms of repayment, indeed Aquino's unconditional commitment to pay, probably encouraged them to give the Philippines less attractive terms. Then I have given to Mexico and Argentina in recent negotiations, could we schedule dev payments? It should come to no surprise then, that given the fact that the terms really, have not been substantially altered, but the government of the Philippines was projecting that from 1987 through 1992, the total capital outflow due to payments on the foreign debt will come to $19.8 billion. Hopefully interesting. Well, the inflow of capital from all sources during that same period is expected to total only $5.3 billion, making the Philippines a net capital exporter to the tune of 14 and a half billion dollars. How this is happening in many third world countries. Indeed the world bank instance, is getting more repayments from third world countries, and interest and some payments on principle, and all of it's lending this year. A billion dollars more coming in than are. And Philippines is why we're dramatic players, in this drain of capital from the third world. Now, when you think about this, in case of the Philippines, it makes up sir, the idea that the Aquino government's readiness to pledge itself to repay that, was in order to ensure that there would be, a Philippines that would be trusted to get new loans, and that there would be foreign investment.\r\n\r\n- [Man] God!\r\n\r\n- [Joseph] $15 billion net outflow. Is it worth it? If you keep that in mind, and needless to say such a hemorrhage of scarce capital definitely undermines not only economic development, but sooner or later, the U.S. desired political stability in the Philippines. Now, it's at least as disappointing, Aquino's performance on the foreign debt front, has been on this other vital area, of land reform, which is undoubtedly the single most, vital and talked about issues, from the viewpoint of most Filipinos, 70% of the Filipinos live in the countryside, about 85% of the people working in agriculture in the Philippines do not own the land ? Many of them being tenants, and typically a tenant gives half, or even up to three quarters of what he produces, what she produces to the low absentee level, even though the tenant, the peasant bears the risk, often has to buy some good part of the inputs and so forth. But it's not surprising that 70% of the rural children, in the Philippines are thought to never get enough to eat, even though their families might be producing rice and other foods, While campaigning for the presidency, Aquino to comments from the premier, or one of the premier, landed families in the Philippines said that, \"Her top priority would be land reform.\" In Marcos divided that saying, \"Look she's such a big land on what's she talking about land reform.\" She said, \"Well, if I am president, I'm going to make my family, And she owns a bit through four brothers and sisters the largest by far sugar plantation in the Philippines, several times larger than many rich families plantations.\" She said that, \"She'd make it a model of land reform.\" Well, she hasn't done either well, during her first 17 months, during which career she had, in a sense, absolute legal power. There was no Congress. She could decree law, something many presidents in the world, fast size having as power. Yeah, she took no action to fulfill her promise. And she had said, \"This was her number one priority.\" In fact, up until a virtual year into her administration she refused to meet with any farmers. In fact, When farmers, after trying to meet with her so many times, demonstrating in front of the palace and the palace guards in cold blood, and I mean Army killed 17 farmers. Then a few days later, she met for the first time, with some farmers organization, shortly before the new Congress assembled in July, 1987. So, about 18 months into her administration, she issued with fanfare, and executive order that she called comprehensive the grand reform. But it was in fact meaningless. I call it a toothless tiger, because it left all the essential issues, such as what would be the maximum amount of land that people could hold. What would be the compensation? What would be the scheduling of time of which is All the real Forney only sense of complex, but the controversial issues, she left all of that to the new Congress. And as anybody could tell you, the Congress is going to win this elite democracy system, as I already told you, be dominated by landowners, and you don't expect landowners to do land reform. Surprisingly Congress, after about a year, being in June of this year, issued what it called, comprehensive the growers reform, for a law. And with many of the seated landed, people in that Congress saying, \"Oh this is an awful law, in the sense that it's going to pick our land, et cetera.\" I think they have learned that, the way to deal with this situation, is to act like there's a meaning for land reform, all scream bloody murder, even though you're really laughing. And I went to a meeting shortly before this of sugar planters with the seven members of Congress, representing their problems, seven or big sugar planters themselves. And I was there at their meeting, it's a wonderful what Americans can do, and the Philippines in terms of the places will let you be. And they were basically everything but popping the champagne bottles, talking about how wonderful this was all working out, because this law has so many loopholes, so many limitations exceptions. I could spend an hour talking to you, just about all the crazy ways that not crazy. I mean, the very clever way they have built in, to make sure that no one who wants to be, escaping this land reform, will have any difficulty doing it. The multinationals like Del Monte and Dole. They were very happy with the law. All really requires tension, because we have to say this whole thing is so structured with clauses and qualifications, and so forth but the worst scenario for them. And I think they would actually like to get on with it, is that they will no longer be leasing their land, from the government of the Philippines, but from some private rich Filipinos or individual Filipino but from some small landowners in the area, who will have in less power vis-a-vis then, in terms of any number of issues, such as relations with the workers on these, 50,008, one Del Monte plantation alone, 50,000 acres plant on pineapple. And that's you're from Iowa, you what a farm 50,000 acres, so track and you've ever seen pineapples, they're planted right next to each other. Dense is corn 50,000 acres. The vast majority of the countryside have no illusions that this government will deliver the agrarian reform demanded it by a wide center, and left coalition of rural organizations. Even if Aquino pulls out of this law, certain cosmetic changes. And if you really get into those, I can tell you some of the ... I think tricks that she will like to try to pull out. It will be a far cry from anything needed to contain the worst than, social eruptions in the countryside, characterized by the worst distribution of land ownership in East Asia. No country in East Asia, has more land reform laws on the book, and worse inequalities and land ownership than the Philippines, and this was not the first there were about, 15 land reform laws, in the history of the Republic of the Philippines. And the Republic started 1946. And it seems to be an old parliament. If you look at the land reform laws, done by the U.S. Congress, when it was a colony, which actually wound up putting land into the hands of the elites, you know, land reform in reverse. So there's none other than Mrs. Aquino's key supporter in the U.S. Congress representative solex, who mockingly occasionally in the Philippine process called Governor General Solex. He wants a Warren that Coke, the Philippines will see either agrarian reform, or agrarian revolution. Now finally, the fifth area is that, all important area of U.S. Philippine relations, in particularly the U.S. military basis. The politics of liberalization, that Washington has pursued in the Philippines. Hales is one of it's key concerns, the creation of a stable political environment, in order to ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112116#t=0.0,2818.58612"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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bases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=9.3,11.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It might be asking her to do the impossible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=11.66,14.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the preservation the bases has grown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=14.56,16.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increasingly problematic owing to two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=16.47,18.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"related developments I refer to here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=18.628,21.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rising popular opposition to the bases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=21.66,24.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the Philippines and the increased tendencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=24.63,28.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards neutralization in the entire Asia-Pacific region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=28.3,32.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American officials I think were taken 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achieved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=582.49,584.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the formal political independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=584.63,586.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is high time for both Filipinos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=586.65,588.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Americans to bring about a relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=588.53,590.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between two people that was built psychologically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=590.84,593.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and politically healthy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=593.0,594.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here I would like to sketch 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killings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=688.31,691.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or as Filipinos call them and I'm doing a serious phrase,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=691.42,694.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"savages committed by regular troops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=694.68,697.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or irregulars who belong to these vigilante groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=697.45,700.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On October 10th, two human rights 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coalition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=886.23,887.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forcing it to be more responsive to public opinion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=887.95,890.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pressure groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=890.34,891.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That demand genuine civilian supremacy and respect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=891.4,893.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for human rights and the legal 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taxes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=898.38,900.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the population might force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=900.88,902.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the military to be more accountable in it's 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need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=909.24,911.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not for a Marshall plan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=911.07,912.016"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what Solaris runs 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Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=915.46,916.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's very likely that the money from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=916.85,918.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It isn't, it is an and in fact, a scamless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=919.58,923.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spectacle to think that the United States would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=923.95,926.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"behind the plan to raise billions of dollars from Japan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=926.64,930.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"supposedly to aid the people of Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=930.912,933.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That would in fact, from what we've seen of where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=933.333,935.