{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/z02z31pf1g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Paul, Nate, Hidden Hunger in Iowa: Pride and Social Policy"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Hidden Hunger in Iowa: Pride and Social Policy. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Paul, Nate (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1980-05-05"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Hidden Hunger in Iowa: Pride and Social Policy is a May 5, 1980 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Nate Paul. Nate Paul discusses the underutilization of food assistance programs in Iowa.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV168123 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Hunger","Poor--Nutrition","Food relief","Food stamps"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV168123"]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9vh5cp52"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Hidden Hunger in Iowa: Pride and Social Policy is a May 5, 1980 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Nate Paul. Nate Paul discusses the underutilization of food assistance programs in Iowa.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/440/small/lecture.png?1624893728","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - AV168123_Hidden_Hunger_in_Iowa_Pride_and_Social_Policy_a.mp3"]},"duration":2096.136,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/440/small/lecture.png?1624893728","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/118/440/original/AV168123_Hidden_Hunger_in_Iowa_Pride_and_Social_Policy_a.mp3?1624893728","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2096.136,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV168123_Hidden_Hunger_in_Iowa_Pride_and_Social_Policy_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Nate Paul in India studying food and land issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=12.71,17.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Currently he's working out of the Des Moines office","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=18.07,21.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the American Friends Service Committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=21.05,23.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where he is hunger and human needs program director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=23.35,28.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the North Central Region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=28.04,30.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has been studying hunger and land issues in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=30.5,35.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what he's going to talk about tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=35.56,38.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hidden hunger in Iowa, pride and social policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=44.6,48.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is smart (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=50.04,52.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=53.78,54.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we could have the lights down please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=62.77,64.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's really strange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=68.7,69.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=70.767,72.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was hoping that this room would have a real set","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=72.41,74.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we could adjust the lights.`","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=74.35,76.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll have to see how this slide presentation works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=77.91,80.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just have a few slides and perhaps it would be better","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=80.32,83.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I just ran through those at another time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=84.32,88.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps later on in the presentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=88.44,89.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why don't you turn the lights back on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=89.9,91.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really have a hard time talking to a completely dark room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=91.78,94.909"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=94.909,95.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very strange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=95.84,97.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway it is my melancholy privilege","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=97.51,100.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to speak to you tonight about hunger in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=100.15,103.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although Iowa has a relatively small percentage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=103.66,105.842"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of low income people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=105.842,107.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those people their poverty is often overshadowed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=107.41,111.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the imagery of white farmsteads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=111.82,113.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governing 400 acres of land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=113.83,115.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are powered by shining red","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=117.16,118.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and green four wheel drive tractors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=118.84,121.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that there is hunger in Iowa should serve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=121.6,123.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a growing sense of embarrassment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=123.86,126.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a state fame to be a bread basket of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=126.26,129.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The cornucopia of Iowa's bounty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=129.91,131.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply has not reached the low income people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=131.71,134.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through no fault of their own","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=134.12,135.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lack sufficient means to maintain adequate diet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=135.47,138.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight I'm first of all, going to discuss more about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=140.37,143.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this poverty and consequent hunger in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=143.54,147.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly we all trace the history of the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=147.15,152.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of social political attitudes and policies that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=152.2,156.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we now direct towards low income people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=157.78,160.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then thirdly, I want to speak","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=160.13,162.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the causes and the actual cost of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=162.76,165.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under utilizing food aid assistance programs here in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=165.35,169.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then finally offer a few alternatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=169.8,171.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then we'll open it up for discussion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=171.81,174.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1973, 74 of Iowa's 99 counties were declared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=176.17,180.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"failure to feed States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=180.4,181.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or failure to feed counties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=181.8,183.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that these counties failed to reach 33%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=183.87,187.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the eligible population with food stamps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=187.21,189.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As late as 1976 only 23% of Iowa's eligible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=191.48,195.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population was participating in food aid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=195.4,197.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=197.58,198.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fact that the poverty is less severe and less graphic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=199.868,204.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than other nations or other areas of the nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=204.44,207.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And hence not gaining national tension has been a factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=208.27,211.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the under utilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=211.54,213.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of food aid assistance programs in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=213.16,215.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same 1973 survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=215.98,217.799"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which declared Iowa a failure to feed state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=217.799,221.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found that Southern States with higher incidences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=221.64,224.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of poverty were actually doing a much better job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=224.37,227.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in administrating food aid assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=227.41,230.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example in Alabama,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=230.35,231.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only one of their 67 counties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=231.79,235.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was declared failure to feed in 1973.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=235.49,237.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louisiana had two, followed by Mississippi with three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=238.82,242.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and South Carolina with five failure to feed counties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=242.02,245.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Midwest in particular has an extremely poor track record","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=246.28,250.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in administrating food aid assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=250.05,253.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kansas has 99 counties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=253.08,255.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1973 each one was declared failure to feed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=255.82,259.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"73 of Nebraska's counties were declared failure to feed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=260.61,265.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again 74 of Iowa's 99 counties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=265.1,268.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is to this end that Iowa's welfare system could more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=269.67,272.