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often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=29.03,31.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm delighted that tonight we have a chance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=31.58,33.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to focus a bit more specifically on 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then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=150.61,152.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're free to give questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=152.09,155.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and either one will be willing to respond to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=155.05,158.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I encourage us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=158.9,159.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to welcome both Marilyn and Richard this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=159.733,162.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=162.427,165.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Marilyn:\u003c/strong\u003e Greetings of peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=168.33,169.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The topic that we are going to speak on tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=170.97,173.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the title couldn't be more broad if we tried,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=173.36,176.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it includes the whole gamut of human experience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=176.21,178.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is violence and nonviolence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=178.7,181.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And tonight I'll start out, along with all of you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=181.55,185.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and your help setting a framework,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=185.61,188.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a common working description","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=188.35,191.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what we mean by nonviolence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=191.7,193.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I think it will be easier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=193.97,195.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Richard to understand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=195.83,197.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you and your experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=197.65,199.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of nonviolence come to this time together this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=199.71,203.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that will enable him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=203.5,206.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to express and share his practical experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=206.17,210.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and experimenting truth and nonviolence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=210.41,212.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South Africa with us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=212.72,214.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a more connected way with one another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=214.23,217.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like you to take five seconds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=219.89,221.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and silently to yourselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=221.99,224.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"latch onto the first word that comes and flicks to your mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=225.16,229.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in association with the word nonviolence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=229.06,232.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I'd like all of you to just shout those out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=241.27,244.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that we can hear what's in your minds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=244.51,246.839"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you think of this vastly broad topic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=246.839,249.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just call them out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=253.73,254.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"String, love,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=255.62,256.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"energy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=259.45,260.972"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student one:\u003c/strong\u003e Anti nukes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=260.972,261.872"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Marilyn:\u003c/strong\u003e Anti nukes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=261.872,263.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"others?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=264.69,265.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Resistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=270.18,271.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Audience two:\u003c/strong\u003e Peaceful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=273.374,274.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Marilyn:\u003c/strong\u003e Peaceful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=274.3,275.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other connotations?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=278.87,279.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student three:\u003c/strong\u003e Accepting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=282.63,283.541"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Marilyn:\u003c/strong\u003e Accepting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=283.541,285.374"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e  Student four:\u003c/strong\u003e Tension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=286.759,287.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Marilyn:\u003c/strong\u003e Tension.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=287.838,289.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's pretty good description.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=294.95,296.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's almost impossible to define nonviolence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=296.89,300.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people who have taken the principle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=300.22,303.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lifestyle of nonviolence as their own,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=303.36,307.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have spent their life describing that and embodying that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=307.43,310.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their actions and with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=310.77,312.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way they live out their daily lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=313.32,315.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their social and political lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=315.06,316.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as their personal lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=316.69,318.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to share a few words from Gandhi,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=319.34,323.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on his understanding of nonviolence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=323.62,326.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to help us begin to contrast the difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=326.81,329.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between nonviolence as a political tactic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=329.39,333.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which that understanding of nonviolence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=333.11,336.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nonviolent resistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=336.12,340.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been used actually throughout our history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=340.05,343.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on many different occasions in world history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=343.54,346.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nonviolence is a lifestyle which 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way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=360.62,362.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Buddha embodied in a powerful way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=363.93,366.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let's go to Gandhi and 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Merton,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=376.78,381.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ahimsa the Hindu word for nonviolence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=383.02,386.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is for Gandhi the basic law of our 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concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=437.69,441.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because all have come to recognize it as right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=441.45,444.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since ahimsa is in human nature 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bankrupt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=462.15,466.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but threaten humankind with extinction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=466.04,468.