{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/z60bv7bn2s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Whiteford, Andrew Hunter, The Benefits of Diversity"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203240 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Benefits of Diversity is a March 22, 1982 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Andrew H. Whiteford. Andrew H. Whiteford discusses the study of North American Indian art.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203240"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["The Benefits of Diversity. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9rf5km2k"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1982-03-22"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Whiteford, Andrew Hunter (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Indians of North America","Indigenous art","Art and history","Ethnology"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["The Benefits of Diversity is a March 22, 1982 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Andrew H. Whiteford. Andrew H. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/103/429/small/lecture.png?1608541903","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it gives me considerable pleasure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=6.73,8.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to introduce to you an individual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=8.57,11.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whom I have known all of my life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=11.56,13.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I might say was one of my first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=14.44,16.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instructors in anthropology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=16.29,18.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you really don't wanna hear what I have to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=18.58,21.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but instead let me say a few things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=21.01,23.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about Andrew Hunter Whiteford,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=23.02,25.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was born in Canada, many years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=25.07,27.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure exactly how many,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=27.44,29.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but came to this country and was educated at Beloit College,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=29.55,33.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"later received his master's degree in anthropology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=34.36,38.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and doctorate in anthropology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=38.61,40.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of Chicago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=40.12,42.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He returned to his alma mater during the Second World War,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=42.45,45.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from the mid-1940s until the mid-1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=45.9,49.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he served as chairman of the Department of Anthropology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=49.96,52.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and director of Logan Museum of Anthropology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=52.94,55.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since 1975, I believe that's the date,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=58.069,61.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my mom and dad have been residing in Santa Fe, New Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=62.0,66.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there he has been affiliated with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=66.53,68.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and been on the board of trustees of the Wheelwright Museum,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=68.92,71.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most recently has been acting director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=71.92,75.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a senior scholar at the School for American Research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=75.61,80.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dad, as some of us call him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=81.25,83.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has done a great deal of work in Latin America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=83.73,86.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but has since his early days as an archeologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=88.1,91.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintained a very strong and dear love","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=91.96,95.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Native American life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=95.06,96.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly for the past 25 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=96.59,99.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he has been very deeply immersed in Native American art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=99.41,104.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His lecture tonight is entitled \"The Benefits of Diversity:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=104.23,108.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Divergent Approaches to Native American Art.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=108.4,110.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I present you my father.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=110.89,112.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=113.89,116.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e This kind of thing doesn't happen very often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=135.388,138.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I feel as though I should turn around and,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=138.46,141.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in reciprocity, have the right to to introduce him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=142.73,147.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least introduce his mother,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=148.37,150.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least take some other kin-oriented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=151.71,155.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"action of this sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=156.41,157.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually it does tie it up with kinship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=158.99,161.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a very real sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=161.22,163.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I'm very happy to be able to attend the meetings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=163.5,166.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if I have to give a talk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=166.82,169.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it happens that due to Mike,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=169.17,172.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with a little help from another member of the audience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=172.29,177.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she said she wouldn't come if I called on her,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=178.52,181.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we happen to have three grandchildren in Ames.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=181.73,185.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this was a very obvious attraction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=185.2,189.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both for me and for my wife Marnie,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=190.69,193.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'd be happy to be here anyway, 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Albuquerque,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=199.25,203.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and found the discussions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=203.86,207.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the companionship, and various other things that went on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=207.32,211.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so enjoyable that it was really worthwhile.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=213.1,216.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in thinking about what I would 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wasn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=228.39,232.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indicative enough of what I should talk about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=232.04,235.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or it might turn some people off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=236.364,238.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it was canceled in favor of the title","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=238.78,243.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which I am now stuck,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=244.18,246.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but which I will follow nevertheless.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=246.68,250.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say that one of the things that happened 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months,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=258.57,262.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially since hearing this group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=262.28,266.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the table here this afternoon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=266.64,269.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been pondering even more the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=269.63,273.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of why I am here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=275.73,277.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aside from the fact that I have three grandchildren in Ames.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=278.25,281.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because, you know, I have to make it clear at the outset","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=282.11,285.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I don't pretend to be an artist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=285.17,287.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm not a Native 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are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=297.09,298.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at this point in my self-confession,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=300.3,302.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I almost decided that I shoulda stayed in Santa Fe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=302.17,306.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which of course is not a bad place to stay in anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=306.48,309.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but reviewing my 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subjects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=381.07,385.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all of us who fall into these categories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=385.1,387.