{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/vd6nz81c10/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Edwards, Harry, The Orwellian World of Modern Sport"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203368 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Orwellian World of Modern Sport is a February 17, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Harry Edwards. Harry Edwards discusses the role of sports in society and how African Americans are often encouraged to participate in sp","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Jim:\u003c/strong\u003e Ferris Institute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=5.11,6.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My name is Jim Dubin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=6.37,7.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm one of the students on the committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=7.46,9.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight you're privileged because I don't have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=10.79,13.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to read a list of tomorrow's speeches and films.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=13.62,17.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But to replace that we thought it'd be nice to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=18.35,21.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just allow the audience here to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=21.63,23.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"join in our appreciation for the work of the whole committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=23.97,27.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially for the work of our two student co-chairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=27.6,31.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I'd like to introduce at this point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=31.24,33.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jill Cave and Jim Bennett","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=34.29,37.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jill and Jim Bennett.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=37.85,38.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=38.775,41.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd encourage any other students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=44.37,46.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who would like an experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=46.24,47.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in working on the Institute next year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=47.52,49.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to contact the university lecturer's office at Sloss house.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=49.05,53.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're going to start meetings again in about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=53.11,55.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a week and a half, and it's always an exciting program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=55.01,57.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So encourage you all to participate- and faculty also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=57.79,61.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and community people can also participate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=61.09,63.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight's speaker is a special privilege for us to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=65.06,68.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to welcome to Iowa state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=68.6,70.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's been here a few other times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=70.02,72.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, one time he had a very interesting experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=72.02,75.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a lecture in which a group of people who disagreed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=75.97,79.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with him decided to show that displeasure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=79.14,81.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by dropping a nice smoke bomb in the lecture hall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=81.98,85.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that's going to happen tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=85.01,87.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So at least I hope it 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Berkeley.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=114.17,116.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's published numerous articles and books.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=117.89,121.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just the names of some of the books 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time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=183.01,185.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a man by the name of Ronald Reagan was quoted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=185.17,188.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a San Francisco newspaper as saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=188.54,192.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that his appointment is an example of what's happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=192.49,195.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Berkeley and how it's just going downhill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=195.38,197.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So with that I'd like\n(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=198.83,199.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to introduce our speaker for this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=199.8,201.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Harry Edwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=202.82,205.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=218.89,219.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=221.81,222.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quit while I'm ahead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=224.18,225.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after such an all gusto","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=225.45,227.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"introduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=228.82,230.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I were half as smart as I should be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=230.51,232.