{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/x921c1vb9k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Allen, Garland E., Scientific Racism: Its History and Modern Consequences"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Scientific Racism and its History and Mod. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Allen, Garland E. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1979-12-11"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Scientific Racism: Its History and Modern Consequences is a December 11, 1979 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Garland E. Allen. Garland E. Allen","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio tape"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV168092 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Racism","Eugenics","Human biology--Social aspects","Sociobiology"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV168092"]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9qz22n7z"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Scientific Racism: Its History and Modern Consequences is a December 11, 1979 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Garland E. Allen. Garland E. Allen","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/428/small/lecture.png?1624893630","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - AV168092_Scientific_Racism_and_its_History_and_Mod_a.mp3"]},"duration":4311.048,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/428/small/lecture.png?1624893630","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/118/428/original/AV168092_Scientific_Racism_and_its_History_and_Mod_a.mp3?1624893630","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":4311.048,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV168092_Scientific_Racism_and_its_History_and_Mod_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Good evening, my name is Hamilton Cravens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=21.44,24.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I would like to welcome you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=24.18,26.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the third and we hope not last,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=26.13,28.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the third funded lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=28.61,31.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Sperry and Hutchinson Foundation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=31.12,33.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a series called Science, Technology, Society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=33.18,36.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1976, we had the first one of these lectures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=38.91,43.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this will be the last for the time being.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=43.75,47.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first speaker was Professor Carol Purcell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=47.21,49.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the University of California at Santa Barbara,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=49.78,52.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who spoke on the political ramifications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=52.43,54.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of centralization in American technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=56.06,59.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second speaker was Professor Arnold Facre,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=59.2,62.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who spoke on the issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=62.85,64.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whether science could could be measured.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=64.21,66.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight, our speaker is Professor Garland E. Allen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=68.94,73.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who teaches in the biology department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=73.38,75.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Washington University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=75.11,77.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His interest has to do with the history of biology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=77.25,82.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the history of scientific racism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=82.41,85.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the history of eugenics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=85.1,86.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the larger sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=86.58,88.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the use and abuse, I think this is correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=88.33,91.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of science and as it affects society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=91.14,94.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Allen attended the University of Louisville","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=96.5,99.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also Harvard University where he graduated in 1966.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=99.79,104.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has been a National Science Foundation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=104.11,106.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fellow and grantee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=106.31,108.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is the author of a biology textbook,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=108.12,111.829"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oodles of articles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=111.829,113.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and two major books,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=113.99,115.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A History of the Life Sciences in the Twentieth Century\",","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=115.597,118.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the authoritative and definitive biography","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=118.34,122.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Mendelian geneticist, Thomas Hunt Morgan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=122.11,125.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Allen is currently working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=127.67,129.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the history of the eugenics movement in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=129.62,133.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some attempt to compare it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=133.64,136.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in its international context,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=136.17,137.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's very concerned with the whole issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=137.71,141.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the use of scientific theories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=141.1,143.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a way of naming and defining allegedly superior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=143.61,147.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and allegedly inferior peoples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=147.9,150.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=151.34,152.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight, without further ado,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=153.09,155.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to introduce Professor Garland E. Allen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=155.15,158.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will be speaking on theories of scientific racism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=158.41,162.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's history and modern consequences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=163.986,166.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=166.62,167.848"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=167.848,170.598"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll try to give you some very brief overview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=176.72,179.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what I'd like to do in the few minutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=179.37,182.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm gonna be talking tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=182.06,183.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there are questions afterwards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=184.69,186.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can certainly spend some time going into those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=186.24,189.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'd like to do is to focus on the issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=189.6,193.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of scientific racism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=193.76,195.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to talk a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=195.86,196.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about some of its 19th century historical developments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=196.98,200.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then in order to get into a little bit more depth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=200.91,204.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to focus on a 20th century example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=204.44,207.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the eugenics movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=207.86,209.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which also happens to be subject as Hamilton told you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=209.78,214.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm very concerned with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=214.14,216.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a part of American social, economic, political history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=216.01,219.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do we mean by the term scientific racism?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=221.73,226.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A few years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=227.1,227.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people were using the term biological determinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=227.933,230.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe you have ran across that term at some point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=230.99,234.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would use them more or less synonymously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=234.41,238.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether you call it biological determinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=239.16,241.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or scientific racism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=241.25,243.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if we wanna call it scientific racism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=243.18,245.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can really expand that term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=245.24,247.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be scientific racism, scientific sexism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=247.59,250.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and scientific classism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=250.86,252.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By whatever name,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=253.39,255.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this concept, these terms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=255.02,258.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"refer to the attempt to use biology, science in general,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=258.24,263.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but most generally biology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=263.93,266.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try and account","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=266.5,268.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the social, economic, behavioral differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=268.46,273.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between groups of human beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=274.31,276.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Throughout history, theories of scientific racism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=278.69,281.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have attempted to explain poverty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=281.71,284.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The old dictum that the poor will always be with us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=284.18,287.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a concept, a generalization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=288.38,291.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which requires or at least in many people's minds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=291.96,295.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to require some kind of explanation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=295.28,298.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The existence of unemployment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=298.81,300.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"persistent failure of certain individuals or certain groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=301.76,306.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the educational process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=306.46,308.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mental deficiency, social problems such as alcoholism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=309.87,314.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"criminality, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=315.04,317.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each of these are recognizable social problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=319.17,321.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scientific racism, sexism, classism, biological determinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=323.12,327.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the attempt to explain the existence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=327.77,330.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these social problems in biological terms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=330.64,333.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is to root the cause of the problem in the inherited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=333.56,337.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or somehow inherent makeup of individual human beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=337.44,342.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most theories of biological determinism or scientific racism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=345.96,349.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have attempted to explain some behavioral aspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=349.32,352.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of human beings by reference to an innate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=352.14,354.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though not necessarily a genetic, biological cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=354.63,358.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theories of scientific racism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=360.92,363.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are by no means something of the past.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=363.03,366.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the reasons that I got interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=366.65,368.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this whole topic as an aspect of history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=368.55,371.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was because it seemed to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=371.09,373.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that from my knowledge of its history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=373.15,375.298"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were some things going on today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=375.298,377.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had a very old ring to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=377.12,380.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There seemed to be a good deal of déjà vu.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=380.03,382.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=382.77,383.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the theories of Arthur Jensen beginning in 1969,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=383.73,387.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"claiming that black people were genetically inferior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=387.17,390.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in intelligence to whites,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=390.77,392.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sounded to me at first glance, awfully reminiscent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=392.85,395.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some arguments that were made in the 1950s and 1920s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=395.88,399.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the teens and '20s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=399.9,401.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theories that criminality is caused in large part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=402.49,407.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by genetic or chromosomal aberrations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=407.47,410.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the presence of extra Y chromosomes and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=410.61,412.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a theory that had a short-lived,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=412.96,415.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather dramatic history in the early 1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=415.86,420.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, we hear a great deal said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=420.5,422.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a new biological discipline called sociobiology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=422.36,427.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is also in my view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=427.21,429.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very current example of a theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=429.2,432.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of scientific sexism and racism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=432.03,434.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'd like to do is to look at the nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=437.17,439.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some of these theories in the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=439.5,441.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to try to get the end of the talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=441.8,444.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to some kind of analysis of what the appearance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=444.41,448.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the reappearance of such theories means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=448.16,451.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a larger social context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=451.4,453.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me start out by saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=454.4,455.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that to see the role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=455.5,456.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of such theories in history does not mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=456.58,459.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have to deny","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=460.44,462.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are real hereditary differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=462.01,464.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between people or between subgroups of the human population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=464.51,469.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is certainly true that some human behavioral differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=469.01,473.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are rooted in physiology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=473.36,474.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in turn are rooted in genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=474.71,476.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as diabetes, certain heart conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=476.47,480.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Down syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=480.0,482.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a whole catalog of clinically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=482.54,485.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and biologically very definable human hereditary traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=485.85,490.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that affect human social behavior,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=490.75,493.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what human beings can do in their society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=493.32,495.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To look at the historical role of theories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=496.784,500.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of scientific racism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=500.16,502.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does not mean that we have to deny","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=502.38,504.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that such clinically definable conditions exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=504.6,507.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, when the scientific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=507.98,509.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or biological data postulating a biological cause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=509.84,513.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a very specific social phenomenon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=513.39,516.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as poverty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=516.28,518.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or unemployment, or alcoholism, or criminality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=518.04,522.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we find such theories postulated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=524.01,526.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to explain those rather specific social conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=526.85,529.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the historical point that is of great significance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=531.38,533.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is how those theories are used in their social context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=533.76,537.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 18th and 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=538.96,540.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theories of scientific racism became quite popular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=540.87,545.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have existed all the way back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=547.97,549.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the time of the Greeks, by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=549.41,551.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Plato, himself was one of the inventors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=551.03,554.242"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the perhaps what might be called the first theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=554.242,558.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of scientific classism at any rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=558.15,561.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Plato was honest enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=561.04,562.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he called his theory a noble lie,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=562.42,564.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was that human beings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=564.73,566.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are born made of different metals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=566.14,569.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that it's important that each person learn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=569.05,572.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the metal is of which they are composed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=572.25,575.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if they're composed of iron,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=575.28,576.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they should behave as iron,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=576.94,579.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they are composed of silver or gold,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=579.16,581.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they should behave the silver or gold.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=581.0,583.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Plato called it a lie","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=583.33,584.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because he knew it was necessary to use the theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=584.5,588.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not as a means of scientific or natural truth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=588.09,591.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather as a means of simply trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=591.51,594.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to hold things to the status quo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=594.38,597.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's really in the 18th and 19th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=597.61,599.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we begin to see some of these theories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=599.6,601.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking what in our terms might be a non-metaphorical role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=601.52,606.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plato's noble lie was a metaphor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=606.76,609.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't literally true in anybody's mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=609.17,611.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that human beings were made of metal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=611.48,613.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in fact, by the 18th or 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=613.4,616.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theories of the actual biological cause,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=616.1,619.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not simply a comparison became prominent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=619.2,622.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As slavery grew in the 18th and 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=622.9,625.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a debate raged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=625.14,626.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the community of natural historians and savants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=626.1,629.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about whether the newly discovered non-white races","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=629.69,633.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Africa, the Indian races of South America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=633.84,637.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the same species as the white Caucasian European.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=637.4,642.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A number of naturalist Linnaeus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=642.25,644.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Agassiz, Thomas Jefferson,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=644.92,647.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who were, in our terms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=647.52,650.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps some professional, some semi-professional,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=650.01,653.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some just educated naturalist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=653.42,656.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came to the fore and debated this issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=656.83,658.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the general consensus for a considerable period of time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=658.47,662.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in fact that the two groups were the whites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=662.22,665.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and non-whites were separate species.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=665.7,667.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that in fact, the separateness was the result either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=667.75,671.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of separate creations of pre-Adamite creations and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=671.45,676.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The mid and later 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=677.56,679.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it became obvious by a number of criteria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=679.084,682.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all human beings were really members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=682.81,684.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the same species.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=684.5,686.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With the rise of the growing emancipation movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=686.39,689.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were beginning to develop in Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=689.77,691.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is for the emancipation of slavery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=691.77,693.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in various European colonies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=693.5,695.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a new justification was picked up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=695.77,698.