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these particular categories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=387.85,389.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spend most of our time handling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=390.55,392.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the creations of other people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=392.11,394.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are also among us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=394.25,395.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we learned just a few moments ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=395.76,399.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some creative artists and craftspeople,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=399.19,401.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them Native Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=401.72,403.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I presume there are artists here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=403.34,405.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are not Native Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=405.3,406.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For some of us, our interests and activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=408.27,410.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"straddle two or more of these categories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=410.82,412.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of us don't belong to any of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=412.79,414.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Collectors of Indian art","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=416.12,418.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are also part of our heterogeneity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=418.08,420.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also dealers who specialize in Indian arts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=420.59,423.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I hope there are some of them here today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=423.89,426.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of us create, some of us collect, some of us conserve,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=426.66,430.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some teach, some exchange,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=430.72,432.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some are just satisfied to admire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=432.86,436.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when you put it all together,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=436.77,438.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that covers quite a bit of territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=438.83,441.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When this amazing diversity of our backgrounds and interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=441.49,444.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finally came through to me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=444.07,446.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I stopped wondering about who we are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=446.0,447.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and began to ponder the question of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=447.78,450.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if that's so, what is it that brings us all here together?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=450.63,454.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Especially Iowa in March,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=454.76,457.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has turned out very, very much better","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=457.57,459.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than I could possibly have hoped for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=459.43,461.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of you would probably agree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=462.58,464.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I simply concluded at that point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=464.03,466.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're all interested in American Indian art","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=466.48,470.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or art history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=470.53,471.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After all, that's what's indicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=471.99,473.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the title of the conferences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=473.51,474.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so, why wonder any more about that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=474.92,477.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, these terms, as you're well aware,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=477.86,480.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secretly if not openly, are very broad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=480.59,484.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we could spend the next several days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=484.04,485.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing nothing more than simply trying to agree upon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=485.95,489.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exact definitions of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=489.02,491.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I will state now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=491.37,493.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm certain that this will please almost everyone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=493.35,496.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I do not intend to spend any time now or later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=496.55,500.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attempting to define the meaning of art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=500.36,503.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=503.64,504.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is true that the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=506.37,507.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our common motivation might appear to be solved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=507.95,511.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I simply concluded that we are brought here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=511.24,513.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a common interest in art, defined or undefined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=513.82,518.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And people come together for worse reasons than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=518.3,521.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, in attempting to go just a little bit further,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=521.66,525.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've concluded that the concerns which we share,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=525.95,528.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which have drawn us together,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=528.91,531.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to resolve around two concepts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=531.57,534.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concepts which at first view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=535.67,537.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might appear to be just as vague and diffuse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=537.47,540.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the concept of art,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=540.65,541.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't think this is quite the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=541.94,544.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The nexus of our commonality, as I see it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=544.35,547.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"centers upon beauty and appreciation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=547.75,550.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And look at the second notion first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=550.8,553.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're all here because we're interested,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=553.38,555.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether we have a specific or a general interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=555.96,558.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in American Indian culture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=558.45,560.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in ethnic art and other areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=560.858,563.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we come to these meetings, all of 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stimulation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=745.13,748.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provides a deeper understanding of their culture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=748.68,751.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It enriches all our lives, both participants and observers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=751.08,755.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It also connotes an acceptance of the arts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=755.85,758.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as one of the most compelling and significant currents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=758.37,761.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which flow through any society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=761.02,762.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But even if it is true that each one of you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=764.42,766.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shares with your neighbor this interest in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=768.184,770.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and appreciation of the various aesthetic 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approaches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=775.35,778.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even attitudes toward them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=778.84,781.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does this diversity divide us from each other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=781.47,783.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even more than our common interests unite us?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=783.96,786.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it possible for artists, historians, collectors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=786.86,790.148"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnologists, curators and the rest of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=790.148,792.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to talk with each other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=792.81,794.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even to have some understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=794.24,795.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the different points of view represented here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=795.76,798.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will our variety contribute to the depth and sophistication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=799.06,802.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the understanding of American Indian cultures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=802.89,805.