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the capital would go with repayment going largely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=935.87,938.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to private banks and international banking institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=938.42,942.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's ain't no martial plan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=942.15,943.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it makes no sense to pump $10 billion into a country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=944.718,948.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when over the next five years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=948.727,951.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost $20 billion is going to be going out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=951.94,955.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Calls for substantial debt relief are no longer coming just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=956.92,960.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from indebted countries like the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=960.11,961.622"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but from major Western political personalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=961.622,964.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Willy Brandt inside of Jericho Bradley.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=964.07,966.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But warship's response continues to be debt rescheduling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=966.54,970.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in return for implementation of so-called structural reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=970.28,974.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And debt rescheduling just takes the principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=974.01,977.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and backend it 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rescheduled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=983.892,986.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it doesn't do anything but deem to get that grace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=986.47,989.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to do structural reforms as they were called,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=989.43,992.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prescribed by the International Monetary Fund","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=992.42,994.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in most cases have severely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=994.23,995.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in countries where they have been imposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=995.98,999.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cut into the living standards of the middle class","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=999.18,1002.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the poor and triggered economic depression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1002.02,1005.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yet even though the US treasury and the IMF behave","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1005.98,1008.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as stern collection agencies, the banks themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1008.38,1010.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been devouring the third world debt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1010.95,1012.431"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is selling it to corporate buyers at prices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1012.431,1014.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ranging from 50 to 85 cents on the dollar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1014.88,1018.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A Philippine debt relief program to take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1018.84,1020.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its cue from the commercial banks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1020.64,1022.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actively evaluating their third world claims","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1022.04,1025.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as from the Mexican debt repayment agreements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1025.21,1027.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which appear to recognize the principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1027.96,1029.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the debtor's capacity to pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1029.52,1031.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1032.57,1034.032"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have in fact the banks are saying these loans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1034.032,1036.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aren't worth so much, we can discount them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1036.614,1038.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sell them at 50 cents on the 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some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1054.93,1057.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these loans that were so obviously just recycled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1057.192,1060.382"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the banks, that those should be written off the 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going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1066.97,1069.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take some losses rather than display paper profits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1069.82,1072.765"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the not too, you 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servicing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1097.11,1099.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be effective in promoting development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1099.97,1102.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only if internal institutions and structures to 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reforms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1121.07,1123.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially if they're all going land reform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1123.98,1126.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are necessary condition for the effective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1126.23,1128.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"application of funds diverted from debt servicing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1128.33,1131.346"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and funds that might come from future economic aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1131.346,1135.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without this, we are likely to end up with a results similar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1135.07,1138.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those of the 14 years under which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1138.29,1140.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a poured-in under the Marcos regime and flow of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1140.37,1143.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"costs $10 billion in bilateral and multilateral aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1143.427,1146.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Companied by increase much greater even than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1146.747,1150.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the population growth of the numbers of families","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1150.14,1152.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living under the poverty line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1152.65,1154.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about the bases?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1157.225,1158.839"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, unless the United States is prepared to pull","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1158.839,1161.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a Guantanamo and thus risk the odium of being regarded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1161.29,1164.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an international outlaw.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1164.91,1165.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know we still have this wonderful Naval base in Cuba","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1165.963,1170.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we pay for it ,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1171.15,1172.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so utterly useless to the US.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1172.29,1175.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unless it was going to try to do that now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1177.085,1179.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the, on the Pacific rim front.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1179.04,1181.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States should begin that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1181.82,1184.064"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the process of withdrawing its bases from the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1184.064,1187.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for sooner rather than later, it will be asked to move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1187.33,1191.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by some Filipino government, by any Filipino government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1191.24,1194.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not going to take a victory over the left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1194.477,1197.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To the 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it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1202.53,1204.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of forces in the event of withdrawal from the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1204.13,1207.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The base's controversy in 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relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1703.4,1706.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Aquino administration will be forced to go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1706.95,1709.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the forgotten Fountainhead of its legitimacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1709.22,1713.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namely the promise not of elite democracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1713.6,1716.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a genuine substantive democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1716.131,1719.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am sad to say that Washington remains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1721.36,1723.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fundamental obstacle to a Filipino solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1723.657,1727.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Philippine tragedy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1727.48,1729.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1729.199,1730.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(hands clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1730.37,1733.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Happy for any questions and I'll try to see who puts his","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1743.22,1748.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or her hand up the longest and so shall we.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1748.29,1750.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Well I was just wondering, Aquino's first year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1753.769,1754.602"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She is still very idealistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1757.442,1760.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She still has the rebels in the parliament.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1760.513,1763.382"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have any explanation for why she deals with either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1763.382,1766.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"barbarian or at least land reforms?