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for trying to explain in a sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=698.35,701.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why the blacks race in particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=701.17,704.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be regarded not as an equal of the white.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=704.78,707.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Human races, it was said, existed in a hierarchy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=709.3,711.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the most primitive to the most advanced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=711.79,714.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The argument was based upon a growing field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=714.61,718.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the early to mid 19th century known as anthropometry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=718.43,722.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anthropometry meant literally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=722.767,725.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the measurement of the human being.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=725.01,728.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The attempt to get various kinds of data, measured data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=728.09,733.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the structure of the human anatomy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=733.09,737.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the most interesting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=738.81,739.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do we turn off the lights?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=739.91,741.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=741.67,742.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Step switch is over there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=747.35,748.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmurs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=755.863,758.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e One of the most interesting kinds of comparison","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=765.547,767.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Europeans first became infatuated with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=767.95,771.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the obvious, in some ways physical likeness of the apes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=771.46,776.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the primates to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=777.46,779.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The remote focus doesn't work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=787.01,789.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess there's a little knob on the front of the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=789.29,792.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmurs inaudibly)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=792.566,794.296"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=794.296,795.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=795.13,798.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We may have a very anti-racist slide machine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=798.34,801.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I think it's--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=801.94,802.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e This figure which came from about the 1850s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=803.87,807.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"show the obviously biased view in the drawing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=808.76,812.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comparing of an orang to a female black from Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=812.61,817.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the comparison, the drawing, as you can see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=819.52,822.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously exaggerates similarities in a way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=822.2,825.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that way you can get a focus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=827.033,828.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shows the kind of thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=828.12,830.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was prevalent in making these comparisons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=831.2,834.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was obvious that the blacks to white Europeans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=834.18,839.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was obvious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=839.27,840.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the blacks resembled the anthropoid apes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=840.103,844.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, anthropometry however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=847.16,850.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tried to go beyond this kind of simple or facile comparison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=850.58,854.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It attempted to measure the differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=854.9,857.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore give them precision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=857.25,858.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and apparent scientific authority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=858.94,860.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the most common methods of measurement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=862.36,864.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the so called facial protractor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=865.467,868.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was a means of measuring facial angle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=868.21,871.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The lower part of the protractor was placed under the chin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=871.48,874.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this part of the protractor adjusted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=874.84,876.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go up the slant of the face,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=876.94,879.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from that, measured along the arc you could get,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=879.63,882.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that still isn't very clear focus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=882.31,884.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think it's the best we can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=884.44,887.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The remote control only puts it out of focus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=890.38,892.799"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=892.799,894.218"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Simply bring it back in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=894.218,896.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway, you could get a measurement of an angle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=896.13,899.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then that measurement of angle could be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=899.36,901.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to compare different groups to one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=901.83,904.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's one of the simpler examples of the date,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=904.57,908.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was about 1850 again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=910.19,912.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shows the comparison of the simple facial angle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=913.94,916.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=919.887,921.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The facial angle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=921.01,922.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It showed the kind of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=922.66,923.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the European investigator found very satisfying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=923.63,928.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that was that the more sharp the angle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=928.14,931.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more anthropoid the facial structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=931.83,935.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the white European had a almost vertical angle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=935.16,940.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas the black had a much more acute angle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=940.42,945.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was found that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=947.45,948.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you range the various subgroups of the human population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=948.283,951.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along the line of facial angles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=951.63,954.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that indeed the white European came out the furthest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=954.18,957.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in facial angle from the anthropoid apes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=957.93,962.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the black came closest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=962.73,964.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that again, was very satisfying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=964.94,967.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of going along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=967.22,969.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with basic kind of social and hierarchical assumptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=969.62,974.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, some biologists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=975.18,976.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and zoologists pointed out at this time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=976.39,979.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if this was true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=979.13,980.628"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if this argument should apply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=980.628,983.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout the whole phylogeny of the animal kingdom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=983.03,986.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there should be some relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=986.01,987.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between facial angle not only just among the primates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=987.32,991.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in fact, it could be carried on down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=991.4,993.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into other species as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=993.22,995.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The simplest biological explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=995.36,997.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the significance of this facial angle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=997.69,999.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not merely that it was a measurement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=999.9,1002.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that differentiated one group from another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1002.25,1004.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that it was a measurement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1004.267,1005.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that reflected the shape of the skull,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1005.1,1007.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly the frontal lobe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1007.275,1008.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the center of reason was supposed to reside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1008.9,1012.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore the sharper the facial angle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1012.12,1014.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the less frontal lobe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1014.47,1015.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore the less braining material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1015.84,1018.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the less cognitive power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1018.27,1021.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, indeed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1021.25,1022.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if one looked around through the animal kingdom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1022.083,1024.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and arranged the phyla in representatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1024.5,1027.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least even the vertebrates along the kind of line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1027.57,1030.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could get everything from a fish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1030.73,1032.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a virtually horizontal facial angle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1032.49,1035.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to a white European with a vertical facial angle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1035.37,1039.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you got a very nice series.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1039.96,1042.699"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Brain neurologists knew,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1042.699,1045.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you could equally well pick any number of other species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1045.18,1048.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the middle of that array,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1048.243,1052.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they would not fall in the place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1052.48,1054.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you would hope they would.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1054.61,1055.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a very select arrangement of phyla,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1055.9,1059.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at the end it'll show the kind of thinking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1059.29,1062.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the searching for a biological correlate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1062.36,1066.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to justify already existing social hierarchies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1066.52,1071.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the anthropometry movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1073.25,1076.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which became very prominent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1076.1,1077.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the latter half of the 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1077.48,1080.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attempted eventually, as it really got going,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1080.61,1082.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to measure any and everything about the human frame.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1082.76,1087.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would measure every conceivable part of the anatomy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1088.28,1090.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and found this generated table after table of data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1090.96,1094.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you read the anthropological anthropometric papers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1094.09,1097.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"published in this period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1097.75,1099.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will see just endless tables of figures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1099.58,1102.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this gave to the movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1102.76,1105.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a sense of the precision of science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1105.23,1108.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the authority of science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1108.86,1110.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was a great deal written on this subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1110.62,1114.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1850s, '60s and '70s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1114.09,1115.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we could go into great length.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1118.72,1120.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd love to spend more time talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1120.26,1122.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the anthropometry movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1122.05,1123.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause it really has some fascinating aspects to it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1123.137,1126.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including the work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1126.45,1129.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of at least one great American anthropometrist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1129.48,1132.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Samuel G. Morton,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1132.32,1134.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which one biologist historian of sciences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1134.0,1138.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stephen Gould, has shown in the last couple of years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1138.69,1141.642"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"managed to fake a good deal of his data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1141.642,1145.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps unconsciously, but in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1145.06,1147.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so low the measurements that he was taking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1147.18,1149.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he showed exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1149.32,1150.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what his preconceptions intended to show.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1150.67,1153.831"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole anthropometry movement was very interesting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1153.831,1156.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also, again something I don't have time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1156.08,1158.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to talk about right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1158.05,1159.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the whole argument was applied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1159.38,1162.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in male-female differences as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1162.33,1164.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 1870s, especially in England,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1164.84,1167.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when movements for women's emancipation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1167.87,1170.271"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for women's admission to higher education was a hot topic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1170.271,1174.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a hot parliamentary topic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1174.61,1176.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the London Anthropological Society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1176.81,1178.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began to generate large numbers of papers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1178.55,1180.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using various kinds of measurements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1181.84,1184.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first facial angles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1184.33,1185.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then various other kinds of measurements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1185.55,1188.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"head to body weight, body size, and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1188.44,1191.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to get measurements that would show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1191.14,1193.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women were biologically inferior to men,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1193.33,1197.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore to admit women to the universities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1197.04,1199.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in fact to upset the order of nature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1199.08,1202.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Such arguments were used in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1205.0,1207.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly to show that black people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1207.09,1209.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should not be emancipated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1209.72,1211.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in fact, the emancipation movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1211.84,1214.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were going to so upset the social structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1214.85,1217.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in fact, it would be deleterious to everyone concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1217.95,1221.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Louis Agassiz, the great American biologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1221.92,1224.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and zoologist in 1869 argued from data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1224.15,1228.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much as what you see here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1228.69,1231.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Negros' brains had smaller capacities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1231.2,1234.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than those of whites.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1234.14,1236.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1236.1,1236.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"There is no more malicious practice than slavery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1236.933,1239.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"except perhaps the doctrine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1239.597,1241.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"that all men are equal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1241.387,1243.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"in the sense of being equally capable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1243.247,1245.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"of fostering progress and advancing civilization.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1245.117,1248.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In terms of social policy, Agassiz went on to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1248.95,1251.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Let us be aware of granting too much to the Negro race.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1251.517,1255.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"In the beginning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1256.727,1257.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"lest it become necessary here after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1257.56,1259.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to deprive them of some of the principles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1259.477,1261.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"which they may use to their own and to our detriment.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1261.637,1265.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it's interesting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1265.91,1266.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Agassiz was probably one of the most renowned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1266.743,1269.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and well-known zoologist in the United States at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1269.15,1273.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was surprised and somewhat perturbed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1273.69,1276.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find that his arguments and his conclusions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1276.47,1279.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were picked up and used by Southerners","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1279.17,1280.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the Reconstruction Era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1280.93,1282.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was even profoundly hurt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1282.76,1285.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he was called by one abolitionist a racist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1285.05,1288.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nonetheless, Agassiz's preconceptions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1289.53,1292.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his presumptions, his assumptions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1292.47,1294.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever term you wanna use for them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1294.91,1296.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a sense dictated the kind of biological evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1296.85,1301.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which he was willing to rest a conclusion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1301.14,1303.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The thought process was very clear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1305.57,1309.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The social hierarchy was natural.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1309.4,1311.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The function of biology was to show why it was natural.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1313.57,1316.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The most profound theory of scientific racism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1320.23,1323.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 19th century, I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1323.04,1324.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that which was called social Darwinism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1324.81,1328.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was originally a movement and a concept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1328.488,1332.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which emerged from the writings of Herbert Spencer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1332.56,1334.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his great American proponent was William Graham Sumner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1334.94,1338.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Yale University,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1338.27,1339.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"popular in the period from about 1880","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1342.02,1344.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"till the very early 1900's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1344.26,1346.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Darwinism attempted to apply the Darwinian theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1346.74,1349.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of natural selection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1349.85,1351.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the structuring and the history of society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1351.34,1355.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic argument of social Darwinism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1355.01,1357.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that in the social sphere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1357.72,1359.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in the natural biological sphere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1359.49,1362.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organisms compete for scarce resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1362.42,1365.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the competition means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1365.77,1367.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those who succeed rise to the top of success,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1367.67,1371.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either in the animal community or in the human community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1371.34,1375.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those who are unable to compete","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1375.66,1378.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or less successful, sink to the bottom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1378.24,1381.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Such a theory explained the existence and persistence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1381.44,1384.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of social and economic hierarchies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1384.56,1386.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in fact suggested that to alter those hierarchies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1386.9,1390.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by such things as legislation or charity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1390.93,1395.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in fact, to go against the order of nature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1395.6,1398.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To help those who were unfit survive was as unnatural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1398.8,1403.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as for an organism that was incapable of competing in nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1403.37,1408.