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the dynamics of art history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=805.61,808.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or will it produce only confusion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=808.28,810.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One way we might avoid potential chaos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=812.01,815.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perhaps move together toward mutual understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=815.85,819.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to take a brief look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=819.43,820.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at some of the elements of our diversity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=823.462,825.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ask how each might contribute to common understanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=825.52,829.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, some of this has already been going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=829.8,832.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even in the first day of the conference here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=832.24,834.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, let us consider the art historians among us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=835.86,839.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are quite a few art historians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=840.31,842.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but simply because you happen to teach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=842.11,846.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a different department in the same university,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=846.0,848.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even in the same building,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=848.2,849.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't necessarily mean that you understand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=849.81,852.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or are even cognizant of what the art historians are doing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=854.354,858.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I will elucidate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=858.5,859.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are the people obviously most directly responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=861.17,864.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for stimulating this series of meetings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=864.78,867.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the titles of the conferences reflect this source.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=867.01,869.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not an art historian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=869.96,871.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was talking with Dr. Dockstader a little while ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=871.93,876.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we are both,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=876.35,877.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's now teaching in an art department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=877.48,879.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a couple of years ago I taught in an art department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=879.89,883.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we both felt that it would bring about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=883.47,885.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some very significant difference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=885.23,888.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least in our looks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=888.27,889.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the effect didn't seem to impress very many people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=890.51,895.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so we have just born with it manfully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=895.14,898.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have enjoyed the process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=898.57,901.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nevertheless, in spite of this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=901.41,903.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not speak as a trained art historian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=903.41,906.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to apologize here to all of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=909.38,912.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if my summary of their approach to American Indian art","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=912.47,916.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is seriously wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=916.42,917.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't do this intentionally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=917.95,920.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's important to recognize, for the rest of 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Wolf","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=1261.98,1264.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have tried to define the patterns of relationships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=1264.76,1267.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that exist between art 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whites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2620.74,2623.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"slightly before this time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2623.06,2624.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So everything was not pleasant, pretty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2626.04,2631.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in spite of some of the reflections in the paintings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2631.31,2635.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the later years of the 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2635.56,2638.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other artists continued to be captivated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2638.18,2640.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Indians and their 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newspaper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2648.48,2650.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in order to convey the folk with full color,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2650.53,2653.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Indian wars, and also the declining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2653.76,2656.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but still colorful ways of the Western tribes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2656.83,2660.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As early as 1850...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2661.55,2664.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, some of the collections, I should say at this time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2666.103,2669.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course, as you would 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men,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2674.62,2678.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but museum collecting was also going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2678.79,2682.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the first ethnological field 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century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2686.08,2689.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1866, the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2691.23,2695.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was founded at Harvard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2695.45,2697.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and immediately acquired some old collections","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2697.1,2700.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from other museums that were going out of business","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2700.71,2703.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2703.05,2704.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the American Museum of Natural History","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2704.13,2705.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was established in 1869.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2705.73,2708.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And both these institutions sent staff members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2708.49,2711.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost immediately into the field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2711.12,2713.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to study Indian cultures and to return with collections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=2713.52,2717.543"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21146/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/146/original/AV203240_The_Benefits_of_Diversity_a.vtt?1608541905","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/146/original/AV203240_The_Benefits_of_Diversity_a.vtt?1608541905"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21147","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203240_The_Benefits_of_Diversity_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429/transcript/21147/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Well, it gives me considerable pleasure to introduce to you an individual whom I have known all of my life, and I might say was one of my first instructors in anthropology, but you really don't wanna hear what I have to say, but instead let me say a few things about Andrew Hunter Whiteford, who was born in Canada, many years ago, I'm not sure exactly how many, but came to this country and was educated at Beloit College, later received his master's degree in anthropology and doctorate in anthropology from the University of Chicago. He returned to his alma mater during the Second World War, and from the mid-1940s until the mid-1970s, he served as chairman of the Department of Anthropology and director of Logan Museum of Anthropology. Since 1975, I believe that's the date, my mom and dad have been residing in Santa Fe, New Mexico, and there he has been affiliated with and been on the board of trustees of the Wheelwright Museum, and most recently has been acting director and a senior scholar at the School for American Research. Dad, as some of us call him, has done a great deal of work in Latin America, but has since his early days as an archeologist maintained a very strong and dear love with Native American life, and certainly for the past 25 years, he has been very deeply immersed in Native American art. His lecture tonight is entitled \"The Benefits of Diversity: Divergent Approaches to Native American Art.\" I present you my father.