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1766.2,1769.658"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I've only talked to her briefly once","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1769.658,1772.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we did talk a little bit about land reforms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1772.67,1774.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1774.95,1775.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I think first of all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1778.73,1779.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"happened in her campaign aside from just a cynical thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1779.61,1782.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that anybody campaigning in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1782.077,1784.171"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the vast majority of people see themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1784.171,1786.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as impoverished by the type of land structures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1786.91,1789.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have, it'd be a good idea to champion land reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1789.39,1792.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I also think she had speech writers who were much 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that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1797.88,1799.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Cause when you talk with her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1799.62,1800.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she says that land reform would not be efficient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1800.67,1804.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that is minimally a wonderful rationalization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1804.15,1806.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that big landowners often have, \"oh what a tragedy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1806.73,1809.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be to take my plantation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1809.46,1811.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"divided among the workers.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1811.43,1812.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know they wouldn't know how to use the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1812.263,1815.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as effectively as we do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1815.23,1817.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now take Taiwan, which is the nearest country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1817.76,1821.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think to the Philippines, certainly awfully near.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1821.43,1823.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a thorough going land reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1824.82,1827.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sugar is raised in Taiwan typically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1827.61,1830.164"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on farms of a couple acres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1830.164,1834.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mrs. Aquino farms 15,000 acres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1834.21,1837.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The yields in Taiwan in sugar are about 50% greater","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1837.49,1842.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the national yields in the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1843.026,1845.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sugar is grown virtually only certainly milled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1845.507,1850.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sugar to be milled as an ascienda or plantation crop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1850.12,1853.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you know, the big boys and women wants you to think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1853.95,1856.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that their plantations are so wonderfully efficient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1856.87,1859.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but countries in the region that I've had land reforms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1859.94,1862.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in sugar and rice, you name the crop have very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1862.85,1866.238"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"significantly higher yields than the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1866.238,1869.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you know, I can't be in the soul of anybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1869.54,1872.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I got that kind of glimpse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1872.8,1874.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other thing is when you asked her questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1874.43,1875.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about land reform, I asked her three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1875.528,1877.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a press conference once","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1877.93,1878.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I was working with National Public Radio","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1878.763,1880.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing some programs on Land reform with Allen Burlow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1880.99,1883.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To each one she said it is under study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1883.94,1886.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is under 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her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1896.35,1897.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"number one priority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1897.316,1898.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm asking them like, \"what do you think should be done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1898.74,1901.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the multinational and multinational agribusiness?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1901.68,1904.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's under study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1904.29,1905.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(sighs heavily)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1907.593,1909.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know it's now what's going on right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1909.129,1911.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the way is that farmers and others who care","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1911.55,1914.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about these issues, you know farm workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1914.65,1916.039"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and farmers and their allies are taking advantage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1916.039,1919.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the fact that in the new constitution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1919.85,1921.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a clause for citizen initiatives to write a law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1921.64,1926.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have to get X percentage of the voters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1927.81,1930.164"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is something like three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1930.164,1931.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a half million signatures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1931.487,1933.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this reform that they're trying to get through this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1933.42,1937.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have no doubt that they will get those 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them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1967.33,1971.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they thought these were important principles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1971.087,1973.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For instance, they don't 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know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1976.95,1978.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where did this land come from anyway?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1978.414,1980.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But more importantly, they think that they 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labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1984.98,1987.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these people have been remunerated many fold over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1987.5,1990.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore and it's absolutely 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exploitation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1995.32,1998.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they would see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1998.18,1999.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Make themselves quite well off economically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=1999.442,2002.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other sectors and the industry and Manila real estate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2002.17,2004.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you might have to worry about these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2004.74,2006.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the big ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2006.48,2007.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But tactically, they thought it was important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2007.9,2011.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the end to allow for some scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2011.03,2013.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the compensation even crude, the bigger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2013.53,2015.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to some of the bigger ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2015.192,2016.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm just giving one example where the Advocates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2016.647,2020.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of reform the poor of the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2020.38,2021.969"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they really were willing to go that extra block","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2021.969,2024.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to come up with some compromise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2024.95,2027.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2030.548,2031.436"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e In your opening remarks, you quoted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2031.436,2035.062"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a section of news about then vice president Bush.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2035.062,2039.145"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you think that shall we say the specific duties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2044.159,2047.342"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the vice president and ambassador would use different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2047.342,2051.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expression if he was so instructed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2051.72,2054.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other thing is when the beginning had just tied Marcos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2055.796,2060.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you know which way he was going to go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2062.169,2065.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was very promising for him years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2065.443,2069.