{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/z02z31pf2s/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Keller, Clair W., To Be or Not to Be a Revolutionary"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["To Be or Not to Be a Revolutionary: The Agony of Decision-Making in the American Revolution. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=23.6,24.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the title of the talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=26.29,27.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"To Be or Not to Be a Revolutionary\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=27.817,30.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the making or I suppose I could say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=30.99,33.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unmaking of revolutionaries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=33.2,36.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might seem rather subversive or blasphemous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=36.84,40.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming so close to that climatic moment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=40.49,44.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our bicentennial celebration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=44.11,46.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, we are at this point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=46.52,48.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the very stages of the countdown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=48.54,51.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the ringing of the bells","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=51.72,53.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in fact that some people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=54.69,57.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are worried about that moment I guess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=57.73,59.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hope is maybe that the noise will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=59.257,61.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make the earth shake or something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=62.38,64.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the thing is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=65.37,68.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during this euphoria surrounding our celebration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=68.21,71.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our nation's 200th birthday","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=71.99,74.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it might be rather difficult to convince an audience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=74.81,78.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the desire for independence was not unanimous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=78.58,83.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the decision for many Americans at that time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=84.89,89.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a slow and agonizing one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=89.84,92.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the outcome of the debate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=93.66,95.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for individuals and for nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=97.0,98.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as for our nation as a whole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=99.83,102.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not a foregone conclusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=102.43,104.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, those who favored 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Concord","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=112.27,115.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to persuade the majority of delegates gathered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=115.55,118.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the meeting of The Second Continental 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independent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=126.48,131.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Adams,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=134.44,135.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once 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neutral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=144.15,146.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one-third opposed the idea altogether.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=146.79,150.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I think that's an 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oppose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=157.51,159.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might use say those who favored independence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=160.83,164.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the second group rather than being 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supper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=785.59,787.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tarred and feathered, carted around town for three hours,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=789.48,794.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken to the Liberty tree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=794.49,796.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a rope was placed around his neck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=797.06,799.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then he was asked to 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Liberty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=803.55,807.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or hey, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=809.29,810.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he had not heard of Nathan Hale at that time, so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=813.99,816.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he recanted like most of us would probably do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=819.57,823.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well and a lot of times when we think of this 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it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=832.26,834.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply because it seemed like the kind of a frolic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=834.0,836.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of people having fun, throwing tar on people and stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=836.5,840.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but people were maimed as a result of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=841.53,844.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or seriously injured.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=844.21,846.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it, of course it was a humiliating experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=846.45,850.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And remember a lot of the 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=862.68,865.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, this is the following excerpt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=867.75,872.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a description of the process, quote, it says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=874.158,877.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The following is a recipe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=877.98,879.