\r\n\r\n- This kind of thing doesn't happen very often. I feel as though I should turn around and, in reciprocity, have the right to to introduce him, or at least introduce his mother, or at least take some other kin-oriented action of this sort. Actually it does tie it up with kinship in a very real sense, because I'm very happy to be able to attend the meetings, even if I have to give a talk, because it happens that due to Mike, and with a little help from another member of the audience, and she said she wouldn't come if I called on her, we happen to have three grandchildren in Ames. So this was a very obvious attraction both for me and for my wife Marnie, but I'd be happy to be here anyway, because, although I didn't get to the last meeting in Tempe, I did sit in on the first session at Albuquerque, and found the discussions, the companionship, and various other things that went on so enjoyable that it was really worthwhile. And in thinking about what I would say, I came up with some nifty titles. Originally one I had was \"Cold Museums, Cool Artists, and Hot Collectors,\" but the committee thought maybe that either wasn't indicative enough of what I should talk about, or it might turn some people off, so it was canceled in favor of the title with which I am now stuck, but which I will follow nevertheless. I must say that one of the things that happened was I started pondering, which is a very good thing to do during the winter months, and especially since hearing this group at the table here this afternoon, I've been pondering even more the question of why I am here, aside from the fact that I have three grandchildren in Ames. Because, you know, I have to make it clear at the outset that I don't pretend to be an artist, and I'm not a Native American of either pure or mixed extraction, nor am I the proud possessor of a great collection of American Indian art, as some of you are. And at this point in my self-confession, I almost decided that I shoulda stayed in Santa Fe, which of course is not a bad place to stay in anyway, but reviewing my role started me wondering about who you are. And I got some key to this, of course, by looking at the last two programs, and Helen was good enough to send me an advanced copy of the present program, and it gave me a little idea of what some of your backgrounds might be. I know a good many of you, but I had to do a bit of research to be able to classify you and to identify you and to recognize the variety of interests which we together represent. The diversity of our professions and backgrounds and the range of our information, technical and historical knowledge, the analytical tools that we control, or at least some of us. Some of us are professionally trained art historians, some are ethnologists or archeologists, and in front of any of these titles, you can put semi or quasi or pseudo or whatever modifier you want to stick in there. Others are museum curators of history or of folklore or primitive art, or other subjects. And all of us who fall into these categories, these particular categories, spend most of our time handling the creations of other people. But there are also among us, as we learned just a few moments ago, some creative artists and craftspeople, some of them Native Americans, and I presume there are artists here who are not Native Americans. For some of us, our interests and activities straddle two or more of these categories, and some of us don't belong to any of them. Collectors of Indian art are also part of our heterogeneity, and also dealers who specialize in Indian arts, and I hope there are some of them here today. Some of us create, some of us collect, some of us conserve, some teach, some exchange, and some are just satisfied to admire. But when you put it all together, that covers quite a bit of territory. When this amazing diversity of our backgrounds and interests finally came through to me, I stopped wondering about who we are and began to ponder the question of, if that's so, what is it that brings us all here together? Especially Iowa in March, which has turned out very, very much better than I could possibly have hoped for. Most of you would probably agree if I simply concluded at that point that we're all interested in American Indian art or art history. After all, that's what's indicated on the title of the conferences, and so, why wonder any more about that? However, these terms, as you're well aware, secretly if not openly, are very broad, and we could spend the next several days doing nothing more than simply trying to agree upon exact definitions of them. So I will state now, and I'm certain that this will please almost everyone, that I do not intend to spend any time now or later attempting to define the meaning of art. That's off. It is true that the question of our common motivation might appear to be solved if I simply concluded that we are brought here by a common interest in art, defined or undefined. And people come together for worse reasons than that. However, in attempting to go just a little bit further, I've concluded that the concerns which we share, and which have drawn us together, tend to resolve around two concepts, concepts which at first view might appear to be just as vague and diffuse as the concept of art, but I don't think this is quite the case. The nexus of our commonality, as I see it, centers upon beauty and appreciation. And look at the second notion first. We're all here because we're interested, whether we have a specific or a general interest in American Indian culture, or in ethnic art and other areas, we come to these meetings, all of us, borne on the current of some compelling interest, or else we should've stayed at home. Interest is the nucleus, certainly, and the necessary catalyst for the development of appreciation. It opens the mind and facilitates the recognition of aesthetic, technical, and functional qualities in alien as well as in familiar things. And the recognition of these qualities is at least the beginning of appreciation, a sense which grows with experience and breadth, and ultimately allows for the distinction between the ordinary, the excellent, and the best. If any of you do not yet have a fully developed sense of appreciation, you do at least have the germ, the moving interests that brought you here. So we're all interested. That doesn't get us very far in defining the concept of beauty. As you all know, all of you have been in this long enough to know that every article on American Indian art has to begin with the statement that quote, \"Native peoples do not attempt to create Art.\" And it's important to capitalize the last word. 'Course, this is aside from the group that we were just talking with a few minutes ago. But if we agree on that, and that gets a lot of stuff out of the way, then we should not, then, also be led to the conclusion that Native peoples did not attempt to produce beauty, or to beautify the world around them. And of course the term beauty, the concept, has to be considered within the framework of cultural relativism, but this is really beside the point. I assume that most of us here have our own standards of beauty, and many of us have also a deep appreciation for the aesthetic standards of some other cultures. What we all share is an appreciation for the skills with which the American Indians attempted to bring beauty into their lives, with which they attempted to beautify the things that they use and own. Such attempts have taken of course, many, many forms. The subtle shifts in the twining of a Paiute water bottle or a Tlingit hat. The geometric patterns on a parfleche, or the simple lines on a Hopi blanket. The complex polychrome designs on pottery, or the convoluted carvings of a totem pole, or the whirling floral sprays of Central Algonquian beadwork. It doesn't really matter whether we call these creations art, or crafts, or folk art, or anything else. What most of us are concerned with, and what we all appreciate, are the diverse products which Indians of various times and places produced to add interest and beauty to their lives. It doesn't even matter whether we think that all of them are beautiful. The study and appreciation of the works which any people created for aesthetic pleasure and stimulation provides a deeper understanding of their culture. It enriches all our lives, both participants and observers. It also connotes an acceptance of the arts as one of the most compelling and significant currents which flow through any society. But even if it is true that each one of you shares with your neighbor this interest in and appreciation of the various aesthetic creations of the American Indians, still, we represent a multitude of diverse approaches and even attitudes toward them. Does this diversity divide us from each other even more than our common interests unite us? Is it possible for artists, historians, collectors, ethnologists, curators and the rest of us to talk with each other, or even to have some understanding of the different points of view represented here? Will our variety contribute to the depth and sophistication of the understanding of American Indian cultures and the dynamics of art history, or will it produce only confusion? One way we might avoid potential chaos, and perhaps move together toward mutual understanding is to take a brief look at some of the elements of our diversity and ask how each might contribute to common understanding. Now, some of this has already been going on, even in the first day of the conference here. First, let us consider the art historians among us. There are quite a few art historians, but simply because you happen to teach in a different department in the same university, or even in the same building, it doesn't necessarily mean that you understand, or are even cognizant of what the art historians are doing, so I will elucidate. These are the people obviously most directly responsible for stimulating this series of meetings, and the titles of the conferences reflect this source. I'm not an art historian, and I was talking with Dr. Dockstader a little while ago, and we are both, he's now teaching in an art department, and a couple of years ago I taught in an art department, and we both felt that it would bring about some very significant difference, at least in our looks, but the effect didn't seem to impress very many people, and so we have just born with it manfully and have enjoyed the process. But nevertheless, in spite of this, I do not speak as a trained art historian. I have to apologize here to all of them if my summary of their approach to American Indian art is seriously wrong. I don't do this intentionally. It's important to recognize, for the rest of us, that art history is not simply a chronological review of artists and art styles and art movements. It is this, but more importantly for us here, it also represents a particular type of art analysis. And to quote one art historian, who is not here, I don't think, at least I haven't met her, quote, \"Its primary concern is with stylistic and iconographic analysis of objects, and with what one can learn about history through such investigations.\" It often involves inductive reasoning, and on one level, as some signs appears to outsiders such as us to be largely intuitive and impressionistic, but there's also a carefully structured approach to analysis which attempts to define the visual systems of the artist's culture through scheduled examination of what are referred to as spatial codes, that is the way of expressing spatial depth and relationship, of proportional codes, and its compositional tendencies to arrange elements in squares, circles, or other repeated configurations, or iconic codes, which deal with qualities of symmetry and asymmetry of framing and other features. There are other other elements that are examined in similar fashion, and I can't go into them here, the point is that they are examined in this manner in order to permit careful and logical comparison. And I mention these only as samples of what can be the systematic approach in the kinds of analyses which some art historians employ, and which they can contribute to our common efforts. Comparisons of tribal or temporal styles, for example, in beadwork or in pottery decoration, must depend upon such systematic analysis if they're to be productive of anything more than just impressions. Bill Holm's classic analysis of Northwest Coast art is an example of this kind of careful and sensitive approach to complex aesthetic phenomena. And Norman Feder's meticulous dissection of designs on Plains quill rosettes is somewhat similar, but as in the symposium recently in \"American Indian Art Magazine\" on beadwork designs in the Crow and Plateau complex, extensive and scholarly use is also made of historical ethological data at every opportunity, so that every one of the disciplines represented definitely tend to move from one discipline to another, and the more they do, the better their groundwork is going to be. We also have among us historians, not necessarily art historians, but those interested in the political, social, and economic events and conditions within which all the creative materials that we deal with came into being, flourished, or decline. It's a cliche that one ignores history at his peril, and it should be clear that the historians' contribution to the study of culture is essential. The historian may not know very much about American Indian art, but he knows a great deal about the forces which affected it. What were the influences of, you know, people like generals and politicians and traders and explorers and missionaries? What regions did they reach when, and what did they bring with them? There are many questions which are best answered by historical research, and historians are better