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to be standing up in front of you, I would quit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=232.36,235.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in conclusion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=236.29,237.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me say that no.\n(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=237.27,239.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have got to go through with it now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=239.2,241.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to discuss the Orwellian world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=241.6,245.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of modern sports with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=245.3,248.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I won't bother to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=248.01,250.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the litany of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=250.23,252.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analogies and metaphors and so forth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=253.93,257.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would justify that particular title for this speech","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=257.24,260.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but for what is already an overly long presentation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=260.85,265.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that that would be a bit much, but","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=265.75,269.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those of you who have been here over the last few days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=270.75,274.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and listening to some of the other speakers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=274.43,275.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have some notion of what I'm talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=275.89,279.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I state that basically the 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myth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=287.98,290.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what sport is about in modern society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=290.15,294.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The roots of this myth go all the way back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=294.23,297.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the very origins of sport in the 20th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=297.06,300.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we go back for 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Association","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=304.56,307.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as early as 1914, we see such statements for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=307.99,311.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as football requires more brains than brawn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=311.71,314.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A boy when he goes to his football practice is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=314.59,317.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"getting just as good a mental training as he does in school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=317.28,320.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If not better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=321.47,322.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope that as time goes on football","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=322.69,326.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a source of mental training will be recognized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=326.12,328.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it is being recognized 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substance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2602.76,2605.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rivals the search for the fountain of youth and antiquity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2605.12,2608.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the dream itself is probably as old as hunting and 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drugs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2642.64,2645.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anabolic steroids were developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2645.61,2647.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as restorative aids for geriatric 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infirmities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2651.98,2655.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Athletes down through the high school level today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2655.25,2657.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frequently use steroids to speed 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sports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2663.2,2665.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as football and field events and weightlifting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2665.33,2668.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for instance, that athletes who do not use 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competition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2673.87,2676.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steroid use has become has virtually reduced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2676.69,2679.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the natural athlete to an anachronism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2679.75,2682.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You turn on a TV set on a Saturday afternoon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2682.3,2686.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're introducing these football players","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2686.12,2688.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you see a kid come on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2688.41,2690.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who came in to college at 195 pounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2690.53,2693.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a offensive end and by his sophomore year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2693.77,2697.