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be somehow protected and allowed to further its kind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1408.02,1411.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sumner pointed out clearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1414.69,1416.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the biological doctrine of natural selection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1416.07,1418.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could be used to justify a certain social order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1418.54,1422.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said the millionaires are a product of natural selection,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1422.41,1425.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"acting on the whole body of men","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1425.89,1427.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pick out those who can meet the requirement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1427.62,1429.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a certain work to be done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1429.78,1431.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is because they are thus selected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1431.97,1434.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that wealth both their own and that entrusted to them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1434.21,1437.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"aggregates in their hands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1437.47,1439.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They may fairly be regarded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1439.64,1441.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the naturally selected agents of society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1441.1,1443.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for certain work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1443.77,1445.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They get high wages and live in luxury,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1445.27,1447.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the bargain is a good one for society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1447.6,1450.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is the intensest competition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1450.6,1453.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for their place in occupation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1453.27,1455.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This assures us that all who are competent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1455.52,1457.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this function will be employed in it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1457.9,1460.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the cost will be reduced to the lowest terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1460.3,1463.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sumner went on to say that social legislation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1465.39,1467.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to aid the poor or unemployed is destructive to society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1467.59,1472.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Let it be understood,\" he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1472.407,1473.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"that we cannot go outside of this alternative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1473.957,1476.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Liberty, inequality, survival of the fittest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1476.817,1481.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Non-liberty, equality, and survival of the unfittest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1481.057,1486.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The former carries society forward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1487.247,1489.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and favors all of its best members.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1489.137,1491.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The latter carries society downwards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1491.557,1493.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and favors all of its worst members.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1493.947,1496.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is of course, one fallacy in social Darwinism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1496.88,1499.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that makes the application of the biological principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1499.56,1502.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the social sphere irrelevant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1502.81,1505.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that fallacy is a very simple one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1505.61,1507.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fitness, who is fit and who is less fit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1507.727,1511.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Darwinian terms is judged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1511.0,1513.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by one and only one external criteria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1513.5,1517.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is what's called differential fertility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1517.21,1521.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those organisms are the most fit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1521.15,1522.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who leave the most offspring to the next generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1522.9,1526.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those offspring or those individuals are least fit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1526.54,1529.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who leave the least offspring to the next generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1529.95,1532.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, as everyone was quick to point out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1533.91,1537.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in studies that were made around the first decade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1537.04,1540.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the 20th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1540.26,1541.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in fact, by that criteria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1541.98,1544.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the wealthiest of society were the least fit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1544.67,1548.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the poor were the most fit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1548.44,1549.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because family size almost had an inverse proportion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1549.833,1554.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to social and economic status.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1554.41,1557.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, it was a matter of great concern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1557.15,1558.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both in Great Britain and the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1558.76,1560.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the early years of the 20th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1560.92,1563.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the poor were seen as outbreeding the wealthy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1563.35,1567.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the term race suicide was coined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1568.13,1571.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to express the strong concern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1571.66,1574.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of usually the white and wealthy sectors of society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1574.854,1579.854"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were being continuously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1580.61,1584.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increasingly outnumbered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1584.0,1585.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Darwinism was an inappropriate metaphor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1588.79,1592.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analogy or biological explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1592.12,1594.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the class and racial and economic structure of society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1594.52,1599.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it had a very widespread popularity in both England,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1599.48,1604.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States and some other European countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1605.19,1607.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last decades of the 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1607.94,1611.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was against a background such as this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1613.05,1615.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I've just discussed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1615.23,1616.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three kinds of theories of biological determinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1616.43,1620.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the notion of species differences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1620.8,1623.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the notion of anthropometry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1623.08,1625.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to measure the differences between human beings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1625.15,1628.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the idea of social Darwinism that in the 20th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1628.3,1633.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet another theory emerged.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1633.19,1635.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was the movement that I'd like to talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1636.44,1638.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a little more detail called eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1638.82,1642.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The term eugenics was coined by Francis Galton,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1644.86,1648.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cousin of Charles Darwin and an English biometrician,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1648.09,1651.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a mathematician, and naturalist, and biologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1651.17,1654.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of considerable merit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1654.29,1655.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The term was coined in the 1880s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1655.87,1658.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it wasn't really till after the turn of the century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1658.39,1661.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a movement based upon eugenics got underway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1661.1,1665.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is eugenics?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1665.92,1667.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To Galton it meant the attempt to use rational principles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1667.79,1672.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of heredity and evolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1672.19,1674.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to guide the genetic or hereditary destiny","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1674.6,1679.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the human species.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1680.06,1682.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By that, Dalton and later eugenicists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1682.07,1685.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his followers meant selective breeding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1685.43,1689.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to encourage those members of society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1690.0,1692.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had desirable qualities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1692.5,1696.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"desirable qualities of physical and physiological structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1696.23,1701.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also of moral structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1701.87,1704.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have lots of children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1704.4,1706.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to discourage or prevent those people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1706.21,1709.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have undesirable traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1709.36,1711.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from having many or any children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1711.41,1713.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The concepts of heredity that Galton himself espoused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1716.68,1720.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few years of the 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1720.53,1722.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't lend themselves very well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1722.83,1724.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to formulating a strict kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1724.39,1726.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of scientific basis for eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1726.9,1729.941"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It simply wasn't possible to predict","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1729.941,1733.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from knowing the hereditary past of any given organism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1733.02,1738.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kind of offspring it might produce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1738.16,1740.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in 1900, Mendel's Laws of Heredity were rediscovered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1741.31,1744.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and were thrust and received somewhat enthusiastically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1744.93,1749.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in fact, increasingly enthusiastically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1749.369,1752.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout the scientific community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1752.16,1754.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the first time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1755.42,1756.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a really generally applicable theory of heredity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1756.253,1759.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had become available to biologists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1759.21,1761.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was natural that almost from the very beginning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1761.24,1764.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were attempts to apply it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1764.55,1765.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the human species as well as pea plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1765.98,1769.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and guinea pigs, and rat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1769.54,1771.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eugenics as it became a movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1774.56,1776.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting in the early 1900s, around 1904 or five,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1776.72,1780.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"oh, by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1780.34,1781.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this was just one other little theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1781.173,1782.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of biological determinism and scientific racism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1782.42,1785.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's interesting because this was from an article","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1786.593,1788.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"published in 1901 in the British Journal, \"Nature\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1788.76,1791.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was an attempt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1791.63,1792.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to categorize criminal tendencies in people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1792.463,1796.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of ear structures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1796.64,1798.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the page here shows is the basic human ear,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1799.63,1804.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the chimpanzee ear and the ear of a criminal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1806.0,1809.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1809.523,1810.356"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to show that the ear of the criminal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1810.356,1812.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had many more similarities to the ear of the chimpanzee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1812.47,1815.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than to that of the normal human population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1815.6,1819.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the article was replete with photographs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1819.15,1821.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of hundreds of years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1821.66,1822.894"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1822.894,1823.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the variety of types, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1823.727,1825.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only problem was it turned out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1825.92,1827.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a large number of members of the British aristocracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1827.34,1830.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had ears that represented the chimpanzee type,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1830.74,1833.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the theory didn't gain much favor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1833.447,1835.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after that recognition was pointed out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1835.35,1837.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Following on anthropometry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1839.37,1840.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came a very important development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1840.83,1845.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which again just go on with because the slide shows this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1845.95,1849.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of trying to measure, not facial angles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1849.59,1852.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but cranial capacity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1852.73,1854.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the volume of the brain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1854.08,1856.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is what Samuel Morton tried to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1856.09,1857.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what a number of people tried to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1857.96,1859.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to show that in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1859.95,1862.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you measure volumes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1862.0,1863.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you get an array and a hierarchy of human beings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1863.38,1866.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the Australian and the Hottentot down here at 75 cc","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1866.39,1871.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Teutonic up at the top with 92 cc,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1871.17,1875.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to try to show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1875.73,1876.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in fact, this was a biological explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1876.563,1880.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for why the northern Europeans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1880.12,1883.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the leaders of civilization and society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1883.3,1885.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and why the Hottentots and the Australians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1885.42,1887.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in fact where they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1887.67,1889.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well published eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1892.35,1893.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eugenicists saw their movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1893.39,1895.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the attempt to apply Mendelian genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1895.84,1898.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to improving this human hereditary stock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1898.26,1903.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They made conscious analogies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1903.0,1904.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to animal and plant breeding all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1904.63,1906.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, there's a famous eugenic cartoon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1906.96,1909.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I should have brought along,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1909.67,1911.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which shows two people talking about pedigree of their dog,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1911.1,1914.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then one of them finally asked the other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1914.63,1916.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, but do you have pedigrees on your children?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1916.397,1918.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the person says no,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1918.577,1920.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he says, \"Well, you're neglecting your duty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1920.24,1922.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"if you're so concerned about the pedigree of your dog","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1922.287,1924.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to neglect the pedigree of your children.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1924.677,1927.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eugenicists saw their movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1928.15,1930.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as drawing upon virtually every field of human knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1930.02,1933.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genealogy, sociology, psychiatry, medicine, statistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1933.16,1936.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anthropology, genetics, biology, you name it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1936.73,1939.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of these form the roots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1939.67,1941.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeding into the eugenic tree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1941.49,1943.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course the flowering of that tree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1943.33,1945.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the knowledge, the leafing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1945.54,1947.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the knowledge of applying these scientific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1947.34,1950.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and academic disciplines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1950.47,1951.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to proscribing various kinds of breeding practices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1951.93,1956.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the human population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1956.2,1957.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, how did eugenicists proceed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1959.02,1963.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of arguments did they use?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1963.21,1965.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of biology and genetics in fact did they employ?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1965.11,1968.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1988.093,1990.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Morally and ethically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1994.44,1995.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it wasn't really possible for eugenicists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1995.44,1997.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do that with human things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1997.39,1999.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While it wasn't all and by 1910,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=1999.64,2001.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there were some genetic traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2001.9,2003.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that human beings that appeared to be inherited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2003.723,2006.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a Mendelian fashion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2006.56,2008.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"red-green color blindness, hemophilia, the ABO blood groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2008.44,2012.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2012.69,2016.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and alkaptonuria, and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2016.213,2018.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were all found to be genetically determined traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2018.19,2021.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in human beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2021.14,2022.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This gave eugenicists a big boost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2022.36,2025.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to begin to investigate the kind of traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2025.13,2028.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were interested in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2028.54,2029.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are social behavioral traits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2029.617,2032.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the only way that eugenicists could really proceed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2033.75,2037.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to construct what we call family pedigrees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2037.38,2040.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Human beings are very bad organisms to work with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2040.75,2043.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're interested in genetics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2043.6,2045.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not so today, because we have techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2045.74,2047.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for really analyzing genetic differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2047.64,2050.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the enzyme levels today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2050.3,2052.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those weren't available in the early 1900s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2052.8,2055.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Human beings are bad for a couple reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2055.3,2056.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can't make any kind of planned meetings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2056.69,2059.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to take what is already there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2059.06,2061.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And second, human beings have very few offspring,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2061.85,2064.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you don't have any kind of statistical reliability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2064.33,2067.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The best that you can do is to do family study,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2067.38,2070.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look for the appearance or the reappearance of traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2070.31,2072.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in several generations within a family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2072.99,2075.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to deduce from the patterns of reappearance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2075.43,2078.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether the trait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2078.47,2079.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one, appears to be hereditary at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2079.44,2081.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and two, if it's hereditary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2081.71,2083.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether its dominant, recessive, what its pattern is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2083.21,2086.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So eugenicists went around studying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2086.06,2089.