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"for an effectual operation tarring and feathering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=879.917,884.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"first strip the person naked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=884.097,887.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"then heat the tar until it is thin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=887.037,890.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Then pour upon the naked flesh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=890.407,893.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"rub it over with a tar brush","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=893.387,895.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"after which sprinkled decently upon the tar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=895.877,899.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"whilst is yet warm as many feathers as we'll stick to it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=899.757,904.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"then hold a lighted candle to the feathers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=904.527,907.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and try to set it on a fire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=907.377,909.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"If it will burn so much the better","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=909.807,913.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"but as the experiment is often made in cold 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names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1176.27,1178.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the judge said these people came and they swore before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1178.07,1180.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the names were 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through,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1192.4,1194.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to about the time of the constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1194.38,1197.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And evidently people were not forgiving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1197.9,1201.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if you still had to at some point come in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1201.03,1204.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and swear your allegiance to the new 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whenever","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1235.63,1238.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the said commander in chief shall think proper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1238.01,1240.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pass under a guard to visit his farm on prudence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1240.89,1245.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to no other place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1245.54,1247.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever off the aisle of Connecticut, to Augustus Johnson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1247.22,1251.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be removed to the town of South Kingston","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1251.62,1254.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to that Matthew cousins to be removed to Cumberland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1254.98,1258.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=1258.4,1259.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here's a list of the 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loyalty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2612.93,2615.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards Britain and togs towards the rebel cause,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2616.8,2621.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most reluctantly perhaps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2622.69,2626.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what ultimately sided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2627.21,2630.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with those who favored 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left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2635.16,2636.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nevertheless, the decision was made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2638.95,2643.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I suppose that's why we're gonna sound the bells","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2643.43,2648.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Sunday at 1:00 PM right here on the Iowa campus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2648.65,2653.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2654.01,2654.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2654.96,2657.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have any questions, I'll be glad to answer them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2663.105,2666.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there's anybody that have anything they'd like to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2666.58,2669.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2671.357,2672.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student 1:\u003c/strong\u003e That third division he set up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2672.2,2674.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a third, a third, a third is that the latest division out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2674.8,2679.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to run into about 10%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2679.69,2682.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Lecturer:\u003c/strong\u003e Of what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2682.567,2683.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student 1:\u003c/strong\u003e Were interested were really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2683.4,2684.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hardcore revolutionaries in the American revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2684.98,2688.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the other another 50 or 60% didn't care at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2688.31,2693.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it takes another 20% on the other end (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2693.78,2697.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just really slow almost parallel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2697.54,2699.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what Russian a size of majority was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2699.41,2702.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Lecturer:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the one-third one-third one-third is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2702.87,2705.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comes from John Adams.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2705.6,2708.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it depends on when you were talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2708.06,2712.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sentiment towards the revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2713.44,2718.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're looking at it after the 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group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2722.81,2724.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If on the other hand you're looking at the decision at 1776.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2726.05,2730.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think you're talking about a very much greater 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2743.8,2746.