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's up to 235 pounds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2697.6,2700.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his waist has shrank by an inch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2700.08,2702.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his neck begins three inches above his ears.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2702.28,2705.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And nobody asks why.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2705.5,2707.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people look at these guys and say, Oh geez,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2707.61,2709.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you look like a football player.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2709.83,2711.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what is that about playing football,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2711.2,2713.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would make you look like that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2713.35,2715.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is abnormal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2715.21,2716.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you are looking at there is not somebody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2716.69,2719.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they didn't get that way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2719.3,2720.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by watching tennis.\n(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2720.61,2721.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they got that way as a result of shooting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2721.91,2724.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up with anabolic steroids and lifting weights and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2724.683,2728.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So as we look at that situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2728.82,2731.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we must recognize it for what it is focusing up on football.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2731.01,2735.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was sports writer, Bill Gilbert","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2735.67,2737.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who stated fully a decade ago that if an absolute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2737.53,2740.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no drug rule were rigidly enforced in professional football.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781#t=2740.82,2744.453"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22825/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/825/original/AV203368_The_Orvellian_World_of_Modern_Spirt_a.vtt?1613511090","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/825/original/AV203368_The_Orvellian_World_of_Modern_Spirt_a.vtt?1613511090"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22826","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203368_The_Orvellian_World_of_Modern_Spirt_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105781/transcript/22826/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Jim] Ferris Institute. My name is Jim Dubin and I'm one of the students on the committee. Tonight you're privileged because I don't have to read a list of tomorrow's speeches and films. But to replace that we thought it'd be nice to just allow the audience here to, join in our appreciation for the work of the whole committee and especially for the work of our two student co-chairs which I'd like to introduce at this point Jill Cave and Jim Bennett Jill and Jim Bennett. I'd encourage any other students who would like an experience in working on the Institute next year, to contact the university lecturer's office at Sloss house. And we're going to start meetings again in about a week and a half, and it's always an exciting program. So encourage you all to participate- and faculty also and community people can also participate. Tonight's speaker is a special privilege for us to to welcome to Iowa state. He's been here a few other times. In fact, one time he had a very interesting experience in a lecture in which a group of people who disagreed with him decided to show that displeasure by dropping a nice smoke bomb in the lecture hall. I don't think that's going to happen tonight. So at least I hope it won't but we are pleased to have him back here this evening. He was born in East St. Louis, Illinois went to school at San Jose State University and got his BA in sociology. And he got his MA in sociology and PhD in sociology at Cornell university. He is presently on the faculty of the university of California at Berkeley. He's published numerous articles and books. Just the names of some of the books include the Revolt of the Black Athlete, Black Students, the Sociology of Sport, the Struggle that Must be and Playing to Win: A Short Guide to Sensible Black Sports Participation. Our speaker tonight has had a tremendous experience also actively in the United States political and cultural affairs. He is not one who just stays at an academia. He has been lectured and traveled throughout the country and has organized throughout the country, black athletes and groups of people to address issues of race and sport in our society. He has made quite an impact too in society and in California, for example, when he was appointed to the university of California, Berkeley, certain governor of the state at that time a man by the name of Ronald Reagan was quoted in a San Francisco newspaper as saying that his appointment is an example of what's happening at Berkeley and how it's just going downhill. So with that I'd like to introduce our speaker for this evening, Dr. Harry Edwards.