equipped to do historical research than most of us. The contributions of the ethnologists among us should be fairly obvious, but it was apparent this afternoon that they're not equally acceptable to all of us. Not only have the ethnologists concerned themselves with the total culture context within which the creative activities take place, but they have been responsible also for elucidating the clear and significant differences between the different tribes, between different areas, and defining them as they were. And for at least making an attempt to understand the covert aspects of these cultures, which define standards, which define ideals, and which govern the designs of such things as the totem poles and effigy pipes and anything else which is made. And this gets us back, of course, to the matter of aesthetics. It's been stylish in recent years to say that ethnologists have never been interested in the aesthetic products of the people they studied, or appreciated them, but the acceptance of this canard simply indicates an ignorance of ethnological research and literature, I think. Classic studies or particular arts and artists include such things as Bunzel's and Marriott's studies of Pueblo potters, Adair's work on Navajo silver, O'Neill's study of Yurok-Karok basket makers, Rutgers' work with the Navajo weavers, and M.R. Harrington's early study of the last of the Iroquois potters. Music, dance, and poetry still continue to be important areas of ethnological research. Ethnologists have attempted also to describe tribal art styles, and such synthesizing explorations as those that have been attempted by people like de Azevedo and Wolf have tried to define the patterns of relationships that exist between art forms and other cultural institutions. In other words, all the way from the particular artist working in a particular mode to general, universal concepts of the relationship of art to the rest of society has fallen in within the bailiwick of some ethnologist. Other ethnologists, as you know, have been active in supporting Native American artists in their search for new forms and techniques, And we need only mention, and I'll come back to this later, people like Chapman and Hewitt and Fuchs and their work with the Martinez family and other Pueblo potters to make the point. We have archeologists, also, and they have of course, somewhat similar interests, and often work closely with historians and ethnologists, and they share with other disciplines a concern with temporal sequences in art forms and styles, and their efforts to explain chronological shifts and developments have led the archeologists into a real concern with cultural dynamics and cultural processes. They have not been satisfied simply with saying, \"This happens and this happens and this happens,\" they have also gone back and asked the questions of why. And then maybe they can tell you what happened through time in many parts of the world, and sometimes they may even be able to tell you why it might've happened the way it did. And as archeologists' research progresses, the divisions between the prehistoric and the historic horizons tend to fade, and styles and motifs of the recent past can be seen to extend back into history, and often back into antiquity. And this emerging vision of the past frequently serves as inspiration, or as catalysts, for the artists among us, which is not necessarily to say that Native American artists draw upon archeologists, but the influence is there, and their search for their own roots is frequently aided by this kind of research. But it serves as a catalyst, as a stimulation and possibly as a control, and I think this control matter is fairly obvious. Now, the presence among us also have a number of Native American artists is an event of great importance and value. They not only provide us with many of the materials to engage and justify our studies, and also with many things to enjoy and to enrich our lives, but they can tell us directly, and have been doing this today, something about why they do what they do, and why they don't do it some other way. They're also especially well-prepared, better than any others, to explain, if they wish, their tribal and personal codes, and some of this went on today too, and to perhaps use their unique experiences for the description and analysis of the works of other artists, because as they describe the work of their fellows, they are in a much better position to explicate on it than others who are outside on a number of other bases, and especially they can discuss with authority the complexities of creativity. Collaboration between artists and ethnologists and art historians has gone on in the past, and even beyond such participation as seminars like this, I'm sure it will continue in the future. Now these artists might not exist, and our studies of others would certainly be curtailed if it were not for the presence of some others in our group. Although they're not really quite the same, I have combined curators, collectors, and dealers, because they not only study American Indian arts, they buy it. And probably in the long run, this is going to be the greatest contribution. But in this, as they are doing this, as they collect it for a museum, for purposes of education, for a personal collection, with objectives of status or ultimate financial security, or in order to sell the materials immediately for a profit, these members of our group have been instrumental in preserving a host of art objects which might well have disappeared without their intervention. They have also been important agents in making these objects available to the public and to permit scholarly research. And let it not be forgotten that they also provide moral and financial support for struggling Native American craftspeople and artists. And in addition, these people, I'd like to emphasize this, these are the people who generally have possessed the most authentic and the most detailed knowledge about craft techniques, tribal styles, historical changes, and other valuable information about American Indian arts that is not usually available in our libraries or classrooms. Each of these groups among us contributes to our diversity, and each has something special contribute to the study of the phenomenon which holds our common interest, North American Indian arts. Before considering any further our relationships to each other, I'd like to take a look at what the materials are that compel our interests and merit our hours of research and the many volumes that we produce describing and analyzing them. The immense variety of activities, craft techniques, and objects with which we're involved is enormous, and they're so widely scattered in time and space that it seems unlikely that we could discover any single things that would bring us together to talk about. We deal with contemporary paintings, prehistoric stone carving, beadwork, weaving, masks, feather and quillwork, songs, costume, you know, the list is literally endless. Everybody is interested in something. And some of us are antiquarians, and have little interest in any American Indian materials made after the turn of the century, or some other date that defines the end of Native authenticity or purity, but it can't be denied, even by those people, that many Native American Indian arts have survived into the present, and just the young people we were talking to today, or were talking to us today, attest very clearly to continued artistic vigor. Careful attention, however, must be given to the study of contemporary Indian arts, and a number of us are doing this, but the past is also important. And if we expect to examine the directions or rates of change in any of the arts, or attempt to understand their responses to changing conditions, we need time perspective. Obviously the archeologists provide us with some time depth for the examination of these problems, and although much of their research deals with the distant past, there are also excavations that they conduct which touch directly upon the historic present. The excavations at the Makah site of Ozette, and the work at the early Huron sites in Ontario, and the Mandan and Pawnee villages in the upper Missouri, and the historic villages in the Mackinac Straits region. All these provide specific information about the arts of many tribes immediately before and during the confusing and usually destructive era of first contact with the white invaders. For much of this period of conflict and accommodation, the historic archives provide us with firsthand accounts from traders and soldiers and missionaries and others who were present, and there are also drawings and paintings and trade lists and correspondence and other documents of the time. Best of all for our particular interests, there are some actual artifacts made by Indians of that time and place, and sometimes drawings or paintings made of them or by them. Many of these are in collections gathered by European travelers who returned home with curiosities, with souvenirs, with loot, and they have become resources for us. And it is one of the most, and most of the collections were regarded primarily as curiosities, which reflected the strange customs of the far-off Red Indians, but some collections, even at an early time, were gathered for purposes of education. For example, the king of France in 1740 required his missionaries and some of his military people to collect artifacts for the education of French children, and some of these artifacts still exist. It's one of the most exciting rewards of research, plowing through collections, especially other people's collections, to bring to light, and have the opportunity to examine, such rare and early specimens as the painted robe of the Illinois tribe that was sent to France in 1675 by Father Jacques Marquette, or Powhatan's mantle, which was made before 1607, and is preserved in the museum at Oxford. There're of course not many pieces left from as early as the 17th century, and this is why things like the elaborate wampum belts made by the Huron and Abenaki and presented to Chartres Cathedral in 1678 and 1699 are so important and valuable. There are many more collections of the 18th century that have survived, especially of Pacific Coast materials, such as those collected by Captain Cook between 1776 and 1780, and by other English expeditions. There're also important Northwest Coast collections gathered by such Spanish explorers as Malaspina, about 1890, and a number of Russian expeditions as early as 1888. The vagaries of trade and international competition seemed to have resulted in the preservation of more early materials from the Northwest Coast than from any other area in North America. Early collections were probably made among the Eastern tribes at this time too, but very little appears to have survived. The small Algonquian collection, for instance, that Sir John Caldwell took back to Ireland in 1780, and the fine quilled buckskin bag given to Lord Jeffrey Amherst about 1760 are among the few specimens from this early era that have actual and precise documentation. If the Spanish in the Southeast or the French in the lower Mississippi Valley during this period compiled any Indian materials from the many about the Natchez, and by James Adair on the Chickasaw, Henry Timberlake on the Cherokee, William Bartram, Benjamin Hawkins, and a number of others, but there's no indication that I know of that any of these worthy gentlemen collected any Indian material and took it back to wherever they were going. The comments and descriptions provided by these accounts are invaluable for us, but they reflect the Indians through other men's eyes and other men's words. It's of greater value for us, I think, in understanding the early cultures of this area, that we have the paintings and drawings made by early European visitors. As early as 1564, Jacques LeMoyne recorded the Timucua Indians of Florida, and John White made detailed paintings of the villages and activities of the Algonquian tribes of North Carolina and Virginia in 1585. The 17th century is almost a blank so far as visual representations of Eastern Indians are concerned. There're spotted bits here and there of sketches and engravings, but very little that is consistent. But from the beginning of the 18th century, we have such things as semiformal portraits of Iroquois and Mohawk chiefs who visited London in 1710, and the ornate, interesting drawings of Charles Becart de Granville, which depict Indians from the Saint Lawrence Valley west to the Great Lakes. And in 1732, de Batz painted the Atakapa and some other tribes in Louisiana, and Le Page du Pratz drew pictures of the Natchez before 1758. At a slightly later time, pictures of colorful and very fierce Iroquois warriors were painted by Grasset de Saint Sauveur in 1787. It's interesting to look at these fierce warriors, the Iroquois, and it's necessary to remember