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"collecting information on human family histories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2089.12,2093.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an attempt to construct these pedigrees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2093.48,2095.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a pedigree for epilepsy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2095.51,2097.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and such pedigree information is useful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2098.9,2101.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not by any means bogus information necessarily,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2101.22,2105.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's utility depends upon a couple of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2105.1,2109.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First and foremost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2109.26,2110.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it depends upon being able to identify the trait","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2110.21,2113.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some degree of precision.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2115.33,2116.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even epilepsy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2118.53,2119.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a clinically definable trait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2119.5,2121.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not always easy to detect, especially in the early 1900s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2121.77,2126.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many people conceal the occurrence of epilepsy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2126.6,2130.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in members of a family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2130.82,2131.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply because it was considered an embarrassing trait.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2131.86,2135.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Medical records were not all that complete.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2135.55,2138.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People have epilepsy but may only show epileptic fits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2138.1,2142.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on very rare occasions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2142.47,2143.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's sometimes very hard to tell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2143.77,2145.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether an individual is or is not an epileptic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2145.33,2148.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it becomes difficult,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2149.38,2151.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one, to identify the trait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2151.22,2153.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to agree upon the trait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2153.54,2155.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does this individual manifest the trait or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2155.6,2158.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second, it sometimes becomes very hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2158.5,2160.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get information that you can rely upon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2160.55,2162.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you do have reliability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2164.43,2165.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and both of those things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2165.88,2166.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can construct the family pedigree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2166.81,2168.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that may tell you something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2168.33,2169.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Unfortunately,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2170.73,2172.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the eugenicists were by and large,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2172.22,2174.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not interested in the kinds of traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2174.09,2175.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had clinical definability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2175.85,2178.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were interested in vague personality traits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2178.2,2180.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social traits, for example here, inherited scholarship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2180.8,2184.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a family tree of the family of Timothy Dwight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2184.74,2189.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it goes back four generations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2189.07,2192.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to show the presence of individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2192.26,2195.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had some kind of scholarly attribute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2195.61,2198.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you could read the legend down here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2198.13,2200.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would see that these dark squares","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2200.04,2201.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are college presidents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2201.95,2203.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these half dark squares are people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2203.72,2205.612"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who either were college presidents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2205.612,2207.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or faculty members in colleges,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2207.15,2210.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on down people who wrote, people of letters, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2210.32,2214.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you have all these various symbols.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2214.92,2216.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the continual recurrence of these traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2216.98,2221.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in every generation was conclusive enough evidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2221.81,2225.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for most eugenicists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2225.49,2226.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's scholarly ability was genetically determined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2226.58,2230.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they went on to make arguments that in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2230.03,2234.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some family line showed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2234.48,2235.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a great preponderance of scholarship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2235.68,2237.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were the successful, the beneficial,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2237.63,2240.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they should encourage to have lots of children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2240.63,2242.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other family line showed virtually no signs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2242.91,2246.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of inherited scholarship whatsoever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2246.57,2248.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they should be discouraged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2248.78,2249.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from having children and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2249.93,2252.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2252.29,2253.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people did point out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2254.99,2256.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the eugenicists didn't pay much attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2256.275,2258.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the fact that lots of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2258.36,2261.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are socially inherited in family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2261.16,2263.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2263.59,2265.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not a criterion for genetic determinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2265.8,2270.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say that French speaking people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2271.41,2273.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have French speaking children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2273.45,2275.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2275.107,2276.456"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was the kind of line of argument that eugenicists used.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2276.456,2280.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Particularly prominent eugenicists thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2282.14,2284.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was their attacks on the growing ranks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2284.39,2287.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the poor, of poverty stricken, and of the feeble minded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2287.86,2292.776"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here from a little booklet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2292.776,2295.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was published in Princeton, New Jersey in 1937,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2295.39,2298.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the title of this picture is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2298.93,2300.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Four Generations in one Almshouse at one Time\",","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2300.597,2303.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it shows again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2303.61,2304.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the typical pedigree showing that this inherited disability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2304.67,2309.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is called pauperism in early 20th century terms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2311.77,2316.631"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in fact passed right down the line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2316.631,2319.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see the dark circles or squares.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2319.22,2321.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the American eugenics movement in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2325.14,2330.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was headed from the early days of the 20th century onward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2331.12,2335.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a man named Charles Benedict Davenport.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2335.11,2338.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1904, he persuaded the Carnegie Institution of Washington","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2338.36,2342.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to establish what was called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2342.1,2343.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Laboratory for the Experimental Study of Evolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2343.29,2347.055"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2347.055,2350.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1910,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2350.19,2351.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davenport, persuaded Mrs. E.H Harriman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2351.8,2354.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Harriman family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2354.61,2355.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the widow of the former head of Union Pacific Railroad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2355.63,2359.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to found a second institution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2359.55,2361.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also at Cold Spring Harbor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2361.96,2363.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called the Eugenics Record Office.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2363.16,2365.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Eugenics Record Office headed by Davenport","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2366.666,2368.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his deputy Harry Laughlin set up a research program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2368.96,2373.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to collect family information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2373.38,2375.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on as many types of people as it was possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2375.39,2378.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get information on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2378.75,2379.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the various social and economic racial groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2380.89,2384.394"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2384.394,2386.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was meant to be a clearinghouse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2387.38,2389.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for genetic information about human beings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2389.07,2392.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for publishing eugenic reports and recommendations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2392.64,2396.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and until its closing in 1939,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2396.13,2398.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it became a major center for lobbying activities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2398.77,2401.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an attempt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2401.96,2402.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get various eugenically inspired legislation passed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2402.793,2405.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both at the federal and at the state levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2405.88,2408.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenics movement was initially supported","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2410.51,2413.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by many leading biologists in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2413.18,2416.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Prior to the beginning of World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2416.247,2418.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of bonafide laboratory geneticists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2418.55,2421.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by bonafide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2421.417,2422.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean people who did experimental work in genetics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2422.37,2425.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as their occupation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2425.217,2428.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were, in fact, strongly interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2428.17,2431.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in trying to show that Mendelian genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2431.14,2433.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had some practical use as far as human life was concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2433.46,2438.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't merely a matter of breeding little bugs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2438.1,2440.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and mice, and guinea pigs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2440.94,2443.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The movement was supported","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2445.07,2446.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by some of the most well-known names in American biology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2446.1,2449.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"e.g., Conklin at Princeton,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2449.61,2451.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"T. H. Morgan at Columbia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2451.83,2453.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Herbert Spencer Jennings at Johns Hopkins,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2453.56,2456.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"W. E. Castle at Harvard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2456.09,2457.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"E. A. Ross, a sociologist at Wisconsin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2457.847,2461.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David Starr Jordan at Stanford, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2461.68,2465.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"W. E. Castle at Harvard wrote a popular textbook","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2465.45,2467.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called \"Genetics and Eugenics\",","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2467.91,2469.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which went through three editions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2469.43,2471.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Conklin used his invitations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2471.42,2474.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give a series of lectures in 1914","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2474.89,2477.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Northwestern University to expand the eugenic cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2477.18,2480.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The picture shown here shows several American biologists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2481.95,2486.676"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Cold Spring Harbor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2486.676,2488.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from left is C. B. Davenport,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2488.36,2490.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was the chief eugenicist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2490.47,2493.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also a biologist of considerable renown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2493.08,2496.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and member of the then just beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2496.21,2500.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"National Academy of Sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2500.337,2502.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Next to him is Irving Fisher,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2502.07,2503.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was an economist at Yale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2503.5,2505.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Next to him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2505.23,2506.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"third from the left is T. H. Morgan from Colombia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2506.44,2509.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the far right is Alexander Graham Bell,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2509.56,2511.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was a great patron of eugenics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2511.94,2514.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in its early years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2515.61,2516.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's understandable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2522.52,2523.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why many members of the biological community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2523.52,2525.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would want to support this movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2525.66,2527.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It did after all show that their science was useful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2527.63,2531.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I tried to point out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2531.06,2532.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were traits that were investigated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2532.47,2535.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were clinically definable in human beings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2535.31,2537.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that did seem to have a distinct genetic basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2537.82,2540.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, the eugenicists, as I mentioned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2542.29,2544.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were not willing to stop with clinically definable traits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2544.55,2548.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Davenport, for example, tried to show that alcoholism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2548.25,2551.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seafaringness, degeneracy, and feeble mindedness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2551.86,2555.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were each due to a single Mendelian gene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2555.93,2560.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Castle tried to argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2560.27,2561.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that crosses between various human races","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2561.48,2563.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might produce the same kind of a misfit hybrid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2563.93,2566.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a cross between a Thoroughbred and a draft horse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2566.42,2569.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Davenport even argued along the same lines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2569.75,2572.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a cross between a white and a black","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2572.02,2573.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would produce a disharmonious hybrid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2573.91,2576.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the offspring possibly, and I quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2576.65,2579.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Having the long legs of the Negro","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2579.207,2580.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and the short arms of the white,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2580.917,2582.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and thus having to stoop over more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2582.377,2584.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to pick up a thing off of the ground.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2584.057,2586.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eugenicists were interested in traits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2588.67,2590.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as aesthetic and artistic ability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2590.64,2593.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the collection of Harry Laughlin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2594.89,2597.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which happens to be housed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2597.51,2599.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a little College in upstate Missouri,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2599.6,2602.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I found some very interesting photographs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2602.478,2604.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Laughlin designed a series of tests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2606.29,2608.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what were called aesthetic or artistic discrimination tests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2608.28,2611.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to which children would be applied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2611.66,2613.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they be scored on the test.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2613.21,2614.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the artistic discrimination test.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2615.66,2620.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The child is presented with this little model of a house","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2620.18,2622.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and moveable shrubbery, and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2622.557,2624.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and asked to put the shrubbery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2624.827,2627.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they would like to see it placed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2627.1,2628.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there were certain standard places,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2628.98,2630.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the child put the shrubbery in those places,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2630.44,2632.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would be said to have an artistic sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2632.57,2635.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if they put them in other places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2635.66,2636.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or scattered them about with no pattern,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2636.97,2639.001"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would be said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2639.001,2639.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have no or very little artistic ability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2639.834,2643.119"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this kind of test was applied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2643.119,2644.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to hundreds upon hundreds of children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2644.41,2646.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another one that I found even more interesting in some sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2646.96,2649.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was called the aesthetic sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2649.76,2652.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the child was confronted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2654.21,2656.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a series of pelt of different kinds of furs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2656.81,2661.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and asked to stroke the fur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2662.73,2663.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to tell which was the softest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2663.68,2666.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some were cat, and rat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2666.96,2669.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some were mink, and sable, and very fine thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2669.7,2673.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the child was scored","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2673.38,2674.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on whether they got the right answer or not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2674.49,2676.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on these fur-feeling test.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2676.71,2679.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway, it was this kind of thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2681.031,2682.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that eugenicists were interested in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2682.67,2684.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2684.28,2685.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it sounds like we're making a lot of fun of the eugenicists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2685.2,2687.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as though they were kind of simple-minded people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2687.97,2689.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some ways, they were awfully naive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2689.89,2692.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2693.99,2694.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were motivated, many of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2694.823,2695.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a very serious desire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2695.9,2698.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to improve society and to eliminate social problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2698.17,2701.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The biggest difficulty was the kind of evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2701.78,2704.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they sought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2704.01,2705.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to explain the cause of the social problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2705.02,2707.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply was not forthcoming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2707.07,2708.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any of the data which they gathered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2708.7,2711.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chief among the traits, was the eugenicists sought to show,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2711.77,2714.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was genetically controlled was intelligence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2714.71,2716.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the fixation of eugenicists with the feeble-minded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2718.4,2722.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mentally degenerate, the morons, was profound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2722.71,2727.