\r\n\r\n- [Harry] Thank you very much. I know when to quit while I'm ahead, after such an all gusto introduction. if I were half as smart as I should be in order to be standing up in front of you, I would quit. So in conclusion, let me say that no. I have got to go through with it now. I want to discuss the Orwellian world of modern sports with you. And I won't bother to go through the litany of analogies and metaphors and so forth that would justify that particular title for this speech but for what is already an overly long presentation. I think that that would be a bit much, but for those of you who have been here over the last few days and listening to some of the other speakers you have some notion of what I'm talking about when I state that basically the problem in the modern sport today is that the reality has very little to do with what has become a consciously perpetuated and systematically developed myth about what sport is about in modern society. The roots of this myth go all the way back to the very origins of sport in the 20th century. If we go back for example and read some of the statements of various presidents of the National Collegiate Athletic Association as early as 1914, we see such statements for example as football requires more brains than brawn. A boy when he goes to his football practice is getting just as good a mental training as he does in school. If not better. I hope that as time goes on football as a source of mental training will be recognized. Well, it is being recognized today in more and more ways, unfortunately, not consistent with this particular individual's vision of what football was about. Another individual associated with the NCAA who subsequently wrote an article entitled the quality of the educational process in the United States as part of the Carnegie Foundation Advancement for studies, advancement of teaching series in the 1920s stated unequivocally. Our schools sports are perhaps the most genuinely educative features that our schools possess from a high school and junior high school right on up through college. They are honest, competitive, and thoroughly objective. The sports programs involves throughout the selection and the sports programs involves throughout a side selection and pitting of merit against merit in the open an interesting and educative struggle. Even Douglas MacArthur joined the fray when he became head of the NCAA and made the statement that a sport prepares young men for their inevitable roles as the future custodians of the Republic. And he was speaking principally about football. Of course, sport, given its role in society the type of accolades that it has generated in support of this myth that pervades our perceptions of sport in this society are not, these accolades are not limited to the educational sphere thus, Billy Graham over the years has made sports one of his most enduring metaphors. For example, he States that the Bible says leisure and lying around are morally dangerous. sports, keeps us busy. Athletes you notice don't take drugs. This was in 1973. Unfortunately time has caught up with Billy and we now see that the problem is quite substantial. He goes on, there are probably more committed Christians in sports, both collegiate and professional than in any other occupation in America. The Bible reveals that Saint Paul was an avid sports fan because he used so many illustrations from the Olympics in his letters. We now see that the Olympics if you look at the Pan-Am games and so forth where the individuals were abandoning ship, right and left in order to avoid drug test are far from being above reproach in terms of the problems that afflict modern sport. So there's a tremendous gap between the image of sport that has been generated over the years and the realities that confront sport. And in many ways that exists in sport. And in many ways, these realities have been systematically perpetuated, systematically generated. I want to look at the realities of modern sport and the impact that these realities have upon young people particularly in terms of the burgeoning drug problem that we have in American sports today, and how the contradictions between what they have been led to expect and the realities that take place, have led to the kinds of problems that we are witnessing. How this Orwellian nightmare, where myth becomes reality truth becomes lies, lies, become truth. Reality is buried under all kinds of falsehoods and concocted images really reverberates throughout the life of the young athlete. And I want to focus principally upon the black athlete because the black athlete tends to get the worst of the situation because they tend to put the most into it in the racially integrated social environment. It has been the case historically that a widely experienced systematically generated negative outcomes have impacted upon blacks first and worst. And the circumstances of the black student athlete affirm the validity of this contention. The circumstances that a black student athlete in the 1980s. For as long as organized sports participation has been associated with American education, the traditionally somewhat comic not altogether unappealing dumb jock image of the student athlete has endured, right along with the image of sport, being a major source of education and the development of mental fitness. And though over the years there have been some notable efforts by journalists and academicians and sports activist to expose the desperately serious realities masked by this caricature. Only recently has American society been jolted into recognizing the extensive and tragic implications of widespread educational mediocrity and failure among student athletes and into recognizing no less importantly that the dumb jock is not born. Dumb jocks in American society are being systematically created through the sports system and the sports process that we have set in motion, the fact of negative academic outcomes then, for black athletes the fact of negative outcomes in terms of their sports experiences, do not separate out black athletes significantly from their non-black peers. What separates out black athletes is the enormously and extraordinarily disparate character of those negative outcomes. The fact that they are so overwhelmingly negative. Black student athletes from the outset have the proverbial three strikes against them. They must contend of course with the connotations on social reverberations of the traditional dumb jock caricature, which is in and of itself not that significant for blacks relative to whites. That is one that affects all athletes. Where the break comes between the black and the white athlete, has to do with the kind of image that blacks are led to believe relative to sport. The kind of situation that they are led to believe prevails in sport and what one actually finds. It was in 1971 that Martin Kane, a senior editor at Sports Illustrated, wrote in an article entitled \"An assessment of black is best\" that regardless of how discouraging a black child may find it to be in relative to pursuit of careers in engineering, law, academia and so forth, that black child knows that he has a chance, a sporting chance when it comes down to basketball baseball or football. Sport is an open arena in terms of black opportunity. This is the image that blacks have grown up with but then the young black athlete on top of the dumb job myth finds that there are some extraordinarily black oriented obstacles that confront him in particular. Black student athletes are burdened also with the insidiously racist implications of the myth of innate black athletic superiority and the more blatantly racist stereotypes of the dumb Negro condemned by racial heritage to intellectual inferiority. Under circumstances where there exist in this society a pervasive belief in the mutual exclusivity of physical and intellectual capability and where a furthermore popular sentiment and even some claimed scientific evidence. Buttress notions of race linked black proclivities for both athletic prowess and intellectual deficiency it should come as no surprise that the shameful situation of the black student