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appropriately be turned bad fare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=272.81,275.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For welfare refers to a condition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=275.35,277.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a state of wellbeing of good fortune of happiness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=277.84,281.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in reality to be eligible for welfare assistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=284.65,287.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Iowa, means a continuing struggle just to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=287.78,290.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintain adequate nutritional intake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=290.84,293.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1979 more than 225,000 rural Iowans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=297.286,300.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were declared poor using HEW guidelines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=302.34,305.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This means that these individuals were living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=305.53,308.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on less than $109 per week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=308.86,311.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1979 Carol Tucker foreman,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=311.36,314.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reported that over the last four years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=314.76,316.662"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"average earnings for American households rose 40%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=316.662,321.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while the earnings in that same period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=321.48,323.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for low-income households rose only 7%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=323.22,325.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Low income households were found to be spending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=328.06,330.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around 90% of their earnings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=330.76,334.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on housing, food and medical care.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=334.04,336.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tom Ackerman a community action director from Cedar Rapids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=336.59,340.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"related that low-income households have learned to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=340.7,343.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stretch their food dollar until it screams.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=343.04,345.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He went on to say, it's sad but we run across people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=346.83,350.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who haven't even heard of the food stamp program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=350.407,353.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now just this morning, I spoke with Carol Jones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=354.95,357.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's the community food and nutrition coordinator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=357.64,361.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a cap agency in Southern Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=361.13,364.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where in that Southern tier of counties where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=364.12,367.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's the most poverty in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=367.64,370.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she was relating the fact that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=370.97,373.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the programs there are on very underutilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=377.84,380.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disproportionately more so than the rest of this state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=380.88,383.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it seems to be a pattern that areas of higher incidents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=383.8,388.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of poverty within the state of Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=388.58,390.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have even a poor track record in dealing with that poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=390.36,395.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But before further discussing Iowa's poverty ,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=397.09,400.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its important to trace the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=400.067,401.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Socio-political attitudes and policies directed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=401.85,404.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=404.61,406.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For out of these attitudes we have our historical roots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=406.11,411.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and century old traditions of lacking in real concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=411.17,414.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even today there's an uncanny resemblance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=414.62,417.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between Elizabeth and poor laws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=417.39,419.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which established bread lines and poor houses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=419.34,422.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and today's welfare system of food stamps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=422.75,427.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and County poor forms for both systems are aimed unduly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=427.36,431.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at just maintaining the poor at maintaining the poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=433.86,438.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just establish it to continue on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=440.272,441.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but with no real direct efforts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=441.84,446.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in changing the existing order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=446.66,449.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was in the Elizabeth and tradition that America system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=449.75,452.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for assisting the poor was well established by 1700.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=452.63,456.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a system of workhouses, poor houses, prisons, charity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=456.36,461.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hospitals in public duel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=461.71,464.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the panic of 1837 brought a welfare boom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=464.37,467.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=467.74,469.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And bread and soup lines became a common scene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=469.48,473.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was in the 1830's that we see a rise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=474.84,477.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the laissez-faire and the political philosophies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=477.99,481.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also a rising of social Darwinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=481.61,483.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which stress the survival of the fittest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=483.84,486.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was a system then that was used to justify wealth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=486.5,489.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=489.22,490.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Its Important to note that the laissez-faire political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=491.94,495.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"philosophies and the social Darwinism attitudes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=495.19,497.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were entrenched at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=498.83,500.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And today with they've developed into an ideology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=500.41,504.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of blaming the victims.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=504.34,505.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is victims of poverty are poor because they are somehow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=505.97,510.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought to be unfit, mentally defective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=511.04,513.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lazy, shiftless people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=513.78,515.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who at best deserve nothing more than handouts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=515.11,517.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The lunacy of this ideology reached its height","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=518.95,523.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the great depression of the thirties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=523.87,525.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the stigma against certain groups of unemployed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=525.58,528.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was so great that these unemployed internalized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=529.75,533.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their plight to the degree that they would actually go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=533.4,535.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the measures of leaving for work every morning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=535.61,538.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to make sure that that the rest of the public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=538.9,542.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the community didn't find out that they had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=542.08,544.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lost their job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=544.06,545.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet even today, the welfare stigma has played","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=547.29,550.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an all too unkindly role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=550.84,552.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the under utilization of food aid assistance Programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=552.96,556.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was then during the depression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=566.23,568.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when thousands were going hungry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=569.441,572.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the same time that farmers were dumping their milk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=572.3,574.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and destroying their produce rather than accept low prices,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=574.83,578.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one of the major welfare systems was established.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=578.616,583.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was the commodities program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=583.82,586.