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As the phrase says here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2728.46,2730.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"See the happy moron, he doesn't have a care.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2730.137,2732.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"His children and his problems are all for us to bear.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2732.667,2735.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenicists became highly involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2737.21,2739.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the IQ testing movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2739.0,2740.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that again is a story in itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2740.49,2744.151"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and simply we don't have time to go into that in any length.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2744.151,2747.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to give you one example of the zeal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2747.0,2749.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but perhaps the misplaced zeal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2749.46,2751.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the eugenicists employed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2751.55,2753.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Henry Goddard, who was both a staunch eugenicist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2753.57,2757.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a pioneer in the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2757.25,2759.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Binet intelligence test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2759.22,2762.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was invited to Ellis Island in 1912","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2762.4,2764.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Immigration Service","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2764.87,2766.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to administer these sort of precursors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2766.3,2768.741"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the modern IQ test,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2768.741,2771.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he found imbecility to be in a very high proportion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2771.49,2774.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the immigrants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2774.55,2776.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"83% of the Jews, 80% of the Hungarians, 79% of the Italians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2776.04,2781.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 87% of Russians were deemed to be imbeciles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2781.45,2785.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not fit for admission to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2785.67,2789.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as the Immigration Service was proud to show later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2789.25,2792.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Goddard himself was proud to show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2792.18,2794.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that between 1912 and '13, and 1913 and '14,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2794.72,2798.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deportations for failure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2798.27,2800.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pass the mental test rose by some 570%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2800.89,2805.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is interesting to note that of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2810.65,2812.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the tests were administered either in English","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2812.22,2815.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or for non-English speaking people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2815.86,2817.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were administered in pantomime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2817.86,2819.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When it was found after World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2822.35,2824.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the immigrants who had been in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2824.95,2827.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 20 years did markedly better on the test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2827.04,2830.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than newly arriving immigrants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2830.17,2832.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Carl Brigham, who had pioneered in the army testing program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2832.06,2837.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of draftees during the war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2837.27,2839.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concluded that the results of this survey showed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2839.74,2843.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the quality of immigrants was declining.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2843.21,2845.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2847.021,2850.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The racial biases of eugenicists were very pronounced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2850.64,2853.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eugenics was based from its inception,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2855.25,2857.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the notion of white Anglo-Saxon superiority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2857.69,2861.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Galton, he tells us, was moved to study heredity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2861.41,2864.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a desire to account","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2864.62,2866.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the recurrence of hereditary genius in his own family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2866.24,2869.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Galton once said, and I quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2870.48,2872.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"There exists a sentiment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2872.107,2873.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"for the most part quite unreasonable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2873.747,2875.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"against the gradual extinction of an inferior race.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2875.957,2879.297"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The inherent of class, racial bias of the eugenicists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2883.48,2888.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think perhaps nowhere more clearly shown,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2890.25,2893.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than in this photograph from the eugenic publication,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2893.31,2895.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again that one published in Princeton in 1937.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2895.84,2899.232"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The caption on the left-hand side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2899.232,2902.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is not too easy to read,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2902.34,2903.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this shows an immigrant family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2903.49,2905.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the caption on the left-hand side says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2905.07,2907.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Why plew the America's bloodstream","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2907.237,2908.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"by letting these dregs of humanity multiply?'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2908.887,2911.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By whatever standard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2912.65,2913.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is not a scientific kind of question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2913.55,2916.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the boundary between the science of Mendelian genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2916.42,2921.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the conclusion of geneticists was fuzzy indeed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2921.58,2925.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenicists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2931.35,2932.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excuse me, I'll come back to the slide in just a moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2934.95,2938.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the reaction of geneticist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2938.21,2940.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the kind of statements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2940.18,2942.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we saw made in the previous slide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2942.08,2944.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around these exaggerations of saying that seafaring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2944.16,2947.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as what Davenport called blasophilia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2947.11,2949.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evil-mindedness, alcoholism, criminality, insubordination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2950.58,2954.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were genetic traits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2956.07,2957.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What was the reaction of geneticists to that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2957.52,2959.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in the beginning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2961.46,2963.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"geneticists by and large ignored such statements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2963.31,2966.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but by about the time of World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2966.3,2968.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of geneticists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2968.11,2969.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had up to that time supported the eugenics movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2969.09,2971.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"withdrew their support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2971.64,2973.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They withdrew their support largely in a quiet fashion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2973.54,2976.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they resigned from eugenics organizations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2976.86,2979.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they refuse to publish in eugenic journals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2979.31,2983.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would not go to eugenic meetings, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2985.23,2988.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But very, very few of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2988.01,2989.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up until about the late '20s or early '30s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2989.77,2993.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"made any kind of public statements against eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2993.12,2996.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for the average reader","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2996.06,2997.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who didn't look at the journal literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2997.32,2999.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was no clear indication that geneticists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=2999.517,3003.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that biologically trained laboratory people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3003.27,3006.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had lost faith in the scientific nature of this movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3007.942,3012.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenicists, however, were unperturbed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3014.54,3016.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the withdrawal of biological support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3016.65,3019.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They went right on in every way possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3019.17,3021.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"popularizing their notions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3021.58,3023.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as the years went on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3023.34,3024.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the eugenic organizations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3024.87,3026.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including the center at Cold Spring Harbor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3026.55,3028.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became increasingly concerned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3028.54,3030.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what they called education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3030.04,3032.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"literally propaganda, as they call it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3032.66,3034.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was their own term,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3034.59,3036.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with getting out the word,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3036.0,3038.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in other words, in trying to make an impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3038.29,3040.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They got a great deal of popular display","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3042.3,3045.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at eugenic conferences, at State Fair.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3045.62,3049.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenicists would turn up with their charts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3049.71,3051.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's a display from Harry Laughlin's own collections,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3051.81,3054.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a very slick looking display,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3054.71,3058.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it makes the point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3058.02,3059.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that eugenicists were trying to get at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3059.753,3061.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"How long are we Americans to be so careful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3061.777,3064.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"for the pedigree of our pigs, and chickens, and cattle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3064.447,3066.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and then leave the ancestry of our children to chance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3066.717,3069.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"or to blind sentiment.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3069.707,3071.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was a display","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3072.57,3073.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of one of the American eugenics society exhibits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3073.62,3077.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which showed there's a blank up up at that top,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3077.9,3082.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that white card in the center","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3082.62,3084.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the black circle in the center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3084.04,3086.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The black circle is a little light.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3086.49,3088.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would flashed on and off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3088.11,3089.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said every seven seconds a detective is born, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3089.88,3093.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each of these charts had a different light flashing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3093.74,3096.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with different frequency showing when a criminal was born,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3096.66,3099.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when a person of a high quality was born,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3099.32,3102.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the noticeable difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3102.29,3103.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that the life for a person of high quality being born","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3103.75,3106.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only went on something around every 10 minutes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3106.99,3109.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas the other ones were flashing constantly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3109.5,3111.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1046","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it made a rather dramatic impression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3111.67,3114.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1047","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"College courses began to treat eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3114.45,3117.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1914, the American Genetics Association boasted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3117.21,3120.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that already 44 colleges were teaching courses in eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3120.49,3124.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1928, they boasted that the number had swelled to 376.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3124.65,3128.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I looked into that a little bit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3129.81,3131.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to be very distrustful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3131.77,3132.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the eugenicists' own figures, I found out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3132.727,3135.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they were quite willing to pad their estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3135.72,3139.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their own success.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3139.45,3140.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By out of the 376 courses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3140.83,3143.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many were genetics courses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3143.07,3144.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which had a week or two of lectures about eugenics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3144.87,3147.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a unit on eugenics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3147.9,3149.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they were not full scale courses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3149.51,3151.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1061","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a whole semester in eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3151.87,3153.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1062","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nonetheless,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3153.48,3154.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1063","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was getting coverage and treatment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3154.313,3155.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1064","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in college courses on an increasing scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3155.75,3158.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1065","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Popular articles about eugenics were appearing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3160.02,3162.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in slick magazines all over the place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3162.8,3164.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1067","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you went through the reader's guide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3167.024,3168.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1068","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the periodical literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3168.34,3169.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1069","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just looked at the titles of articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3169.25,3172.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1070","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"listed under eugenics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3172.7,3174.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1071","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you go back and look at 'em,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3174.28,3175.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost all of them were pro eugenics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3175.31,3176.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very, very few of them are negative eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3176.93,3179.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the number of pro eugenics articles shot way up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3179.057,3182.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1075","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between about 1910 and '15,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3182.9,3185.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1076","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hitting their peak around 1912 or so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3185.01,3187.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1077","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then maintaining a low but constant level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3187.68,3190.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on up into the '20s and '30s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3191.18,3193.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1079","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So by the time of World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3195.09,3199.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1080","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the notion of eugenics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3199.08,3201.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1081","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while perhaps not a household word,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3201.34,3203.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1082","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a general sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3204.59,3206.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1083","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was something that most people were familiar with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3206.06,3208.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1084","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one way or another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3208.86,3210.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1085","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very hard to tell that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3210.34,3211.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1086","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't make that as an absolute historical assertion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3211.68,3215.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1087","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it appears","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3215.56,3216.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1088","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that through the average channels of popularization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3216.393,3218.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1089","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the notion that social differences in people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3218.6,3222.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1090","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were all to the fore anyway at that time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3222.88,3225.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1091","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racial differences also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3225.92,3227.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1092","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might have some kind of biological basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3227.64,3230.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1093","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were a number a raft of books published","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3233.28,3235.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1094","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the teens and 20s about eugenics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3235.48,3238.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1095","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Madison Grant, a wealthy New York lawyer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3238.03,3240.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1096","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote a book called \"Passing of the Great Race\" in 1916,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3240.7,3243.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1097","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which he lamented the decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3243.36,3246.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1098","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of white Anglo-Saxon Protestants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3246.98,3249.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1099","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lothrop Stoddard in 1920 wrote a book called,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3249.87,3252.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The Rising Tide of Color against White Supremacy\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3252.507,3255.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think the title itself is highly descriptive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3255.47,3258.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both books were based virtually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3260.14,3261.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or no genetic evidence at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3261.74,3264.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but largely were airings of opinions about racism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3264.49,3269.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grant wrote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3270.26,3271.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Whether we like to admit it or not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3271.093,3272.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"the result of the mixture of two races in the long run,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3272.557,3275.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"gives us a race reverting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3275.107,3276.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to the more ancient, generalized and lower type.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3276.397,3279.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The cross between a white man and a Negro is a Negro,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3279.687,3282.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and the cross between any of the three European races","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3282.577,3285.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and a Jew is a Jew.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3285.597,3287.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Race feeling might be called prejudice,\" Grant said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3288.287,3290.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"but it was,\" and I quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3290.977,3292.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"natural antipathy would serve to maintain the purity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3292.647,3295.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"of the type.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3295.947,3297.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We could go on and on and on with quotations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3297.38,3300.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from these people and I won't bother you with it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3300.19,3303.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the flavor is not untypical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3303.93,3306.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's the point I'm trying to get across.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3306.61,3308.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenics movement was highly organized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3309.91,3312.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were eugenics societies in most American cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3312.0,3314.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were eugenic journals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3314.87,3317.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were eugenic conferences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3317.28,3319.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were eugenic films,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3319.73,3321.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Better Baby contests in state fairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3321.7,3325.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1920s and '30s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3325.91,3327.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in fact eugenics inspired contest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3327.34,3331.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were eugenic couples contests at state fairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3331.06,3334.