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e This was 1981 1981,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2069.56,2071.349"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're talking about here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2071.349,2073.621"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is when after 10 years of dictatorship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2073.621,2077.578"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and five years as, six years as president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2077.578,2082.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e That expression would use when he was personal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2082.36,2086.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e No,No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2086.18,2087.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e He still holds view the first thing that those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2087.437,2090.555"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two dictators they could see it as they are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2090.555,2093.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would it be more advisable to tell them exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2093.53,2097.935"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you're paying for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2097.935,2099.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plus and then make influence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2099.836,2102.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the betterment of the people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2103.31,2105.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e Many of the elites in the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2105.69,2108.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again were quite up in arms in every sense of the word","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2108.03,2112.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by 1981 against Marcos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2112.72,2115.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were astounded that the United States would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2115.14,2117.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a sense go so public in affirming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2117.739,2120.586"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was then beginning to be a tottering dictatorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2120.586,2123.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are you just saying that George Bush was a flunky?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2125.291,2127.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I agree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2127.73,2128.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, that's, that's clearly that that aspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2128.563,2130.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of George Bush is there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2130.33,2131.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You tell him to say something and he'll say it, I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2131.5,2134.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you were saying he was dispatched.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2134.03,2135.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He picked the man not to do that for him too","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2136.622,2139.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't feel good being represented this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2139.6,2142.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think most Americans would.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2142.66,2144.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I firmly believe that if most Americans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2144.13,2147.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to confront the human suffering that's caused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2147.02,2149.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the policies that we are so behind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2149.36,2151.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would be absolutely opposed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2151.52,2152.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I mean the vast majority of Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2152.85,2155.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ordinary people in the vast majority of Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2155.33,2157.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ordinary men are not blood suckers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2157.47,2159.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Can I ask you ask you one more question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2161.316,2164.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e You gotta raise your hands then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2164.183,2165.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e The insurgence would say that 60% of murders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2165.71,2168.976"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were committed by Vietnamese, 40% by the Japanese and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2168.976,2173.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"independent killing insurgents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2173.524,2176.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e This is an Amnesty International report","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2176.31,2178.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"precisely on killings that have been done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2178.34,2181.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they call extra judicial killings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2181.711,2184.852"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e What you saying it doesn't make sense for real?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2184.852,2187.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e No, this report wasn't looking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2187.432,2189.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, the insurgents do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2189.39,2191.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But again, that tends to be much more defined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2191.67,2194.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a particular person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2194.5,2196.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they have even had these squads that have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2196.47,2199.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done some killings in Manila.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2199.23,2202.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Numerically it's far fewer people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2203.9,2205.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But indeed they'd see this as a war that they were fighting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2207.69,2210.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have an indications that they voted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2215.159,2217.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the wrong way to disenfranchise?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2217.107,2219.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are the votes not secret?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2221.539,2223.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any likelihood in Manila?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2223.147,2224.875"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e For instance, I was, I had a ascienda","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2224.875,2228.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the local elections in January in Nevgross.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2228.769,2232.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this was a, a town that was near the ascienda","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2234.63,2239.336"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the Aquinos first 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mill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2443.54,2445.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what they said would happen is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2445.11,2446.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it was going to be an election","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2446.99,2448.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for union at a ascienda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2448.89,2451.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few days in advance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2451.54,2453.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a unit of the army would go to that ascienda","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2453.11,2455.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"set up shop there, if you will call the people together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2457.5,2461.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show a film like the killing fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2461.27,2463.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, the USIA , the US information service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2463.51,2465.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been distributing there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2465.72,2468.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lecture the people on the communist threat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2468.16,2469.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Philippines say pull pot is what will happen here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2469.97,2474.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this communist union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2474.15,2475.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go even house to house again like the mill owner settled,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2475.994,2479.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was kind of the environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2479.17,2481.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this \"democracy\" that is now going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2481.21,2485.286"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's not surprising that in these elections","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2485.286,2488.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only on the ascienda level people are voting not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2488.7,2492.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be represented by a union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2492.14,2494.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or for a union that's linked to the administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2494.21,2496.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"administration of the mill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2498.363,2500.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Why at this time were they grouping on Marco?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2501.6,2505.022"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, you mean the, the justice department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2505.022,2510.022"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Did that mean anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2510.751,2512.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't really have any great insights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2512.52,2515.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into why.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2515.04,2516.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, I would honestly say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2516.4,2517.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I was somewhat surprised that it would happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2517.445,2520.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course you know, the crime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2520.97,2523.754"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the smoking guns are so many, I mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2523.754,2526.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the crime is so blatant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2526.1,2527.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The smoking guns are so many, maybe there's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2527.1,2529.