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You take, for example, John Dickinson,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2746.1,2749.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who proposed the John Dickinson plan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2749.62,2752.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was the Olive Branch Petition and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2752.46,2755.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He joined the rebel army,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2755.21,2756.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the other hand, Joseph Galloway","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2757.58,2759.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both of them, friends of Franklin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2761.14,2762.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both of them living in Philadelphia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2763.71,2766.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joined the loyalists and ultimately was exiled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2766.21,2769.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its property compensated and branded as a traitor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2769.61,2773.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some they go both ways, but I think most of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2777.49,2780.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2780.11,2781.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now you may be right in one way when you say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2781.86,2785.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 10%, you talk about that 10%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2785.01,2789.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, who knows in a sense, I 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well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2805.41,2807.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depends I guess where that 10% is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2807.23,2809.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it depends also where you 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rebels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2834.98,2838.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fewer and fewer are in that reconciliation area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2838.6,2842.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those who are rebels maybe remain a kind of a 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safe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2925.01,2929.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were many for religious reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2929.14,2931.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's one of the reasons why 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2973.51,2976.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the coercion in the nighttime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2976.42,2978.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's arguments to 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truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2980.48,2985.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2985.237,2988.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or were they actually using the nighttime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2988.11,2990.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to coerce the people?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2990.91,2991.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Lecturer:\u003c/strong\u003e I just, whenever we think of coercion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2994.585,2997.135"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it always have images of people doing it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=2998.15,3000.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the dead of night, not how we do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3000.87,3003.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You never do things like that in the light of day, do you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3003.53,3006.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student 3:\u003c/strong\u003e But what I'm saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3006.26,3008.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you get rid of these truths during the light of day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3008.41,3011.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Lecturer:\u003c/strong\u003e No, but not out in the countryside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3012.28,3015.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student 3:\u003c/strong\u003e I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3017.16,3017.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Lecturer:\u003c/strong\u003e In between March of 76","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3020.73,3025.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and July of 76,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3026.08,3028.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there wasn't one single British troop on a colonial soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3028.27,3032.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, by the first week in July,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3032.46,3034.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had 30,000 pouring on shore in New York,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3034.71,3037.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the British troops were never in control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3038.54,3043.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any place in New England or away from Boston at one point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3043.54,3047.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they lost control of that in March","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3047.5,3049.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they were up in Rhodes Island during the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3049.65,3053.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I mean really this enclave","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3053.7,3057.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very, simply reminiscence of Vietnam, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3057.29,3061.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3063.703,3066.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you had support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3070.34,3073.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you can look at certain issues for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3073.44,3076.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certain debates on certain things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3076.72,3079.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you will find like for the example of the Stamp Act","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3079.5,3081.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it was originally passed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3083.773,3085.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a minority of maybe a fourth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3085.17,3088.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something like that who opposed the Stamp Act,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3088.9,3091.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but then they repealed the Stamp Act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3091.35,3093.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you might say at that 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real,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3098.35,3100.