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a summary by 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ahimsa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=483.38,486.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may if you like call it unarmed resistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=486.15,489.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to quell riots nonviolently there must be true 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hooligan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=493.67,497.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in its warm embrace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=497.0,499.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Such an attitude cannot be 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history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=726.44,728.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is connected in commi,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=728.8,730.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to communities of non-violence in Brazil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=730.38,732.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States, in Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=732.85,734.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people around the globe who committed to living this life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=734.93,739.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which enhances the freedom of all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=739.09,741.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these few words from Yoder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=743.52,745.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then we will ask Richard to share with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=746.24,748.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has very specific","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=748.97,750.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and concrete experience with nonviolence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=750.09,752.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The existence of a human community dedicated in common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=754.07,757.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a new and publicly scandalous enemy loving way of life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=757.52,761.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is itself a new social fact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=761.63,764.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A heroic individual can crystallize a widespread awareness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=764.71,768.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of need, or widespread admiration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=768.66,771.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only a continuing community dedicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=771.76,774.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a deviant value system of enemy love,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=774.56,777.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can change the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=777.15,778.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think Richard crystallizes some of this for us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=780.04,783.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his experience will crystallize, even more so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=783.14,786.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Richard:\u003c/strong\u003e On the 25th of February, 1980.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=798.69,801.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was sentenced by a military court martial in South Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=801.36,804.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 18 months in prison,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=804.61,807.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the military prison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=807.02,808.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The six months suspended for three years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=808.5,811.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which meant an effective 12 month sentence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=811.12,814.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was for refusing to be inducted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=814.19,816.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the South African military forces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=816.42,818.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for me just, the reasons for my refusal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=819.54,824.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in brief to start off with it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=825.22,826.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then this is what I will elaborate on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=826.25,828.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Were two major streams.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=828.96,831.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The primary stream was that of universal Christian pacifism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=831.16,834.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is, that I believe that life is holy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=836.04,840.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a to take life is to insult God,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=840.43,843.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is part of life, who is life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=843.83,846.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also I believe in the unity of life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=846.87,848.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the interrelatedness of life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=848.9,850.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that if we assault another person or another being,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=850.87,855.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is as if we assault all of creation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=855.09,857.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I did not wish to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=858.64,861.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also I believe in the ethic of love your neighbor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=861.1,866.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being a norm, for living,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=866.06,868.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the team to me that being engaged in military actions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=868.59,871.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which ultimately are of a killing and a destructive nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=871.93,876.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is contradictory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=876.05,877.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the ethic of love.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=877.58,879.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the others major stream,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=879.96,881.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that I saw in South Africa that the military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=881.79,884.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a particular political role to play,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=885.68,888.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is in fact a major pillar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=888.63,890.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a fundamentally unjust political, social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=890.97,893.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=893.85,895.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if I cooperated with the military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=895.61,897.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would in fact be representing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=897.83,899.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perpetuating those injustices, those violences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=899.23,902.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I did not wish to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=902.95,904.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in that sense to my refusal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=904.81,907.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to participate in the military was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=907.2,909.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an act of non-cooperation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=909.79,911.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the violent political structures of South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=911.6,915.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that was for me a concrete action,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=915.58,920.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"embodying the principles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=920.32,922.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I believed in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=922.08,923.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The principles of life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=923.49,925.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my progression to this point was not something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=926.44,930.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which happened overnight or as if I was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=930.15,932.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"born into it as it were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=932.94,934.