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the new Attorney General, a certain professionalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2529.42,2534.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Department of Justice that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2534.01,2536.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that gets these sort of things to happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2536.94,2538.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Did it help like Aquino","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2540.83,2542.466"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take some of this money back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2542.466,2545.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, but up until very recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2545.447,2548.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I got from conversations with some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2548.44,2550.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the U S lawyers that have worked very hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2550.967,2555.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get various federal judges to free some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2555.2,2558.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these assets in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2558.3,2560.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that they didn't have any sense that, that, that Manila","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2560.24,2563.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the government was really pushing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2563.329,2566.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or once they got the assets free and free frozen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2566.48,2569.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the further push was needed from Manila","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2569.488,2572.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to then appropriate these assets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2572.53,2574.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they found it just not happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2574.86,2576.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really, you know, don't know what to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2579.94,2581.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, I don't think you shouldn't think that Marcos is a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2581.51,2585.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a real political threat to Aquino.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2585.01,2587.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that's really anybody's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2587.11,2589.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analysis at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2589.086,2591.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think to some extent that will make the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2593.86,2597.672"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, it puts a good light on the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2597.672,2600.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that that might be seen as a bad thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2600.12,2602.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the embassy and in, in Manila.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2602.57,2604.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm happy to see it happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2611.038,2614.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you have any insight as to what this new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2614.073,2616.349"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secretary of state said it'll be like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2616.349,2618.778"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the coast of Philippines now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2618.778,2621.485"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e No, you know, I don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2621.485,2622.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean I would think that know on things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2622.97,2625.765"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would affect the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2625.765,2626.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be pretty much a continuity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2626.75,2629.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what we've seen here with the, the preginitis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2629.1,2632.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that Baker is that type a person who will try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2632.05,2636.011"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but again, if the, if the conflict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2636.011,2638.338"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Philippines becomes more and more, and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2638.338,2640.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you have a Bush who was unable to deliver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2640.71,2643.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to his constituency in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2643.057,2647.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things on prayer amendments and so forth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2647.1,2650.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he might private have something going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2650.04,2652.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the third world that makes them feel like, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2652.61,2655.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's doing his job and central America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2655.31,2657.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think will be the first place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2657.99,2659.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the Philippines certainly could be another place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2659.16,2661.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, if communism can be fought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2661.92,2663.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by all the North there combined with Danny Quail","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2663.43,2666.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you know, that might be something they would do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2666.64,2669.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anything I would think Baker would be a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2671.94,2673.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bit of a moderating force in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2673.43,2675.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would too if I'm going to be an expert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2675.07,2677.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you say that the the promises made by Aquino","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2678.828,2682.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will actually be met?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2682.913,2684.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And would they let out that restoration?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2685.595,2688.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e I think part of the, the type of restoration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2688.867,2693.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there is a relatively free space for certain people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2693.1,2698.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that would include US citizens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2699.74,2702.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one of the reasons one doesn't hear as much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2702.65,2705.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the type of oppression that's going on now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2705.28,2708.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as was going on under Marcos, is that in Marcos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2708.57,2711.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of attempt to focus on urban people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2711.73,2714.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people at the university, the lecturers and artists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2714.903,2718.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2718.59,2719.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, in doing this book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2719.845,2721.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've done a book of interviews in the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2721.52,2724.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's called the \"Philippines Firing Room.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2724.03,2725.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I interviewed 190 something people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2725.32,2727.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of them being ordinary people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2727.84,2730.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of various perspectives in the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2730.05,2732.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And about eight of them that I know of are now dead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2732.73,2736.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man Whispering:\u003c/strong\u003e You have a short period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2736.17,2737.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e But none of those eight people would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2737.87,2739.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever get much use like putting, for instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2739.15,2742.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in prison, the husband of Mrs.Aquino.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2742.755,2746.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think in a sense to worry and I don't worry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2748.6,2753.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the left , I do worry about traffic consultants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2754.35,2757.508"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=2757.508,2759.758"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25170/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/170/original/AV203788_Philippines_After_Marcos_b.vtt?1620122792","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/170/original/AV203788_Philippines_After_Marcos_b.vtt?1620122792"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25171","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203788_Philippines_After_Marcos_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117/transcript/25171/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Narrator] The portion, however, expects Aquino to deliver a mandate for the maintenance of the bases. It might be asking her to do the impossible. For the preservation the bases has grown increasingly problematic owing to two related developments I refer to here, the rising popular opposition to the bases within the Philippines and the increased tendencies towards neutralization in the entire Asia-Pacific region. American officials I think were taken back a little bit in 1988. We just saw the every five years there's a review of the bases agreement between the Republic of Philippines and the United States. And that fifth year was 1988. And I think American officials were a little taken back by all the negative anti bases comments coming from pretty elite people including indeed members of the Senate. And like at our Congress, the senate is treating signing part of the government that came out. Many Filipino opinion makers calling outright for the withdrawal of the bases and seeking or at least seeking fundamental changes governing their stay in the Philippines. Why was a once reliable elite suddenly expressing defiance? How was it that only one member of the Philippine's senate would dare to openly advocate maintaining the bases? Part of the reason was undoubtedly the continuing resentment among many pro-Aquino senators of the fact that the United States had supported Marcos for 14 long years saying that he was good for the bases. But the most important factor explaining the elites increasingly critical view of the bases was the rising anti-bases sentiment among the people. Compare it to 42% in March 1987, a widely respected poll showed that by March 1988, only 30% of the people in Metro Manila wanted to retain the bases beyond the expiration date of 1991 under the current treaty. Most, either one at the bases of unconditionally after 1991 or to make the retention contingent on sizable increased monetary benefits for the country. So it seems to be an annexable spread of anti-bases sentiment. The growth of ant-bases and anti-nuclear sentiment in the Philippines has been fostered by a strong trend toward neutralization, if not demilitarization of the Pacific region Asia Pacific region. Sparked by the tiny Republic of Palau which attached a nuclear free clause to its constitution in 1979, the anti militarist waves spread to New Zealand which banned nuclear warship visits in 1984 and the South Pacific where now 11 countries have constituted themselves into the so-called \"South Pacific nuclear free zone.