that they were not the lasting and intimate friends of the French at the time these pictures were being painted. In this same period are excellent recordings being made on the Pacific Coast, where they got everything, by Jose Cardero and Tomas Suria and other artists who are with the Malaspina expeditions. The work of these 18th century artists is important to us not necessarily because of its own intrinsic aesthetic qualities, but because they provide us with the only depictions of the arts and the dress and the decoration of these early Indians. Even archeology cannot provide such visions of the living people. By the beginning of the 19th century, if we look at the things that we have to draw upon for our comparative studies of change, the historical record, and also the preservation of the collection of Indian arts change. While exploration and settlement of the West proceeded with increasing speed, and with eventual disaster for the Native Americans, artists were depicting the country and the people and Indian arts were collected for the emerging museums of the East. Many of the paintings made during the early part of the 19th century have survived. But once again, the bulk of the collections from this early part have disappeared. Norm Feder documented the tragic scarcity of Indian artifacts from this period in his catalog \"American Indian Art Before 1850,\" which records the results of his continent-wide search for documented early specimens. For example, the great collection that was amassed in St. Louis by General William Clark in the first decades of the century seem to have vanished completely. So far as Feder was concerned, he was never able to find any remnants of this, even tracing down through such historical records as were available to him. The smaller collections have been preserved, and Feder mentioned such examples as Eastern Sioux materials in the Brooklyn Museum, which were gathered by Dr. Nathan S. Jarvis between 1833 and 1836, Francis Parkman's materials from 1820, and Stephen Return Riggs' Sioux artifacts from the 1840s, which are now in the Peabody Museum in Salem. The American Museum of Natural History has the colonel's swords collection, gathered in Kansas in 1835. And isolated but important items also exist. The 1800 Naskapi coat in the Royal Ontario Museum, and the Penn wampum belt with its twine bag, which are reported to have been made by the Delaware as early as 1700. There're also fine Iroquois wampum belts dated from 1750 and 1790 in the New York State Museum, and some of the materials brought back by Lewis and Clark in 1805, which eventually came to the Peabody Museum at Harvard. Feder noted the existence of very important early collections in Europe, and it should be noted that they are scattered, so far as I can gather, from Helsinki to Florence, and they're owned by major museums, small provincial museums, by private collectors, in England, France, the Scandinavian countries, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Czechoslovakia, Russia, yeah, who knows where else? Many of these collections hold fragments of the shattered collection of Captain Cook. And there are other documented materials in Europe, such as those gathered of course, by Prince Maximilian of Wied in 1833 and Laurence Alphonse Jacques's Crow collection from about 1837, the Eastern Sioux collection made by Count Albert Alexander Alexandre de Pourtales in 1823, 1833. So there are some solid units of very well-documented materials documented by collection place and collection time, and collection who. Probably the greatest collection, of course, from this period, in spite of the vicissitudes which it suffered and the loss and damage it sustained is the remainder of the materials so assiduously gathered by George Catlin in his wide travels between 1832 and 1840. And although he hoped that his enormous collection and his many paintings would be purchased by the government, his wishes were denied, and it was finally nothing more than happenstance that brought what was left of them to the US National Museum seven years after the artist's death. The collection is still an ethnological treasure. And Catlin was not the only painter to gather collections and preserve for us the images of the Native Americans in the first half of the 19th century. John Ewers recently wrote about this, and came to the conclusion that these adventurous artists brought back some of the most beautiful specimens because they responded with such personal sympathy and understanding to Indian aesthetics. Among those he mentioned are Titian Ramsay Peale, who painted the Plains tribes in 1818, '19, and '20, and Jean-Louis Berlandier, who painted the Texas Comanches in 1828, and collected specimens which are now in the Smithsonian Institution. And John James Audubon, I gather was more interested in painting birds than in painting Indians, but he did bring back a fine Blackfeet dress in 1843 which is now on the American Museum of Natural History. It was not recorded that he made any collections, but Peter Rindisbacher certainly gave us the best picture we have of early Chippewa and Sioux in the detailed paintings that he did between 1820 and 1830. Very important documents. At a slightly earlier time, in 1804, de Saint-Memin painted portraits of Osage chiefs who came to visit with Thomas Jefferson, and between 1821 and 1842, as many of you know, Charles Bird King painted more than 100 Indian visitors from more than 20 tribes. And these are very important for our studies because they're so rich in details of dress and decoration, as well as details recording the appearance of the people. Most of these paintings were lost in the Smithsonian fire of 1865, but their images are preserved, fortunately, in the full color lithographs which illustrate McKenney and Hall's three volume \"History of the Indian Tribes of North America.\" James Otto Lewis also painted many Indians at the same time and published them in his \"Aboriginal Portfolio\" in 1835. And the many paintings of John Mix Stanley, who traveled them on the Indians from 1840 to 1850, were also destroyed in the Smithsonian fire and few reproductions of them remain. And even this rapid survey would have to include other artists, such as Samuel Seymour and Seth Eastman, who painted the upper Mississippi and Missouri Valley tribes between 1828 and 1845, and of course the great Karl Bodmer, whose masterpieces of Plains Indians were done in 1833 when he was with Prince Maximilian, and Alfred Jacob Miller, who traveled to the Rocky Mountains with the Scottish adventurer Sir William Drummond Stewart in 1837. It should not be forgotten, while we're talking about all these artists moving into the West and collecting materials and painting the Indians they pose for their portraits, it should not be forgotten that this was also the era in which Tecumseh failed in his attempt to stall the Western expansion by means of an inter-tribal confederacy. And it was also the same period that saw the forced relocation of the Southeastern tribes by President Andrew Jackson, and the dissemination of the Mandan and the Pawnee and the Blackfeet and the Assiniboine and other tries by epidemics of smallpox and other diseases, which were introduced by the whites slightly before this time. So everything was not pleasant, pretty, in spite of some of the reflections in the paintings. In the later years of the 19th century, other artists continued to be captivated by the Indians and their arts, and even after the interruption of the Civil War and the advent of photography, drawings and paintings continued to be in demand by magazines and newspaper, and in order to convey the folk with full color, the Indian wars, and also the declining, but still colorful ways of the Western tribes. As early as 1850... Oh, some of the collections, I should say at this time, of course, as you would expect from the historical situation, were made by soldiers, military men, but museum collecting was also going on, and the first ethnological field studies of Indian societies began well before the end of the century. In 1866, the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology was founded at Harvard, and immediately acquired some old collections from other museums that were going out of business at the time, and the American Museum of Natural History was established in 1869. And both these institutions sent staff members almost immediately into the field to study Indian cultures and to return with collections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103429#t=0.0,2731.91184"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Franz Boas, who began his research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=10.68,12.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Northwest Coast, not from the American 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artists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=717.12,720.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose works are their lineal descendants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=720.53,723.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not necessarily derived directly from them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=723.31,726.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but spiritually related.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=726.56,729.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I put in the word spiritually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=729.28,730.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before it got into the discussion this afternoon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=730.9,733.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One more thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=735.01,736.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do we study and/or appreciate this immense body","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=736.11,740.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of native American art?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=740.59,741.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do we approach it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=741.97,743.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've already mentioned our diversity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=743.71,746.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the program indicates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=746.35,747.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have a variety of different interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=747.55,749.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It should be clear that there's no single approach,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=749.4,752.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is superior to all others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=752.52,754.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That I think is one thing for us all to agree on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=754.82,758.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then attempting to understand the 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tribal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=772.58,776.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or temporal identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=776.35,778.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some are concerned with changes in distributions of styles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=778.22,782.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others are interested in origins","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=782.18,784.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and dynamics of culture change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=784.2,786.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or in the functions of various types of implements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=786.55,789.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the techniques by which they were made or decorated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=789.7,793.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have many kinds of questions to ask.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=793.23,795.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's important to state them clearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=795.71,797.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to share them with each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=797.95,800.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I recommend that you look at the clearly stated questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=800.04,803.