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My home is just outside of Johannesburg in South Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=935.21,938.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and being brought up in a, very typically white environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=938.71,943.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the living area that I was in the church,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=944.98,947.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm a part of the school that I went to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=947.96,950.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very much conditioned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=951.47,953.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to accept without much questioning the general white norms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=953.46,958.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for culture in South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=958.72,960.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as many of you know I'm sure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=960.37,962.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South Africa where there's a population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=963.17,966.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 26 million people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=966.33,967.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are only 4 million that are white,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=967.57,969.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet those 4 million,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=969.33,970.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have the complete monopoly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=970.99,972.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of political power and economic wealth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=972.7,975.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and being brought up as one of the privileged white people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=975.59,980.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't question that at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=980.18,981.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I would like to just say at this 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mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=985.03,987.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I speak store,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=987.17,988.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a white South African,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=988.43,990.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and do not claim to speak on behalf","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=990.26,992.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all South Africans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=992.63,994.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my particular life experience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=994.26,996.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is quite different to the majority of people in our country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=996.65,1000.215"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I did not came as a state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1000.215,1001.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to speak on their behalf or for them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1001.93,1004.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I speak for myself and for my experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1004.84,1007.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I tend to speak in solidarity of those 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power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1022.88,1024.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the majority of poor people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1024.47,1026.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the background I'm coming from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1026.96,1028.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I was at high school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1028.61,1030.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I received my collar peps to go to the military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1032.02,1034.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and render the compulsory military training,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1034.4,1036.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is by 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activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1050.36,1053.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So your military obligation is actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1053.83,1055.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for quite a lengthy 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cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1643.1,1645.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where when you drop bombs in cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1645.26,1646.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to drop them in the military barracks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1646.46,1648.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It dropped him to on the hospitals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1648.17,1650.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the homes and on the roads and on the 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weapon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1662.13,1663.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which annihilates an entire nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1663.54,1665.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No ways could I see that operating at 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labels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1737.64,1738.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we attach a label to them they're Nazis or communists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1738.72,1741.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or terrorist or fascist or racist or gooks or 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things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1749.25,1750.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They must be destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1750.54,1751.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They must be gotten rid of out of the 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oranges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1764.2,1766.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and walking in the sunshine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1766.11,1767.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like we do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1767.32,1768.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we talk dehumanize people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1768.63,1769.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that is one of the evils really or violence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1769.737,1774.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fact that it cuts down another person's humanity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1774.86,1778.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to me, who, a person who 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grievous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1789.81,1791.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also when we dehumanize another person,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1791.75,1793.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we cut ourselves off from their humanity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1793.9,1796.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we all believe cut ourselves off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1796.65,1797.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from our own humanity as 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I'm sure too, in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1978.04,1981.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet union, in Ghana, in Brazil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=1981.07,1984.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and any other place, in the 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beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2642.41,2644.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And many opportunities to relate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2644.79,2647.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to my other my fellow 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getting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2651.29,2652.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2652.79,2653.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1046","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also in their spirits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2653.623,2655.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1047","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly because that's the way the military oriented,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2655.52,2657.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I said earliest to break down the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2657.83,2660.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their dementia themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2660.03,2661.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And just to get alongside these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2661.88,2663.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and accompanying them really love and care,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2663.44,2665.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for my brothers in that place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2665.42,2666.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was just a very beautiful experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2666.52,2667.