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was the forerunner of today's food stamp program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=587.34,590.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this system government bought up surplus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=590.4,592.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the farmers and distributed it to people in need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=592.98,596.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But with the advent of world war two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=596.45,599.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the ending of the depression came a dismantling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=599.52,603.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the large scale antipoverty programs that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=603.55,606.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"established during the depression era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=606.34,608.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the issue of hunger didn't surface again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=611.47,613.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in America till June of 1967,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=613.93,617.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the field foundations team","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=618.75,622.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of medical doctors investigated hunger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=622.34,624.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and malnutrition in Southern States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=624.35,626.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their conclusion shocked the nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=628.53,633.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the following testimony was given to Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=633.15,636.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wherever he went and wherever we looked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=636.47,638.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the doctors reported, \"we saw significant numbers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=638.28,641.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of who were hungry and sick children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=641.33,643.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for whom hunger and sickness was a daily fact of life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=643.76,646.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The children we saw were more than just hungry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=646.43,648.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were malnourished, weak and apathetic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=648.47,651.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their lives were being shortened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=651.09,652.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were visibly and predictably losing their health,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=652.9,655.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their energy and their spirit.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=655.58,658.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the report, the testimony to Congress goes on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=658.05,661.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on with those types of statements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=661.39,663.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then following the field foundations report,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=667.96,671.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came a number of studies which looked at poverty in America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=671.4,676.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in areas where poverty was more severe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=676.01,681.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And probably one of the best known was a CBS documentary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=681.87,686.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which graphically displayed malnourished faces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=687.32,690.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on millions of TV screens across the nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=690.54,693.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why don't we show a few slides now at this point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=706.04,708.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we'll see how this goes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=708.3,711.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Its because of Iowa's imagery again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=717.77,720.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of farmsteads and large equipment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=720.18,723.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the poverty is often often overshadowed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=724.67,728.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again you know, it's the idea of hunger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=728.78,731.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a midst of plenty is just an incredible idea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=731.84,734.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we have silos all along the river","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=734.96,737.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and through out even the central part of the state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=737.95,740.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like these full of grain and yet hunger exists in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=740.51,744.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's this type of poverty that is there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=746.79,750.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is the 1973 census, which found so many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=758.73,763.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Iowa's counties to be failure to feed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=763.6,767.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's One of the classical studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=767.68,769.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These headlines were generated out of reports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=770.5,773.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the American friends service committee rode along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=773.012,776.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the advocator welfare answering service in Waterloo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=776.62,779.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the recent seventies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=782.7,784.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've seen some interest by the press in hunger issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=784.54,789.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the darker areas are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=789.18,793.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the most severe forms of poverty are in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=793.01,797.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa has a system of 19 community action programs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=799.26,802.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which governed about five counties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=805.72,808.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they often administrate various food aid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=808.2,811.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=811.2,812.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And FAB produced these maps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=814.52,816.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The community action agencies are a spin off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=817.4,821.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the old office of economic opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=821.08,823.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there's one same thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=827.44,828.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that seems to be characteristic of the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=828.9,831.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I happened to find it in this family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=831.19,833.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is that illness seems to be prevalent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=833.23,836.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those 19 community action agencies did a survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=837.66,840.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they found that in most of the families living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=840.56,843.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in poverty ,that there was some form","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=843.61,845.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a pretty severe illness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=845.92,848.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this gentleman to your left has diabetes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=848.33,853.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his wife has given birth to two children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=853.28,858.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One was an epileptic who then gave birth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=858.43,861.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to two children who were retarded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=861.77,865.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's just another one of their grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=865.12,868.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay let's turn the lights back on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=882.15,883.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=891.52,892.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in the decade that followed the 1967 so-called discovery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=893.217,897.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of hunger in America, came a massive mobilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=897.41,900.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of food aid assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=901.766,903.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the food stamp program has been one of those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=905.129,907.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has grown from a small program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=907.56,910.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which served 2.8 million people in 1968 to a program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=910.22,915.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which now serves around 22 million people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=916.33,920.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other major federal food aid assistance programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=921.95,926.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"include free and reduced price lunches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=927.06,930.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and breakfast at the schools across the state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=930.79,935.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps one of the most important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=940.87,942.292"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"federal food aid assistance programs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=942.292,946.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of warding off hunger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=946.74,948.442"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and impaired physical and mental development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=948.442,952.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of low income children is a WIC program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=952.18,955.