\" They did so in 1985. The growing strength of anti militarism and non alignment is also indicated by the 1987 adoption in principle, by the otherwise conservative Association of Southeast Asian Nations, \"ASAN\" for sure, their adoption of a proposal from Indonesia and Malaysia to create a Southeast Asia nuclear weapons free zone to firm up the earlier declaration of the area as a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality. So Philippines is going to be the odd person out in terms of what's happening both in Southeast Asia and in the South Pacific. US efforts to justify the bases by raising the old specter of the Soviet threat to the region of in fact backfired. Ambassador Nicholas Clark is our baser warning about a \"Soviet buildup\" at the start of the Philippines bases review this year, drew a spirited disagreement from Australia. Just normally thought it as a staunch ally of the United States Australian foreign minister Bill Haiti claimed that on the contrary to what the U S ambassador was saying, Australia US intelligence sharing when they worked together, showed that in the proceeding 12 months Soviet Naval deployment has been cut by half. Indeed US defense apologists often undercut or contradict their own arguments. And the US Navy substandard propaganda, Pam Ron Bay in Vietnam has been the object of a massive Soviet buildup. That's what they tell the world is happening there. But then as soon as Mikala Barbara Shaw and his landmark speech in August 1986 hinted at the possibility, and more recently he even reiterated this more clearly of a withdrawal from Vietnam of Soviet Naval forces. If, in exchange or simultaneously the U S would withdraw from Subic, then all of a sudden the Navy says, \"Oh this would not be an even exchange because that Soviet facility is merely a peripheral facility of not great significance.\" So you can't really play it both ways. Someone should point it out to the Pentagon. Amid this growing controversy over the entrenched US military presence in its former colony President Aquino periodically affirmed that her position is to \" keep my options open.\" But given her heavy dependence on US support, it seems clear that she favors extending the stay of the US bases. This is indicated by the recent controversial opinion issued by her Secretary of Justice. That Aquino can legally sidestep the anti-nuclear clause in the constitution, the new constitution and conclude a new treaty allowing US bases to stay beyond 1991, despite Senate opposition. Something she has in fact done in this recent signing that took place the other day on Washington of the five-year review. Though the constitution says that the Philippines is said to be nuclear free. And very few months ago the senate in the Philippines overwhelmingly voted nuclear free. And yet everybody knows that the US Navy has nuclear bearing weapons, ships coming into the facility. Furthermore, the United States' oracle that will not allow any inspection of the facilities. So therefore you can only assume the worst. But whatever preference and legal justification is increasingly doubtful that Mrs Aquino's government will risk provoking the wrath of the rising nationalist movement by offering a post 1991 agreement. That they will not severely restrict US operational use of the bases. Specify a short term duration for their stay and demand at least a billion dollars a year in rent. Indeed an important weathervane of moderate opinions. Senator Leticia Shahani , chairperson of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee has already floated a proposal for a new treaty that would essentially govern a phase with Raul the bases over a 10-year period. The foregoing survey on these five major issues has shown that two and a half years after coming to power President Aquino may have achieved the immediate US goal of stabilizing a volatile situation. But her government has failed to come to grips with the critical issues of wrenching Philippine society. While a highly polarized situation. During the final, what we proved to be the final period of Marcos is no longer present. Many of the same conditions that gave rise to it are alive and well. I refer to human rights violations on widespread and many provinces people were saying,\" this is worse.\" \"What's going on?\" Man under Marcos, the human rights violation. Military arrogance, severe economic inequality, the owner's debt burden, tremendous world misery and agricultural backwardness. So far the scattered protests around these various issues have not come together under Aquino in the way that they did in the final months of Marcos. And to date, the powerful Philippine left is still regaining its bearing. Though Aquino's moral political offensive has clearly faltered as she gets more deeply implicated in her vast in bargain with the military. As we have seen the strong influence wielded by the U S in critical areas of national policymaking is a significant part of the barrier to decisive genuine solutions. So solely lacking at this point. The continuing crisis cannot be separated from the policy of so-called special relations between the Republic of Philippines and the United States which has long govern the relationship between our two countries. The rhetoric of special relations is filled with wonderful words and phrases like wine, hospitality responsibility, common interests, and so forth. But its underlying essence is that given the Philippine's status as a strategic ex colony. United States reserve the right to intervene there more than perhaps any other third world country. During the final crisis of the Marcos dictatorship the doctrine was sweetened as intervention on behalf of democracy by state department operatives. But it was intervention nonetheless, a special intervention. Clearly an alternative policy towards the Philippines is overdue. A policy is needed that is more appropriate to the status of the United States and the Philippines as mature sovereign countries. A policy that would give the Philippines the breathing room to solve its own problems without having to either confront or depend on the United States at every turn. 42 years after the Philippines achieved the formal political independence. It is high time for both Filipinos and Americans to bring about a relationship between two people that was built psychologically and politically healthy. Here I would like to sketch briefly the elements of such a policy in four challenging areas. Military aid, economic relations, the bases issue and the insurgency. Military aid. With the lifting of congressional restrictions on age of the Philippines. In the final unraveling period of the Marcos dictatorship, the flow of military assistance to Manila has grown from a trickle to a flood. From fiscal '87 to 1990, about $330 million worth of aid, military aid has been appropriated for the Philippine military. Currently in fact, U S bonds over 80% of the Philippine Armed Forces budget for procurement, operations and maintenance. The bulk of this aid is made up of what one senior Pentagon official calls, \"move, shoot and communicate and communicate items.\" That is lethal and support equipment geared for internal war or counterinsurgency. The recently concluded five-year review of the bases agreement as if you paid attention at all in the newspaper. Ups as \"rent for the bases,\" the military the assistance of US taxpayers to these military. And of course we don't even know what to say about what's going on covertly. We do know that Reagan signed a executive order to triple basically the size of the CIA operation in the Philippines. That was about two years ago. Thus US military assistance serves as a vital lifeline for an institution that is both Amnesty International Lawyers Committee on human rights have underlined is responsible for scores of extra judicial killings or as Filipinos call them and I'm doing a serious phrase, savages committed by regular troops or irregulars who belong to these vigilante groups. On October 10th, two human rights organizations, the Lawyer's Committee and Asia Watch issued a report linking the Philippine military with the killing of five human rights lawyers and death threats against 14 others. And less than year eight human rights lawyers had been assassinated under a Aquino. Twice the number killed during the entire 14 years of the Marcos dictatorship. Though Mrs. Aquino has denied that violating human rights is a policy of her government. She cannot escape responsibility for helping create an official atmosphere that encourages and condones military repression. Since early 1987, she has repeatedly given military or military backing to her. Her given the military backing to do the counterinsurgency work. Her support in fact has at times reminded many absorbers of Marcos's blanket defenses of his soldiers. As when she asserted in January 1988, \"all accusations of deliberate disregard for human rights by the military have been shown to be total lies.\" These circumstances make a perhaps unfortunately little known section of our US Foreign Assistance Act. This is section 502 B, which was an achievement of many concern church and other organizations in this country in the mid 70's. This brings up the fact that this is a section that should be invoked. It calls for the termination of military systems to any government \"engaging in a consistent pattern of growth violations of internationally recognized human rights.\" Might seem ironic that the suggestion is now being made but the human rights amendment to our Foreign System Act that was formulated with rulers like Marcos of mind And I'll be applied to Aquino. Yet the essence of the situation is the same. The existence of massive violations of human rights. Moreover, so is the rationale for the action to prevent US arms or device from abetting an apparatus of repression that house according to the Lawyers Committee, \"torture, maimed, mutilated, beheaded, shot and hacked to death\" Such strong action would not be rash. Since the beginning of the Aquino presidency, Pentagon spokespersons have consistently assured those members of Congress who are concerned, that reform and \"professionalization of the AFP\" were just around the corner. But instead of de-politicizing the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Massive US military assistance has had the opposite effect of making it into one of the most powerful factions within the government. The security of what we might call a guaranteed income from the U S has been one of the factors encouraging greater de-stain for human rights on the part of the military. An attitude captured by the state and made to the British Broadcasting Company last year by spokesperson Colonel Ernesto insisted that he's the number one public spokesperson for the Armed Forces and on the air to BBC, he said \"to heck with human rights.\" Thus cutting off USA could in fact leave an unhealthy situation. It could help reduce the swollen power of the military within the ruling coalition. Forcing it to be more responsive to public opinion and pressure groups. That demand genuine civilian supremacy and respect for human rights and the legal process. Also the necessity of now having to compete for scarce public funds raised from taxes on the population might force the military to be more accountable in it's behavior. Second, the debt. An economic area, the prime need is not for a Marshall plan. That's what Solaris runs around. Of course, the money he wants to spend in is largely from Japan. That's very likely that the money from. It isn't, it is an and in fact, a scamless spectacle to think that the United States would be behind the plan to raise billions of dollars from Japan, supposedly to aid the people of Philippines. That would in fact, from what we've seen of where the capital would go with repayment going largely to private banks and international banking institutions. That's ain't no martial plan. And it makes no sense to pump $10 billion into a country when over the next five years, almost $20 billion is going to be going out. Calls for substantial debt relief are no longer coming just from indebted countries like the Philippines but from major Western political personalities like Willy Brandt inside of Jericho Bradley. But warship's response continues to be debt rescheduling in return for implementation of so-called structural reform. And debt rescheduling just takes the principle and backend it more. You just keep paying the interest. And in fact, of course you'd get basically to getting a new loan in the form of the principle payments that are being rescheduled. So it doesn't do anything but deem to get that grace you have to do structural reforms as they were called, prescribed by the International Monetary Fund which in most cases have severely in countries where they have been imposed cut into the living standards of the middle class and the poor and triggered economic depression. Yet even though the US treasury and the IMF behave as stern collection agencies, the banks themselves have been devouring the third world debt. That is selling it to corporate buyers at prices ranging from 50 to 85 cents on the dollar. A Philippine debt relief program to take its cue from the commercial banks actively evaluating their third world claims as well as from the Mexican debt repayment agreements. Which appear to recognize the principle of the debtor's capacity to pay. So, you have in fact the banks are saying these loans aren't worth so much, we can discount them and sell them at 50 cents on the dollar. Why should we be making the Philippines pay so much back? We should just face that reality. But in the sense, there was a discount that could save $7 or $8 billion to the Philippines. Also Congress, I think could rightly put some pressure on the banks, especially with some of these loans that were so obviously just recycled into the banks, that those should be written off the books. And indeed, we can see that recently when Citicorp and First Boston showed that they were going to take some losses rather than display paper profits. In the not too, you know just a few weeks in fact, it was seeming that Wall Street was saying, \"hey these banks are better run because they're doing this.