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also to be open to them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2667.81,2669.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they reached out and ministered in touch to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2669.61,2672.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After six months","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2673.63,2674.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of being in and out of the such confined business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2674.5,2675.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was due to various kinds of pressures in the public,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2675.83,2679.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the newspapers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2679.66,2680.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Amnesty International took up the case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2680.69,2682.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1061","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hollered other things like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2682.8,2683.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1062","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The military and government actually made a special,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2683.837,2686.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1063","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dispensation where me and another one CEO","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2686.86,2689.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1064","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was in prison","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2689.36,2690.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1065","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a different prison Peter Mall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2690.193,2692.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I'm accepted on an administrative level of CEO's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2692.01,2694.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1067","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which meant that no longer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2694.73,2696.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1068","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we were given the military orders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2696.25,2697.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1069","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no longer were expected to conform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2697.52,2700.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1070","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were just given nonmilitary clothing to wear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2700.6,2702.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1071","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I just worked in the garden for the rest of my sentence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2702.35,2705.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which itself was a very positive thing working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2705.2,2707.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the garden,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2707.11,2708.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being engaged in promoting growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2708.16,2710.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1075","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and healing in retrospect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2710.14,2711.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1076","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I came out of prison on the 23rd of February, 1981,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2711.84,2714.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1077","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just over a year ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2714.68,2715.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in reflecting on my experience in the prison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=2716.83,2719.08"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21150/annotation/1079","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/150/original/AV203241_Violence_or_Nonviolence_a.vtt?1608541913","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/150/original/AV203241_Violence_or_Nonviolence_a.vtt?1608541913"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21151","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203241_Violence_or_Nonviolence_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431/transcript/21151/annotation/1080","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Keith] Good evening, welcome to y'all. I'm Keith Shrug and I'm happy to welcome you on behalf of Amos Mennonite Fellowship Amos Peace Network. And the evening lecture is co-sponsored by the committee on lectures. We're aware of, many issues around peace and violence within our world, in our community, in our country, and within ourselves often. And I'm delighted that tonight we have a chance to focus a bit more specifically on peace, or violence and non-violence. With us are two people, one a local person that many of us already know, Marilyn Fenn, who has come to Iowa from Washington State, to be a special worker with Mennonite voluntary service and the local Mennonite fellowship, for peace and justice, and is working out of the Loaves and Fishes Hospitality House, on Knapp's street. Our special guest has just arrived this afternoon, is on a tour of the youth of the United States these few months, speaking from the context of his own interests and experience, as a citizen, a young citizen of South Africa, who's convinced and convicted, on the issues of peace, and who in many ways as late as life on the line, and served in prison for that. We'll be speaking out of that particular historical context. Since last July Richard Steele, has been, traveling the world on behalf of peace. He was just saying that he was part of their, march in Amsterdam, in January?\r\n\r\n- [Richard] November.\r\n\r\n- In November, part of that 400,000 people who were demonstrating for peace. He also spent some time with International Fellowship of Reconciliation working for peace, in Brazil. He's touring, through the auspices currently of Mennonite Central Committee, peace section United States peace section. And in May we'll be touring with a, Fellowship of Reconciliation, and then this fall we'll be, enrolled in a year's graduate study, in peace. Marilyn will be, speaking to us first, laying a bit more framework, for our evenings consideration. And then Richard will follow with his more personalized, reflection. Following that then, we're free to give questions, and either one will be willing to respond to them. I encourage us to welcome both Marilyn and Richard this evening.\r\n\r\n- [Marilyn] Greetings of peace. The topic that we are going to speak on tonight, the title couldn't be more broad if we tried, it includes the whole gamut of human experience, and that is violence and nonviolence. And tonight I'll start out, along with all of you and your help setting a framework, and a common working description of what we mean by nonviolence, and then I think it will be easier for Richard to understand, where you and your experience of nonviolence come to this time together this evening. And I think that will enable him to express and share his practical experience and experimenting truth and nonviolence in South Africa with us, in a more connected way with one another. I'd like you to take five seconds and silently to yourselves, latch onto the first word that comes and flicks to your mind in association with the word nonviolence. Now I'd like all of you to just shout those out, so that we can hear what's in your minds when you think of this vastly broad topic. Just call them out. String, love, energy,\r\n\r\n- [Student one] Anti nukes.\r\n\r\n- [Marilyn] Anti nukes, others? Resistance,\r\n\r\n- [Audience two] Peaceful.\r\n\r\n- [Marilyn] Peaceful. Other connotations?\r\n\r\n- [Student three] Accepting.\r\n\r\n- [Marilyn] Accepting.\r\n\r\n- [ Student four] Tension.\r\n\r\n- [Marilyn] Tension. It's pretty good description. I think it's almost impossible to define nonviolence, and people who have taken the principle, and a lifestyle of nonviolence as their own, have spent their life describing that and embodying that with their actions and with, the way they live out their daily lives, and their social and political lives, as well as their personal lives. I would like to share a few words from Gandhi, on his understanding of nonviolence, and to help us begin to contrast the difference between nonviolence as a political tactic, which that understanding of nonviolence and nonviolent resistance, has been used actually throughout our history and on many different occasions in world history. But nonviolence is a lifestyle which includes and embraces the use of nonviolent political tactics. Is something which Gandhi embodied in a powerful way, which Martin Luther King jr embodied in a powerful way, which Jesus embodied in a powerful way, Buddha embodied in a powerful way. So let's go to Gandhi and here, part of his description, of nonviolence. First an interpretation of Gandhi via Thomas Merton, ahimsa the Hindu word for nonviolence. Is for Gandhi the basic law of our being. That is why it can be used as the most effective principle for social action. Since it is in deeper chord with the truth of human nature and corresponds to our innate desire for peace, justice, order, freedom and personal dignity. Since himsa or violence degrades and corrupts human beings, to meet force with force and hatred with hatred, only increases our progressive degeneration. Nonviolence on the contrary heals and restores human nature, while giving as a means to restore social order and justice. Ahimsa is not a policy for the Seizure of Power. It is a way of transforming relationships. So as to bring about a peaceful transfer of power, affected freely and without compulsion by all concerned, because all have come to recognize it as right. Since ahimsa is in human nature itself, it can be learned by all. Though Gandhi is careful to state that he does not expect everyone to practice it perfectly. However, all people should be willing to engage in the risk and the wager of ahimsa, because violence policies have not only proved bankrupt, but