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's known as the supplemental feeding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=956.8,958.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for women and infants and children program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=958.81,961.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The WIC program attempts to identify low income mothers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=963.76,968.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are either pregnant or breastfeeding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=968.44,971.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And through a simple house survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=971.61,974.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can tell if they're of nutritional risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=974.47,977.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the degree that the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=977.68,980.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the fetus or the nursing infant may be impaired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=980.18,984.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At that point, the WIC program comes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=984.29,986.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in and offers free prescriptions for nutritional food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=986.3,991.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring the health of the mother up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=993.43,997.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the children who may be under her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=997.43,1000.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the program goes on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1001.62,1002.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to provide free education, free health education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1002.95,1007.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now its interesting to note that the WIC program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1010.55,1013.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is underutilized more severely than the food stamp program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1013.76,1017.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in spite of the fact that the WIC program may be more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1017.05,1020.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important in terms of guarding the health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1020.88,1024.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the development of children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1024.75,1027.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sharon Robertson is the state director for the WIC program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1029.81,1034.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we've talked with her recently and she said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1034.06,1037.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last three months,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1037.45,1038.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've identified a thousand new families in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1040.26,1044.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who come under the guidelines of the WIC program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1044.11,1047.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But she's saying because of the federal cutbacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1047.24,1049.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in social spending that it's very possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1049.68,1052.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they won't have enough funding to continue on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1052.55,1056.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the program for these newly identified women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1056.16,1061.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, but at any rate, following the so-called discovery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1072.24,1076.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of hunger in America again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1076.07,1077.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We saw a massive mobilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1077.92,1079.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of food aid assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1079.7,1081.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's unfortunate that they've been targeted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1082.52,1085.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the most graphic forms of malnutrition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1085.67,1088.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hunger in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1088.827,1091.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they've succeeded in dealing with that quite well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1091.11,1094.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that's fortunate, but it's unfortunate that those types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1094.94,1098.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of programs haven't reached places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1098.28,1101.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or areas like Iowa and still remain under utilized today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1102.413,1106.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's in state Iowa that social political attitudes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1110.86,1115.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directed towards the poor people have left a legacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1115.47,1118.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of underutilized food aid assistance programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1118.303,1121.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have hurt both Iowa's economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1121.57,1123.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the welfare of low income people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1123.51,1125.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1975 the American friends service committee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1126.61,1129.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along with other food advocacy agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1132.0,1134.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"filed federal suit against the US department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1135.82,1139.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Iowa or the US department of agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1139.16,1142.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Iowa's was department of social services.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1142.36,1144.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that they were failing to carry out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1144.93,1146.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaningful food stamp outreach programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1146.91,1149.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that they just were failing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1149.78,1151.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to allow low-income people to learn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1153.742,1157.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the availability of those programs in a meaningful way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1157.34,1162.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is in spite of the fact of federal regulations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1162.18,1165.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that mandating that they do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1165.65,1167.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the cost of its important to note","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1170.05,1172.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the cost of the food stamp program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1172.18,1173.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is borne by the federal government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1173.993,1176.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa will only have to pay 50% of the outreach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1176.22,1179.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and administrating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1179.15,1180.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when Iowa chooses this to turn down these federal funds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1180.56,1184.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it comes at an economic cost to the state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1184.84,1188.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll talk about that a little bit later on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1188.91,1191.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But currently Iowa has 99 food stamp outreach workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1196.97,1201.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in each County, but they're only spending","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1202.24,1204.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 10% of their time on outreach activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1204.14,1208.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a few district coordinators spending about 5%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1208.06,1210.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their time on outreach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1210.8,1212.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the position of the American friends service committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1213.18,1215.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the state should have at least 19 full-time workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1215.7,1218.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is due to the fact that currently as of last year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1223.21,1227.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"44 County Iowa counties were still declared failure to feed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1227.81,1231.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're only reaching 45% of the eligible population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1231.98,1235.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now Dr. Wheeler is one of the nation's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1249.81,1252.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most predominant spokesperson on domestic hunger issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1252.94,1257.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On April 9th 30th 1979,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1257.53,1261.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he gave the following congressional testimony.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1261.24,1264.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll just sort of summarize it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1265.38,1266.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"My colleagues and I are often observe the more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1266.577,1269.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"subtle forms of malnutrition, particularly early","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1269.297,1272.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the poor where food aid programs are underutilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1272.24,1276.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not reaching those who need help.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1276.12,1278.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He went on to say that,\" undernourished children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1278.7,1280.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"become slow learners ,wind up living in poverty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1280.71,1281.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go on to produce children who grew up in a vicious cycle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1281.807,1286.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which condemns them to a lifetime of marginal function.