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the hardliners are in control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3102.19,3104.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and after the Boston Tea Party","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3104.08,3106.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they passed the coercive acts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3106.07,3107.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the coercive acts are when,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3107.92,3110.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as the hardliners are concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3110.1,3112.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've had enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3114.16,3115.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you look at the vote for the coercive acts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3116.47,3119.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the closing of the port of Boston,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3119.51,3121.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is something like one fifth, opposed it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3123.63,3125.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That to me would be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3129.54,3130.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if somebody is willing at that point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3132.664,3134.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to oppose the British policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3134.26,3136.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as the war goes on, just like another thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3136.65,3138.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that becomes a more and more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3138.46,3139.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an untenable position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3139.65,3140.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although some people remain in opposition to the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3140.91,3144.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As time went on, but you had voices,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3148.26,3151.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody talks about Edmund Burke","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3151.64,3153.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of these people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3153.01,3155.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you certainly had a number of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3155.07,3157.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that just like at Vietnam,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3157.6,3159.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had some who were from all the way through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3159.61,3163.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opposed to the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3163.9,3165.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3165.4,3166.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the war went south and lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3168.26,3172.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the casualty figures came home in the coast mountain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3172.31,3175.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then as they got engaged with France,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3175.88,3179.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Spain and Poland and everybody else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3179.29,3182.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they just begun more and more, the opposition grew up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3182.24,3185.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that Yorktown did not defeat the British army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3185.29,3189.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yorktown just convinced the British ministry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3189.37,3193.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lord North that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3194.86,3196.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to continue the war was gonna not be worth it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3198.06,3201.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To me, it's similar to Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3201.049,3203.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I am convinced that Vietnam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3203.35,3205.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had Johnson passed high taxes in 66","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3205.07,3208.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pay for the war would have been out much earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3208.75,3211.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I don't think Americans would have paid for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3211.34,3212.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as long as you can pay for it with somebody else's kid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3212.79,3216.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you're don't mind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3217.47,3219.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but of course as soon as it got to be our kids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3219.38,3221.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we started opposing it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3221.59,3223.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not we meaning but,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3223.63,3224.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean the general middle-class Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=3224.76,3227.393"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30032/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/032/original/AV167912_To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_a_Revolutionary_a.vtt?1624899011","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/032/original/AV167912_To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_a_Revolutionary_a.vtt?1624899011"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30033","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167912_To_Be_or_Not_to_Be_a_Revolutionary_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589/transcript/30033/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Lecturer] I will begin. This is, the title of the talk \"To Be or Not to Be a Revolutionary\" or the making or I suppose I could say unmaking of revolutionaries, might seem rather subversive or blasphemous coming so close to that climatic moment of our bicentennial celebration. In fact, we are at this point in the very stages of the countdown for the ringing of the bells and in fact that some people are worried about that moment I guess the hope is maybe that the noise will make the earth shake or something. Well, the thing is that, during this euphoria surrounding our celebration of our nation's 200th birthday it might be rather difficult to convince an audience that the desire for independence was not unanimous. And that the decision for many Americans at that time was a slow and agonizing one. And that the outcome of the debate for individuals and for nations as for our nation as a whole was not a foregone conclusion. In fact, those who favored independence took more than a year after Lexington and Concord to persuade the majority of delegates gathered at the meeting of The Second Continental Congress to approve Henry Lee's resolution that the 13 colonies ought to be free and