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which couples would enter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3334.22,3335.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their physical measurements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3335.97,3337.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their hereditary background would be compared,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3337.31,3340.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then one couple would be awarded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3340.53,3342.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most eugenic couple,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3342.15,3342.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the two people would have the greatest chance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3342.983,3346.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of producing high type of offspring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3346.38,3349.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what is the political effect of eugenics?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3351.09,3353.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was not a benign movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3353.86,3356.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'd really like to close out the talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3356.09,3360.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a dictum that may at first sound extreme,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3360.55,3363.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'd like to finish,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3363.73,3364.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think it's so extreme.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3364.563,3366.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to say that I think sometimes academics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3367.42,3371.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while we're all impressed with the effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3371.28,3374.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we think we might be able to someday hear,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3374.17,3376.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we also tend to diminish the importance of ideas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3376.66,3381.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're funny kind of schizophrenic about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3381.15,3383.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We think our ideas are pretty important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3383.74,3385.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we also quite frequently are willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3385.337,3387.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to diminish our own importance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3387.49,3390.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think ideas can have very significant effects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3390.08,3393.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and indeed, ideas can kill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3393.16,3394.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the areas in which eugenicists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3397.74,3400.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had some of their strongest political effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3400.7,3404.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in the arena of immigration restriction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3404.67,3407.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of sterilization laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3407.14,3408.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to talk about the sterilization laws first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3408.92,3412.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going back to old studies of the Juke family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3412.61,3415.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is something that became a very prominent case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3415.65,3419.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the late 19th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3419.15,3420.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenicists hit upon the notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3421.661,3423.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if Ada Juke in 1748,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3423.53,3425.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ada Juke was a case as a whole had been studied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3425.88,3429.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which a large number of descendants have been traced back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3429.96,3433.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the illicit relationship between an 18th century woman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3433.93,3438.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a degenerate man who was named Olhar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3438.49,3442.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and out of that liaison came a whole series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3443.41,3447.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of degenerate descendants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3447.36,3449.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meanwhile, Ada Juke also had a liaison","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3449.86,3451.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with an American Revolutionary War or army officer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3451.79,3456.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from who came a whole series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3456.8,3458.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of very high quality descendant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3458.55,3460.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The point was that there is a hereditary nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3461.7,3464.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of being manifest in the very beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3464.44,3466.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as the eugenicists tried to show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3466.39,3469.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the descendants of Ada Jukes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3469.2,3471.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"92% were of her liaison with Olhar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3471.83,3476.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in one way defectives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3476.57,3478.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were 64 mentally diseased,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3480.33,3482.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"174 sex perverts, 196 illegitimates, 142 paupers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3482.26,3487.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"77 criminals and murderers, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3488.21,3491.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The point was, should we allow the Ada Jukes' of today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3491.24,3493.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to continue the multiplication of misery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3493.46,3496.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If Ada Jukes had been sterilized in 1740,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3496.12,3500.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the calculation went,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3500.5,3501.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would have saved future generations countless thousands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3501.333,3505.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upon thousands of dollars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3505.27,3506.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1937, this headline from The Sandy Oregonian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3508.666,3513.666"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a strict and pure eugenic argument,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3514.8,3517.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The Status of Sterilization Laws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3518.897,3522.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"for the Eugenically Unfit in the State of Oregon.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3522.507,3526.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it shows the typical pedigree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3526.857,3529.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showing that here's a case of two people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3529.48,3531.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who themselves were mentally defective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3531.68,3535.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having lots of offspring, who passed on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3535.12,3537.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and multiply this mental defectiveness throughout society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3537.33,3541.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenicists took on the various state legislatures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3541.08,3545.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the onus of trying to get past eugenic sterilization laws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3547.41,3552.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in many cases, they were quite effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3553.14,3555.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1935,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3556.46,3558.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over 30 states in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3558.963,3561.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had passed eugenic sterilization laws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3561.59,3564.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"calling for compulsory sterilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3564.36,3566.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of individuals declared to be eugenically unfit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3566.83,3571.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those decisions of who was eugenically unfit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3571.44,3573.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were made in different ways in different states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3573.61,3576.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3576.8,3578.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were made by a judge in a court,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3578.96,3581.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes by a state board of health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3582.665,3585.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or some kind of committee of doctors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3585.37,3588.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some cases, they were made by the legal system itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3588.14,3593.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in no cases was much in the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3594.39,3598.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of real scientific evidence usually brought to bear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3598.01,3600.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What were the characteristics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3600.13,3602.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were said to be eugenically unfit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3602.52,3606.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for which a person could potentially be sterilized?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3606.24,3609.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in Alabama, was being feeble minded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3609.11,3612.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In California was being feeble minded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3612.62,3614.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a habitual criminal, insane, an idiot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3614.33,3616.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a mental defective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3616.48,3617.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Connecticut, it was for being feeble minded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3618.69,3621.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"habitual criminal, sorry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3621.64,3624.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insane, an idiot, an imbecile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3624.67,3626.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those with inherited tendency to crime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3626.49,3628.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Indiana was hereditary insane,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3629.97,3632.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feeble minded or epileptic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3632.56,3634.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Iowa, right here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3634.57,3637.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"morally degenerate persons could be sterilized and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3637.25,3640.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The number of sterilizations in the United States went up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3641.81,3646.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see as of 1921, '25, '26,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3647.44,3652.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on up to 1935,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3654.977,3657.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the total cumulative number of sterilizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3657.61,3660.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by 1935 was about 21,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3660.56,3663.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it's interesting that eugenicists claimed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3663.83,3665.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that their laws were used all over the place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3665.78,3669.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, the data shows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3669.79,3670.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were used only in a few states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3670.91,3673.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California had over half of this 21,000 sterilizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3673.21,3678.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was some states in which there were no sterilizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3678.32,3680.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though the laws were on the books.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3680.55,3682.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's quite variable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3682.37,3683.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we want to be loath to conclude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3683.77,3686.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the sterilization laws open the floodgate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3686.01,3689.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sterilization across the whole country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3689.31,3691.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The point was that there was a kind of mentality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3691.65,3694.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and argument that was being mounted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3694.48,3696.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to claim that the social problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3696.48,3699.092"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the people listed in that previous slide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3699.092,3702.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were genetically determined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3702.4,3703.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore sterilization would in fact help to prevent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3703.87,3707.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that situation from being passed on to future generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3707.56,3711.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3712.59,3713.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the greatest effect that the eugenicists had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3715.474,3717.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was in the passage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3717.487,3718.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of federal immigration restriction law in 1924,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3718.61,3723.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the so called Johnson Act","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3723.777,3725.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or as it later became popularly known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3725.42,3727.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the Immigration Restriction Act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3727.57,3732.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Laughlin, the head of the Eugenics Record Office,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3732.44,3735.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"testified in over 600 pages worth of congressional testimony","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3735.67,3740.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over a period of several years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3740.43,3742.609"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the effect that various nationalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3742.609,3745.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming to the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3745.81,3747.604"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"carried with them defective genes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3747.604,3750.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that if in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3750.21,3751.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we did not want the moral bloodstream of the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3751.48,3755.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be diluted and polluted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3755.69,3758.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that effective immigration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3758.32,3760.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and selective immigration restriction should be put forward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3760.0,3763.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So by 1924,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3765.0,3766.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those arguments among other economic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3766.57,3768.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and social arguments had their effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3768.91,3771.119"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was flooding of the labor market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3771.119,3773.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the return of soldiers from World War I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3773.95,3776.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a great need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3776.89,3778.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for finding some way to justify cutting down on immigration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3778.27,3782.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since open immigration has always been a major policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3782.08,3787.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3787.38,3788.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the eugenic arguments were latched on to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3788.213,3790.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a kind of justification,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3790.71,3793.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a kind of scientific justification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3793.15,3795.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for something that people felt had to be done, anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3795.1,3798.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the important point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3799.37,3800.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'd like to end up with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3800.41,3802.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the eugenics movement did by virtue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3802.16,3806.109"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of its political impact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3806.109,3809.171"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have some very deleterious effects on people's lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3809.171,3812.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the immigration restriction in particular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3812.26,3815.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It separated families,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3815.0,3816.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who had come here leaving their families in Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3816.09,3821.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring them over a little bit later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3821.49,3822.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were later unable to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3822.83,3825.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1940, a particularly tragic instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3825.0,3828.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a ship named the St. Louis brought a group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3829.409,3833.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of German refugees from Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3833.12,3835.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish refugees to North America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3835.67,3838.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, the ship went to Havana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3838.91,3841.376"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were denied entrance there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3841.376,3843.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were denied entrance in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3843.0,3844.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a quota basis that derived from the 1924 law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3844.77,3848.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the ship was sent back to Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3848.57,3851.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think those kind of ideas have an enormous impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3851.27,3854.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the long run,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3854.98,3856.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's very hard to trace them out in a one to one basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3856.01,3859.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harry Laughlin had direct contact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3859.31,3861.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Nazi Race Hygiene Movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3861.94,3864.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was awarded an honorary MD degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3864.72,3867.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of Heidelberg in 1936,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3867.14,3869.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Nazis explicitly for his work showing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3869.8,3874.068"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that human races and human ethnic groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3874.068,3879.068"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were genetically inferior and superior to one another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3879.09,3883.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that this was a scientific wave of the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3883.82,3886.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's important to recognize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3887.59,3889.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the work that was done at Cold Spring Harbor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3889.24,3891.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3891.35,3893.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while perhaps not having its most dramatic impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3893.14,3895.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on these shores did have its rather dramatic impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3895.64,3898.368"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Dachau and the concentration camps in the ovens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3898.368,3902.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Nazi Holocaust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3902.197,3904.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't mean to try to be sensationalist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3904.82,3906.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to overdramatize it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3906.69,3908.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think the connection is important to keep in mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3908.85,3912.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The connection is important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3913.46,3914.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the theories of biological determinism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3914.55,3917.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or of scientific racism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3917.04,3918.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether we go back to the 18th century or to anthropometry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3918.49,3922.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social Darwinism or whatever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3922.48,3924.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have seemed to serve, at least in my analysis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3924.47,3927.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a common kind of function in their own historical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3927.267,3930.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each in their own historical era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3930.76,3933.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of those functions has been to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3933.05,3935.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some ways, justify the status quo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3935.68,3938.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So long tradition in western social thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3938.64,3943.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since the 17th century to try to argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3943.93,3946.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is a natural basis for the social order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3946.05,3948.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever that may be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3948.7,3950.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But certainly to claim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3950.39,3951.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the biological and inherent nature of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3951.86,3955.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the contributing factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3955.49,3957.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the order of society is a version","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3957.73,3961.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that rather general intellectual and social trend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3961.13,3966.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Theories of biological and scientific racism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3966.21,3969.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have in fact, always supported the status quo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3969.23,3972.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you've seen with each of the examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3972.28,3973.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have tried to use the groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3973.96,3976.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are the genetically most inferior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3976.07,3978.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of Darwinian competition most successful,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3979.79,3982.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of anthropometric measurements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3982.74,3984.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the top of the scale are always the same people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=3984.81,3987.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indefinite)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4022.942,4025.359"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But yet, the sort of social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4032.134,4033.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and popularization of the movement goes on unabated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4033.95,4037.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That popularization is what builds and wins support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4037.89,4041.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by in some way or another, convincing the lay public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4041.71,4044.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the authority of science is behind these ideas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4044.65,4047.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in every case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4047.41,4048.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only was the science bad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4048.64,4050.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by its own standards, not by our standards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4050.39,4053.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by its own standards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4053.43,4054.