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1287.64,1291.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their lives are characterized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1291.25,1292.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by behavior disturbances, physical disabilities, high rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1292.73,1297.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of failure in school and low rates of employment.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1297.07,1300.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then he goes on to say that,\" the social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1304.19,1306.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic consequences of this tragic sequence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1306.44,1309.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of events are enormous and devastating to the children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1309.96,1313.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to the society with which they grow up.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1313.31,1316.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few days ago I talked with Dick Wagner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1317.12,1319.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Northeast community action agency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1319.45,1322.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he supported this type of a statement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1322.83,1326.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he went on to say that he had recently viewed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1326.5,1330.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a film that was done by the WIC program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1331.144,1333.761"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which documented the very same types of things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1333.761,1337.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the children who are under nourished","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1337.65,1341.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aren't learning as well as in school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1341.77,1344.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have more discipline problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1344.533,1346.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it just starts a cycle of poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1346.74,1349.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And more than 10 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1351.89,1353.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the office of budget calculated that for every one dollar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1353.41,1357.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we failed to spend for food aid assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1357.24,1361.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we ended up paying three more dollars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1361.8,1364.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of payment for sickness care, low productivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1364.49,1367.674"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so-called handouts to the disabled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1367.674,1371.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is with this reasoning then, that advertising slogans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1374.45,1378.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like,\" buy now or more or pay more later\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1378.55,1381.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly are appropriate when it comes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1381.23,1383.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to food aid assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1383.43,1385.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Iowa school breakfast program study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1387.6,1389.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was another classical study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1389.9,1391.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which looked at the effects of the omission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1391.69,1394.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of breakfast on learning abilities of children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1394.6,1397.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in that study, they found that children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1397.59,1400.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are not eating breakfast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1400.84,1403.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often are slow in psychological performance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1403.651,1408.651"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards the end of the morning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1408.71,1410.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as having more discipline problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1410.1,1412.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1417.98,1419.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now on the other side of the coin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1419.6,1421.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the cost to the low income or the poor in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1421.75,1426.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the under utilization of food aid assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1427.81,1432.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is the cost that comes to the state of Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1432.51,1435.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to Iowa's economy by not using federal dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1437.02,1440.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The USDA has a recent report saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1447.15,1450.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that for every $1 in food aid assistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1450.52,1453.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that goes to Iowa, 42% of that goes or 42 cents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1453.928,1457.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that goes directly to farmers while the other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1457.53,1460.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"58 cents goes to retail retailers and producers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1462.342,1465.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's because of this, in 1976 for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1467.83,1471.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa farmers received between 79 and $104 million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1471.63,1476.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because low-income people were able to buy more food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1477.11,1480.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with food stamp dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1480.62,1482.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the report goes on to say that, however because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1482.87,1485.656"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iowa farmers are losing out on millions of dollars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1485.656,1488.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in sales annually due to low food stamp participation rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1488.5,1493.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or put another way the state's refusal to spend funds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1493.58,1497.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for food aid programs designed to increase food stamps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1497.22,1500.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"participation rates is costing farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1500.59,1503.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"millions of dollars annually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1503.46,1505.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And additionally for every $1 spent in food aid assistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1508.48,1512.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that dollar goes on to generate $3.40 worth of new business","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1512.62,1517.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our economy through the multiplier effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1517.007,1520.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now on another side of the welfare issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1529.19,1534.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the types of welfare that we're delivering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1534.49,1537.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again it's been, you know still by and large","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1537.87,1541.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a type of welfare that maintains poverty rather","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1541.75,1544.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than to do anything to change it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1544.63,1547.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's still, you know very","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1547.28,1549.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very much similar to the Elizabethan bread lines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1552.22,1555.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now our welfare system may have become bureaucratized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1559.03,1561.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but other than depression or work camps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1561.65,1564.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wars little has been done to provide employment or jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1564.62,1568.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And its original form, \"The Humphrey Hawkins bill \"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1568.95,1572.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have provided jobs to the poor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1572.33,1574.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And really here in lies a crux to the welfare issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1578.447,1581.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is a large share of welfare recipients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1582.56,1586.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have become dependent upon government assistance programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1586.32,1590.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not because they are lazy or shiftless but because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1590.16,1593.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economics of capitalism has become increasingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1593.15,1596.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unable to provide jobs for all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1596.15,1601.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so when the welfare system, when welfare payments go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1605.41,1608.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to able-bodied people in their dependents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1608.35,1610.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it serves to apologize for defects in our political economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1610.67,1614.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The original\" Humphrey Hawkins bill\" could have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1618.51,1620.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corrected these defects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1620.59,1621.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was opposed on grounds that it was on affordable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1621.86,1625.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it really sort of escapes my reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1625.28,1628.