athlete has been for so long not only wildly tolerated, but expected, anticipated and institutionally accommodated particularly in division one, money-making sports such as basketball and football. But the exploitation of the black student athlete is not occasioned and perpetuated merely through the unwitting interplay of sports lore and racist stereotypes. The sociological ideology of the black student's circumstances is far more complex. Many of the social forces determining black student athletes' extraordinary vulnerability in this Orwellian nightmare of athletic exploitation have been impacting upon black society generally and upon the black family in particular for decades. Sports over the last 40 years have accrued this reputation in black society for providing extraordinary if not exemplary, social economic advancement opportunities. This perspective had its origins in black identification with the athletic exploits and fortunes of people such as Jesse Owens and Joe Louis and Jackie Robinson and other pre and early post-World war II black sports heroes in the contemporary context blacks also find ample, if only ostensible vindication for their overwhelmingly positive perspective on sports. For instance, though, blacks constitute only 12% of the us population, in 1983, just over 55% of the players in the National Football League were black, while 25 of the 28 first round NFL draft choices in 1981 were black. As for the other two major professional team sports 74% of blacks making national basketball association rosters and 81% of the starters during the 1981 season were black wile blacks comprise 19% of America's major league baseball players at the beginning of the 1983 season. Black representation on sports roles have been even more disproportionate. For example, the last 10 Heisman Trophy Awards have gone to black collegiate football players. The final rushing statistics for the 1981 NFL season you find that 36 of the top 40 running backs were black. And in 1982, not a single white athlete was named to the first team of a major division one All-American basketball roster. Blacks already inordinately positive disposition towards sport, even in the face of negative outcomes has been further reinforced through black athletes, disproportionately high visibility in the mass media, relative to alternative high prestige occupational role models. That is you find the black athlete projected in the mass media out of all proportion both to the opportunities that exist for blacks in sport as well as the number of positions that exist for blacks. If you look at the fact that there are over 7,000 black doctors alone in American society if you look at the number of black lawyers in American society, if you look at the number of black engineers and college professors in American society, who you never see on television who you never read about in the media it becomes very clear that the black athlete is projected out of all proportion to the realities of black access to a sports career in this country. Black families' attitudes and expectations relative to sports then are deeply influenced by the media and by perspectives on sport held more generally in black society. Research carried out by professor Melvin Oliver at UCLA discloses for example, that black families are four times more likely than white families to view their children's involvement in community sports as a start in athletic activity that may lead to a professional sports career. Similarly, black parents were shown to be four times as likely as white parents to link their children's sports involvement in with prospects for attaining an athletic scholarship. Furthermore, not only were black families more predisposed than white families to add a high valuation on their children's sports involvements but the poorer the family, the more economically disadvantaged and deprived the black family. The greater was that family's propensity to add a high valuation on sports. The already heightened black emphasis on sports achievement that is fostered through myths, stereotypes, family, and community attitudes and the media, is further intensified by black youth early educational and athletic experiences. For example, as soon as someone finds that a particular black youngster can run a little bit fast or throw a little farther or jump a little higher than all of his grammar school peers, that kid becomes as sportscaster Frank Gifford would say \"something really special.\" And what this usually means is that beyond sports excellence, very little is expected of that individual by the time many black student athletes finish their junior high school sports careers and move on to high school, so little in fact has been demanded of them academically that no one any longer even expects anything of them intellectually. This belief in sport as a way up and out of the ghetto, up and all the degradations of black society runs just that deeply both in black society, as well as in academia and the general society. At the high school level, the already exaggerated emphasis upon black student athlete's athletic development is institutionally abetted by policies which make athletic participation conditional upon minimum standards, or more typically no standards of academic performance at all. Thus, as late as the spring of 1983 it was still the case that only a handful, about 25 of this Mason 16,000 plus high school districts had set minimum academic standards for sports participation. And of those which had standards, most required only that the student athlete maintain a C average or that the student athlete's grade card show no more than one failing grade in any academic year. The problem with these minimum standards of course is that they have a way of becoming maximum goals. The standard set tend to be precisely what the student athlete strives to achieve nothing more and nothing less. As a result of a lack of creditable academic expectations and standards and the disproportionate emphasis placed upon developing their athletic talents from early childhood, an estimated 25 to 35% of high school black athletes qualifying for scholarships on athletic grounds cannot accept those scholarships due to accumulated high school, academic deficiencies. Many of these young men eventually end up in what is appropriately enough called the slave trade. A nationwide phenomena involving independent Scouts who for a fee usually paid by a four year college searches out talented, but academically high-risk black athletes and places them in an accommodating junior college where their athletic skills are further honed through participation for the junior college while they accumulate grades sufficient to permit them to transfer to the four year sponsoring school. Because of academic deficiencies, the fact that black unlike white athletes must be blue-chip to receive a scholarship at all. Studies show that blacks are overrepresented among starters and under-represented in reserve positions among scholarship basketball and football players. And third, because approximately 90% of American sports activities are still Lily-white, black