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Samuel Morton had these very strong critics in 1850,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4054.38,4058.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for his cranial capacity studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4058.77,4061.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The social Darwinists had their very strong critic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4061.98,4064.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1870s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4064.74,4065.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The eugenicists had their strong critics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4065.71,4068.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps in some of these cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4069.81,4071.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the critics weren't vocal enough in a public way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4071.01,4073.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they had their very strong critics in their own day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4073.93,4077.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same is true of our modern versions of Jensen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4077.33,4081.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Shockley, of sociobiology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4081.15,4084.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very strong criticism within the scientific community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4084.81,4088.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet what gets popularized is not the criticism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4088.44,4093.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not even the strong controversy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4093.36,4095.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather the pro scientific racism point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4095.71,4100.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An interesting collection of popular articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4100.97,4103.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Jensen case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4103.42,4104.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does everybody know what the Jensen case is from 1969?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4104.53,4108.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The attempt to show statistically that blacks and whites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4109.81,4113.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are genetically different from each other in intelligence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4113.15,4115.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with whites being higher and blacks being lower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4115.9,4118.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strong criticism within the scientific community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4118.37,4120.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The list of articles attacking Jensen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4122.543,4125.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is three or four times as long as a list of articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4125.85,4128.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by other people supporting his argument,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4128.5,4131.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the scientific community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4131.33,4132.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the scholarly community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4132.45,4134.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I looked at the popular articles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4134.63,4136.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was just the reverse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4136.16,4138.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same is also true with sociobiology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4138.46,4141.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether it's true","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4141.196,4142.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with eugenics and social Darwinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4142.73,4144.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's an interesting aspect of the historical study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4144.54,4147.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have yet to pursue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4147.57,4149.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's an interesting reversal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4149.86,4152.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm not quite sure what it means,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4152.39,4155.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I have my guesses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4155.15,4156.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A last general point about looking at some of these theories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4159.049,4161.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of biological determinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4161.52,4163.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is their popularization phase tends to occur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4163.09,4166.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"immediately during or following periods of social strife","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4168.34,4173.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in whatever country or society we're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4174.06,4177.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's interesting to note","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4178.05,4179.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the social Darwinist movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4179.59,4182.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly the eugenics movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4182.14,4184.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"came on the heels of the most militant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4184.0,4188.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most widespread labor union organizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4188.36,4191.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4191.61,4193.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to some extent, in Great Britain as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4193.267,4197.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's interesting to note also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4197.32,4199.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the targets of the eugenicists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4199.83,4204.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were not so much the blacks in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4204.22,4207.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the Eastern European immigrants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4207.98,4210.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly the Jewish immigrants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4210.81,4213.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's interesting also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4213.44,4214.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a lot of those people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4214.453,4215.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were some of the instrumental organizers of American labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4215.94,4220.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They had brought their trade union experience with them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4221.79,4224.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from central and southern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4224.22,4226.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's also maybe not coincidental that the selectivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4226.3,4231.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4231.31,4234.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was against central Europeans and Jewish people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4234.04,4237.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It made no restriction from England,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4239.26,4241.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Northern Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4241.94,4244.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its aim was at Central Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4244.76,4247.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the southern Mediterranean countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4248.36,4250.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I would like to suggest then as I close,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4254.15,4257.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that theories which attempt to explain social phenomena","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4257.18,4261.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of innate biological factors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4261.16,4264.008"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are from the beginning likely to be very suspect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4264.008,4267.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they become widespread","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4268.81,4270.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and held as common beliefs in society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4270.33,4272.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can do untold harm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4272.33,4275.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"untold harm not simply because they might be unfair,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4275.18,4278.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but first and foremost, because they're not true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4278.31,4280.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because none of the science has been valid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4280.79,4283.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to prove anything of the sort that the claims have made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4283.44,4286.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's on that basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4286.61,4288.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first and foremost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4288.03,4289.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the ideas can ultimately lead to an incredible amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4289.15,4292.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of human injustice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4292.59,4293.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4293.877,4295.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=4295.311,4298.061"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29742/annotation/1442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/742/original/AV168092_Scientific_Racism_and_its_History_and_Mod_a.vtt?1624893632","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/742/original/AV168092_Scientific_Racism_and_its_History_and_Mod_a.vtt?1624893632"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29743","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV168092_Scientific_Racism_and_its_History_and_Mod_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428/transcript/29743/annotation/1443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Good evening, my name is Hamilton Cravens, and I would like to welcome you to the third and we hope not last, but the third funded lecture of the Sperry and Hutchinson Foundation in a series called Science, Technology, Society. In 1976, we had the first one of these lectures, and this will be the last for the time being. The first speaker was Professor Carol Purcell of the University of California at Santa Barbara, who spoke on the political ramifications of centralization in American technology. The second speaker was Professor Arnold Facre, who spoke on the issue of whether science could could be measured. Tonight, our speaker is Professor Garland E. Allen, who teaches in the biology department at Washington University. His interest has to do with the history of biology, the history of scientific racism, the history of eugenics, and in the larger sense, the use and abuse, I think this is correct, of science and as it affects society. Professor Allen attended the University of Louisville and also Harvard University where he graduated in 1966. He has been a National Science Foundation fellow and grantee. He is the author of a biology textbook, oodles of articles, and two major books, \"A History of the Life Sciences in the Twentieth Century\", and the authoritative and definitive biography of the Mendelian geneticist, Thomas Hunt Morgan. Professor Allen is currently working on the history of the eugenics movement in the United States with some attempt to compare it in its international context, and he's very concerned with the whole issue of the use of scientific theories as a way of naming and defining allegedly superior and allegedly inferior peoples. Yeah. Tonight, without further ado, I would like to introduce Professor Garland E. Allen, who will be speaking on theories of scientific racism, it's history and modern consequences. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- I'll try to give you some very brief overview of what I'd like to do in the few minutes that I'm gonna be talking tonight. If there are questions afterwards, we can certainly spend some time going into those. What I'd like to do is to focus on the issue of scientific racism, to talk a little bit about some of its 19th century historical developments, and then in order to get into a little bit more depth to focus on a 20th century example, that is the eugenics movement, which also happens to be subject as Hamilton told you, that I'm very concerned with as a part of American social, economic, political history. What do we mean by the term scientific racism? A few years ago, people were using the term biological determinism, and maybe you have ran across that term at some point. I would use them more or less synonymously. Whether you call it biological determinism, or scientific racism, and if we wanna call it scientific racism, we can really expand that term to be scientific racism, scientific sexism, and scientific classism. By whatever name, this concept, these terms, refer to the attempt to use biology, science in general, but most generally biology, to try and account for the social, economic, behavioral differences between groups of human beings. Throughout history, theories of scientific racism have attempted to explain poverty. The old dictum that the poor will always be with us is a concept, a generalization, which requires or at least in many people's minds, seems to require some kind of explanation. The existence of unemployment, persistent failure of certain individuals or certain groups in the educational process, mental deficiency, social problems such as alcoholism, criminality, and so on. Each of these are recognizable social problems. Scientific racism, sexism, classism, biological determinism, is the attempt to explain the existence of these social problems in biological terms, that is to root the cause of the problem in the inherited or somehow inherent makeup of individual human beings. Most theories of biological determinism or scientific racism have attempted to explain some behavioral aspect of human beings by reference to an innate, though not necessarily a genetic, biological cause. Theories of scientific racism are by no means something of the past. One of the reasons that I got interested in this whole topic as an aspect of history was because it seemed to me that from my knowledge of its history, there were some things going on today that had a very old ring to them. There seemed to be a good deal of déjà vu. In particular, the theories of Arthur Jensen beginning in 1969, claiming that black people were genetically inferior in intelligence to whites, sounded to me at first glance, awfully reminiscent of some arguments that were made in the 1950s and 1920s, the teens and '20s. Theories that criminality is caused in large part by genetic or chromosomal aberrations, the presence of extra Y chromosomes and so on, was a theory that had a short-lived, but rather dramatic history in the early 1960s. Today, we hear a great deal said about a new biological discipline called sociobiology. That is also in my view, a very current example of a theory of scientific sexism and racism. What I'd like to do is to look at the nature of some of these theories in the past, and to try to get the end of the talk to some kind of analysis of what the appearance and the reappearance of such theories means in a larger social context. Let me start out by saying that to see the role of such theories in history does not mean that we have to deny that there are real hereditary differences between people or between subgroups of the human population. It is certainly true that some human behavioral differences are rooted in physiology which in turn are rooted in genetics such as diabetes, certain heart conditions, Down syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease. There's a whole catalog of clinically and biologically very definable human hereditary traits that affect human social behavior, what human beings can do in their society. To look at the historical role of theories of scientific racism, does not mean that we have to deny that such clinically definable conditions exist. But, when the scientific or biological data postulating a biological cause for a very specific social phenomenon such as poverty, or unemployment, or alcoholism, or criminality, when we find such theories postulated to explain those rather specific social conditions, the historical point that is of great significance is how those theories are used in their social context. In the 18th and 19th century, theories of scientific racism became quite popular. They have existed all the way back to the time of the Greeks, by the way, and Plato, himself was one of the inventors of the perhaps what might be called the first theory of scientific classism at any rate. But Plato was honest enough, and he called his theory a noble lie, and it was that human beings are born made of different metals, and that it's important that each person learn what the metal is of which they are composed, and if they're composed of iron, they should behave as iron, if they are composed of silver or gold, they should behave the silver or gold. But Plato called it a lie because he knew it was necessary to use the theory not as a means of scientific or natural truth, but rather as a means of simply trying to hold things to the status quo. But it's really in the 18th and 19th century that we begin to see some of these theories taking what in our terms might be a non-metaphorical role. Plato's noble lie was a metaphor. It wasn't literally true in anybody's mind that human beings were made of metal. But in fact, by the 18th or 19th century, theories of the actual biological cause, not simply a comparison became prominent. As slavery grew in the 18th and 19th century, a debate raged in the community of natural historians and savants about whether the newly discovered non-white races of Africa, the Indian races of South America, were the same species as the white Caucasian European. A number of naturalist Linnaeus, Louis Agassiz, Thomas Jefferson, people who were, in our terms, perhaps some professional, some semi-professional, some just educated naturalist, came to the fore and debated this issue. And the general consensus for a considerable period of time was in fact that the two groups were the whites and non-whites were separate species. And that in fact, the separateness was the result either of separate creations of pre-Adamite creations and so on. The mid and later 19th century, it became obvious by a number of criteria that all human beings were really members of the same species. With the rise of the growing emancipation movements that were beginning to develop in Europe, that is for the emancipation of slavery in various European colonies, a new justification was picked up for trying to explain in a sense, why the blacks race in particular should be regarded not as an equal of the white. Human races, it was said, existed in a hierarchy from the most primitive to the most advanced. The argument was based upon a growing field in the early to mid 19th century known as anthropometry. Anthropometry meant literally, the measurement of the human being. The attempt to get various kinds of data, measured data, about the structure of the human anatomy. One of the most interesting, how do we turn off the lights? Is there...\r\n\r\n- Step switch is over there.\r\n\r\n- One of the most interesting kinds of comparison that Europeans first became infatuated with, was the obvious, in some ways physical likeness of the apes, or the primates to... The remote focus doesn't work. I guess there's a little knob on the front of the... Yeah. We may have a very anti-racist slide machine.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I think it's--\r\n\r\n- This figure which came from about the 1850s, show the obviously biased view in the drawing comparing of an orang to a female black from Africa. And the comparison, the drawing, as you can see, obviously exaggerates similarities in a way, that way you can get a focus that shows the kind of thinking that was prevalent in making these comparisons. It was obvious that the blacks to white Europeans, it was obvious that the blacks resembled the anthropoid apes. Now, anthropometry however, tried to go beyond this kind of simple or facile comparison. It attempted to measure the differences and therefore give them precision and apparent scientific authority. One of the most common methods of measurement of the so called facial protractor, which was a means of measuring facial angle. The lower part of the protractor was placed under the chin, and this part of the protractor adjusted to go up the slant of the face, and from that, measured along the arc you could get, that still isn't very clear focus, but I think it's the best we can do. The remote control only puts it out of focus. Simply bring it back in. But anyway, you could get a measurement of an angle and then that measurement of angle could be used to compare different groups to one another. Here's one of the simpler examples of the date, it was about 1850 again, that shows the comparison of the simple facial angle. Okay. The facial angle. It showed the kind of thing that the European investigator found very satisfying, and that was that the more sharp the angle, the more anthropoid the facial structure, and that the white European had a almost vertical angle, whereas the black had a much more acute angle. And it was found that, if you range the various subgroups of the human population along the line of facial angles, that indeed the white European came out the furthest in facial angle from the anthropoid apes, and the black came closest, and that again, was very satisfying in terms of going along with basic kind of social and hierarchical assumptions. Now, some biologists and zoologists pointed out at this time, that if this was true, if this argument should apply throughout the whole phylogeny of the animal kingdom, there should be some relationship between facial angle not only just among the primates, but in fact, it could be carried on down into other species as well. The simplest biological explanation of the significance of this facial angle was not merely that it was a measurement that differentiated one group from another, but that it was a measurement that reflected the shape of the skull, particularly the frontal lobe, where the center of reason was supposed to reside, and therefore the sharper the facial angle, the less frontal lobe, and therefore the less braining material and the less cognitive power. Well, indeed, if one looked around through the animal kingdom, and arranged the phyla in representatives, at least even the vertebrates along the kind of line, you could get everything from a fish with a virtually horizontal facial angle, up to a white European with a vertical facial angle, and you got a very nice series. Brain neurologists knew, if you could equally well pick any number of other species in the middle of that array, and they would not fall in the place that you would hope they would. So it's a very select arrangement of phyla, but at the end it'll show the kind of thinking, the searching for a biological correlate to justify already existing social hierarchies. Now, the anthropometry movement, which became very prominent in the latter half of the 19th century, attempted eventually, as it really got going, to measure any and everything about the human frame. Would measure every conceivable part of the anatomy, and found this generated table after table of data. If you read the anthropological anthropometric papers published in this period, you will see just endless tables of figures. But this gave to the movement, a sense of the precision of science, of the authority of science, and there was a great deal written on this subject in the 1850s, '60s and '70s, and we could go into great length. I'd love to spend more time talking about the anthropometry movement, 'cause it really has some fascinating aspects to it, including the work of at least one great American anthropometrist, Samuel G. Morton, of which one biologist historian of sciences, Stephen Gould, has shown in the last couple of years, managed to fake a good deal of his data, perhaps unconsciously, but in fact, so low the measurements that he was taking, that he showed exactly what his preconceptions intended to show. The whole anthropometry movement was very interesting, and also, again something I don't have time to talk about right now, but the whole argument was applied in male-female differences as well. In the 1870s, especially in England, when movements for women's emancipation, for women's admission to higher education was a hot topic and a hot parliamentary topic, the London Anthropological Society began to generate large numbers of papers using various kinds of measurements, first facial angles, then various other kinds of measurements, head to body weight, body size, and so on, to try to get measurements that would show that women were biologically inferior to men, and therefore to admit women to the universities was in fact to upset the order of nature. Such arguments were used in the United States, particularly to show that black people should not be emancipated, that in fact, the emancipation movements were going to so upset the social structure, that in fact, it would be deleterious to everyone concerned. Louis Agassiz, the great American biologist and zoologist in 1869 argued from data, much as what you see here, that Negros' brains had smaller capacities than those of whites. And he said, \"There is no more malicious practice than slavery \"except perhaps the doctrine \"that all men are equal, \"in the sense of being equally capable \"of fostering progress and advancing civilization.\" In terms of social policy, Agassiz went on to say, \"Let us be aware of granting too much to the Negro race. \"In the beginning, \"lest it become necessary here after \"to deprive them of some of the principles \"which they may use to their own and to our detriment.\" Now, it's interesting, Agassiz was probably one of the most renowned and well-known zoologist in the United States at that time. He was surprised and somewhat perturbed to find that his arguments and his conclusions were picked up and used by Southerners during the Reconstruction Era. And he was even profoundly hurt when he was called by one abolitionist a racist. But nonetheless, Agassiz's preconceptions, his presumptions, his assumptions, whatever term you wanna use for them, in a sense dictated the kind of biological evidence on which he was willing to rest a conclusion. The thought process was very clear. The social hierarchy was natural. The function of biology was to show why it was natural. The most profound theory of scientific racism in the 19th century, I think, was that which was called social Darwinism. It was originally a movement and a concept which emerged from the writings of Herbert Spencer, his great American proponent was William Graham Sumner at Yale University, popular in the period from about 1880 till the very early 1900's. Social Darwinism attempted to apply the Darwinian theory of natural selection to the structuring and the history of society. The basic argument of social Darwinism was that in the social sphere as in the natural biological sphere, organisms compete for scarce resources, and the competition means that those who succeed rise to the top of success, either in the animal community or in the human community, and those who are unable to compete or less successful, sink to the bottom. Such a theory explained the existence and persistence of social and economic hierarchies, and in fact suggested that to alter those hierarchies by such things as legislation or charity was in fact, to go against the order of nature. To help those who were unfit survive was as unnatural as for an organism that was incapable of competing in nature to be somehow protected and allowed to further its kind. Sumner pointed out clearly how the biological doctrine of natural selection could be used to justify a certain social order. He said the millionaires are a product of natural selection, acting on the whole body of men to pick out those who can meet the requirement of a certain work to be done. It is because they are thus selected that wealth both their own and that entrusted to them, aggregates in their hands. They may fairly be regarded as the naturally selected agents of society for certain work. They get high wages and live in luxury, but the bargain is a good one for society. There is the intensest competition for their place in occupation. This assures us that all who are competent for this function will be employed in it, so that the cost will be reduced to the lowest terms. Sumner went on to say that social legislation to aid the poor or unemployed is destructive to society. \"Let it be understood,\" he said, \"that we cannot go outside of this alternative. \"Liberty, inequality, survival of the fittest. \"Non-liberty, equality, and survival of the unfittest. \"The former carries society forward \"and favors all of its best members. \"The latter carries society downwards, \"and favors all of its worst members.\" There is of course, one fallacy in social Darwinism that makes the application of the biological principle to the social sphere irrelevant, and that fallacy is a very simple one. Fitness, who is fit and who is less fit, in Darwinian terms is judged by one and only one external criteria, that is what's called differential fertility. Those organisms are the most fit who leave the most offspring to the next generation. Those offspring or those individuals are least fit, who leave the least offspring to the next generation. Now, as everyone was quick to point out in studies that were made around the first decade of the 20th century, that in fact, by that criteria, the wealthiest of society were the least fit, and the poor were the most fit because family size almost had an inverse proportion to social and economic status. In fact, it was a matter of great concern both in Great Britain and the United States, in the early years of the 20th century, that the poor were seen as outbreeding the wealthy, and the term race suicide was coined to express the strong concern of usually the white and wealthy sectors of society that they were being continuously and increasingly outnumbered. Social Darwinism was an inappropriate metaphor, analogy or biological explanation for the class and racial and economic structure of society, but it had a very widespread popularity in both England, the United States and some other European countries in the last decades of the 19th century. It was against a background such as this, which I've just discussed, three kinds of theories of biological determinism, the notion of species differences, the notion of anthropometry to measure the differences between human beings and the idea of social Darwinism that in the 20th century yet another theory emerged. This was the movement that I'd like to talk about in a little more detail called eugenics. The term eugenics was coined by Francis Galton, cousin of Charles Darwin and an English biometrician, a mathematician, and naturalist, and biologist of considerable merit. The term was coined in the 1880s, but it wasn't really till after the turn of the century, that a movement based upon eugenics got underway. What is eugenics? To Galton it meant the attempt to use rational principles of heredity and evolution to guide the genetic or hereditary destiny of the human species. By that, Dalton and later eugenicists, and his followers meant selective breeding to encourage those members of society who had desirable qualities, desirable qualities of physical and physiological structure, but also of moral structure, to have lots of children and to discourage or prevent those people who have undesirable traits from having many or any children. The concepts of heredity that Galton himself espoused in the last few years of the 19th century, didn't lend themselves very well to formulating a strict kind of scientific basis for eugenics. It simply wasn't possible to predict from knowing the hereditary past of any given organism, what kind of offspring it might produce. But in 1900, Mendel's Laws of Heredity were rediscovered and were thrust and received somewhat enthusiastically, and in fact, increasingly enthusiastically throughout the scientific community. This is the first time that a really generally applicable theory of heredity had become available to biologists, and it was natural that almost from the very beginning, there were attempts to apply it to the human species as well as pea plants, and guinea pigs, and rat. Eugenics as it became a movement, starting in the early 1900s, around 1904 or five, oh, by the way, this was just one other little theory of biological determinism and scientific racism. It's interesting because this was from an article published in 1901 in the British Journal, \"Nature\". There was an attempt to categorize criminal tendencies in people on the basis of ear structures. What the page here shows is the basic human ear, the chimpanzee ear and the ear of a criminal, and to show that the ear of the criminal had many more similarities to the ear of the chimpanzee than to that of the normal human population. And the article was replete with photographs of hundreds of years, and the variety of types, and so on. Only problem was it turned out that a large number of members of the British aristocracy had ears that represented the chimpanzee type, and the theory didn't gain much favor after that recognition was pointed out. Following on anthropometry, came a very important development, which again just go on with because the slide shows this, of trying to measure, not facial angles, but cranial capacity, that is the volume of the brain. This is what Samuel Morton tried to do, is what a number of people tried to do to show that in fact, if you measure volumes, you get an array and a hierarchy of human beings from the Australian and the Hottentot down here at 75 cc to the Teutonic up at the top with 92 cc, and to try to show that in fact, this was a biological explanation for why the northern Europeans were the leaders of civilization and society, and why the Hottentots and the Australians were in fact where they were. Well published eugenics. Eugenicists saw their movement as the attempt to apply Mendelian genetics to improving this human hereditary stock. They made conscious analogies to animal and plant breeding all the time. And in fact, there's a famous eugenic cartoon, which I should have brought along, which shows two people talking about pedigree of their dog, and then one of them finally asked the other, \"Well, but do you have pedigrees on your children?