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to realize why it's been deemed cheaper to pay people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1628.41,1632.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for not working rather than to provide employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1632.51,1636.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now its seems to me that that a modern anti-poverty program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1640.55,1645.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should have two major thrusts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1647.07,1648.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is to provide assistance to the disabled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1648.8,1651.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their dependents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1651.35,1652.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And secondly to provide employment to the able-bodied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1652.25,1656.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as continuing on with some assistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1656.91,1660.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until the transition from unemployment to employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1660.33,1664.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well what's happening in our economy today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1667.25,1672.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that with the advent of high tax is been high inflation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1672.59,1676.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is threatening the standard of living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1677.1,1679.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the middle class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1679.23,1680.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The middle class is come to vent it's frustration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1681.88,1685.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the poor through a type of proposition mentality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1685.67,1689.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But its the position of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1691.37,1692.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"representative Hawkins from California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1692.84,1695.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that tax reforms, you know have come to mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1696.3,1699.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a reduction of taxes for the middle income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1699.68,1702.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by cutting social programs for the poor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1704.24,1706.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than closing the loopholes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1706.36,1708.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the wealthy and shifting the tax burden","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1708.09,1710.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those who are at a better position to pay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1710.6,1713.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Senator or representative Hawkins also feels that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1725.56,1728.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Carter 80-81 budget is designed to restrict the economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1728.99,1733.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and create a recession by increasing interest rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1735.2,1738.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has increases on employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1738.46,1741.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as slashing the domestic spending,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1741.1,1744.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recently the children's foundation based in Washington DC","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1744.01,1747.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reported that Congress is considering a $1.4 billion cutback","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1747.84,1752.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the food stamp program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1752.49,1754.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the interest of balancing the budget,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1755.11,1757.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Carter administration is threatening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1757.99,1762.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the effectiveness of the food stamp program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1762.24,1764.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More so than any other administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1764.38,1766.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the program's creation 18 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1766.35,1769.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The children's foundation report","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1772.49,1774.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goes on to say that the proposed cutbacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1774.06,1779.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the food stamp will mean widespread hunger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1779.733,1782.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and malnutrition for more than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1782.85,1784.624"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 million of our nation's poor citizens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1784.624,1789.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in Iowa there are currently 141,000 families","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1789.11,1793.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"participating in the food stamp program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1793.048,1795.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That number has increased 9,000 people from since January.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1796.81,1801.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we're seeing, because of the economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1804.98,1807.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and because of unemployment in Enspiral or in food costs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1807.58,1812.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people are becoming more dependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1812.1,1815.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upon the food stamp program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1815.64,1817.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a very time when Congress is threatening to cut it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1817.5,1821.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact it appears now quite likely that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1821.36,1824.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the month of June that no food stamps will be issued","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1824.81,1828.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the entire nation, unless Congress acts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1828.23,1831.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the next seven days to appropriate more money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1831.75,1836.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to carry the program out to the end of the fiscal year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1837.15,1840.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the reason the programs run out of money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1840.76,1843.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is because when they appropriated the money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1843.36,1845.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they failed to anticipate the high unemployment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1845.92,1850.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the high inflation rates that are bringing more people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1851.697,1856.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the food stamp program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1856.37,1858.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know that for every 1% rise in unemployment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1858.25,1863.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that generates 750,000 people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1864.07,1867.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across the nation who've then turned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1867.56,1871.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to food stamps for subsistence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1871.53,1873.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it seems that what's going on in the interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1877.92,1881.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of balancing the budget and dealing with inflation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1881.82,1884.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all of those measures are being disproportionately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1889.05,1892.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worn by the poor and the low-income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1893.55,1896.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're the ones that are really suffering because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1896.547,1900.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the recession, because not only are they being laid off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1900.02,1903.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but then there'll be being denied assistance programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1903.41,1907.246"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once they're unemployed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1907.246,1909.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in conclusion before we have some discussion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1920.59,1925.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would just like to say that (indistinct) farmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1926.13,1929.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's hard for me to talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1929.22,1931.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about food issue without discussing the land issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1931.52,1935.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At least here in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1935.18,1936.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been a recent USDA report out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1938.38,1942.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and saying that by 2020 ,40% of Southern Iowa cropland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1942.35,1947.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will have reached third degree soil erosion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1948.16,1950.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that instead of the black soils","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1950.58,1954.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are traditional Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1956.63,1957.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll be seeing hillsides covered with red and gray clays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1957.92,1961.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once the soil reaches that state, you have to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1962.87,1966.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it takes more energy at the farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1966.61,1968.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to gear down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1968.32,1969.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it takes more fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1972.98,1974.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it takes more inputs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1974.38,1975.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet you have less outputs at the same time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1975.77,1979.