threaten humankind with extinction. That's a summary by Merton and a few specific words from Gandhi. Nonviolence that merely offers civil resistance to the authorities and goes no further. Scarcely deserves the name ahimsa. You may if you like call it unarmed resistance, to quell riots nonviolently there must be true ahimsa in one's heart, and ahimsa that takes even the earring hooligan in its warm embrace. Such an attitude cannot be cultivated. It can only come as a prolonged and patient effort, which must be made during peaceful times. There would be member of a peace brigade, should come into close touch and cultivate acquaintance with the so-called Ghunda or hooligan elements in their vicinity. They should know and be known to all and win the hearts of all by living a selfless service. No section should be regarded as too contemptible to mix with. Hooligan do not drop from the sky, nor do they spring from the earth like evil spirits. They are the product of social disorganization, and society is therefore responsible for their existence. Let everyone who is interested in removing this disease, make a prompt beginning in their own neighborhood. Martin Luther King jr was a student of Gandhi. And when he was a young man in seminary, began to read the works of Gandhi and became grasped by the concept of nonviolence, as a way of bringing an awareness of the injustice in our culture, to the awareness of our general public here. And he made a distinction which many people who would advocate the very same thing, equal rights for minorities and black people especially this country. His distinction was that love should be the guiding, ideal. And he began the bus boycott in Montgomery with these words. love must be a regulating ideal, once again we must hear the words of Jesus echoing across the centuries. Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, and pray for them that despitefully use you. If you will protest courageously, and yet with dignity and Christian love. When history books are written and future generations, the historians will have to pause and say, there lived a great people, a black people, who injected new meaning and dignity into the veins of civilization. This is our challenge and our overwhelming responsibility. King did not live this ideal on his own, it took people committed to the same concept and the same way of working for justice. That was true also of Gandhi and his work for the liberation of India from the political system of the British Empire. So there's a communal aspect to all nonviolent resisters, to the living out of a nonviolent lifestyle, that oftentimes when the notoriety of a certain person, who lives by that principle in what some might call a rather extreme situation, such as conscientious objection, that the communal reality and aspect of that, political and personal act is often not seeing. Oftentimes that dimension is lost by the reporting and the press, and the writing of the history books. We tend to focus in Western civil way civilization, to a great degree on personalities, and not so much on the communal aspects of movements in history. John Howard Yoder, and a book called \"Nevertheless,\" which describes 25 different varieties of nonviolence of pacifism. Talks about this communal concept, and in speaking with Richard this afternoon as we were driving from the airport, I have a deep sense that, he feels very much the communal aspect to nonviolence and that what he has done is not one individuals stand alone in history, but that he stands with many people in history, and is connected in commi, to communities of non-violence in Brazil, in the United States, in Europe, people around the globe who committed to living this life, which enhances the freedom of all. So these few words from Yoder, and then we will ask Richard to share with us. He has very specific and concrete experience with nonviolence. The existence of a human community dedicated in common to a new and publicly scandalous enemy loving way of life, is itself a new social fact. A heroic individual can crystallize a widespread awareness of need, or widespread admiration. Only a continuing community dedicated to a deviant value system of enemy love, can change the world. I think Richard crystallizes some of this for us, and his experience will crystallize, even more so.\r\n\r\n- [Richard] On the 25th of February, 1980. I was sentenced by a military court martial in South Africa to 18 months in prison, in the military prison. The six months suspended for three years, which meant an effective 12 month sentence. And that was for refusing to be inducted into the South African military forces. And for me just, the reasons for my refusal, in brief to start off with it then this is what I will elaborate on. Were two major streams. The primary stream was that of universal Christian pacifism. And that is, that I believe that life is holy, and a to take life is to insult God, who is part of life, who is life. And also I believe in the unity of life, the interrelatedness of life, so that if we assault another person or another being, it is as if we assault all of creation. And I did not wish to do that. Also I believe in the ethic of love your neighbor as being a norm, for living, and the team to me that being engaged in military actions, which ultimately are of a killing and a destructive nature, that is contradictory, to the ethic of love. And then the others major stream, was that I saw in South Africa that the military, has a particular political role to play, that it is in fact a major pillar, of a fundamentally unjust political, social and economic system. And if I cooperated with the military, I would in fact be representing and perpetuating those injustices, those violences, and I did not wish to do so. So in that sense to my refusal to participate in the military was, an act of non-cooperation with the violent political structures of South Africa. So that was for me a concrete action, embodying the principles, which I believed in. The principles of life. And my progression to this point was not something which happened overnight or as if I was, born into it as it were. My home is just outside of Johannesburg in South Africa, and being brought up in a, very typically white environment in terms of the living area that I was in the church, that I'm a part of the school that I went to, very much conditioned, to accept without much questioning the general white norms, for culture in South Africa. And as many of you know I'm sure, in South Africa where there's a population of 26 million people, there are only 4 million that are white, and yet those 4 million, have the complete monopoly, of political power and economic wealth, and being brought up as one of the privileged white people. I didn't question that at all. And I would like to just say at this point to that as I speak now, it's important for you to bear in mind that I speak store, as a white South African, and do not claim to speak on behalf of all South Africans. And my particular life experience, is quite different to the majority of people in our country. And I did not came as a state to speak on their behalf or for them, I speak for myself and for my experience. And I tend to speak in solidarity of those people, but nevertheless because of these massive differences in South Africa, and generally it's a as difference which is mirrored in many other parts of the world basically a difference between people with wealth and power, and then the majority of poor people, that is the background I'm coming from. And when I was at high school, I received my collar peps to go to the military, and render the compulsory military training, which is by law, what each white male from the age of 17 years old must render. And that is two years of continuous military training. And then for the next 10 years, for one month each year, I camp or further military activities. So your military obligation is actually for quite a lengthy period. And that military obligation is not just, in some kind of theoretical exercise out in the bush somewhere. It is in fact being engaged in war, because there is a growing civil war in South Africa. I, a gorilla war which is largely at the moment confined to the Northern borders of South Africa, but it's increasingly becoming prevalent right through arts, the geographical region. And so going to the military in South Africa is the same as going to war. And that is the... that is compulsory for all white males as I was saying. And I was quite proud actually that I was gonna be going to the military, after all I would be defending my country, defending my church, defending my family, and also in the military I would be learning all kinds of things like I'd be learning discipline and independence and learn how to become a man, all these kinds of whatever that might mean. All these kinds of conditioning processes which were coming at me through the education system, and through the media and to an extent through my church as well. And there weren't any questions being asked by myself or too many other people in my environment. So I was quite willing to go and be part of that whole military thing. As it turned out I did not go to the military straight out of high school and that was because I was accepted on exchange program, to the United States, in 1975 and spent a year in a high school, in a town called Cortland in upstate New York. And that was just a very crucial time for me when I think back on it now because it gave me an opportunity to reflect back, on my situation in South Africa on our situation in South Africa, come to new perspectives. I'm sure many of you have had the same experience, where you go to another place, a different culture. I needn't even be in a different land, but just in a different for instance, if you go to Los Angeles or you go to New Orleans, or you go to Montreal, even those places are different to here to Ames, Iowa, and being in a different place, helps you it throws your background into relief as it were and you ask questions about your background. And that's what happened with me, asking questions, about my background in South Africa, beginning to, ask questions about thee justice, and thee nature, of our society. And also what was crucial for me during that year was the deepening of my Christian faith. And that was a crucial development which at that point, I had very great meaning for my entire life, being in that new situation in Cortland, being exposed to new ideas, new people, new experiences, just trying to figure out what was the continuity in my life at that point between my old situation my new. It came to me that in fact my relationship to God, to Jesus Christ was really crucial in integrating these new things, in some are making sense, of them. So when I went back to South Africa, and went back to university in Cape town, that was the pattern by which I sought to live, making sense again of that situation