athletes get less than 6% of all the athletic scholarships given out in the United States today. That is despite the notion that sport offers an extraordinary avenue of social economic advancement, despite all the belief in black's natural athletic proclivities. The fact of the matter is, is that we get less than 50% of the scholarships that we would be getting if we simply got our proportionate share of athletic scholarships in this country. So one looks at this situation and it becomes very, very clear that the reality differs substantially from the myth. Furthermore, after achieving a collegiate athletic grant and aide, black students problems, a student athlete's problems are far from over because often the combination of their own academic under development and the pressures of big time collegiate athletics makes the traditional promise an implied contract. You give the school, your athletic talent the school will give you an education far less than an ironclad guarantee. The caliber of collegiate one football and basketball competition has become so advanced that there is virtually no hope of winning a championship without players who have blue chip potential and who as is typical of a disproportionate number of black athletes, have dedicated and an inordinate amount of their time and energy to developing that potential. players who television sports commentator, and former university of Marquette university basketball coach Al McGuire quite applique calls, aircraft carriers and big guns. And indeed there is today disturbingly consistent evidence that athletic recruitment and development among major collegian football and basketball institutions has degenerated into a spiraling athletic arms race. Wherein black student athletes are both the most strategic material and disproportionately numbered among the casualties. NCAA division one football and basketball programs are basically big business. They generate billions of dollars for sports promoters, amateur sports governing organizations, broadcast networks, advertisers and other commercial interests, legal and illegal gambling and for the schools themselves through broadcast and gate receipts and from sports motivated alumni philanthropy and legislative generosity. In short we must recognize that at the very core of the myths that are perpetuated about sports at the very core of the reluctance of the media who essentially functioned as propagandists, the media personnel, who essentially function as propagandist, language controllers if you will, in Orwellian the Orwellian lexicon for the big time collegial sports programs. We must recognize that the very heart of this situation is the money and the power generated through successful athletic programs at these institutions. In 1982, the 16, 1983-84 academic year 16, post-season NCAA division one football bowl games, grossed $35 million and paid over $27 million to the schools and conferences involved in 1982, NCAA division one basketball at the championship game at New Orleans the gate receipts and television receipts amounted to $16 million with each of the final four vying for the championship receiving $600,000 on top of their regular seasons gate receipts and broadcast receipts. In 1983, the NCAA expanded this tournament roster to 52 teams with each of the 52 guaranteed $120,000 for merely participating in the tournament. $290,000 if the 11 or 12 athletes that they took to the tournament made the sweet 16, the final 16 teams and $520,000 to each team vying to be among the final four. The price of tickets for the three final four and championship games at Albuquerque, New Mexico in 1983 ranged as high as $1,000 each with one scout for advertising and reporting reportedly selling tickets for four adjacent seats at the series for $8,000. And he had to pull lots in order to determine who would have the privilege of paying $8,000 for those four adjacent seats. With such riches at stake, division one colleges and universities have developed athletic programs with multimillion dollar budgets and millions more invested in the salaries of athletic personnel and in sports facilities and equipment. For example, the 1982-83 academic year athletic budgets at the university of Michigan and Stanford university were $12.8 million and $14.2 million respectively. Similarly successful head football and basketball coaches today are awarded with salaries that are among the highest in academia. The fact of the matter is that the highest paid school, college or university official in this country is not a college president or chancellor not a Nobel prize Laureate or full professor but a head football coach. in fact, up until his death Bear Bryant led the list in that regard with a salary and perks combined of $450,000 a year as a result of fielding winning football teams which could always win everything, but the big bowl game but that didn't keep him from being very popular. Today there are over 20 head football coaches with salaries in excess of a quarter of a million dollars a year, counting perks. So as we look at this situation, it becomes clear that football is a big business just in terms of salaries but salaries are not all that's involved. You have a situation where football coaches and basketball coaches are awarded with fast food franchises stocks, bonds, homes, automobiles, country club memberships, income producing television and radio shows, highly lucrative product endorsements, lectures and sports clinic opportunities and other special amenities such as that received by the head football coach of Bradley university who was given two free tickets \"to any place in the world,\" as part of the reward for his team's championship victory at the 1982 National Invitational Basketball Tournament. If the competition for such rewards has not totally obliterated the myth involved with and perpetuated around athletics, relative to its morality, it's epic producing capability and it's educational concern. It has most certainly relegated these myths and concerns to secondary if not wholly irrelevant status. Today, indications are that the quest more than ever is not so much to provide educational opportunities or to build character, but to develop a winner, even if it means that in the process the young man generating the sports prestige, the wealth and so forth are systematically condemned to the role of losers in life. As a result of educational underdevelopment and athletic delusion. At the collegiate level, a systematic rip off begins with the granting of a four year athletic scholarship technically given one year at a time under existing NCAA rules. This means that though the athlete is committed to the school for four years, the school is committed to the athlete for only one. Each year the athlete must earn that scholarship again and nowhere in the NCAA's 335 page rule book, are there any specifications under which the coach may not take this scholarship away from this kid. There is no specifications, in fact, at all of athletes' rights on the NCAA rules, only obligations and prohibitions. The problem with the four year. Another problem