{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/wm13n21b94/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Jones, Alan R., The City is Dead, Long Live the City"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Rostrum #1. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=192.63,197.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is probably more appropriate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=197.51,198.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For the last 15 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=200.33,201.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"historians and economists and other social scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=201.75,205.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerned with urban problems have raised the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=205.18,208.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whether the city, as we know it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=208.63,210.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not as we know it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=211.5,212.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in Iowa or in Ames,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=212.37,214.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but as we know it nationally and internationally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=214.38,218.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether the city as we know it can survive the 20th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=218.42,222.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The titles of their articles reveal this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=223.6,226.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kenneth Boulding writes specifically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=226.35,228.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Death of the city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=228.92,230.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Melvin Weber writes of the Post city age.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=230.97,234.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others see the city lingering on in senile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=234.56,238.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in such articles as The city as sandbox","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=239.16,242.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the city as reservation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=242.89,245.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with its bureaucratic custodian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=245.61,247.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The title I like best is that of a young woman sociologist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=249.04,252.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Janet Abu-Lughod, The City is Dead, Long Live the City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=252.89,257.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've dealt with these questions in recent years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=258.73,260.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a course in urban history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=260.72,262.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at American and European cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=262.81,265.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A course I might say, which has humanist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=265.79,268.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than social science perspectives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=268.23,270.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which compares American to European cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=270.62,273.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly London.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=273.9,275.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe I understand the concern about the death of cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=275.69,279.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I will outline my views and values.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=279.41,282.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How long rather broad historical and humanist lines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=284.73,288.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I think is one of the guidelines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=288.2,291.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Iowa humanities grant board sets for these appearances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=291.01,295.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And along those lines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=296.628,299.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it may be difficult to find practical solutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=299.85,304.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or guidelines to public policy in Ames.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=305.31,308.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hopefully a humanist perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=309.56,311.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he is not irrelevant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=313.305,314.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those immediate concerns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=315.6,318.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cities are individual affairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=321.42,323.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each with its own quality of uniqueness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=323.93,327.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are also very much alike","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=327.76,329.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with similar patterns and similar problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=329.46,333.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The historian has to look at them both ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=333.43,336.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to emphasize in the first instance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=336.65,339.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the similarities between great cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=339.42,343.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the patterns of change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=343.41,344.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they all seem to have undergone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=344.73,346.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last two centuries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=346.64,349.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Patterns which are often discussed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=349.37,351.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the process of urbanization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=351.16,353.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A rather innocuous phrase,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=354.69,357.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until one begins to examine it a little more closely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=357.2,360.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the perspective of the humanist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=360.22,362.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The process of urbanization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=364.0,365.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is first of all a demographic process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=365.9,369.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A process of more and more people in the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=369.12,372.