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listed by a Norman Fader as an introduction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=803.29,806.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the problem of the interrelationships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=806.11,808.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the Crow and their basin plateau neighbors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=808.2,811.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's extremely difficult to formulate answers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=811.48,815.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you don't know what the significant questions are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=815.21,817.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To end these comments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=818.76,820.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to summarize some of the approaches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=820.5,823.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which might be followed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=825.39,826.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I see it there are three basic categories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=828.29,832.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I have chosen to designate as,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=832.81,835.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one, Descriptive Taxonomic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=835.03,838.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two, Analytical Explanatory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=838.02,840.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Three, Synthetic Projective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=840.95,843.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These titles sound very menacing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=843.81,846.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they really only refer to the kinds of work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=846.4,848.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that most of you are doing now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=848.89,852.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and without knowing what they are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=852.28,853.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first type of study, descriptive taxonomic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=854.86,858.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is called this because it asks questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=858.49,861.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the distinctive characteristics of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=861.18,864.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or complexes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=864.45,865.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And attempts to answer them with precise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=865.97,868.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pertinent descriptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=868.47,871.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The constituent parts of any forms must be described","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=871.06,874.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before they can be discussed coherently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=874.69,878.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Description is necessary before the next logical step","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=878.15,881.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be taken, which has comparison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=881.41,884.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before Crow art can be compared with anything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=884.47,887.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it must be described adequately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=887.61,889.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be known well enough to classify it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=889.67,891.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into its distinctive styles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=891.65,893.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many studies as seems to me break down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=894.48,896.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the first basic procedure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=896.67,898.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not dealt with adequately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=898.95,900.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would urge that you do not feel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=901.99,904.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what is sometimes referred to as \"Mirror description\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=904.95,909.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is unimportant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=910.05,911.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Descriptive studies are the cornerstones of research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=911.72,914.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They respond to the fundamental questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=914.88,917.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what is it and how was it made and how was it used?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=917.05,921.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With interpretive and taxonomic answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=921.17,924.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second kind of study,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=924.99,926.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depends upon adequate description of the material at hand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=926.76,931.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To be able to ask questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=931.05,933.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"requiring analytic exploratory answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=933.1,937.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These questions usually begin with why","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=937.54,941.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and inquire under the nature of the object","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=941.16,943.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its relationships with other phenomena.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=943.24,946.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead of asking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=946.26,947.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how in what ways does Crow art resemble its neighbors?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=947.3,952.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question now becomes, why do they resemble","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=952.14,955.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not resemble each 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information,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1161.33,1163.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to check hunches and to make friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1163.55,1167.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we do this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1167.44,1168.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we recognize the various contributions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1168.65,1171.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each of our diverse constituents can provide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1171.5,1175.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we may teach each other, appreciate each other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1175.29,1179.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even eventually learn something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1179.28,1180.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about North American Indian art.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1180.78,1182.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1183.37,1184.441"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1184.441,1187.358"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you want take a question or two?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=1199.297,1202.02"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21148/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/148/original/AV203240_The_Benefits_of_Diversity_B.vtt?1608541909","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/148/original/AV203240_The_Benefits_of_Diversity_B.vtt?1608541909"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21149","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203240_The_Benefits_of_Diversity_B.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430/transcript/21149/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Franz Boas, who began his research on the Northwest Coast, not from the American Museum in 1886. Later directed the famous Jesup Expedition from 1897 to the beginning of the 20th century. And sent Swanton to work with the Haida and James Teit to the interior Salish at this time. And at the same time, the American Museum purchased the great Tlingit collection which had been gathered by lieutenant George Emmons, at an earlier time. And by the end of the 19th century, out of the American museum, Dixon was working in California. And the whole series, there's great series of \"Plains Indian Studies\" was begun about this time by such notable ethnologists, as Kroeber Louis and Wister. And the collections they procured are still today among the finest in the world. An equally active program of research and collecting was carried on by the Bureau of American Ethnology. I thought it wasn't American at its founding from the time of its established in 1879. And within the next 20 years, all kinds of things were going on out of the Bureau. Cushing lived at Zuni. Fuchs was with the Hopi. Alice Fletcher was among the Omaha. Adolph Bandelier was doing research in the Rio Grande Pueblos. And Boas who was with the Bureau at that time, was out on the Northwest coast. In addition to this Mooney started with the Cherokee and then of course undertook his study of the Ghost Dance. While James and Matilda Stevenson went to Zuni where Matilda continued her research and worked also at Hopi and Sia for the next 16 years. During this period, there were also other museums that were founded. And a good bit of ethnological research and a good bit of collecting going on at these other museums at the same time. But looking at just these few that I have, I should convey some idea of the sort of activity which had begun by this this time and was already in the process of providing resources for the future. Public curiosity and fascination with the Indian, was very high during this period. Was clearly manifest at the series of great fairs or expositions, such as the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876 and the New Orleans Fair of '84 and the Chicago Fair in '93 and the St. Louis Fair of 1904. And the ways in which the interest was expressed was interesting because at each of these great events, Indian arts and the Indians themselves, were major attractions. And many ethnologists and government agents were hired to gather specimens for the exhibitions. And to persuade groups of Indians and Eskimos to build replicas of their native villages and to live in them during the fairs. Demonstrating dances and songs and pottery making and basket weaving and silver work and woodcarving and other craft activities for the edification and amusement of the public. And vestiges of this practice as you know linger today. But during the final quarter of the 19th century, when the Indians world was in most places, deteriorating with little expectation at that time of improved conditions. Many aspects of the traditional cultures