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thats occurring every 10 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1979.41,1982.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The equivalent of two Iowa counties go from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1982.54,1985.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture production into non agricultural uses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=1989.489,1992.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, I know why don't we go ahead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2003.88,2005.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll show you the rest of the slides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2005.43,2007.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This report looked at the field foundations findings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2013.78,2018.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 years after.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2021.17,2022.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1977 the field foundation went back to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2022.36,2026.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same areas where they had seen so much poverty before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2026.46,2030.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and looked again and didn't find the types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2030.25,2032.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of malnutrition that exists before .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2032.87,2035.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e They did not find any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2036.99,2038.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e They did not find the types of malnutrition that existed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2038.77,2042.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before 10 years earlier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2042.25,2044.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The more chronic cases the more graphic cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2044.66,2048.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of malnutrition was covered over or was dealt with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2048.3,2051.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a slide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2062.02,2064.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the school breakfast program in one of the local schools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2064.0,2068.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's because the program is able to buy up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2069.77,2072.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture produce and distribute it to people in need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2073.685,2077.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That benefits both low-income people and Iowa economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=2077.84,2081.643"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29766/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/766/original/AV168123_Hidden_Hunger_in_Iowa_Pride_and_Social_Policy_a.vtt?1624893731","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/766/original/AV168123_Hidden_Hunger_in_Iowa_Pride_and_Social_Policy_a.vtt?1624893731"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29767","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV168123_Hidden_Hunger_in_Iowa_Pride_and_Social_Policy_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440/transcript/29767/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Nate Paul in India studying food and land issues. Currently he's working out of the Des Moines office of the American Friends Service Committee. Where he is hunger and human needs program director for the North Central Region. He has been studying hunger and land issues in Iowa. And that's what he's going to talk about tonight. Hidden hunger in Iowa, pride and social policy. This is smart\r\n\r\n- Thank you. If we could have the lights down please. That's really strange. I was hoping that this room would have a real set so we could adjust the lights.` We'll have to see how this slide presentation works. I just have a few slides and perhaps it would be better if I just ran through those at another time, perhaps later on in the presentation. why don't you turn the lights back on? I really have a hard time talking to a completely dark room. It's very strange. But anyway it is my melancholy privilege to speak to you tonight about hunger in Iowa. Although Iowa has a relatively small percentage of low income people, those people their poverty is often overshadowed in the imagery of white farmsteads governing 400 acres of land. which are powered by shining red and green four wheel drive tractors. The fact that there is hunger in Iowa should serve as a growing sense of embarrassment to a state fame to be a bread basket of the world. The cornucopia of Iowa's bounty simply has not reached the low income people, through no fault of their own lack sufficient means to maintain adequate diet. Tonight I'm first of all, going to discuss more about this poverty and consequent hunger in Iowa. Secondly we all trace the history of the development of social political attitudes and policies that we now direct towards low income people. And then thirdly, I want to speak about the causes and the actual cost of under utilizing food aid assistance programs here in Iowa. Then finally offer a few alternatives and then we'll open it up for discussion. In 1973, 74 of Iowa's 99 counties were declared failure to feed States or failure to feed counties, and that these counties failed to reach 33% of the eligible population with food stamps. As late as 1976 only 23% of Iowa's eligible population was participating in food aid assistance programs. The fact that the poverty is less severe and less graphic than other nations or other areas of the nation. And hence not gaining national tension has been a factor in the under utilization of food aid assistance programs in Iowa. The same 1973 survey which declared Iowa a failure to feed state found that Southern States with higher incidences of poverty were actually doing a much better job in administrating food aid assistance programs. For example in Alabama, only one of their 67 counties was declared failure to feed in 1973. Louisiana had two, followed by Mississippi with three and South Carolina with five failure to feed counties. The Midwest in particular has an extremely poor track record in administrating food aid assistance programs. Kansas has 99 counties. In 1973 each one was declared failure to feed. 73 of Nebraska's counties were declared failure to feed. And again 74 of Iowa's 99 counties. It is to this end that Iowa's welfare system could more appropriately be turned bad fare. For welfare refers to a condition of a state of wellbeing of good fortune of happiness. But in reality to be eligible for welfare assistance in Iowa, means a continuing struggle just to maintain adequate nutritional intake. In 1979 more than 225,000 rural Iowans were declared poor using HEW guidelines. This means that these individuals were living on less than $109 per week. In 1979 Carol Tucker foreman, reported that over the last four years average earnings for American households rose 40% while the earnings in that same period for low-income households rose only 7%. Low income households were found to be spending around 90% of their earnings on housing, food and medical care. Tom Ackerman a community action director from Cedar Rapids related that low-income households have learned to stretch their food dollar until it screams. He went on to say, it's sad but we run across people who haven't even heard of the food stamp program. Now just this morning, I spoke with Carol Jones who's the community food and nutrition coordinator for a cap agency in Southern Iowa. where in that Southern tier of counties where there's the most poverty in Iowa. And she was relating the fact that the programs there are on very underutilized disproportionately more so than the rest of this state. And it seems to be a pattern that areas of higher incidents of poverty within the state of Iowa have even a poor track record in dealing with that poverty. But before further discussing Iowa's poverty , its important to trace the development of the Socio-political attitudes and policies directed towards the poor. For out of these attitudes we have our historical roots and century old traditions of lacking in real concern. And even today there's an uncanny resemblance between Elizabeth and poor laws which established bread lines and poor houses, and today's welfare system of food stamps and County poor forms for both systems are aimed unduly at just maintaining the poor at maintaining the poverty. Just establish it to continue on but with no real direct efforts in changing the existing order. It was in the Elizabeth and tradition that America system for assisting the poor was well established by 1700. It was a system of workhouses, poor houses, prisons, charity hospitals in public duel, but the panic of 1837 brought a welfare boom to the United States. And bread and soup lines became a common scene, but it was in the 1830's that we see a rise of the laissez-faire and the political philosophies and also a rising of social Darwinism, which stress the survival of the fittest. And it was a system then that was used to justify wealth and poverty. Its Important to note that the laissez-faire political philosophies and the social Darwinism attitudes were entrenched at that time. And today with they've developed into an ideology of blaming the victims. That is victims of poverty are poor because they are somehow thought to be unfit, mentally defective, lazy, shiftless people who at best deserve nothing more than handouts. The lunacy of this ideology reached its height in the great depression of the thirties. When the stigma against certain groups of unemployed was so great that these unemployed internalized their plight to the degree that they would actually go through the measures of leaving for work every morning just to make sure that that the rest of the public or the community didn't find out that they had lost their job. And yet even today, the welfare stigma has played an all too unkindly role in the under utilization of food aid assistance Programs. It was then during the depression when thousands were going hungry. At the same time that farmers were dumping their milk and destroying their produce rather than accept low prices, that one of the major welfare systems was established. And that was the commodities program which was the forerunner of today's food stamp program. And this system government bought up surplus from the farmers and distributed it to people in need. But with the advent of world war two and the ending of the depression came a dismantling of the large scale antipoverty programs that were established during the depression era. Then the issue of hunger didn't surface again in America till June of 1967, when the field foundations team of medical doctors investigated hunger and malnutrition in Southern States. Their conclusion shocked the nation as the following testimony was given to Congress. wherever he went and wherever we looked the doctors reported, \"we saw significant numbers of who were hungry and sick children for whom hunger and sickness was a daily fact of life. The children we saw were more than just hungry. They were malnourished, weak and apathetic. Their lives were being shortened. They were visibly and predictably losing their health, their energy and their spirit.