with the four year scholarship is that more often than not it takes the average non-athlete student on a major division one campus four and a half to five and a half years to complete a four year degree. Even special provision for a fifth year of support for the athlete at the athletic director coaches discretion, seldom is of any use because very few athletes, particularly black athletes are within one year of graduating once their athletic eligibility is up. Furthermore, you have a situation where football players and major division one institutions will put in between 45 and 49 hours a week during the season preparing for participating in and recovering from football. If travel time is counted, the average time expended escalates to over 60 hours a week. Basketball player are close behind putting in 35 to 40 hours a week, 50 hours a week if travel time is included, meeting the athletic obligations while like the football player being required by NCAA rules to carry a full time academic load. The results of such classroom demands for black student athletes in particular are all too frequently, after in the wake of this situation, are predictable. If one looks at the fact that they are usually academically under-prepared for major college matriculation that they find themselves functioning in a perpetual state of fatigue and that they end up putting in more time fulfilling their sports obligations than they would be putting in on a full time job. One is led to expect the inevitable and that is educational mediocrity and failure. Additionally, because normal college student responsibilities such as course selection, registration, the allocation of personal time and resources and so forth are typically carried out by athletic personnel for student athletes. These athletes do not even get the education achieved on the campus, but outside of the classroom. This educational experience includes developing personal responsibility and initiative, learning to deal with large-scale bureaucracies effectively, learning to set personal priorities and properly allocate time and resources. In other words, developing character. Even this is denied the athletes because they are spoonfed from the time they come onto campus until the last game that they play. And so in terms of both educational development and the development of character, these two things that sport are legendary for doing in American society, we find that the reality is exactly and precisely the opposite. under circumstances where grades obtained by many of these athletes in the courses that they take are deficient or automatic or fixed rather than earned. There's no wonder that so many scholarships student athletes managed to go through four years of college matriculation virtually unscathed by education. Not surprisingly either, studies indicate that as many as 65 to 75% of the black student athletes awarded collegiate athletic scholarships never graduate from the colleges that they participate for. Of the 25 to 35% who do eventually graduate from those schools. One finds that an estimated 60 to 65% of them graduate with either physical education degrees or in Mickey Mouse Jock majors, specifically created for athletes and generally held in low repute. This would not be so bad if there were jobs available for blacks with those kinds of degrees. But as one looks at the situation, one finds that sport jobs outside of the arena itself are more close to black athletes and former black athletes than virtually any other sphere. So if we look at collegiate athletics, we find that there is only today, one black head football coach at 97 division one institutions. And that's my man down the road here at Northwestern, Denny green, who was hired at Northwestern the school with the longest losing streak in NCAA history. There were two black head football coaches last year but Willie Jeffries just left Wichita state and went to Howard. Wichita state hired him in 1979 in the wake of it's becoming the most penalized institution in NCAA division one history. And so in both instances, they essentially took the slave up out of the hole and put him at the helm of the ship once it was on a rock so that they could point to him and say see that I told you they weren't ready for leadership. And that is essentially what has happened in that, in those two situations. What makes this even more astounding is the fact that there was a 90% turnover in division one head football coaches between 1970 and 1980. And yet it was still not until 1979 that Willie Jeffries was hired at Wichita state and that Denny green was hired at Northwestern. The two schools that probably were the least desirable among the 97 schools in terms of holding down a head coaching job. If one looks at the situation with regard to black coaches at the 277 division one basketball institutions, today there are 11 and most of them are in about the shape that George Raveling is in at university of Iowa, which is under a perpetual state of siege. The same holds with regard to John Thompson at Georgetown, the same holds with regard to Larry Farmer at UCLA. I think that we simply have to recognize that there are not an abundance of jobs even as one looks at the situation at the players level. If you look at the bowl games, somewhere in the vicinity of 63% of the football players starting in the 16 bowl games at the end of the 1983 season were black. If you looked at the NCAA championship basketball game between North Carolina state and Houston it looked like Ghana playing Nigeria. Every player on the starting five of both teams were black. So I think that we have to recognize that there's something wrong when you have all the gladiators being black and all of the decision-makers and authority figures being white. What we're running here is not basketball teams. What we are running are not athletic programs. What we were running there is a plantation. We moved from a pre Jackie Robinson era of Jim Crow to a post Jackie Robinson era characterized by what I term, Mr. James Crow Esquire. The same thing done more subtly and more completely and more effectively to the same people by the same people. If we look at the national football league there are no head coaches who are black only one-off. There are no offensive coordinators who are black, there was one, but Lionel Taylor was fired from Los Angeles When the head football coach there was fired from the Los Angeles Ram. There are no, Los Angeles Rams. There are no defensive coordinators who are black, only 6% of the assistant coaches in the NFL are black, 14 out of 225. There are no black general managers in professional football, no black owners, no blacks working out of any of the commissioners, either one of the two commissioner's offices in professional football. Yet somewhere in the vicinity of 55 to 60% of the players in professional football are black. There are only, There've only been three black managers over the entire history of professional baseball. Only one of them is managing now Frank Robinson out at San Francisco of the 123 coaches in major league baseball. They're only 13 blacks and not one