faded and a combination of dwindling belief and ever increasing poverty, led to the sale of many personal and ceremonial objects to the avid collectors from the cities. Many villages in camps were literally emptied of all baskets and costumes, ceremonial bundles, pots, mats and everything traditional. They were replaced by galvanized buckets, factory shoes, cotton shirts, and Stetson hats. There was also another reaction at this time, one of the less destructive nature. With the disappearance of the customary pattern of living and its daily and annual routine. Many Indians with very little to do in their traditional way of making their living, pass their time with visiting, with social ceremonies and eventually with powwows. And for these occasions, fancy dance costumes were needed. And elaborate bead work and ribbon applique and other crafts were very actively revived to provide them. And as supply of old craft items shrunk, these later creations were produced increasingly for the collectors, as well as for the use of fellow tribesmen. This was nothing more really than a continuation and a development of an adaptive practice, which had existed since early contact. The production of goods for sale to outsiders was common, at least as early as the 18th century. When they hear on an Iroquois made moccasins and other articles elaborately decorated with designs and quillwork and moose hair embroidery. And the Miꞌkmaq quilt chair backs for English merchants. And the typical splint basketry of the Atlantic seaboard tribes was, as Ted Brasseur has demonstrated not only made principally for sale to Swedish and German settlers, but was learned from them originally. This whole process has led to an interesting kind of Indian-White collaboration in the arts. I think has been mutually benefit in many regards. And the role of Fuchs and Hewett and Chapman among others I've mentioned in the amazing development of 20th century Pueblo pottery. And everybody knows about that. But similar relationships existed between the Navajo weavers and traders, such as Lorenzo Hubbell, JB Moore and others. And painting with Oscar Jacobson on Dorothy Dunn and the early Indian painters and between the Salish weavers and people like Oliver Wells. The total effect of the efforts of people, like Lyford and Meryl or Marriott and Kiva New and Federoff and Dockstader and other devoted members of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board has never been completely reviewed in detail, nor I think fully appreciated. A number of you here today are still involved in this kind of collaboration. A relationship which is often productive and which involves a cooperative struggle for what we were talking about here, for regard and for acceptance. Chapman was working with the Pueblo and Navajo painters as early as 1902. But it was 1907 before they began to achieve any recognition. And as Sean courtesy Smith pointed out earlier, it was 1917 before anything happened. And John Sloan, the artist entered some Pueblo paintings in the Society for Independence Artists in New York and arranged an exhibition for these paintings at the Arts Club in Chicago. And the next year, there was a show for San Ildefonso painter at the American Museum of Natural History. The Indian Arts Fund of Santa Fe, actively purchased paintings from the time of his first establishment in the early 1920s. And other institutions also made purchases, but the general acceptance was still slow and coming. And it wasn't until 1931, that a major exhibition was mounted. And here again, John Sloan was again a moving force along with Oliver La Farge and Herbert Spinden and Emilio White and others. And they mounted an exhibition, in which the exhibition catalog said, \"To accompany the first exhibition of American Indian art, \"selected entirely with consideration of aesthetic value. \"For the purpose of stimulating and supporting \"American Indian artists by creating a wider interest \"and more intelligent appreciation of their work.\" This was the objective of the people, who were able to mount the show. This exhibition was followed by shows in various European countries. And for a while, there was more Indian art being shown in Europe than there was in the United States. But after some gap, by 1939, it will jump to that data at this point. George Vaillant, \"Indian arts in North America\" was published. And two wildly successful shows opened at the Golden Gate International Exposition. And in San Francisco, here we go with another exposition. One of these of course was mounted by Erna Gunther and the other by Frederick Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt. And with these shows, American Indian art, native American Indian art, not just American Indian painting, suddenly attracted worldwide attention. And almost overnight achieved a certain kind of status. And with this status, of course, antique dealers and fine arts museums rushed to acquire everything they could find. And the all time ethnological collectors tended to get frozen out by skyrocketing prices. A new era had begun. Many of the great collections such as the Haida and the Harvey collections began not long before the turn of the century and continued to be very active for subsequent decades. This does not mean that they don't have anything in their collections, which is not older than 1890. Because they collected old things as well as new things. But what we find as we go through museums, is that only a few collections possess early specimens. And most of the large collections consists largely of items made between 1890 and 1930. It's important to remember that many Indian crafts not only survived into this period, but some of them took on new life. These more recent collections of Indian arts, as well as the early ones I mentioned, constitute the materials from which we may draw for an understanding of the techniques and styles of Indian arts through the years. They are the resources available to us of past times and all the processes which have been involved and the changes, the transformations and the developments which have occurred over the years. The old specimens are important, also for the recognition of traditional tribal styles which may have changed. And they're valuable to contemporary artists who may find stimulation and inspiration in the treasures of the past. Fundamentally, they constitute a rich heritage in themselves. But they serve also as a background for appreciation of the creative efforts of the contemporary artists whose works are their lineal descendants. Not necessarily derived directly from them, but spiritually related. And I put in the word spiritually before it got into the discussion this afternoon. One more thing, how do we study and/or appreciate this immense body of native American art? How do we approach it? I've already mentioned our diversity and the program indicates that we have a variety of different interests. It should be clear that there's no single approach, which is superior to all others. That I think is one thing for us all to agree on. And then attempting to understand the ways in which our diverse interests may interlock and possibly serve to elucidate our common subject matter. We might begin by looking at the kinds of questions we ask. Some of us are interested in questions of tribal or temporal identity. Some are concerned with changes in distributions of styles. Others are interested in origins and dynamics of culture change. Or in the functions of various types of implements and the techniques by which they were made or decorated. We have many kinds of questions to ask. And it's important to state them clearly and to share them with each other. I recommend that you look at the clearly stated questions listed by a Norman Fader as an introduction to the problem of the interrelationships between the Crow and their basin plateau neighbors. It's extremely difficult to formulate answers if you don't know what the significant questions are. To end these comments, I would like to summarize some of the approaches which might be followed. As I see it there are three basic categories, which I have chosen to designate as, one, Descriptive Taxonomic. Two, Analytical Explanatory. Three, Synthetic Projective. These titles sound very menacing, but they really only refer to the kinds of work that most of you are doing now and without knowing what they are. The first type of study, descriptive taxonomic is called this because it asks questions about the distinctive characteristics of things or complexes. And attempts to answer them with precise and pertinent descriptions. The constituent parts of any forms must be described before they can be discussed coherently. Description is necessary before the next logical step can be taken, which has comparison. Before Crow art can be compared with anything, it must be described adequately and be known well enough to classify it into its distinctive styles. Many studies as seems to me break down because the first basic procedure is not dealt with adequately. I would urge that you do not feel that what is sometimes referred to as \"Mirror description\" is unimportant. Descriptive studies are the cornerstones of research. They respond to the fundamental questions of what is it and how was it made and how was it used? With interpretive and taxonomic answers. The second kind of study, depends upon adequate description of the material at hand. To be able to ask questions requiring analytic exploratory answers. These questions usually begin with why and inquire under the nature of the object and its relationships with other phenomena. Instead of asking, how in what ways does Crow art resemble its neighbors? The question now becomes, why do they resemble or not resemble each other? And the explanation has to be sought beyond the specimens themselves. In an examination and analysis of cultural, historical, psychological, sociological, and other factors which might have exerted an influence. It doesn't suffice merely does describe a similarity between two or more styles as influenced by \"historical factors\" and then write it off. Is necessarily to examine the nature of these putative influences to determine the actual processes by which the two styles became similar instead of dissimilar. The possibility that other factors might've accounted for the degree of similarity must be examined also. Until finally it can be demonstrated that the historic influences or some other influences constitute the most acceptable answer. This process moves toward an explanation and understanding of the problem. The final type of study, the synthetic projective depends for its basic data upon the other two types. Without such a solid base it becomes guesswork not analysis. In the area of our interests, such a study would examine the Crow plateau explanation, and then go on to compare it with other similar situations. In an attempt to determine the presence of any common features or processes, which they might share with each other. And which might be recurrent in all situations of this kind, whether on American Indian art or in any other. This kind of generalization or a formation of theoretical propositions depends absolutely upon effective prior description and analysis of the component parts and processes. Recognition of recurrent factors makes it possible to formulate a hypothesis which then can be tested for validity in as many cases as possible. And when the generalization has achieved the status of, \"Best possible explanation\", then it might be used to make tentative predictions of what might one might find in situations of a similar type. It might be said that these represent different levels of understanding. But even so, each one constitutes a contribution in itself. And each produces conclusions of potential value because different people find their interests more compatible with some kinds of studies rather than others. We each do our own things and this is fine and as it should be. But we have to be careful that we don't communicate only with our own kind. If we do this, we tend to become narrow minded. And we also miss the stimulation and enjoyment of discussion and sometimes of argument. This is one of the positive functions of such a meeting as this. It brings us all together for a few days in a situation where it's very difficult to ignore each other. And in some cases, we even listen to each other. It's an opportunity to communicate, to test ideas, to acquire information, to check hunches and to make friends. And if we do this, if we recognize the various contributions, each of our diverse constituents can provide, we may teach each other, appreciate each other, and even eventually learn something about North American Indian art. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Do you want take a question or two?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34588/file/103430#t=0.0,1221.19837"}]}]}]}