independent. John Adams, once wrote that, one third of the colonists favored independence one third were neutral and one-third opposed the idea altogether. Well, I think that's an oversimplification. And in fact, I think rather than just use the words favored and neutral and oppose, you might use say those who favored independence and the second group rather than being neutral and I think was the largest group in the beginning of the struggle might be called those who long for reconciliation with England. And you had some who were outright Tories who from the very beginning were sided with the British position. So I think that that's a clearer picture. And what happens during this period of time when the debate is going on, is that the position of those who believed in reconciliation was being attacked by the radicals who felt that the only solution was that of independence and also being undermined by British policy refusal of George the third to accept the Olive Branch Petition, for example. But I think the description by John Adams is inaccurate for another reason. And that is because it gives a static rather than a dynamic picture of the debate. And as I've just indicated, it was a process by which attempts were made and successfully made to move those who favored reconciliation into the camp of those who favored independence. And this debate took place not only up to July 4th, 1776 but after July 4th, 1776, it continued, and that those who held that neutral position of reconciliation found it more and more of untenable position to hold because those who favored independence, radicals I use that term in this to call them something use coercion rather than debate now, because we've moved from the debating stage into the outright conflict use all sorts of procedures and coercion to attack those not only those who oppose their position but those who remain neutral. So that neutrality became more and more of a difficult position to hold. The radicals or they set up committees of correspondence. And that's a nice name for vigilante committees because, that's how they operated. And the vigilante committees, they were set up private citizens who went around to people's houses, knocked on their doors in the dead of night and discussed the idea of their position on the question of joining the rebel banner. So in other words, as the struggle went on and shifted from debate to actual conflict, the rebels then more and more used coercion as a means of persuasion. Now, this coercion did not suddenly begin after the opening round at Lexington Green. This was a process which really began for some people much earlier back during the debate over the Stamp Act in 1765. Certainly if your name was Andrew Oliver or Gerald Ingersoll, the debate began for you very early because you were a stamp distributor and you were forced to resign your position when confronted by a hollowing mob. In the case of Andrew Oliver, they tore down his building on the Wharf and ransacked his house. This was coercion. And for them, because they had accepted the stamp that the position of distributor of stamps they were gonna be branded rather early. In a sense had indicated their sentiments. And so this process then goes on for a long period of time. So we just don't wait for the firing of guns at Lexington Green, or we don't wait for the signing of the declaration of independence or for events after that time to really try to divide up this division started early and it started in 1765. For those people who were not stamp distributors it started for you when they brought around a petition asking you to boycott either to boycott British goods. This occurred as a means of opposing to Stamp Act. It occurred as a means of opposing the towns and acts later. And these were successful in forcing repeal but there were those who were merchants who were reluctant to join the boycott because it obviously meant a loss of income, but the sons of liberty and, or committees of correspondence later situations were used as a means of coercion, so that the revolution then even during this early stage was quite violent. Obviously Thomas Hutchinson thought so because they attempted to tear down his house one night didn't quite accomplish it but they did a very good job. Got a good start. So it was a violent process and increased in violence, it's not steady. That is, there were times when there would be laws. And it would be times when it was not tamper or feelings would not be as high as at other times. However, if you were a Massachusetts legislator you might be branded by the rebels as somebody to be marked for a defeat at the next election. If you refuse to go along with the position not to resend the circular letter, which was ordered by the colonial office, secretary Hillsborough and you were listed as one of the unholy 17 your name was published in the newspaper and you then would be branded. And so this process continued then to go on or on. There were another words, varying there are a lot of symbolic acts of support or not support at one time drinking tea that you indicated your support for the rebel position by refusing to drink tea, and there were a committee set up of women who not enforced this but were committees to propagate this idea not to drink tea and or the kind of clothes you wore. There were times when, if you wore clothes that were obviously a luxury this indicated that you were not a rebel because one of the things that were trying to do was to to boycott luxury items from Great Britain. If you were a Anglican clergyman your moment came when you were asked to open up your church and preach in support of the rebel cause or to take up a collection for the poor people of Boston. So whose port now was closed by the acts of the coercion acts. In other words, you were given a directive. And if you refuse as Jonathan Vulture, Vulture refused to do, he was met in his church by a mob and ultimately left his church gave it up, went back to England. So in other words, this process then of declaring your intentions, went on for over a long period of time. Sometimes it wasn't always such a dramatic sort of thing. It might've been for example, that you were rather a loose tongue and you made a remark and a Tavern as one poor fellow South in Charleston did. And which he said something about damnation to America. For these three words, he was hauled from his house while sitting at supper tarred and feathered, carted around town for three hours, taken to the Liberty tree, a rope was placed around his neck. And then he was asked to recant by drinking a toast damnation to all the Tories and success to American Liberty Or hey, well, he had not heard of Nathan Hale at that time, so, he recanted like most of us would probably do. Well and a lot of times when we think of this process of tar and feathering we have a tendency to make light of it simply because it seemed like the kind of a frolic, a lot of people having fun, throwing tar on people and stuff but people were maimed as a result of it or seriously injured. And it, of course it was a humiliating experience. And remember a lot of the people that were being tarred and feathered were upper class people who had absolutely no association with the lower classes and were this humiliated by having to be around these people. Well, this is the following excerpt is a description of the process, quote, it says, \"The following is a recipe \"for an effectual operation tarring and feathering \"first strip the person naked \"then heat the tar until it is thin. \"Then pour upon the naked flesh, \"rub it over with a tar brush \"after which sprinkled decently upon the tar \"whilst is yet warm as many feathers as we'll stick to it, \"then hold a lighted candle to the feathers \"and try to set it on a fire. \"If it will burn so much the better \"but as the experiment is often made in cold weather \"it will not then succeed in burning, \"take also a holler put it around the person's neck \"and then cart him the rounds.