\" So let's get rid of some of this paper stuff. Now there is a crucial caviar in this discussion about debt relief. Debt relief may be a necessary condition for Philippine development but it's not a sufficient condition. The funds diverted to internal uses from debt servicing can be effective in promoting development. Only if internal institutions and structures to absorb an efficiently implemented element strategies are in place. And these are not now in place in the Philippines. It's not just a question of efficient or effective bureaucratic mechanisms, which is something that is missing. But more fundamentally, it's a question of democratizing social-economic reforms especially if they're all going land reform which are necessary condition for the effective application of funds diverted from debt servicing and funds that might come from future economic aid. Without this, we are likely to end up with a results similar to those of the 14 years under which a poured-in under the Marcos regime and flow of costs $10 billion in bilateral and multilateral aid. Companied by increase much greater even than the population growth of the numbers of families living under the poverty line. What about the bases? Well, unless the United States is prepared to pull a Guantanamo and thus risk the odium of being regarded as an international outlaw. You know we still have this wonderful Naval base in Cuba which we pay for it , so utterly useless to the US. Unless it was going to try to do that now on the, on the Pacific rim front. The United States should begin that the process of withdrawing its bases from the Philippines for sooner rather than later, it will be asked to move by some Filipino government, by any Filipino government. It's not going to take a victory over the left, To the parts. The Pentagon in fact has developed contingency plans for redeployment, as it calls it of forces in the event of withdrawal from the Philippines. The base's controversy in Philippines and elsewhere has also brought up the possibility of reliance on so-called mobile bases, floating out therein the sea. The problem with such solutions is that they merely shift the burden of bearing us military units from the Philippines to other countries in the region and do little to reduce the regional tension induced the US Navy's aggressive so-called forward deployment. Besides whether the Navy is based at Subic or 600 miles away in Palau or even floating out at sea the Philippines would still be well within the immediate reach of the interventionary might of the US. The resolution of the Philippine bases issue in other words, must take place within the framework of an alternative US strategy for the whole Western Pacific. And indeed the time is right. If not now, when? We're looking at China-US ties on firm ground. Vietnam focusing on economic reconstruction within Vietnam. Withdrawing from Cambodia The Soviets scaling down their military presence in the Pacific. So the time is right for some alternative to so-called containment and the military posture of this forward deployment in region. An alternative posture would require a shift in perspective from one of fury and resisting the spread of neutralization and de-nuclearization of the Pacific. To viewing and supporting them as principals to undergird a new harmonious political economic regime in the entire area. Peace relations to the equality and reliance of diplomatics on diplomatic solutions to conflicts are the political preconditions for the full flowering of the dynamic regional economic exchanges that have characterized the region in the last two decades. In which continue dissolve in spite of the aggressive military policy and retaliatory economics followed by the Reagan administration. Withdrawing from the bases in the Philippines could be an important first step in a process of regional military disengagement. That would not only promote regional peace but also have a healthy impact on the troubled US economy. These bases aren't free. By reducing our defense spending and to give you some idea of the magnitude of our operations in that region. Currently half of the strength of the United States Navy involved two thirds of the combat strength of the US Marines. Two army divisions, several fighter wings of the US Air Force. Talking about 330,000 men and women. I'm talking about billions of dollars. One estimate is that the so-called American security Umbrella for South Korea and Japan alone costs $50 billion a year. Now undoubtedly the Asia Pacific military commitment contributes greatly to what Paul Kennedy has turned the crisis of Imperial overstretch or the growing gap between seemingly infinite overseas commitments and unquestionably finite resources. So perhaps we should take, without saying we are a cue from the Soviets, who have apparently for their own reasons not to disseminate thought they want to really decrease their military presence in the region. We should sign the treaties that the Soviet union has signed with other nations in the region which has boosted the Soviet image. It makes us look like the militarist in the region. US could either continue this course of unilateral militarism and thereby alienated even close allies or it can accommodate itself to the region's determination to eliminate superpower competition and do denuclearize the region. Military disengagement from Subic and Clark on the part of the US coupled with signing these agreements and so forth, will go a long way towards building a more benign, more mature order in the Pacific. Perhaps even more than keeping the bases, the main objective of US policy towards the Philippines is destroying the insurgency. Today the whole traditional special relations is being deployed to serve Washington's goal to destroy the National Democratic Front. And there's a certain logic to that since the National Democratic Front is the group that is most committed to dismantling the whole structure of the so-called special relations. But like the effort to keep the bases and definitely the goal of destroying the revolutionary left has very dubious chances of ever meeting with success. The left may not come to power but it is highly unlikely to be destroyed. The New People's Army now operates in 67 of the 73 provinces of the Philippines, Numbers about 30,000 personnel. And that's without any help from Soviet union or China or Korea or whatever. Today's generation of insurgents have proven to be far more sophisticated practitioners of guerrilla warfare than their predecessors, which emerged out of the resistance of the peasant based resistance to the Japanese occupation. Now, although they have made false steps they have patiently rooted themselves in peasant and urban working class populations perfectly expanding their influence throughout the country and relied mainly on political organizing and extending their ideological influence. Now we shouldn't exaggerate their capabilities. They really are quite poorly armed. I've been with them in different areas of the Philippines very graphically, and I remember hiking with a commander and his troops for a couple days and he had one throng. So this meant that he'd walk for 10 minutes and then he'd switch it from his left foot to his right and as you can you imagine the Commander in the army being so poorly equipped that he wouldn't even have something to put on both of his feet. So we don't want to exaggerate but it is difficult to see how the Armed Forces of the Philippines abusive faction written, inefficient and unreformable as it is, can be successful with tasks that even a professional army would find difficult to pull off, mainly really defeating this insurgency. Instead of entertaining and retaining illusions the United States officials would do well to listen to the words of a military reformer the former defense minister Rafael Leto. He said,\" before I got this job, I thought it would take about a year to reform the military, unite everyone weed out the bad ones. Now I'm convinced you could take 20 years generation.\" With the most effective weapon of the left is not its arms. It's not whether it has two throngs for each commander or for the foot soldiers themselves. Its real strength is its political message. Although the NDF includes the communist party as the leading element. It is movement that draws its legitimacy mainly from the espousal of a program of purl going land reform and ending dominant US military and economic presence. Re-establishment the institutions, a form of leaked democracy may have blunted the force of the NDF message into few social tenses, but not for long. The NDF has shown itself to be very resilient without fundamental structural change occurring in the society. The appeal of the organized left is bound to rebuild and spread. The conjunction of a politically attractive well-organized but military constrained left and a well-armed but unprofessional and unpopular Armed Forces of the government and a noisy but ineffective but factious elite democracy is a recipe for a long-term wrenching protective stalemate, of a decade or more. It is a conflict that draw the US, and certainly if we have, you know edio logs of a type it looks like we're in for, for at least four years into indeed to even appease domestically their own rightest forces. Here they will try to play out some of their fantasies and central American Philippines. It is a conflict therefore that can draw the US into even more active \"commitment\" unless there was a decisive break in its intervenous policy. More than ever, there's a crying need for just domestic actors Filipinos to work out a domestic solution to the Philippine crisis. Without US advice and assistance, The Armed Forces of the Philippines will come sooner to realization that a military solution is impossible. Short of the guarantee of US backing for whatever they do. The Filipino elite, sooner than later will have to confront the hard reality that social peace can only come about with a genuine land reform and other reforms that redistribute wealth and therefore power. But without fallback, without the fallback now offered by this so-called US-Philippine special relations. The Aquino administration will be forced to go back to the forgotten Fountainhead of its legitimacy. Namely the promise not of elite democracy but a genuine substantive democracy. I am sad to say that Washington remains the fundamental obstacle to a Filipino solution to the Philippine tragedy. Thank you. Happy for any questions and I'll try to see who puts his or her hand up the longest and so shall we.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Well I was just wondering, Aquino's first year. She is still very idealistic. She still has the rebels in the parliament. Do you have any explanation for why she deals with either barbarian or at least land reforms?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] Well, I've only talked to her briefly once and we did talk a little bit about land reforms. And... Well I think first of all happened in her campaign aside from just a cynical thing that anybody campaigning in the country in which the vast majority of people see themselves as impoverished by the type of land structures you have, it'd be a good idea to champion land reform. But I also think she had speech writers who were much more out for change than she was. You know that. 'Cause when you talk with her she says that land reform would not be efficient or that is minimally a wonderful rationalization that big landowners often have, \"oh what a tragedy. it would be to take my plantation divided among the workers.