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more and more of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=372.62,374.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concentrating in particular places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=374.03,377.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One can see the universal nature of this process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=377.17,379.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by looking at some statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=379.8,381.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1800, only three 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decade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=593.76,596.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lost a net 225,000 people or 6% of its population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=596.81,601.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Really it lost 400,000 white 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Midwest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=681.83,684.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Northeast as a massive population shift moves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=684.98,689.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Sun Belt States from San Clemente to key Biscayne.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=689.96,694.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=697.034,699.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The process of urbanization in its demographic 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decentralized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=871.24,873.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"post-industrial urban sprawl,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=873.9,876.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we call a standard metropolitan statistical 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airplanes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=885.27,887.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I might say the great growth around Chicago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=887.56,890.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"centers in the Northwest O'Hare 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built,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=906.26,908.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where shopping centers develop,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=908.12,910.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where new communities are 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cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=913.966,917.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly California cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=917.24,918.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is a universal pattern present in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=920.15,923.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the state spent $1.2 billion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=923.63,926.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between 1964 and 74 on highways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=926.25,929.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and help create our fastest growing communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=929.88,932.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Urbandale, West Des Moines, Clive and Bettendorf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=932.95,936.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, for the purpose of these remarks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=938.66,940.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to emphasize how technology like demography,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=940.33,944.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"raise problems for the historian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=946.35,948.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the humanist when he looks at cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=948.93,951.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Technology too seems to be a force out of control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=953.01,957.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difficult to get leverage on creating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=957.05,959.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and destroying cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=959.92,961.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The process of urbanization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=962.941,964.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has then with these two variables,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=964.48,967.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a deterministic quality about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=967.15,970.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when one adds other variables,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=970.79,974.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which condition the life and death of cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=974.16,976.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one feels the great diminishing of the possibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=977.39,982.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of maintaining cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=982.19,983.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or great cities as we know them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=983.85,985.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are for instance interrelated class,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=986.83,989.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ethnic, spatial and environmental patterns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=989.98,994.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have the quality of a universal process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=994.34,998.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the history of cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=998.22,999.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I will touch briefly on 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city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1435.72,1437.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the right to build a shopping center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1437.06,1440.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Privatism then like the anonymous forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1441.23,1445.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and privatism isn't so anonymous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1445.24,1447.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know who those people 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race,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1455.94,1458.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"limits the possibility of maintaining cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1458.89,1462.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as effective communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1462.83,1464.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and humane environments in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1464.4,1467.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As central places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1467.92,1469.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where some kind of a civic humanism might flourish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1469.36,1473.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under the pressure of such forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1474.18,1476.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it may well be doubted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1476.61,1478.