in the light of my faith and the growings that I was coming to as a human being. And 1976 was really a crucial year for me in my growth again but also for our country. It was a year in which, there were very serious clashes between the police, and the majority of people in our country. It was a year in which there were massive civil uprising sparked off, by school children in the Black City of Soweto, which is like the white twin city to Johannesburg. And school children who had decided that the education they were receiving was of a discriminatory and an unfair and unjust type as compared with the white system, and that they were in fact being prepared, by the whites merely to be economic mechanisms in the process of society, where the education is not, from the white point of view any kind of altruism, but rather just a co-option of the black people into the wider economic system. And they were reacting against that and primary school children high school, children going out on strike, boycotting, their classes, and then on the 16th of June, they were gathered outside one of the schools in Soweto, and the police came and no one's even sure now what the exact provocation was but the police opened fire and many school children were killed. And that was the spark, which ignited a massive brush fire of social unrest, in our country for many months of 1976. And as I was seeing this happening, I mean for a start I was still in my university white suburb, ivory tower kind of thing. I wasn't the one directly being affected by all of this, but I was seeing it happening, I was reading it in newspapers, I was talking to people engaged in both sides, talking to black people, talking to white people, needing to come to some kind of a meaning and some kind of sense of what is going on. I was for instance reading, in the Bible which was playing a crucial role in my life and my growth, and reading and other places about thee, the humanist of the humanization of love, of forgiveness, of caring, of healing relationships between people. And what I was seeing in my social reality, the reality around me in South Africa was the exact opposite. What I was seeing was violence, and hatred and destruction, of people on a physical and psychological level. And it seemed to me there was this massive contradiction, between what I was feeling deeply within myself, what I was reading in the scriptures, what I was feeling was truth, and what was happening around me. And you need to actually grapple with this question, nonviolence violence, meaning, meaninglessness, justice, injustice, It wasn't any more just intellectual analysis for an essay or for some seminar presentation. But I was being demanded. A response was being demanded of me in our community. And most particularly because of the military conscription, which was looming at for me. And in trying to grapple with these contradictions, speaking with people, sharing together with other people, reading, and praying to, and really trying to listen and understand what was going on inside of me. It did become clear to me that in fact the truth, is in goodness. It is in friendship. It is in healing relationships between people. Surely that is what we're intended for, is to be community where we are enabling one another to grow to fullness because that is the way, it is intended for us is to love in fullness. And the kind of relationships been displayed, in society around me were an aberration, in fact, from the norm, from what is intended. And having come to realize that and feel that deeply within me, and the challenge was to live that art, to embody that, how could I? In the South African society, in my situation as a university student as a white, as a male, as all these kinds of, parts of society, how could I in fact embody the principles of wholeness of peace and promote reconciliation at all levels, and non-cooperate in fact with the kinds of violence, which is destroying people in their bodies and in the dignity and our country, and what crystallized that resistance as it were, was this issue of military training. Again because this was making a direct demand on me, and looking at the border society, I was able to see the injustices operating out there. I was able to see thee suffering of the working people. Many of whom do not have any kind of trade union or representation, have no rights in the legal sense in the workplace. I seeing how many of these people were being paid maybe $195 a month. That's the medium wage, the median wage, for black workers in South Africa. And many times that will be the only source of income for a family. Seeing high in some of the rural areas, 50% of children died before the age of five years old. And this is in a wealthy country, a country where there are minerals, there's agricultural wealth available for all, if there is such poverty to the injustice of that. And yet those things were kind of outside in a sense that it wasn't my children who were starving. I was not being paid $195 a month. I was not a worker with that trade union representation. These are all fairly intellectual things as it were, but the military were making a demand on me, on my body as it were they were wanting me on that line in the military. And I had to grapple with this and make some commitment, in a personal way, to the principles I was believing in, and to thee human truth that I was discovering and attempting to live at. And the very simple question that I asked myself initially, and it seems very simple and very naive, and it has deeply radical meanings, was if Jesus Christ, got his collar papers to going to the South African military forces, and train with them, in fact with any military forces, what do you respond to those papers and join? And I could not, I could not imagine, that to be the case. I couldn't imagine, Jesus Christ putting on that uniform, and going through the inhuman training, which is part of any military system particularly in those initial months, the boot camp type experience. Running around and screaming and shouting and developing attitudes of hatred, and of dehumanization towards other people, shooting at targets that are shaped like human beings, slitting sandbags open with bayonets, in practice for setting up in people's stomachs, then actually being engaged in warren and killing people, or maybe not killing them just, making them crippled for life, or maiming them in some way like that. Dropping bombs on cities, where when you drop bombs in cities, you're going to drop them in the military barracks. It dropped him to on the hospitals, on the homes and on the roads and on the schools, and on installations which serve people, which enable people to grow to full humanist in community, or maybe Jesus Christ pressing the button of that nuclear weapon, which annihilates an entire nation. No ways could I see that operating at all, in Jesus Christ's life. In fact, it seemed to me that the truth of Jesus Christ was in healing, when we look at his life, we see how he enabled people who were suffering in brokenness, whether it be in the bodies, in the spirits, in their minds, to come to wholeness, to come to liberation. And this is what he also taught the people who are living with him and following him that they too were to be engaged in healing activities in their lives. And this then if I was seeking to follow Christ and that's what I was seeking to do, I think that is simply what discipleship means as it were, then surely for me too much service would be antithetical, with these ways. And so that was the point at which I decided no, on that level there's no ways I can join the military. And then I try to work that art to flesh that art as it were, what does it mean? What is the role of the military? And just seeing the physical destruction of the military, seeing the psychological destruction, which the military reeks in people's lives and the lives of the soldiers that they're trained as well as the lives of the people that go against. The fact that you can only kill, if you dehumanize, so they're no longer people, people but there are objects, which would just give labels, we attach a label to them they're Nazis or communists or terrorist or fascist or racist or gooks or whatever. There're object to our threat to our particular world. We are a threat to our way of doing things. They must be destroyed. They must be gotten rid of out of the way. We do not anymore see them, as people, who could be sisters or fathers or wives or lovers or uncles, people who enjoy eating oranges and walking in the sunshine, just like we do, we talk dehumanize people. And I think that is one of the evils really or violence, the fact that it cuts down another person's humanity. And to me, who, a person who believes in the sanctity of life. That is in fact a direct insult to the creator as well, who's resident within each person. And that is to me very grievous. And also when we dehumanize another person, when we cut ourselves off from their humanity, we all believe cut ourselves off from our own humanity as well. Because it's only in community, it is only in relationship that we can experience, what love is, what it is to be giving, and to receiving, to serve. And this too is the tragedy of the apartheid system in South Africa. The fact that it separates people, and cut people off from each other, from the richness, which people have, which in South Africa is specifically forbidden by law to be shared. And this too is a conal, in military, is the dehumanization of the soldiers and the opponents as it were. And then to the inappropriate use of resources, the kind of natural resources, which the military sacks into their machine, which and those things which they create in themselves, or unproductive, you think of the pilot, the Trident submarine one comma $8 billion worth, of technology and raw materials, which in itself is talking and productive. And if it is used and God forbid that it is ever used, just think of the destruction that it can wreak. And think of the skills which are put into those kinds of things intellectual skills of research, the physical skills, the hand making skills of building things, et cetera. Those skills which are used to create instruments of death, which could be used to create life, to build housing for people to build roads, to build hospitals, to build public transport systems, to build clean water systems for people, in poorer areas where so many children died just because of dysentery. And that is because of unclean drinking water. And again as a Christian I believe in the concept of stewardship, the fact that we are to being responsible, relationships, with the natural order and with our own skills to and our own talents, our own gifts. They're to be used for the service, of our sisters and brothers for this, for the upbuilding of the Commonwealth of God and to the glory of people, in themselves and as they are in God. And it seems to me that the