\" Well, now this was not a very pleasant experience as one might expect. And so individuals were forced to make a decision and it's still, despite these pressures many of them refuse to join the rebel banner. And in fact, exiled themselves when General Gage withdrew from Boston in March of 1776, but 900 loyalists went with him and they left all their belongings. They could take very little unless they happen to be substantial enough to be able to rent a ship as a few were able to do and to cart their goods with them. But for the most part, they just left everything. And as a result, not only did they lose it their personal property, that which they could not carry, but in addition their real property would be confiscated by the rebel government, and how many people were loyalists and left. There's no exact figure. Some reported as high as 150,000 others have estimated 50,000, I suspect that someplace in between but the point is this was a substantial number of people who refuse to join in the rebel cause. In order to try to sort out, as the war went on those people who were rebels and those people who were not a loyalty was passed by each of the States. And it was a process whereby individuals came before a justice of the peace and took an oath. And if, the one for example on Rhode Island went something like this, \"I blank here in the presence of almighty God, \"as I I hope for ease honor and comfort in this world \"and happiness in the world to come \"most earnestly devoutly and religiously do swear \" that I will neither directly nor indirectly \"assist the wicked instruments of ministerial tyranny \"and villainy commonly called the King's troops and Navy \"by furnishing them with provisions and refreshments \"of any kind unless authorized by the Continental Congress \"or legislature at present established \"in this particular colony of Rhode Island. \"I do also swear by the tremendous and almighty God \"that I won't either directly nor indirectly \"convey any intelligence \"nor give any advice to the aforesaid enemies describe, \"and that I will pledge myself if I should, by any accident, \"get knowledge of such treasons \"to inform immediately the committee of safety\" kind of sounds like the honor code at West point. \"And, as it is justly allowed that when the rights \"and sacred liberties of a nation or community are invaded \"neutrality is not less base and criminal \"than open and vowed hostility. \"I do further swear and pledge myself \"as I hope for eternal salvation \"that I will whenever called upon \"by the voice of the Continental Congress \"or by the legislature of this particular colony \"upon their direction, \"take up arms and subject myself to military discipline \"and the defense of the common rights \"and liberties of America, so help me God.\" And this was passed in every state I have a book at home from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and it just has not given dates the loyalty oath and the names. And the judge said these people came and they swore before, the names were there. In fact, this process in Pennsylvania, for some reason went on all the way to 1787. In other words, it did not end with the peace treaty but continued all the way through, up to about the time of the constitution. And evidently people were not forgiving that if you still had to at some point come in and swear your allegiance to the new government. So this was important while in Rhode Island for example, individuals would be hauled before the committee of safety for having refused to take this oath. And as a result then they would issue out punishment. Colonel Joseph wanted to be removed to the town of Jamestown and have the Liberty of that town under the inspection of the commander in chief of Rhode Island. That he'd be permitted whenever the said commander in chief shall think proper to pass under a guard to visit his farm on prudence but to no other place whatever off the aisle of Connecticut, to Augustus Johnson to be removed to the town of South Kingston to that Matthew cousins to be removed to Cumberland and so forth and so forth. And here's a list of the names of people and where they were sent. So that was a process that occurred also during this period. Well, for some individuals, the decision was not too difficult because they had been in the forefront of the revolution. I suppose, if we were looking for a revolutionary prototype we would look at Sam Adams, because Sam Adams is the kind of a revolutionary that every revolution needs for success. He was a 24 hour a day revolutionary. He was the kind of person that sacrifice his own personal welfare and the welfare of his family for the for the revolutionary cause. Sam Adams grew up in an anti establishment environment. His not in a poor house. His father was a brewer. Sam had gone to Harvard, had sufficient prestige to be ranked fifth in his graduating class. His poor cousin John was only ranked 16th. Sam Adam's father had been a local politician involved in select member of the house of representatives. One time, perhaps even possibility of being serving on the provincial council And had been turned down. So, he was involved in politics, but on the side of those people who oppose the policies of the governor and policies of Tom Hutchison and his crowd. And so he came then out of what I would call the anti-establishment mode But his father was a prosperous brewer as I pointed out and merchant. And what had conflicts with the establishment over one issue was out of the issuing of paper money from the very beginning, perhaps Sam Adams took or discussed the issue of revolution. His master's thesis was a defense of the position, quote \"Whether it be lawful to resist a Supreme magistrate \"if Commonwealth cannot otherwise be preserved.\" And so we see from the very beginning, a mentality which appealed over the head of legitimate authority to higher law. Well, Sam Adams inherited, some wealth but he was unable to make a success of business. He was a business failure. He studied law, to please his father then gave it up the please his mother. He spend his time instead in politics. He didn't hold very many offices before the revolution the offices he held was a minor office clerk of the market, 1756. He was elected tax collector in Boston which led to one of the real scandals of any signer of the declaration of independence because his tax collections turned up short something like 7,000 pounds short although it was not that he directed this money to his own pocket, because you just look at Sam Adams you could tell he wasn't spending any but instead the indication was that he just never collected the money. And he was a very popular tax collector then, he was continued to be reelected over and over again. Well, his real prominence in politics came when the crisis over the Stamp Act begun and he ruled the wave of protests the British policy into political prominence. He was not the leader at this point, the leader was James Otis. What eventually, when he would be carried off marred to the to the booby hatch, as Sam Adams would succeed his position of prominence. What made Sam Adams so crucial was that he was a superb propagandists and organizer. And this was his real contribution to the American revolution. He organized, for example, the North end and the South end mobs that used to every Guy Fawkes Day to attack each other kind of playing capture the flag, and only with clubs trying to steal each other's effigies and he combined them into one mob and then started attacking the loyalists. and this was a tactic to use the mob as a force of coercion. Now, not everybody will agree on the role of the mob being whether it was, as one historian has said a mob was a beast in a cage, and Sam Adams was his keeper and he could direct it at his enemies, which means that the mob in a sense was something that was being directed from above, by through propaganda and other means, or did it have its own life? Did it have its own grievances? And the sense was self-directing, but some historians feel that, at least Sam Adams had some control over the mob. And so this was his real contribution during the struggle. Sam Adams, from the very beginning then, saw that the outcome of the struggle as being that of independence and he felt that only separation would provide the freedom that was needed for the colonies to be able to assert their own destiny. Sam Adams was a very religious man, prayers before meals passages from the Bible at bedtime, the Lord's day scrupulously observed in appropriate manner. And he constantly used the idea of the good old Puritan days as a means of arousing patriotic fervor. What tended to drive Adams more and more to the road of independence was his dislike of British materialism and mannerism and moral corruption. He saw the revolution as a