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether major American cities can survive the 20th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1478.37,1482.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think there's any doubt about Grinnell","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1482.78,1485.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Ames but I think the question of Chicago is very serious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1485.29,1490.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This conclusion I think cannot be accepted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1493.18,1495.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the historian or the humanist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1495.97,1497.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a bit of whistling in the dark","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1501.793,1504.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"history I think is not a determined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1504.7,1508.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close result of anonymous forces and processes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1508.82,1513.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is an open 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action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1520.55,1524.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody who was a humanist has to believe that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1524.17,1527.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are still rural and pre-industrial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1528.444,1531.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have only 27 communities over 10,000 people in this state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1532.1,1536.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only two over a hundred thousand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1537.72,1539.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Highways and motor cars and trucks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1540.96,1543.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and shopping center developers are all around us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1543.15,1546.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just as they are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1546.46,1547.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who would keep our East ends powerless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1547.48,1550.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"poorly educated and unemployed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1550.44,1553.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the prospect in Iowa is good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1553.06,1555.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would think for cities as effective communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1555.18,1558.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it remains a matter of choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1558.62,1560.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Technology will not create such communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1561.47,1565.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor will the private market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1565.69,1567.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor will the government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1567.857,1570.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but individuals can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1570.24,1572.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Fall of Public Man may have occurred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1572.71,1576.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The rise of public woman is just beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1576.04,1578.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without being either facetious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1579.94,1582.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or sentimental about such matters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1582.051,1585.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it fair to conclude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1585.01,1586.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by noting some thoughts of Henry Adams on the historian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1586.587,1591.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this topic of The Possible Rise of Public Woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1591.69,1595.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Adams at the end of the 19th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1596.12,1598.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was bothered very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1599.27,1600.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the deterministic process of history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1600.49,1602.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by forces sort of out of control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1603.817,1606.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He looked for leverage on those processes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1607.3,1611.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think one thing he looked at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1612.58,1613.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the future of a woman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1613.97,1617.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had this feeling that taking analogies from physics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1619.73,1624.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the second law of thermodynamics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1625.12,1626.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and laws of acceleration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1626.9,1628.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"principles of inertia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1628.79,1630.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the historical process is a process in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1630.75,1633.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things with great inertia acquire momentum gradually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1633.85,1638.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then history changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1641.0,1643.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History does change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1643.13,1644.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess that's the point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1644.26,1645.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History isn't a determined and closed system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1645.41,1647.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, Adam's discussed woman as a powerful inertial force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1650.3,1655.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quiescent for centuries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1656.35,1658.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable of awakening to consciousness and power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1658.45,1662.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when once awakened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1662.19,1664.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable of exerting a new influence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1664.12,1666.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the historical process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1666.69,1668.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable of getting leverage on it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1669.18,1670.