military is an abomination of that concept. And then two, seeing the political role of the military, seeing the broader context of violence, that violence is not only limited to physical violence of assault with a knife or with a gun or with a bomb, but that violence also is inherent within structures, the kind of structures which cause people, certain peoples to live in poverty, even though there is no reasonable reason for that to occur, which insults people in their worthwhileness their self perception in their dignity. And in South Africa, we have such a system, a political system, and a South Africa is a classic situation, a classic national security state as it were. So it's Chile, so Argentina, Uruguay, El Salvador at the moment, Poland and many other East European black countries. And Poland is a classic example, where the military is called in to enforce, the particular world view of the leaders, the leader that is in power, to force it upon the majority of people. And that is the bottom line of any military installation anywhere in the world. it conserve power, in the hands of those that are ruling. And South Africa it is obviously the case, but it is also the case. I'm sure too, in the United States, in the Soviet union, in Ghana, in Brazil, and any other place, in the world. And so for that reason too, I did not wish to be part of the military, 'cause that would be an extension, of a particular violence system. So I was coming to all these things seeking to, make this understanding what is, it that all the dynamics in our society of violence and non-violence, what is the nature of violence? And as a person committed to nonviolence, how can I best address those violences? And it teemed to me that a conscientious objection, or resistance to the military structures in our country, it was a pertinent form of resistance to the broader violence in our society. So that when I was on trial on that date, the 25th of February, 1980, 1980. That was an opportunity for me to publicly say no to the kind of violence, the kind of militarism that is, existing in our society in South Africa. And to publicly say yes to kind of system which is based on healing and sharing, on caring, on cooperation, on nurturance, on seeking to bring out what is good, and what is best in people and to live in just and peaceful relations with people. So that, that trial became a public statement for me, on these issues, and I felt it was important to do that to challenge the authorities in our country but also to challenge my fellow citizens. Because in South Africa all the people are being caught up in the spiral of violence, whether it be in a press or a revolutionary manner, on the left wing or the right wing, people have been getting caught into this massive big spiral, massive machine. And violence operates on the left, and on the right in the same way, the dynamics of bonds is consistent right across the spectrum. The dehumanization which is necessary operates, from both perspectives. And some are wanting to just push through, that stagnation or that being locked on the level of violence, pushing through to some alternative manner of resolving the kinds of conflict over injustice in our country. And to do that in a public way. And to do that and to show that yes surely, is another way of living, another way of, of dealing with these issues. And it was a fairly new issue in our country as well, up until at the end of 1978, there had not been any mainstream CEO's in our prisons. There were many Jehovah's witnesses in prison, and they're faithfully been war resisters throughout their history. And I have a tremendous respect for them and for that. But other people that had in South Africa, come to conclusion that this military service would be untenable for them, for reasons of conscience. Many of them in fact all in after 1978, would have left South African gone into exile in another place or political asylum. Mainly Europe, but there are also some here in the United States. And through the leaving of the country making a political statement in that way. But nobody up until as I said in the 1978 had actually stayed and gone through the prison system. Because there is no recognized legal alternative, to much service in our country. There is no formal attentive service that can be rented for instance. So the options basically are leave the country or go through prison. And up until the time that I became a CEO in January, or February, 1980. There had not been anybody who'd resisted military service from the start. The two people who were CEOs before me, had both done their basic military training in the later come to awareness as it were and refused to do a camp. And the two were operating from, the perspective of adjust war, in the sense that they were not making a statement about war in general, but just about the particular war in South Africa. So I was one of the first people to make a statement on the grounds of a universal pessimism and to the whole training process right from the start. And was kind of unknown, territory for me. I had no idea really what, their present experience would be like, to know because there weren't any other people to reflect on that thing. And it was an option for me to leave as well. But I decided to stay. One of the reasons is that I felt was important to make that public stand, that public witness which I mentioned earlier. But also if I had left South Africa at that point and start political asylum in another place, I would have forfeited my South African citizenship, which meant that I could not have gone back to South Africa as long as the present government it is in power. And I feel that I'm, I feel very committed to the people of our country and to the future of our country. And I wish to be working alongside my fellow South Africans, for justice and for peace, inside the country, in solidarity with the people there. And so I did not feel that leaving the country and isolating myself from the grassroots as we're in South Africa would be a legitimate response for me. And then also there was just a point of integrity from the point of view that I was coming to say these things and believe these things about nonviolence for instance and it was important to embody those principles and leaving the country at that point might've been an avoidance of the issues. Well, what I was charged with at the court, was failing to report without good reason. And I pleaded not guilty to that because I felt I had very good reasons for not going to the military, and I outlined them to you earlier, and also took the opportunity to outline them to the court, particularly wanting to bring home to the court. That my objection was not only to physical violence, to war as such but to all kinds of violence, physical, psychological and structural, all led to humanizes people, and because that is antithetical to the calling that I feel which is towards peace and towards wholeness. And that in fact my resistance to the military was arising out of the, a lifestyle commitment, to nonviolence, to live in all dimensions of my life in a manner which is promoting life rather than taking it. And also to say quite clearly that I felt that part of being a peacemaker is the pursuit of justice, and that thee military forces are appalling an injustice system and I couldn't participate in that. I was sentenced to a military prison, and that was because I was not accepted as a person of conscience but disregarded by the military as a regular soldier. And the military president is a place where soldiers go, who have, made some kind of a misdemeanor rather within the military. The majority of people who there for absent without leave AWOL. Which means that at some point that made a personal choice to leave, without permission. And of course the military is premised upon the fact of unconditional total and critical obedience. A military system cannot operate without that obedience. And these individuals at a 10 point made a personal choice. So they were slammed into this prison. And the whole point of that prison was to break down and crush that individual spirit. And once again conform them, to this mess obedience, to conform them to the worldview of the leaders of the hierarchy of the elite in the military. And so the whole physical and psychological environment of that prison, was orientated towards that end of breaking down, the people in the spirits and very many cases too in their bodies, and that was a very hard place to be. And they expected me to, to behave like a soldier. They expected me to march, to stand at attention, to salute, to wear the military uniform, et cetera. And I refuse to do those things because they were all totally in contradiction with my conscience and with my principles. So every time I was ordered, to do a military thing, I would say no, which then would elicit of course a terrain of shorting and of abuse, coming down my head, all kinds of threats and sign. And which was quite hard to handle. It just, the vitriolic vibrations that I used to get from the people initially itinerary was really very hard to cope with. And yet when I had finished, I would explain to them what it was that I, why I was saying no, because I believe in fact in the way of gentleness, in the way of affirmation of human life. And that in fact I seek to be in friendship with the particular officer that might've been giving me those orders, and I was not saying no to him as a person, but just to the system that he was representing and to him as a soldier. But as a person I sought of ferment and to be in relationship with him, which of course was a shift which the military people couldn't make. They could not deal with this being in a human relationship and yet being very different on a sort of a superficial level. And so what I used to do with the guard, I used to look for ways of relating to them, on a human level, relating to them on an issue which is not a partisan type issue. And the one person particularly the Sergeant major who, right at the start, was really very harsh, and was a proverbial thorn in the flesh as it were. I discovered that he liked gardening, that enjoyed gardening. And whenever I got the chance in the prison I used to work in the gardens as well. So I, decided that if I had any questions about my gardening, I would go and ask him, so I would ask him, how what's the best way of pruning the roses? And when should you plant the seed? What's the best time? And how should you go back and watering them? What's the rhythm and that kind of thing. And then he would explain to me, and he had an amazing amount of knowledge about gardening. It was really good to learn from him in this respect, and we be talking about gardening. And the differences that separate us up and lead point would disappear because no longer was I, some kind of a, an extreme person out on that one end of the spectrum and no longer was he just a military person with a