vehicle for turning back the clock to the good old days of puritanism to rediscover the austerity of the New England way. He recruited John Hancock to the cause who was the richest man in Boston, but he really felt uneasy with John Hancock because he didn't like the way he dressed and the clothes were too fine. And he drove around in a carriage, fancy carriage and Sam Adams was suspicious but of course he was willing to put down these suspicions during the revolutionary struggle but they did split later after the revolution. So the point that I'm trying to argue here is that, it's natural to think of Sam Adams as becoming a revolutionary because he began in a household that was anti-establishment. He grew up disliking authority. He had a mind that says that if you don't like a law you don't obey it, that sort of mentality. And so he kept the revolution alive. When others thought that the revolution was about to die. He organized committees of correspondence. He drew up black list of Tories who supported British policy. He wrote published in the Boston Gazette. He, organized, or he wrote diatribes against British soldiers when they were in Boston and tried to, and fabricated, I suppose, stories of atrocities by British soldiers kept alive the memory of the Boston massacre by using the anniversary the Boston massacre as a time to remind the Bostonian of British tyranny, he used tactics by waiting until political tactics. For example, as a member of the house of representatives by waiting until conservatives members had gone home and then brought out radical resolutions which were then passed by those who were left a tactic, by the way which was used successfully by Patrick Henry in the Virginia House of Burgesses So we then should not be surprised that Sam Adams was a revolutionary, but in many ways Sam Adams was not atypical revolutionary. In fact, a study by a historian at USC John Shoes has studied more than 2000 revolutionaries in Massachusetts. And in that study, he concluded that the average Massachusetts revolutionary was prosperous middle-aged farmer and businessman who feared for their political independence as well as for their economic well-being. And so perhaps if we wanna ask herself about a more traditional path of becoming a revolutionary we turn not to the Samuel Adams but to a more conservative member of the community, John Jay, because whilst Sam Adams came out of, the anti-establishment mode. John Jay was an establishment person from the very beginning, like Sam Adams, John Jay came from a wealthy merchant family, unlike Sam Adams who lost it all John Jay managed to, well keep it and expand on it. His grandfather had migrated to New York from France in 1690, to escape persecution of the French Huguenots but he became an Anglican after coming to New York? And I think this kind of indicates partly at least the mentality because the Anglican church was the establishment. And as a merchant in New York perhaps that was the place to go. He studied in New York and became a lawyer. And while Sam Adam was using his energies to arouse the Bostonian's against the Stamp Act and the towns and acts and British troops, and the Tea Act John Jay was busily studying to become a lawyer and then building up a clientele to become a successful rich young lawyer like his grandfather and father before him he married into a prominent New York family the Livingston's who have long opposed British policies but not from necessarily from conviction but from political feuding, with the other powerful family in New York the Dylan Cease kind of a struggle when one was in power the other wanted in and vice versa. So in other words, the point here is that, he was a political conservative who joined a revolution out of a fear that the movement was being taken over by the more radical element in New York city. He refers to them as the \"Mechanics\" and he feared that the Mechanics would use this as a vehicle to gain political power from the conservatives and New York. In other words, he joined the committee of correspondence to prevent this occurrence. Now, like most conservatives, he opposed British policies but long for reconciliation, he supported during the debate in the continental Congress over the Galloway plan which was an attempt to come up with some method of reconciliation, to set up a kind of a super Congress for the 13 colonies. He favored this, this plan, which by the way fail only by a single vote. It was not accepted, but by a single vote which I think is an indication at that moment that there was certainly a great deal, Of the mood of conciliation in an address to the people of Great Britain which was adopted by the Continental Congress. He stated the constitutional arguments against taxation, without representation which I believe was the fundamental issue separating the colonies and Great Britain and to demand for a trial by jury and to defend the dumping of tea into the Boston Harbor. But he ended up stating despite arguing the position for the position of the colonists, he would argue, we would never submit to be hewers of wood and drawers of water for any ministry or nation in the world. Yet, he said, he opposed independence and wrote that there are men among us and such there are in every colony to whom a disaffection would be an agreeable event, but happily for us this is not the case with the bulk of the people. So during this debate he still longs for reconciliation. He still hopes that the differences can be resolved, he is elected and served in the second continental Congress. But at the very moment when the great debate will be going on over whether or not to become independent, John Jay is not there. Where's John Jay? John Jay is home attending to business and home for personal reasons, family reasons. Now, I cannot conceive of Sam Adams doing this under any circumstance, but not John Jay. And so I'm trying to point out here that he was a reluctance on the part of a colonial to make the decisions. And yet when the moment came on July 4th, he joined a rebel banner and urge those in New York to follow him. He wrote, \"While we lament the cruel necessity \"which has rendered that measure unavoidable \"we approve the same, and we'll at the risk of our lives \"and fortunes join with the other colonies in supporting it.\" In other words, there were many roads then that a revolutionary could follow. Sam Adams traveled the radical and shorter route perhaps the least traveled by. But John Jay took the more conservative route. The more reluctant, the more agonizing, the longer one but both men became revolutionaries. Now, the issue then that tended to divide Americans at this point, seems to me, to be not a discussion of the end, that is at the colonies opt to be independent in terms of control of their own destiny. But more than the end it was the means that bothered so many of the colonies, because while they, and some would accept this position that is those who became loyalist. Although they opposed British policies and they felt that to, accept the British position to knuckle under British power meant surrender of a certain amount of freedom to join the rebels meant surrender to even a greater tyranny. The tyranny of the mob to them the revolution was beginning to be equated with a breakdown of law and order even such a staunch rebel as John Adams could have second thoughts about the consequences of a revolution. One time as he was returning home from the Continental Congress, he was accosted by some country men who exclaimed quote, \"Oh Mr. Adams, what great things have you, \"your colleagues done for us? \"We can never be grateful enough to you. \"There are no courts of justice now in this province. \"And I hope there never will be another.\" And Adam says to himself, \"Is this the object \"for which I have been contending said I to myself \"before I wrote along, without any answer to this wretch \"are these the sentiments of such people \"and how many of them are there in the country? \"If the power of the country should get into such hands. \"And there is a great danger that it will \"to what purpose have we sacrificed our time, health \"and everything else.