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capable of changing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1670.94,1672.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I'm not at all sure that is happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1673.48,1676.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it does illustrate the point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1676.41,1678.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna make that history is an open,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1678.3,1681.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not a closed system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1681.87,1683.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is not a necessary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1683.75,1685.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and determined process that change occurs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1685.49,1689.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that one of these changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1689.987,1692.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurring in our own time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1692.34,1694.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whose results we cannot yet imagine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1694.4,1697.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a change in the consciousness of women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1697.68,1700.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what is true of women can be true of men","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1701.55,1704.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just as what is true of the process of history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1704.95,1707.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is true about the process of urbanization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1707.63,1710.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It too, is an open and undetermined affair","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1710.91,1714.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the consciousness of men and women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1714.42,1716.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may have its effect up till now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1716.88,1719.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after all cities have been made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1719.82,1722.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by private autistic men,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1722.24,1724.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not public women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1724.2,1725.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps are cities in their present form need to die","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1726.85,1730.764"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or be reborn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1730.764,1732.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or be succeeded by something better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1732.39,1735.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Public women might produce a new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1735.52,1738.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and better generation of cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1738.1,1740.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public women, and two dollars a gas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1741.57,1744.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two dollars gallon gasoline,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1744.44,1746.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the appropriateness of Janet Abu-Loghod's cry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1747.2,1751.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The city is dead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1751.16,1752.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Long live the city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1752.23,1753.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(students clap)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=1753.767,1756.434"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30100/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/100/original/AV167954_Rostrum_1_a.vtt?1624899242","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/100/original/AV167954_Rostrum_1_a.vtt?1624899242"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30101","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167954_Rostrum_1_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623/transcript/30101/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [lecturer] At this time I have the honor of introducing our keynote speaker for the conference. Dr. Alan Jones is professor of history at Grinnell college. Professor Jones is an Iowan by birth, education and residence. He was born in Newton grew up in Tama and went to college at Grinnell. He left the state momentarily to attend graduate school at the university of Michigan, where he received his PhD in 1960. He had earlier returned to Grinnell college in the department of History, where he has taught various courses in American and European history including a regular course in Comparative Urban History. He apologizes after a fashion, for the quiet rural perspective he has on cities. And admits that on his several trips abroad during sabbaticals to study European cities and new towns. He has preferred to live in quiet English villages, observing cities at a distance. Dr. Jones has been active in civic affairs in Grinnell, serving on the Grinnell city council for five years in the 1960s, participating in local politics as a Democratic County chairman, and as a citizen , involved in questions of planning and zoning low rent housing, recreation and parks, school bond elections, human rights commission, et cetera. We are pleased to have Dr. Jones addresses today on the subject, The City is dead, Long Live the City. Dr. Jones.\r\n\r\n- [Dr. Jones] I'm very pleased to be here. And I apologize a bit for my rural perspective. And I guess, looking at future problems from a purely historical perspective. Henry Ford thought history was bunk but Henry Ford did have a sense of the future. In 1920 surveying the future of his automobile, he made the remark that I can tell you one thing, \"The cities are finished.\" He not only prophesied, he in part contributed to that problem. Well, in talking about the topic of this lecture with some league people earlier in the year, I gathered the general topic would be, Can the American city survive the 20th century? That has been quieted down a bit with the topic, Cities in transition upper hour. I think that the earlier way of putting that question is probably more appropriate. For the last 15 years, historians and economists and other social scientists, concerned with urban problems have raised the question of whether the city, as we know it, not as we know it, I think in Iowa or in Ames, but as we know it nationally and internationally, whether the city as we know it can survive the 20th century. The titles of their articles reveal this. Kenneth Boulding writes specifically of the Death of the city. Melvin Weber writes of the Post city age. Others see the city lingering on in senile in such articles as The city as sandbox or the city as reservation with its bureaucratic custodian. The title I like best is that of a young woman sociologist, Janet Abu-Lughod, The City is Dead, Long Live the City. I've dealt with these questions in recent years, in a course in urban history, looking at American and European cities. A course I might say, which has humanist rather than social science perspectives and which compares American to European cities, particularly London. I believe I understand the concern about the death of cities and I will outline my views and values. How long rather broad historical and humanist lines that I think is one of the guidelines, the Iowa humanities grant board sets for these appearances. And along those lines, I think it may be difficult to find practical solutions or guidelines to public policy in Ames. Hopefully