uniform of facade metals and all this kind of thing. We were people talking about gardening. And it was really beautiful because after we made that contact, after we established that bridge, there was no ways he could shout at me anymore, or call me names, because I was a person to him, not just an object anymore. And it was just beautiful to develop that relationship and many others, that I had the opportunity to do in the prison. What happened legally whenever I refused an order was I'd be charged with failing to bail law for military command and would then be brought before a summary trial and sentenced to solitary confinement. And that would be for 14 days at a stretch, which is the maximum period. I would come out after 14 days. They would again ordered me to do the same thing and I would again refuse, and would be placed back in such confinement. And this went on for six months and I was out of confinement, which was very difficult to psychologically and emotionally to cope with that kind of isolation. And of course that's the whole point of prison in the first place is to punish you for your individuality, and social conformity in particular, is to punish you for your differentness, for your otherness, to put you in a kind of place where you start bad, you need acceptance, that you conform to the general mode, of reality in the place. And that was something which was really pressurizing me and your deep down, I never doubted the position that I was in. I never doubted the truth, of Love and of nonviolence. And even in the midst of the kind of pain which there was, there was the deep inner peace and wholeness, and consistency within myself which is really beautiful and which is very strengthening. And in fact there were opportunities which led to tremendous growth within myself. My understanding of guide, my understanding of my fellow human beings. And many opportunities to relate to my other my fellow prisoners. Many of them were really hurting, physically because the treatment they're getting in the place, but also in their spirits, particularly because that's the way the military oriented, as I said earliest to break down the people in their dementia themselves. And just to get alongside these people and accompanying them really love and care, for my brothers in that place was just a very beautiful experience and also to be open to them, as they reached out and ministered in touch to me. After six months of being in and out of the such confined business. There was due to various kinds of pressures in the public, in the newspapers, Amnesty International took up the case, and hollered other things like that. The military and government actually made a special, dispensation where me and another one CEO who was in prison in a different prison Peter Mall, where I'm accepted on an administrative level of CEO's, which meant that no longer where we were given the military orders, no longer were expected to conform. We were just given nonmilitary clothing to wear and I just worked in the garden for the rest of my sentence. Which itself was a very positive thing working in the garden, being engaged in promoting growth and healing in retrospect. When I came out of prison on the 23rd of February, 1981, just over a year ago, in reflecting on my experience in the prison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103431#t=0.0,2729.66531"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On my experience of the violence done to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=7.45,10.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had never been physically abused in a violent manner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=10.22,13.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but just the psychological violence of that place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=13.27,15.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and seeing the brokenness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=15.64,17.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which violence brings in people's lives around me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=17.0,18.758"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It just confirmed in me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=18.758,20.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my commitment to non violence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=20.58,22.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to way which is 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manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=177.891,182.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, that is the kind of process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=182.614,185.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I would like to be part of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=185.61,187.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I go back to South Africa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=187.22,189.106"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To be in solidarity there with my sisters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=189.106,191.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and brothers working together for a community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=191.55,193.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we can all be sharing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=193.87,195.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where we can, in fact, be living in peace, and in justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=196.9,200.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that ends the sort of formal input as it were,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=200.679,205.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have some time now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=205.71,209.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we end this section","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=209.2,210.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and understand that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=210.55,211.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there'll be an opportunity to dialogue further","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=211.59,213.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at some people's house close by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=213.7,215.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we'll get into that a bit later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=215.72,216.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's a chance now for you to respond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=216.9,219.623"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21152/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/152/original/AV203241_Violence_or_Nonviolence_b.vtt?1608541918","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/021/152/original/AV203241_Violence_or_Nonviolence_b.vtt?1608541918"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21153","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203241_Violence_or_Nonviolence_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432/transcript/21153/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- On my experience of the violence done to me I had never been physically abused in a violent manner, but just the psychological violence of that place and seeing the brokenness, which violence brings in people's lives around me. It just confirmed in me my commitment to non violence to way which is homemaking, and to peacemaking as a way of living for myself in my personal relationships, but also in my blood relationships in society and for society as a whole. And I really felt very strongly that I would like to work in this realm in this dimension as my life's activity. And so my opportunities that I've had now to travel and visited places like Brazil and Europe, and now here in North America, is not only an occasion to share my experiences, but also to learn from what other people are dealing with the issues of violence, and injustice in their own communities, and in the broader society. And to gain the kind of knowledge and skills which enabled me to go back to South Africa, and in that place, work for a kind of society where we can all indeed be sharing and giving and being in just relations with one another. And I believe that in South Africa, they are very exciting dimensions and rooms open to radical nonviolent action for social change. Certainly one of the dynamics in the whole context is armed revolution. And that is what many people have chosen as an expression of their commitment to justice. And yet, the fact is, you cannot arm every single oppressed person in the country. There are 22 million black people in South Africa. There's no ways you can arm the whole black nation as it were. The only way to engage the mass of people is through non violence. And this is being done on a practical level. For instance, in trade unions, trade unions are beginning to operate in a very strong and a powerful manner. mobilizing the working people to understand the nature of the oppression in the workplace, and to move for change in simple things like wage structures and living conditions, but also in terms of power sharing within the industrial scene. Other tools like boycotts are products of companies, which have discriminatory employment policies or labor relations, that there is a way to engage a majority of people's various kinds of non cooperation, civil disobedience too are open to an increasing number of people in the churches are quite at the forefront of these kinds of activities. And there is a real movement towards social change in our country with techniques of non violence. The fact is that it is not always entered into from a philosophical point of view, they will not all refer to themselves as pacifist. In fact, very few people would. But non violence as a practical effective means for social change, as the only way available to majority of people, in fact, is being grasped by people in an exciting manner. And, that is the kind of process which I would like to be part of, when I go back to South Africa. To be in solidarity there with my sisters and brothers working together for a community where we can all be sharing. Where we can, in fact, be living in peace, and in justice. Well, that ends the sort of formal input as it were, and we have some time now, before we end this section and understand that there'll be an opportunity to dialogue further at some people's house close by and we'll get into that a bit later. But there's a chance now for you to respond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/34589/file/103432#t=0.0,225.48898"}]}]}]}