\" and the report, the testimony to Congress goes on and on with those types of statements. Then following the field foundations report, came a number of studies which looked at poverty in America especially in areas where poverty was more severe. And probably one of the best known was a CBS documentary which graphically displayed malnourished faces on millions of TV screens across the nation. Why don't we show a few slides now at this point and we'll see how this goes. Its because of Iowa's imagery again of farmsteads and large equipment and the poverty is often often overshadowed. And again you know, it's the idea of hunger in a midst of plenty is just an incredible idea. That we have silos all along the river and through out even the central part of the state, like these full of grain and yet hunger exists in Iowa. It's this type of poverty that is there. Now this is the 1973 census, which found so many of Iowa's counties to be failure to feed, that's One of the classical studies. These headlines were generated out of reports that the American friends service committee rode along with the advocator welfare answering service in Waterloo. And in the recent seventies, we've seen some interest by the press in hunger issues. Now the darker areas are where the most severe forms of poverty are in Iowa. Iowa has a system of 19 community action programs, which governed about five counties. And they often administrate various food aid assistance programs. And FAB produced these maps. The community action agencies are a spin off for the old office of economic opportunity. Now there's one same thing that seems to be characteristic of the poor. And I happened to find it in this family. And that is that illness seems to be prevalent. Those 19 community action agencies did a survey and they found that in most of the families living in poverty ,that there was some form of a pretty severe illness. And this gentleman to your left has diabetes and his wife has given birth to two children. One was an epileptic who then gave birth to two children who were retarded and that's just another one of their grandchildren. Okay let's turn the lights back on. Okay. So in the decade that followed the 1967 so-called discovery of hunger in America, came a massive mobilization of food aid assistance programs. And the food stamp program has been one of those which has grown from a small program which served 2.8 million people in 1968 to a program which now serves around 22 million people. Other major federal food aid assistance programs include free and reduced price lunches and breakfast at the schools across the state. Perhaps one of the most important federal food aid assistance programs, in terms of warding off hunger and impaired physical and mental development of low income children is a WIC program. It's known as the supplemental feeding for women and infants and children program. The WIC program attempts to identify low income mothers who are either pregnant or breastfeeding. And through a simple house survey they can tell if they're of nutritional risk to the degree that the development of the fetus or the nursing infant may be impaired. At that point, the WIC program comes in and offers free prescriptions for nutritional food to bring the health of the mother up as well as the children who may be under her. And then the program goes on to provide free education, free health education. Now its interesting to note that the WIC program is underutilized more severely than the food stamp program, in spite of the fact that the WIC program may be more important in terms of guarding the health and the development of children. Sharon Robertson is the state director for the WIC program. And we've talked with her recently and she said in the last three months, they've identified a thousand new families in Iowa who come under the guidelines of the WIC program. But she's saying because of the federal cutbacks in social spending that it's very possible that they won't have enough funding to continue on with the program for these newly identified women. Okay, but at any rate, following the so-called discovery of hunger in America again. We saw a massive mobilization of food aid assistance programs. But it's unfortunate that they've been targeted at the most graphic forms of malnutrition and hunger in the United States. And they've succeeded in dealing with that quite well. Now that's fortunate, but it's unfortunate that those types of programs haven't reached places or areas like Iowa and still remain under utilized today. But it's in state Iowa that social political attitudes directed towards the poor people have left a legacy of underutilized food aid assistance programs which have hurt both Iowa's economy and the welfare of low income people. In 1975 the American friends service committee, along with other food advocacy agencies filed federal suit against the US department of Iowa or the US department of agriculture And Iowa's was department of social services. And that they were failing to carry out meaningful food stamp outreach programs. And that they just were failing to allow low-income people to learn the availability of those programs in a meaningful way. This is in spite of the fact of federal regulations that mandating that they do. Now the cost of its important to note that the cost of the food stamp program is borne by the federal government. Iowa will only have to pay 50% of the outreach and administrating. So when Iowa chooses this to turn down these federal funds, it comes at an economic cost to the state. And I'll talk about that a little bit later on. But currently Iowa has 99 food stamp outreach workers in each County, but they're only spending about 10% of their time on outreach activities with a few district coordinators spending about 5% of their time on outreach. It's the position of the American friends service committee that the state should have at least 19 full-time workers. This is due to the fact that currently as of last year, 44 County Iowa counties were still declared failure to feed. And they're only reaching 45% of the eligible population. Now Dr. Wheeler is one of the nation's most predominant spokesperson on domestic hunger issues. On April 9th 30th 1979, he gave the following congressional testimony. And I'll just sort of summarize it. \"My colleagues and I are often observe the more subtle forms of malnutrition, particularly early among the poor where food aid programs are underutilized or not reaching those who need help.\" He went on to say that,\" undernourished children become slow learners ,wind up living in poverty and go on to produce children who grew up in a vicious cycle which condemns them to a lifetime of marginal function. Their lives are characterized by behavior disturbances, physical disabilities, high rates of failure in school and low rates of employment.\" Then he goes on to say that,\" the social and economic consequences of this tragic sequence of events are enormous and devastating to the children and to the society with which they grow up.\" A few days ago I talked with Dick Wagner from Northeast community action agency, and he supported this type of a statement. And he went on to say that he had recently viewed a film that was done by the WIC program. Which documented the very same types of things, that the children who are under nourished aren't learning as well as in school. They have more discipline problems and it just starts a cycle of poverty. And more than 10 years ago, the office of budget calculated that for every one dollar we failed to spend for food aid assistance programs. Now we ended up paying three more dollars in terms of payment for sickness care, low productivity and so-called handouts to the disabled. It is with this reasoning then, that advertising slogans like,\" buy now or more or pay more later\" certainly are appropriate when it comes to food aid assistance programs. The Iowa school breakfast program study was another classical study which looked at the effects of the omission of breakfast on learning abilities of children. And in that study, they found that children who are not eating breakfast, often are slow in psychological performance towards the end of the morning as well as having more discipline problems. Okay. Now on the other side of the coin, of the cost to the low income or the poor in Iowa of the under utilization of food aid assistance programs. Is the cost that comes to the state of Iowa, and to Iowa's economy by not using federal dollars. The USDA has a recent report saying that for every $1 in food aid assistance that goes to Iowa, 42% of that goes or 42 cents of that goes directly to farmers while the other 58 cents goes to retail retailers and producers. And it's because of this, in 1976 for example Iowa farmers received between 79 and $104 million because low-income people were able to buy more food with food stamp dollars. But the report goes on to say that, however because Iowa farmers are losing out on millions of dollars in sales annually due to low food stamp participation rates. Or put another way the state's refusal to spend funds for food aid programs designed to increase food stamps participation rates is costing farmers millions of dollars annually. And additionally for every $1 spent in food aid assistance that dollar goes on to generate $3.40 worth of new business in our economy through the multiplier effect. Now on another side of the welfare issue is that the types of welfare that we're delivering. And again it's been, you know still by and large a type of welfare that maintains poverty rather than to do anything to change it. And it's still, you know very very much similar to the Elizabethan bread lines. Now our welfare system may have become bureaucratized but other than depression or work camps and wars little has been done to provide employment or jobs. And its original form, \"The Humphrey Hawkins bill \" would have provided jobs to the poor. And really here in lies a crux to the welfare issue, that is a large share of welfare recipients have become dependent upon government assistance programs. Not because they are lazy or shiftless but because the economics of capitalism has become increasingly unable to provide jobs for all. And so when the welfare system, when welfare payments go to able-bodied people in their dependents it serves to apologize for defects in our political economy. The original\" Humphrey Hawkins bill\" could have corrected these defects. It was opposed on grounds that it was on affordable and it really sort of escapes my reason to realize why it's been deemed cheaper to pay people for not working rather than to provide employment. Now its seems to me that that a modern anti-poverty program should have two major thrusts. One is to provide assistance to the disabled and their dependents. And secondly to provide employment to the able-bodied as well as continuing on with some assistance until the transition from unemployment to employment. Well what's happening in our economy today that with the advent of high tax is been high inflation, which is threatening the standard of living for the middle class. The middle class is come to vent it's frustration on the poor through a type of proposition mentality. But its the position of representative Hawkins from California. And that tax reforms, you know have come to mean a reduction of taxes for the middle income by cutting social programs for the poor rather than closing the loopholes for the wealthy and shifting the tax burden to those who are at a better position to pay. Senator or representative Hawkins also feels that the Carter 80-81 budget is designed to restrict the economy and create a recession by increasing interest rates which has increases on employment as well as slashing the domestic spending, recently the children's foundation based in Washington DC reported that Congress is considering a $1.4 billion cutback in the food stamp program. In the interest of balancing the budget, the Carter administration is threatening the effectiveness of the food stamp program More so than any other administration since the program's creation 18 years ago. The children's foundation report goes on to say that the proposed cutbacks from the food stamp will mean widespread hunger and malnutrition for more than 20 million of our nation's poor citizens. Now in Iowa there are currently 141,000 families participating in the food stamp program. That number has increased 9,000 people from since January. So what we're seeing, because of the economy and because of unemployment in Enspiral or in food costs, that people are becoming more dependent upon the food stamp program at a very time when Congress is threatening to cut it. In fact it appears now quite likely that in the month of June that no food stamps will be issued across the entire nation, unless Congress acts within the next seven days to appropriate more money and to carry the program out to the end of the fiscal year. Now the reason the programs run out of money is because when they appropriated the money they failed to anticipate the high unemployment and the high inflation rates that are bringing more people to the food stamp program. We know that for every 1% rise in unemployment that generates 750,000 people across the nation who've then turned to food stamps for subsistence. So it seems that what's going on in the interest of balancing the budget and dealing with inflation, that all of those measures are being disproportionately worn by the poor and the low-income. And they're the ones that are really suffering because of the recession, because not only are they being laid off but then there'll be being denied assistance programs once they're unemployed. Now in conclusion before we have some discussion, I would just like to say that farmer, that it's hard for me to talk about food issue without discussing the land issue. At least here in Iowa. There has been a recent USDA report out and saying that by 2020 ,40% of Southern Iowa cropland will have reached third degree soil erosion, which means that instead of the black soils that are traditional Iowa we'll be seeing hillsides covered with red and gray clays. Once the soil reaches that state, you have to it takes more energy at the farm you have to gear down, it takes more fertilizer it takes more inputs. And yet you have less outputs at the same time thats occurring every 10 years. The equivalent of two Iowa counties go from agriculture production into non agricultural uses. Oh, I know why don't we go ahead and I'll show you the rest of the slides. This report looked at the field foundations findings 10 years after. In 1977 the field foundation went back to the same areas where they had seen so much poverty before and looked again and didn't find the types of malnutrition that exists before .\r\n\r\n- They did not find any\r\n\r\n- They did not find the types of malnutrition that existed before 10 years earlier. The more chronic cases the more graphic cases of malnutrition was covered over or was dealt with. This is a slide of the school breakfast program in one of the local schools. And it's because the program is able to buy up agriculture produce and distribute it to people in need. That benefits both low-income people and Iowa economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45482/file/118440#t=0.0,2096.136"}]}]}]}