a humanist perspective, he is not irrelevant to those immediate concerns. Cities are individual affairs each with its own quality of uniqueness. They are also very much alike with similar patterns and similar problems. The historian has to look at them both ways. And I want to emphasize in the first instance the similarities between great cities, the patterns of change, which they all seem to have undergone in the last two centuries. Patterns which are often discussed as the process of urbanization. A rather innocuous phrase, until one begins to examine it a little more closely from the perspective of the humanist. The process of urbanization, is first of all a demographic process. A process of more and more people in the world and more and more of them concentrating in particular places. One can see the universal nature of this process by looking at some statistics. In 1800, only three percent of the world population was urban. In 1970, almost 50% of a much larger world population was urban. That may not seem such a major change, but when you break it down to particular nations, the process of change is much greater. In 1800 a little over 10% of the 10 million people of England, could be called urban. Most of them in London. By 1900, a hundred years later, 90% of a population of 40 million was urban. In the United States, in 1870, 25% of 40 million was urban. In 1970, 75% of over 200 million was urban. In Iowa in 1870, 13% of 1.2 million was urban, in 1970 57% of 2.8 million. These demographic changes have a deterministic quality about them. They are phenomena, which just seem to happen and go on happening. Like lemmings going to the sea. They appear to be the result of social and historical forces too powerful for men to control. At least that is my first impression. When I read of the projected population of Mexico city, in the year 2000 at 32 million, or when I read low and high estimates of Calcutta in 2000, at 35 or 55 million. The same impression is present when I take a historical view and wonder what was the human impact of London growing from 900,000 to 4 million in the 19th century. And then again from 4 million to 8 million, between 1900 and 1940. Or when I look at the growth of Chicago from 112,000 to 2.2 million between 1860 and 1900. Growing in one decade of the 1880s from a half a million to a million. A growth rate that occurs in New York city, A every decade approximately throughout the 19th century. These universal processes are still at work, when one looks at the demographic shifts. Massive shifts in older Eastern and Midwestern cities during the 1960s cities which uniformly lost population mostly white. St. Louis losing 20% of its population in those 10 years during the same period, Texas and California cities uniformly across the board increased their population by over 40% growth rates. Examining the statistics of these population movements of the 60s more carefully, one notices other things. St.Louis lost 20% of its population, a net loss of 150,000, really a loss of 250,000 because of black population increase in St. Louis. But the St.Louis standard metropolitan statistical area, grew 11% from 2.1 to 2.3 million. The city of Chicago in the same decade lost a net 225,000 people or 6% of its population. Really it lost 400,000 white people, while gaining about 200,000 non-whites and the Chicago standard metropolitan statistical area increased 700,000 from 6.2 to 6.9 million. I don't wanna bore you with these statistics but I do want to repeat them to have you get the sense of their kind of uniform, the uniform patterns of great demographic shifts occurring in American cities. The pattern I've talked about is evident in Detroit, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Boston, Baltimore New York city, and most other Eastern and Midwestern cities including Des Moines to a much lesser degree. The standard metropolitan statistical areas seem to be alive and well in the 1960s, even though the cities were dying. These movements have continued in the 1970s in older Northeastern and Midwestern cities in this country. Chicago is said to be losing about 60,000 people a year in the 1970s. The most recent reports indicate that even the standard metropolitan statistical areas are beginning to lose population in the Midwest and the Northeast as a massive population shift moves to the Sun Belt States from San Clemente to key Biscayne. The process of urbanization in its demographic aspects then poses central problems for a historian who believes that men make cities and that men make history. Not unseen forces understood only as statistics. The process similarly poses problems for the humanist who believes that the city is a human artifact something created and built by men. And there are other patterns at forces at work in the process of urbanization which similarly seem to diminish man's possibility of creation and control. Closely connected to the process of urbanization, for instance, in acquiring momentum in the same way in the same years since 1800 is the process of industrialization. The connection between urbanization and industrialization is so close or was so close to the 19th century that many urban sociologists and historians simply divide the history of cities into three categories. Pre-industrial, industrial, and post-industrial. The crucial variable in the process of industrialization and its effect on urbanization is the variable of technology. And some would account for the great demographic shifts of the last two centuries by simple reference to technological causes. Above all changes in transportation, communication, and production technology. Certainly the great 19th century cities, Manchester, Birmingham, Chicago, Philadelphia, Cleveland and later Detroit were industrial cities. Cities of the age of steam whose factories produced goods with an infinitely specializing division of labor, and which relied on railroads or steam ships to bring raw workers or raw materials to them, and which relied on railroads or steam ships to send the finished goods out again to the corners of the world. 20th century technological change in transportation, communication and production, the changes of an electric and post-industrial age which substitutes electricity for steam the internal combustion engine of cars and trucks for locomotives, the telephone, television and computers for typewriters and telegraphs. These technological changes help account for such demographic shifts in US cities as have been occurring in the last few decade. When the federal government alone, since 1945, spends $350 billion for highway development, the effect is evident in and around cities and helps explain the emergence of that confused, decentralized, post-industrial urban sprawl, we call a standard metropolitan statistical area. The transportation technology of highways and motor cars and trucks let alone airplanes, and I might say the great growth around Chicago centers in the Northwest O'Hare region. The transportation technology of highways and motor cars and trucks now determine where people live and where businesses are located where new plants are built, where shopping centers develop, where new communities are formed and where old communities die. This is evident at a glance in American cities, particularly California cities but it is a universal pattern present in Iowa where the state spent $1.2 billion between 1964 and 74 on highways and help create our fastest growing communities Urbandale, West Des Moines, Clive and Bettendorf. Well, for the purpose of these remarks, I want to emphasize how technology like demography, raise problems for the historian and the humanist when he looks at cities. Technology too seems to be a force out of control difficult to get leverage on creating and destroying cities. The process of urbanization has then with these two variables, a deterministic quality about it. And when one adds other variables, which condition the life and death of cities, one feels the great diminishing of the possibility of maintaining cities or great cities as we know them. There are for instance interrelated class, ethnic, spatial and environmental patterns that have the quality of a universal process in the history of cities and I will touch briefly on them. As London grew in the 18th and 19th century, a clear spatial pattern emerged. The West end and the East end. Wealth, education, culture, power and civility in the East end. In the West end, poverty, illiteracy, powerlessness and violence in the East end. A neighborhoods differentiated