\" So for many Americans or colonists at that time it was a very reluctant and agonizing decision but it was not an unthinking decision. It was a decision that took place in with many people over a very long period of time. When the shot was first fired on Lexington Green in the early morning hours on April 19th there was not an overwhelming desire for independence the next day, for some yet those who grabbed their rifles and started taking pot shots at the British as they marched back from Concord. But for most Americans the decision was still to be made long and agonizing. And that is the kind of thing that I think we need to think about when we're celebrating the Bicentennial to think in terms of individuals, making, having to be faced with this decision being togged, being togged by togs of loyalty, towards Britain and togs towards the rebel cause, most reluctantly perhaps, what ultimately sided with those who favored independence. Some did not. Most of those left, nevertheless, the decision was made. And I suppose that's why we're gonna sound the bells on Sunday at 1:00 PM right here on the Iowa campus. Thank you. If you have any questions, I'll be glad to answer them. If there's anybody that have anything they'd like to, yes\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] That third division he set up a third, a third, a third is that the latest division out. I used to run into about 10%\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] Of what?\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] Were interested were really hardcore revolutionaries in the American revolution and then the other another 50 or 60% didn't care at all. And it takes another 20% on the other end just really slow almost parallel to what Russian a size of majority was.\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] Well, the one-third one-third one-third is, comes from John Adams. And I think it depends on when you were talking about the sentiment towards the revolution. If you're looking at it after the repeal of the Stamp Act at 1766, you're talking about a very small group. If on the other hand you're looking at the decision at 1776. I think you're talking about a very much greater group, but no referendum was taken. That's why I like the idea of this idea of movement and the group that wanted to reconcile the differences, part of those people. You take, for example, John Dickinson, who proposed the John Dickinson plan which was the Olive Branch Petition and so forth. He joined the rebel army, on the other hand, Joseph Galloway both of them, friends of Franklin both of them living in Philadelphia joined the loyalists and ultimately was exiled and its property compensated and branded as a traitor. Some they go both ways, but I think most of them, because of the organization and now you may be right in one way when you say, the 10%, you talk about that 10%. I mean, who knows in a sense, I guess what, we'd go by loyalties the question is how many people went freely to give loyalties Or how many people were coerced and 10% coerced, the vast majority well, depends I guess where that 10% is. I think it depends also where you are. If you're in Boston, I think that in the New England 10% would be a very, very low figure. If you were in South Carolina, that would be different or in Pennsylvania different. But ultimately I think as we go through the whole period at least as I see it, that we get more and more people are rebels and fewer and fewer are in that reconciliation area. And those who are rebels maybe remain a kind of a constant, but they then\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] Do you have a progression out for the West at all? Or are they going back to England?\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] Well, no, they're going to England,\r\n\r\n- [Student 1] They are going back.\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] Oh yeah England. In fact in the street, they got loyalist superbly. And when you contrast the way we treated our supporters in Vietnam, when we brought them out and contrast that treatment that we have now I can contrast that with the British set up commission, people appealed, people were paid off, handsomely, gained pensions were given land up in Canada. They really brought their people out with them including black Americans who were I think were in the Great Britain because to fight for Great Britain was to gain freedom to fight for the rebels was to remain in slavery. Reconcile that with the declaration of independence. Because in other words, if rather you move from a neutral position. Yeah, right.\r\n\r\n- [Student 2] Yeah.\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] And, I would say we would call a group of the of the indifferent or free and safe. There were many for religious reasons. And that's one of the reasons why Pennsylvania was what you might call not necessarily a loyalist stronghold but it was an area that was not very strong for the revolutionary position. Although the radicals were better organized. And I suppose you might argue in Pennsylvania is one example where a minority probably got their will because of their better organization using coercion, but you're right, I'm glad you brought that up because of the idea that the friends I know would be one example of different religions\r\n\r\n- [Student 3] That coercion point is something that the coercion in the nighttime there's arguments to that, they moved the nighttime to circumvent the truth. or were they actually using the nighttime to coerce the people?\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] I just, whenever we think of coercion, it always have images of people doing it, in the dead of night, not how we do it. You never do things like that in the light of day, do you?\r\n\r\n- [Student 3] But what I'm saying, if you get rid of these truths during the light of day.\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] No, but not out in the countryside,\r\n\r\n- [Student 3] I see.\r\n\r\n- [Lecturer] In between March of 76 and July of 76, there wasn't one single British troop on a colonial soil. However, by the first week in July, they had 30,000 pouring on shore in New York, but the British troops were never in control any place in New England or away from Boston at one point, and then they lost control of that in March and then they were up in Rhodes Island during the war. But I mean really this enclave is very, simply reminiscence of Vietnam, I think. Well, you had support. I mean, you can look at certain issues for example and certain debates on certain things, and you will find like for the example of the Stamp Act when it was originally passed, there was a minority of maybe a fourth, something like that who opposed the Stamp Act, but then they repealed the Stamp Act. And so you might say at that point, a majority at least thought it was unwind when you get right down to the real, when the hardliners are in control and after the Boston Tea Party and they passed the coercive acts and the coercive acts are when, as far as the hardliners are concerned, we've had enough. When you look at the vote for the coercive acts, the closing of the port of Boston, Is something like one fifth, opposed it. That to me would be, if somebody is willing at that point to oppose the British policy. But as the war goes on, just like another thing I think that becomes a more and more of an untenable position. Although some people remain in opposition to the war. As time went on, but you had voices, everybody talks about Edmund Burke and some of these people, and you certainly had a number of people that just like at Vietnam, you had some who were from all the way through opposed to the war. But then as the war went south and lives and the casualty figures came home in the coast mountain. And then as they got engaged with France, Spain and Poland and everybody else they just begun more and more, the opposition grew up. And I think that Yorktown did not defeat the British army Yorktown just convinced the British ministry, Lord North that, to continue the war was gonna not be worth it. To me, it's similar to Vietnam. If I am convinced that Vietnam that had Johnson passed high taxes in 66 to pay for the war would have been out much earlier. Because I don't think Americans would have paid for it. But as long as you can pay for it with somebody else's kid and then you're don't mind, but of course as soon as it got to be our kids then we started opposing it, not we meaning but, I mean the general middle-class Americans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45581/file/118589#t=0.0,3237.12"}]}]}]}