\" And the person says no, and he says, \"Well, you're neglecting your duty, \"if you're so concerned about the pedigree of your dog \"to neglect the pedigree of your children.\" Eugenicists saw their movement as drawing upon virtually every field of human knowledge, genealogy, sociology, psychiatry, medicine, statistics, anthropology, genetics, biology, you name it, and all of these form the roots feeding into the eugenic tree, and of course the flowering of that tree was the knowledge, the leafing, was the knowledge of applying these scientific and academic disciplines to proscribing various kinds of breeding practices for the human population. Now, how did eugenicists proceed? What kind of arguments did they use? What kind of biology and genetics in fact did they employ? Morally and ethically, it wasn't really possible for eugenicists to do that with human things. While it wasn't all and by 1910, that there were some genetic traits that human beings that appeared to be inherited in a Mendelian fashion, red-green color blindness, hemophilia, the ABO blood groups, several metabolic diseases such as phenylketonuria, and alkaptonuria, and so on, were all found to be genetically determined traits in human beings. This gave eugenicists a big boost to begin to investigate the kind of traits that they were interested in which are social behavioral traits. Now, the only way that eugenicists could really proceed was to construct what we call family pedigrees. Human beings are very bad organisms to work with, if you're interested in genetics, not so today, because we have techniques for really analyzing genetic differences on the enzyme levels today. Those weren't available in the early 1900s. Human beings are bad for a couple reasons. You can't make any kind of planned meetings, you have to take what is already there. And second, human beings have very few offspring, so you don't have any kind of statistical reliability. The best that you can do is to do family study, look for the appearance or the reappearance of traits in several generations within a family, and try to deduce from the patterns of reappearance whether the trait, one, appears to be hereditary at all, and two, if it's hereditary, whether its dominant, recessive, what its pattern is. So eugenicists went around studying, collecting information on human family histories in an attempt to construct these pedigrees. This is a pedigree for epilepsy, and such pedigree information is useful. It is not by any means bogus information necessarily, but it's utility depends upon a couple of things. First and foremost, it depends upon being able to identify the trait with some degree of precision. Even epilepsy, which is a clinically definable trait, is not always easy to detect, especially in the early 1900s. Many people conceal the occurrence of epilepsy in members of a family, simply because it was considered an embarrassing trait. Medical records were not all that complete. People have epilepsy but may only show epileptic fits on very rare occasions. So it's sometimes very hard to tell whether an individual is or is not an epileptic. So it becomes difficult, one, to identify the trait, to agree upon the trait, does this individual manifest the trait or not? Second, it sometimes becomes very hard to get information that you can rely upon. If you do have reliability, and both of those things, you can construct the family pedigree that may tell you something. Unfortunately, the eugenicists were by and large, not interested in the kinds of traits that had clinical definability. They were interested in vague personality traits, social traits, for example here, inherited scholarship. This is a family tree of the family of Timothy Dwight, and it goes back four generations to show the presence of individuals who had some kind of scholarly attribute, if you could read the legend down here, you would see that these dark squares are college presidents, these half dark squares are people who either were college presidents or faculty members in colleges, on down people who wrote, people of letters, and so on. And you have all these various symbols. And the continual recurrence of these traits in every generation was conclusive enough evidence, for most eugenicists, that's scholarly ability was genetically determined. And they went on to make arguments that in fact, some family line showed a great preponderance of scholarship, and they were the successful, the beneficial, they should encourage to have lots of children. Other family line showed virtually no signs of inherited scholarship whatsoever, and they should be discouraged from having children and so on. Of course, people did point out, the eugenicists didn't pay much attention to the fact that lots of things are socially inherited in family, for example, language. It is not a criterion for genetic determinism, to say that French speaking people have French speaking children, but in fact, that was the kind of line of argument that eugenicists used. Particularly prominent eugenicists thinking was their attacks on the growing ranks of the poor, of poverty stricken, and of the feeble minded. Here from a little booklet that was published in Princeton, New Jersey in 1937, the title of this picture is, \"Four Generations in one Almshouse at one Time\", and it shows again, the typical pedigree showing that this inherited disability what is called pauperism in early 20th century terms, was in fact passed right down the line, you can see the dark circles or squares. Now, the American eugenics movement in particular, was headed from the early days of the 20th century onward by a man named Charles Benedict Davenport. In 1904, he persuaded the Carnegie Institution of Washington to establish what was called the Laboratory for the Experimental Study of Evolution at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island. In 1910, Davenport, persuaded Mrs. E.H Harriman of the Harriman family, the widow of the former head of Union Pacific Railroad, to found a second institution, also at Cold Spring Harbor, called the Eugenics Record Office. The Eugenics Record Office headed by Davenport and his deputy Harry Laughlin set up a research program to collect family information on as many types of people as it was possible to get information on in the various social and economic racial groups in the United States. It was meant to be a clearinghouse for genetic information about human beings, for publishing eugenic reports and recommendations, and until its closing in 1939, it became a major center for lobbying activities, in an attempt to get various eugenically inspired legislation passed both at the federal and at the state levels. The eugenics movement was initially supported by many leading biologists in the United States. Prior to the beginning of World War I, a number of bonafide laboratory geneticists and by bonafide, I mean people who did experimental work in genetics, as their occupation, were, in fact, strongly interested in trying to show that Mendelian genetics had some practical use as far as human life was concerned. It wasn't merely a matter of breeding little bugs, and mice, and guinea pigs. The movement was supported by some of the most well-known names in American biology, e.g., Conklin at Princeton, T. H. Morgan at Columbia, Herbert Spencer Jennings at Johns Hopkins, W. E. Castle at Harvard, E. A. Ross, a sociologist at Wisconsin, David Starr Jordan at Stanford, and so on. W. E. Castle at Harvard wrote a popular textbook called \"Genetics and Eugenics\", which went through three editions, and Conklin used his invitations to give a series of lectures in 1914 at Northwestern University to expand the eugenic cause. The picture shown here shows several American biologists at Cold Spring Harbor, from left is C. B. Davenport, who was the chief eugenicist, but also a biologist of considerable renown and member of the then just beginning National Academy of Sciences. Next to him is Irving Fisher, who was an economist at Yale. Next to him, third from the left is T. H. Morgan from Colombia, and on the far right is Alexander Graham Bell, who was a great patron of eugenics in its early years. Now it's understandable why many members of the biological community would want to support this movement. It did after all show that their science was useful. And as I tried to point out, there were traits that were investigated, were clinically definable in human beings that did seem to have a distinct genetic basis. However, the eugenicists, as I mentioned, were not willing to stop with clinically definable traits. Davenport, for example, tried to show that alcoholism, seafaringness, degeneracy, and feeble mindedness, were each due to a single Mendelian gene. Castle tried to argue that crosses between various human races might produce the same kind of a misfit hybrid as a cross between a Thoroughbred and a draft horse. And Davenport even argued along the same lines that a cross between a white and a black would produce a disharmonious hybrid with the offspring possibly, and I quote, \"Having the long legs of the Negro \"and the short arms of the white, \"and thus having to stoop over more \"to pick up a thing off of the ground.\" Eugenicists were interested in traits such as aesthetic and artistic ability. From the collection of Harry Laughlin, which happens to be housed in a little College in upstate Missouri, I found some very interesting photographs. Laughlin designed a series of tests what were called aesthetic or artistic discrimination tests to which children would be applied and they be scored on the test. This is the artistic discrimination test. The child is presented with this little model of a house and moveable shrubbery, and so on, and asked to put the shrubbery where they would like to see it placed. And there were certain standard places, if the child put the shrubbery in those places, they would be said to have an artistic sense, and if they put them in other places or scattered them about with no pattern, they would be said to have no or very little artistic ability. And this kind of test was applied to hundreds upon hundreds of children. Another one that I found even more interesting in some sense was called the aesthetic sense. And the child was confronted with a series of pelt of different kinds of furs and asked to stroke the fur and to tell which was the softest and some were cat, and rat, and some were mink, and sable, and very fine thing. And the child was scored on whether they got the right answer or not on these fur-feeling test. But anyway, it was this kind of thing that eugenicists were interested in. In a way, it sounds like we're making a lot of fun of the eugenicists, as though they were kind of simple-minded people. In some ways, they were awfully naive. On the other hand, they were motivated, many of them, by a very serious desire to improve society and to eliminate social problems. The biggest difficulty was the kind of evidence that they sought to explain the cause of the social problems simply was not forthcoming in any of the data which they gathered. Chief among the traits, was the eugenicists sought to show, was genetically controlled was intelligence. And the fixation of eugenicists with the feeble-minded, the mentally degenerate, the morons, was profound. As the phrase says here, \"See the happy moron, he doesn't have a care. \"His children and his problems are all for us to bear.\" The eugenicists became highly involved in the IQ testing movement, and that again is a story in itself, and simply we don't have time to go into that in any length. But to give you one example of the zeal, but perhaps the misplaced zeal, which the eugenicists employed, when Henry Goddard, who was both a staunch eugenicist and a pioneer in the development in the Binet intelligence test was invited to Ellis Island in 1912 by the Immigration Service to administer these sort of precursors of the modern IQ test, he found imbecility to be in a very high proportion among the immigrants. 83% of the Jews, 80% of the Hungarians, 79% of the Italians, and 87% of Russians were deemed to be imbeciles and not fit for admission to the United States. And as the Immigration Service was proud to show later, and Goddard himself was proud to show that between 1912 and '13, and 1913 and '14, deportations for failure to pass the mental test rose by some 570%. It is interesting to note that of course, the tests were administered either in English or for non-English speaking people, they were administered in pantomime. When it was found after World War I, that the immigrants who had been in the United States for 20 years did markedly better on the test than newly arriving immigrants, Carl Brigham, who had pioneered in the army testing program of draftees during the war, concluded that the results of this survey showed that the quality of immigrants was declining. The racial biases of eugenicists were very pronounced. Eugenics was based from its inception, on the notion of white Anglo-Saxon superiority. Galton, he tells us, was moved to study heredity by a desire to account for the recurrence of hereditary genius in his own family. And Galton once said, and I quote, \"There exists a sentiment, \"for the most part quite unreasonable \"against the gradual extinction of an inferior race.\" The inherent of class, racial bias of the eugenicists, I think perhaps nowhere more clearly shown, than in this photograph from the eugenic publication, again that one published in Princeton in 1937. The caption on the left-hand side, which is not too easy to read, this shows an immigrant family, the caption on the left-hand side says, \"Why plew the America's bloodstream \"by letting these dregs of humanity multiply?' By whatever standard that is not a scientific kind of question, and the boundary between the science of Mendelian genetics and the conclusion of geneticists was fuzzy indeed. The eugenicists, excuse me, I'll come back to the slide in just a moment. What was the reaction of geneticist to the kind of statements that we saw made in the previous slide around these exaggerations of saying that seafaring as what Davenport called blasophilia, evil-mindedness, alcoholism, criminality, insubordination, were genetic traits. What was the reaction of geneticists to that? Well, in the beginning, geneticists by and large ignored such statements, but by about the time of World War I, a number of geneticists who had up to that time supported the eugenics movement withdrew their support. They withdrew their support largely in a quiet fashion, they resigned from eugenics organizations, they refuse to publish in eugenic journals, they would not go to eugenic meetings, and so on. But very, very few of them, up until about the late '20s or early '30s, made any kind of public statements against eugenics. So for the average reader who didn't look at the journal literature, there was no clear indication that geneticists, that biologically trained laboratory people had lost faith in the scientific nature of this movement. The eugenicists, however, were unperturbed by the withdrawal of biological support. They went right on in every way possible, popularizing their notions. And as the years went on, the eugenic organizations, including the center at Cold Spring Harbor became increasingly concerned with what they called education, literally propaganda, as they call it, it was their own term, and with getting out the word, in other words, in trying to make an impact. They got a great deal of popular display at eugenic conferences, at State Fair. The eugenicists would turn up with their charts. Here's a display from Harry Laughlin's own collections, not a very slick looking display, but it makes the point that eugenicists were trying to get at. \"How long are we Americans to be so careful \"for the pedigree of our pigs, and chickens, and cattle, \"and then leave the ancestry of our children to chance \"or to blind sentiment.\" This was a display of one of the American eugenics society exhibits, which showed there's a blank up up at that top, that white card in the center with the black circle in the center. The black circle is a little light. It would flashed on and off, and said every seven seconds a detective is born, and so on. Each of these charts had a different light flashing with different frequency showing when a criminal was born, when a person of a high quality was born, and the noticeable difference was that the life for a person of high quality being born only went on something around every 10 minutes, whereas the other ones were flashing constantly. So it made a rather dramatic impression. College courses began to treat eugenics. In 1914, the American Genetics Association boasted that already 44 colleges were teaching courses in eugenics. By 1928, they boasted that the number had swelled to 376. I looked into that a little bit, you have to be very distrustful of the eugenicists' own figures, I found out, because they were quite willing to pad their estimates of their own success. By out of the 376 courses, many were genetics courses, which had a week or two of lectures about eugenics, or a unit on eugenics, but they were not full scale courses for a whole semester in eugenics. But nonetheless, it was getting coverage and treatment in college courses on an increasing scale. Popular articles about eugenics were appearing in slick magazines all over the place. If you went through the reader's guide, the periodical literature, and just looked at the titles of articles listed under eugenics, you go back and look at 'em, almost all of them were pro eugenics, very, very few of them are negative eugenics. And the number of pro eugenics articles shot way up between about 1910 and '15, hitting their peak around 1912 or so on, and then maintaining a low but constant level on up into the '20s and '30s. So by the time of World War I, the notion of eugenics, while perhaps not a household word, in a general sense, was something that most people were familiar with, in one way or another. It's very hard to tell that. I can't make that as an absolute historical assertion. But it appears that through the average channels of popularization that the notion that social differences in people which were all to the fore anyway at that time, racial differences also might have some kind of biological basis. There were a number a raft of books published in the teens and 20s about eugenics. Madison Grant, a wealthy New York lawyer, wrote a book called \"Passing of the Great Race\" in 1916, in which he lamented the decline of white Anglo-Saxon Protestants. Lothrop Stoddard in 1920 wrote a book called, \"The Rising Tide of Color against White Supremacy\". I don't think the title itself is highly descriptive. Both books were based virtually or no genetic evidence at all, but largely were airings of opinions about racism. Grant wrote, \"Whether we like to admit it or not, \"the result of the mixture of two races in the long run, \"gives us a race reverting \"to the more ancient, generalized and lower type. \"The cross between a white man and a Negro is a Negro, \"and the cross between any of the three European races \"and a Jew is a Jew. \"Race feeling might be called prejudice,\" Grant said, \"but it was,\" and I quote, \"natural antipathy would serve to maintain the purity \"of the type.\" We could go on and on and on with quotations from these people and I won't bother you with it, but the flavor is not untypical, and that's the point I'm trying to get across. The eugenics movement was highly organized. There were eugenics societies in most American cities, there were eugenic journals, there were eugenic conferences, there were eugenic films, and the Better Baby contests in state fairs in the 1920s and '30s were in fact eugenics inspired contest. They were eugenic couples contests at state fairs in which couples would enter and their physical measurements and their hereditary background would be compared, and then one couple would be awarded the most eugenic couple, that is the two people would have the greatest chance of producing high type of offspring. Now, what is the political effect of eugenics? This was not a benign movement. And I'd really like to close out the talk with a dictum that may at first sound extreme, but I'd like to finish, I don't think it's so extreme. I'd like to say that I think sometimes academics, while we're all impressed with the effects we think we might be able to someday hear, we also tend to diminish the importance of ideas. We're funny kind of schizophrenic about that. We think our ideas are pretty important, but we also quite frequently are willing to diminish our own importance. But I think ideas can have very significant effects, and indeed, ideas can kill. One of the areas in which eugenicists had some of their strongest political effect was in the arena of immigration restriction and of sterilization laws. I'd like to talk about the sterilization laws first. Going back to old studies of the Juke family, which is something that became a very prominent case in the late 19th century. The eugenicists hit upon the notion that if Ada Juke in 1748, Ada Juke was a case as a whole had been studied in which a large number of descendants have been traced back to the illicit relationship between an 18th century woman and a degenerate man who was named Olhar, and out of that liaison came a whole series of degenerate descendants. Meanwhile, Ada Juke also had a liaison with an American Revolutionary War or army officer from who came a whole series of very high quality descendant. The point was that there is a hereditary nature of being manifest in the very beginning. And as the eugenicists tried to show of the descendants of Ada Jukes, 92% were of her liaison with Olhar were in one way defectives. There were 64 mentally diseased, 174 sex perverts, 196 illegitimates, 142 paupers, 77 criminals and murderers, and so on. The point was, should we allow the Ada Jukes' of today to continue the multiplication of misery. If Ada Jukes had been sterilized in 1740, the calculation went, it would have saved future generations countless thousands upon thousands of dollars. In 1937, this headline from The Sandy Oregonian, was a strict and pure eugenic argument, \"The Status of Sterilization Laws \"for the Eugenically Unfit in the State of Oregon.\" And it shows the typical pedigree showing that here's a case of two people who themselves were mentally defective, having lots of offspring, who passed on and multiply this mental defectiveness throughout society. The eugenicists took on the various state legislatures, the onus of trying to get past eugenic sterilization laws, and in many cases, they were quite effective. By 1935, over 30 states in the United States had passed eugenic sterilization laws, calling for compulsory sterilization of individuals declared to be eugenically unfit. Those decisions of who was eugenically unfit were made in different ways in different states. In some, for example, they were made by a judge in a court, sometimes by a state board of health or some kind of committee of doctors, in some cases, they were made by the legal system itself. But in no cases was much in the way of real scientific evidence usually brought to bear. What were the characteristics that were said to be eugenically unfit for which a person could potentially be sterilized? Well, in Alabama, was being feeble minded, In California was being feeble minded, a habitual criminal, insane, an idiot, or a mental defective. In Connecticut, it was for being feeble minded, habitual criminal, sorry, insane, an idiot, an imbecile, and those with inherited tendency to crime. In Indiana was hereditary insane, feeble minded or epileptic. In Iowa, right here, morally degenerate persons could be sterilized and so on. The number of sterilizations in the United States went up. As you can see as of 1921, '25, '26, and so on up to 1935, the total cumulative number of sterilizations by 1935 was about 21,000. Now, it's interesting that eugenicists claimed that their laws were used all over the place. In fact, the data shows that they were used only in a few states. California had over half of this 21,000 sterilizations. There was some states in which there were no sterilizations even though the laws were on the books. So it's quite variable, and we want to be loath to conclude that the sterilization laws open the floodgate of sterilization across the whole country. The point was that there was a kind of mentality and argument that was being mounted to claim that the social problems of the people listed in that previous slide were genetically determined, and therefore sterilization would in fact help to prevent that situation from being passed on to future generations. Probably, the greatest effect that the eugenicists had was in the passage of federal immigration restriction law in 1924, the so called Johnson Act or as it later became popularly known as the Immigration Restriction Act. Harry Laughlin, the head of the Eugenics Record Office, testified in over 600 pages worth of congressional testimony over a period of several years, to the effect that various nationalities coming to the United States carried with them defective genes, and that if in fact, we did not want the moral bloodstream of the United States to be diluted and polluted that effective immigration and selective immigration restriction should be put forward. So by 1924, those arguments among other economic and social arguments had their effects. There was flooding of the labor market after the return of soldiers from World War I. There was a great need for finding some way to justify cutting down on immigration since open immigration has always been a major policy of the United States, and the eugenic arguments were latched on to as a kind of justification, a kind of scientific justification for something that people felt had to be done, anyway. I think the important point that I'd like to end up with, is that the eugenics movement did by virtue of its political impact, have some very deleterious effects on people's lives, with the immigration restriction in particular. It separated families, people who had come here leaving their families in Europe to bring them over a little bit later, were later unable to do so. In 1940, a particularly tragic instance, a ship named the St. Louis brought a group of German refugees from Germany, Jewish refugees to North America. First, the ship went to Havana. They were denied entrance there, they were denied entrance in the United States on a quota basis that derived from the 1924 law, and the ship was sent back to Germany. I think those kind of ideas have an enormous impact in the long run, but it's very hard to trace them out in a one to one basis. Harry Laughlin had direct contact with the Nazi Race Hygiene Movement. He was awarded an honorary MD degree from the University of Heidelberg in 1936, by the Nazis explicitly for his work showing that human races and human ethnic groups were genetically inferior and superior to one another, and that this was a scientific wave of the future. I think it's important to recognize that the work that was done at Cold Spring Harbor in the United States, while perhaps not having its most dramatic impact on these shores did have its rather dramatic impact at Dachau and the concentration camps in the ovens of the Nazi Holocaust. I don't mean to try to be sensationalist and to overdramatize it, but I think the connection is important to keep in mind. The connection is important because the theories of biological determinism or of scientific racism, whether we go back to the 18th century or to anthropometry, social Darwinism or whatever, have seemed to serve, at least in my analysis, a common kind of function in their own historical, each in their own historical era. One of those functions has been to, in some ways, justify the status quo. So long tradition in western social thinking since the 17th century to try to argue that there is a natural basis for the social order, whatever that may be. But certainly to claim that the biological and inherent nature of people is the contributing factor to the order of society is a version of that rather general intellectual and social trend. Theories of biological and scientific racism have in fact, always supported the status quo, as you've seen with each of the examples that have tried to use the groups which are the genetically most inferior in terms of Darwinian competition most successful, in terms of anthropometric measurements, at the top of the scale are always the same people. But yet, the sort of social and popularization of the movement goes on unabated. That popularization is what builds and wins support by in some way or another, convincing the lay public that the authority of science is behind these ideas. But in every case, not only was the science bad, by its own standards, not by our standards, by its own standards, Samuel Morton had these very strong critics in 1850, for his cranial capacity studies. The social Darwinists had their very strong critic in the 1870s. The eugenicists had their strong critics, perhaps in some of these cases, the critics weren't vocal enough in a public way, but they had their very strong critics in their own day. The same is true of our modern versions of Jensen, of Shockley, of sociobiology. Very strong criticism within the scientific community, yet what gets popularized is not the criticism, not even the strong controversy, but rather the pro scientific racism point of view. An interesting collection of popular articles on the Jensen case, does everybody know what the Jensen case is from 1969? The attempt to show statistically that blacks and whites are genetically different from each other in intelligence, with whites being higher and blacks being lower. Strong criticism within the scientific community. The list of articles attacking Jensen is three or four times as long as a list of articles by other people supporting his argument, within the scientific community, within the scholarly community. When I looked at the popular articles, it was just the reverse. The same is also true with sociobiology. I don't know whether it's true with eugenics and social Darwinism, and it's an interesting aspect of the historical study I have yet to pursue, but it's an interesting reversal. And I'm not quite sure what it means, but I have my guesses. A last general point about looking at some of these theories of biological determinism, is their popularization phase tends to occur immediately during or following periods of social strife in whatever country or society we're talking about. And it's interesting to note that the social Darwinist movement, particularly the eugenics movement, came on the heels of the most militant and most widespread labor union organizing in the United States, and to some extent, in Great Britain as well. And it's interesting to note also that the targets of the eugenicists were not so much the blacks in the United States as the Eastern European immigrants, and particularly the Jewish immigrants. And it's interesting also that a lot of those people were some of the instrumental organizers of American labor. They had brought their trade union experience with them from central and southern Europe. And it's also maybe not coincidental that the selectivity of the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924 was against central Europeans and Jewish people. It made no restriction from England, from Northern Germany, its aim was at Central Europe, the southern Mediterranean countries. What I would like to suggest then as I close, is that theories which attempt to explain social phenomena in terms of innate biological factors are from the beginning likely to be very suspect. If they become widespread and held as common beliefs in society, they can do untold harm, untold harm not simply because they might be unfair, but first and foremost, because they're not true, because none of the science has been valid to prove anything of the sort that the claims have made. And it's on that basis, first and foremost, that the ideas can ultimately lead to an incredible amount of human injustice. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45470/file/118428#t=0.0,4311.048"}]}]}]}