themselves along these lines in American cities in the 19th and 20th centuries, even more so because of the quite uniquely American experience of immigrants and blacks. This process continues to the present those demographic and technological patterns evident in the 1960s that I talked of earlier, are reinforced by a process in which the older central cities of the East and Midwest are marked by poverty and powerlessness, unemployment and welfare poor schools, poor housing, disorder, crime, and blackness. And the new suburbs of the standard metropolitan statistical areas are marked by wealth and power, and good schools and good health and good housing and relative order and whiteness. Race and racism perhaps is the most significant determinant at work in contemporary American urbanization. Well once again, a deterministic pattern this point of cultural, social rather than technological, or simply demographic, emerges in every vital statistic about cities and suburbs controlling and limiting the prospect of human choice and action constraining historical possibility. And these patterns are evident in Iowa with our West sides and our East sides and our North sides and our South sides not terribly evident, but pretty clear in Waterloo. In the process of American urbanization, there has been one other rather unique constraining force. A cultural force that can be called privatism as Sam Bass Warner calls it in his book, The private City. A book which treats Philadelphia, as a model of American cities. Our cities in general have lacked the historical tradition of European cities a tradition dating from pre-industrial patterns of community and civility. A tradition of civic humanism most evident in places like Florence and London. Most of our cities are 19th century cities they're industrial cities. They grow in a century of individualism, a century of economic expansion, a century of technological change, a century of free enterprise capitalism and of the free private market as Warner remarks. Under the American tradition, the first purpose of the citizen is the private search for wealth. The goal of a city is to be a community of private moneymakers from the first moment of bigness from about the mid 19th century on the successes and failures of American cities have depended upon the unplanned outcomes of the private market. The private markets demand for workers its capacities for dividing land for building houses, stores, and factories, and its needs for public services have determined the shape and the quality of America's big cities as individuals Americans have been privatistic and so have our cities Warner's views have been echoed in a new book by the historian Richard Sennett a book aptly called the Fall of Public Man for whom privatism is sort of the narcissism of our society in the 1970s. Like Warner Sennnet laments the tradition of privatism a tradition long supported by American public policy supported by public land policy, by tax policy, by housing policy, by transportation policy a policy long supported by planning and zoning commissions. Privatism is a tradition of values and beliefs close to what most of us understand as the American way of life. It is a tradition I might say in evidence in the discussion of planning in this evening is Ames daily Tribune. Privatism has replaced the idea of a community where men have a secure and common life together in a humane environment with the idea of a city as a private market for privatistic individuals. Most American cities in the 19th century and most American cities today continue with the quality of booster projects. City builders have traditionally been land speculators and real estate developers. Now in the late 20th century, when the old cities buffeted by demographic, technological, racial and environmental forces have deteriorated as private market possibilities, the speculators and developers have moved out to the standard metropolitan statistical area with their shopping centers, their condominiums their real estate tracks, their industrial parks and their fast food parlors. In Iowa this process has been at work and I spokesman for one of the larger developer in the state I must say firm heavily inundated with Grinnell college alumni, general growth properties The spokesman for that firm recently announced that in Iowa the new markets seem to be the middle size towns the larger cities having been developed. Although the question of Sioux city is unclear for general growth properties because in Sioux city the city under a major downtown maintenance project a $10 million effort to save the central downtown area passed a zoning ordinance prohibiting shopping center development on the perimeter of the city, but general growth in its inimitable privatistic way is suing Sioux city for the right to build a shopping center. Privatism then like the anonymous forces and privatism isn't so anonymous. I know who those people are privatism then like the anonymous forces of demography, technology, class and race, limits the possibility of maintaining cities as effective communities and humane environments in this country As central places where some kind of a civic humanism might flourish. Under the pressure of such forces, it may well be doubted whether major American cities can survive the 20th century. I don't think there's any doubt about Grinnell or Ames but I think the question of Chicago is very serious. This conclusion I think cannot be accepted by the historian or the humanist. And this is a bit of whistling in the dark history I think is not a determined close result of anonymous forces and processes. It is an open prospect in which humans make conscious choices and have the potential for individual action. Anybody who was a humanist has to believe that we are still rural and pre-industrial we have only 27 communities over 10,000 people in this state only two over a hundred thousand. Highways and motor cars and trucks and shopping center developers are all around us just as they are those who would keep our East ends powerless poorly educated and unemployed. But the prospect in Iowa is good. I would think for cities as effective communities it remains a matter of choice. Technology will not create such communities nor will the private market nor will the government, but individuals can. The Fall of Public Man may have occurred. The rise of public woman is just beginning without being either facetious or sentimental about such matters I think it fair to conclude by noting some thoughts of Henry Adams on the historian on this topic of The Possible Rise of Public Woman. Henry Adams at the end of the 19th century was bothered very much by the deterministic process of history by forces sort of out of control. He looked for leverage on those processes. And I think one thing he looked at was the future of a woman. He had this feeling that taking analogies from physics the second law of thermodynamics and laws of acceleration principles of inertia that the historical process is a process in which things with great inertia acquire momentum gradually and then history changes. History does change. I guess that's the point. History isn't a determined and closed system. Well, Adam's discussed woman as a powerful inertial force quiescent for centuries capable of awakening to consciousness and power and when once awakened capable of exerting a new influence on the historical process capable of getting leverage on it, capable of changing it. Now I'm not at all sure that is happening but it does illustrate the point. I wanna make that history is an open, not a closed system that it is not a necessary and determined process that change occurs. And that one of these changes occurring in our own time and whose results we cannot yet imagine is a change in the consciousness of women. And what is true of women can be true of men just as what is true of the process of history is true about the process of urbanization. It too, is an open and undetermined affair where the consciousness of men and women may have its effect up till now, after all cities have been made by private autistic men, not public women, perhaps are cities in their present form need to die or be reborn or be succeeded by something better. Public women might produce a new and better generation of cities, public women, and two dollars a gas, two dollars gallon gasoline, that's the appropriateness of Janet Abu-Loghod's cry. The city is dead Long live the city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45604/file/118623#t=0.0,1773.072"}]}]}]}