\" You know they wouldn't know how to use the land as effectively as we do. Now take Taiwan, which is the nearest country I think to the Philippines, certainly awfully near. There was a thorough going land reform. Sugar is raised in Taiwan typically on farms of a couple acres. Mrs. Aquino farms 15,000 acres. The yields in Taiwan in sugar are about 50% greater than the national yields in the Philippines and sugar is grown virtually only certainly milled sugar to be milled as an ascienda or plantation crop. So you know, the big boys and women wants you to think that their plantations are so wonderfully efficient but countries in the region that I've had land reforms in sugar and rice, you name the crop have very significantly higher yields than the Philippines. So you know, I can't be in the soul of anybody but I got that kind of glimpse. The other thing is when you asked her questions about land reform, I asked her three in a press conference once but I was working with National Public Radio doing some programs on Land reform with Allen Burlow. To each one she said it is under study. It is under study. It is under study. And this was our first press conference in seven months. She had been in office at this point for a year and a half. We're talking about what she had said is her number one priority. I'm asking them like, \"what do you think should be done with the multinational and multinational agribusiness?\" It's under study. You know it's now what's going on right now by the way is that farmers and others who care about these issues, you know farm workers and farmers and their allies are taking advantage of the fact that in the new constitution there is a clause for citizen initiatives to write a law and they have to get X percentage of the voters. And this is something like three and a half million signatures for this reform that they're trying to get through this way. And I have no doubt that they will get those signatures but I also have a little expectation and they don't either but they want it to like exhaust every conceivable measure. I can tell you that during the first of all, the farmers organizations not only the biggest one, which is indeed identified with the left, National Personal Lines but more central ones have been united on a common grand reform program. And during the final months when Aquino had that ability to create reform, they compromised on a number of points that for them they thought these were important principles. For instance, they don't think that big landowners should be compensated. They think for gen, you know where did this land come from anyway? But more importantly, they think that they have charged excessive rents. For so many generations are so exploited the labor that these people have been remunerated many fold over. Furthermore and it's absolutely true that these landed elite families have long since taking that wealth out of that exploitation, as they would see. Make themselves quite well off economically and other sectors and the industry and Manila real estate. And so you might have to worry about these the big ones. But tactically, they thought it was important in the end to allow for some scale the compensation even crude, the bigger up to some of the bigger ones. I'm just giving one example where the Advocates of reform the poor of the land they really were willing to go that extra block to try to come up with some compromise. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Man] In your opening remarks, you quoted a section of news about then vice president Bush. Do you think that shall we say the specific duties as the vice president and ambassador would use different expression if he was so instructed? The other thing is when the beginning had just tied Marcos. Did you know which way he was going to go? It was very promising for him years ago.\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] This was 1981 1981, we're talking about here. This is when after 10 years of dictatorship and five years as, six years as president.\r\n\r\n- [Man] That expression would use when he was personal\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] No,No.\r\n\r\n- [Man] He still holds view the first thing that those two dictators they could see it as they are. Would it be more advisable to tell them exactly what you're paying for? Plus and then make influence for the betterment of the people.\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] Many of the elites in the Philippines again were quite up in arms in every sense of the word by 1981 against Marcos. And they were astounded that the United States would in a sense go so public in affirming, what was then beginning to be a tottering dictatorship. Are you just saying that George Bush was a flunky? I agree. I mean, that's, that's clearly that that aspect of George Bush is there. You tell him to say something and he'll say it, I mean you were saying he was dispatched. He picked the man not to do that for him too but I don't feel good being represented this way. And I don't think most Americans would. I think I firmly believe that if most Americans have to confront the human suffering that's caused by the policies that we are so behind, they would be absolutely opposed. But I mean the vast majority of Americans. Ordinary people in the vast majority of Americans, ordinary men are not blood suckers.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Can I ask you ask you one more question?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] You gotta raise your hands then.\r\n\r\n- [Man] The insurgence would say that 60% of murders were committed by Vietnamese, 40% by the Japanese and independent killing insurgents.\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] This is an Amnesty International report precisely on killings that have been done what they call extra judicial killings.\r\n\r\n- [Man] What you saying it doesn't make sense for real?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] No, this report wasn't looking. Yes, the insurgents do. But again, that tends to be much more defined to a particular person. Now they have even had these squads that have done some killings in Manila. Numerically it's far fewer people. But indeed they'd see this as a war that they were fighting.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Do you have an indications that they voted the wrong way to disenfranchise? Are the votes not secret? Any likelihood in Manila?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] For instance, I was, I had a ascienda during the local elections in January in Nevgross. And this was a, a town that was near the ascienda where the Aquinos first cabinet as the person in charge of the appointments of new mayors and governors was one of these human rights lawyers. And here and there he appointed some people that were connected to human popular movements and people who were were not either from the old elite or shady characters. And the day before the election and the manager of the mill and the mill sits on like a little hill I mean the household I should say sits on a little Hill, came down and went house to house and told people that, you know he'd be watching to see that they voted. And then on the election morning the manager was standing by the gate of the mill watching his brokers go out and vote. Now, I can't say whether the ballots themselves were secret but there was a whole atmosphere that I think was a message to people there. The older people they're coming with that never before in their experience or what they had heard from their parents or those that couldn't remember back their grandparents. This mill was built in like 1913 had ever known the manager ever to go to the worker's houses. And indeed the very popular mayor was defeated. And the candidate that really is closely linked to the mills interests installed. The fact that the overall local elections were like the last movement of what you can call is a restoration. I think Americans didn't perceive that again as I mentioned at one point in the talk Marcos was not from the elite take, take the sugar landed people. That's one of the main sources of land of wealth in the Philippines, coconut sugars. Now in that, Marcos working through a couple of his cronies and using sham operations of the government ripped billions of dollars off from the sugar planters. They hated his guts. And indeed some of them would even give him support of various types to the communist insurgency in order to destabilize Marcos. Mrs. Aquino, coming into office is indeed from their point of view but I'd love you to say that traditionally there is a close if not an Alliance and identification of the non identification of an alliance between landed power and government power. During the Marcos years, there was this alienation by large. What has happened now is that there is a, resealing of that or restoration. When there was that alienation, as I said, the land of elites were in many cases even disposed towards radical and certainly other activities to do organizing them with countryside. Now that they have in a sense, been able to close ranks. There is a lot of this killing going on of sugar workers. The Sugar Workers union had started during the Marcos period. Typically when I was there in January and February of this year, the sugar worker said that had been now at that point three months since they had won the certification election in any ascienda that they mill. And what they said would happen is if it was going to be an election for union at a ascienda. A few days in advance a unit of the army would go to that ascienda set up shop there, if you will call the people together show a film like the killing fields. You know, the USIA , the US information service has been distributing there. Lecture the people on the communist threat to the Philippines say pull pot is what will happen here in this communist union. Go even house to house again like the mill owner settled, that was kind of the environment of this \"democracy\" that is now going on. So it's not surprising that in these elections only on the ascienda level people are voting not to be represented by a union or for a union that's linked to the administration, administration of the mill.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Why at this time were they grouping on Marco?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] Oh, you mean the, the justice department.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Did that mean anything?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] I don't really have any great insights into why. In fact, I would honestly say that I was somewhat surprised that it would happen. Of course you know, the crime and the smoking guns are so many, I mean the crime is so blatant. The smoking guns are so many, maybe there's under the new Attorney General, a certain professionalism in the Department of Justice that that gets these sort of things to happen.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Did it help like Aquino to take some of this money back?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] Yes, but up until very recently what I got from conversations with some of the U S lawyers that have worked very hard to get various federal judges to free some of these assets in the United States was that they didn't have any sense that, that, that Manila that the government was really pushing. Or once they got the assets free and free frozen the further push was needed from Manila to then appropriate these assets. And they found it just not happening. I really, you know, don't know what to say. No, I don't think you shouldn't think that Marcos is a a real political threat to Aquino. I don't think that's really anybody's analysis at this point. I think to some extent that will make the United States you know, it puts a good light on the United States. I think that that might be seen as a bad thing by the embassy and in, in Manila. I'm happy to see it happen.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Do you have any insight as to what this new secretary of state said it'll be like at the coast of Philippines now?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] No, you know, I don't I mean I would think that know on things that would affect the Philippines it would be pretty much a continuity of what we've seen here with the, the preginitis I think that Baker is that type a person who will try but again, if the, if the conflict in the Philippines becomes more and more, and if you have a Bush who was unable to deliver to his constituency in this country things on prayer amendments and so forth he might private have something going on in the third world that makes them feel like, you know he's doing his job and central America I think will be the first place but the Philippines certainly could be another place. You know, if communism can be fought by all the North there combined with Danny Quail then you know, that might be something they would do. Anything I would think Baker would be a little bit of a moderating force in there. I would too if I'm going to be an expert.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Would you say that the the promises made by Aquino will actually be met? And would they let out that restoration?\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] I think part of the, the type of restoration is that there is a relatively free space for certain people. I think that would include US citizens. I think one of the reasons one doesn't hear as much about the type of oppression that's going on now as was going on under Marcos, is that in Marcos a lot of attempt to focus on urban people, people at the university, the lecturers and artists, and so forth. You know, in doing this book I've done a book of interviews in the Philippines. It's called the \"Philippines Firing Room.\" I interviewed 190 something people. Most of them being ordinary people of various perspectives in the countryside. And about eight of them that I know of are now dead.\r\n\r\n- [Man Whispering] You have a short period of time.\r\n\r\n- [Narrator] But none of those eight people would ever get much use like putting, for instance, in prison, the husband of Mrs.Aquino. So I think in a sense to worry and I don't worry from the left , I do worry about traffic consultants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40488/file/112117#t=0.0,2765.40082"}]}]}]}