of them is a third base coach, The individual usually considered second in command to the manager in terms of authority. Of 913 front office positions in professional baseball, Only 32 are held by blacks and 26 of those blacks are secretaries blacks own no professional baseball franchises of some 568 Scouts and recruiting personnel, only 15 are black in professional athletics. As we look at this situation then it becomes very clear that the educational experiences of blacks are of very little use in terms of moving into the job market, either inside of sport or outside of sport. Under circumstances then where this kind of situation exists. We can expect a tremendous amount of trauma. We can expect some tremendous difficulties in terms of the outcomes that these young people have and the kinds of adjustments that they must make. Unlike the white student athlete, the black student athlete in particular tends to have come from a less economically viable background and to come from a more transigent community. The latter is also less likely than the former to secure financial support for post eligibility college matriculation. The result is that there is a much lower social and financial safety net under the black collegian athlete than under the white collegian athlete. When the black collegian athlete fails to graduate or to sign a professional contract, he is therefore much more likely than the white athlete to find himself on the street. We must understand that of all the athletes who participate in collegiate athletics, only 2% will ever sign a professional contract which means that 98% must come to grips with the realities of life after sport immediately after they've played their last collegiate game. And of that 2%, that does sign. 60% of them are back on the street within three to four years, because the average life of a professional basketball or football player which is where you find most collegiate black athletes is between three and three and four years. This situation has contributed to the fact that among this group, expressions of disengagement trauma sometimes have been severe to the extreme, including antisocial behavior, nervous breakdowns, suicides, and most prominently substance abuse. In fact, the escape from reality, the escape from the Orwellian nightmare that comes in the wake of black athletic participation has been most prominently featured in the press in terms of the drug problem that you see publicized relative to the black athlete. I think that in order to understand this we must understand how that drug problem fits in with the circumstances that we've created the difficulties that we've created the nightmares that we've created in sports for some of our most aspirant and competitive young people. At least since the late 1970s there have been warnings of widespread recreational and performance related drug use among both professional and amateur athletes in this country. Such warnings have been typically dismissed as vindictive rumors and inflammatory distortion circulated by journalistic jackals and anti-sports diversives such as myself. That is however no longer the case, a bewildering spate of media exposees and drug use investigations combined with a seemingly endless series of athlete interrogations, confessions, suspensions disqualification, detoxifications, indictments, arrests and incarcerations have left little doubt that today American sports has a major drug problem. but sports inevitably recapitulates society and few today would be stalled at the assertion that America is a drug using society. In the United States we consume more drugs in greater variety than any other nation on earth. Each year, Americans collectively gobble down hundreds of millions of pills including 20 tons of aspirins a day and tens of thousands of pints of opiate Latent and chemically laced elixirs in the guise of the coffee break and the three martini lunch. We have institutionalized drug use into our work routines. Many of us, as a matter of course begin each morning with a little caffeine move the day along with a little nicotine and alcohol and rely on a set of tips on sleeping pills to blot the day out at bedtime. Beyond such acceptable drug use in 1982, the American public by conservative estimate smokes 26 million pounds of marijuana. That's more than a handful of hippies out on Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley and freebased snorted and injected a minimum of 50 metric tons of cocaine at a street value of 2,500 to $3,000 an ounce a price roughly seven to eight times the current market value of gold. When we further considered the use of heroin, PCP or angels dust, hallucinogens, such as LSD and an ever-expanding list of other legal and illicit chemicals, the inescapable image emerges of a nation so consumed in drug taking that people who truly use no drugs could well be considered an extremely deviant minority. In short America in large part is a high society. One reason for this is that Americans are socialized to rely up on the quick drug fix and the pharmaceutical gimmick, for example through television broadcast alone the average American child is exposed to approximately 150,000 commercials for over the counter drugs by the age of 21. This includes everything from a preparation H and Nidol right on up through cigarettes and Schlitz beer. So the also one must not overlook the reality of the Popeye phenomenon. When Popeye gets in trouble, what does he do? He pops the lid on a can of spinach and he's strong, he's moving. That's nothing but a, a high. It's a short jump from popping the lid on the can of spinach to popping the lid on a bottle of Valium. It's all the same thing when you come right down to the process. Further, ours is an extraordinary risk oriented high anxiety society. Until recently, therefore the leading prescription drug used in the United States was Valium, a tranquilizer. In 1982 owing to some bad side effects that generated some even worse publicity, Valium was bumped from first place and replaced by Tagamet and also medicine beyond these societal factors, for athletes the rich rewards of athletic success and the emphasis upon physical, even combative competition and mostly disengagement trauma. The reality of the Orwellian nightmare in the, against the background of all of this purity and the myth of sports benefits provide yet other incentives to drug use among athletes. One inducement to athletes' drug use is a dream older than organized sports itself and is directly tied to the myths of sports rewards. And that is the human longing for a wonder potion that aides physical performance, the search for such a substance rivals the search for the fountain of youth and antiquity. And the dream itself is probably as old as hunting and war. Indeed the drug used most frequently in the belief that it aids athletic performance amphetamines first came into general use during world war II in response to a perceived need for hyperactive, aggressive and even paranoid types on the battlefield. The soldiers brought these drugs home and applied them to football, where there was also a perceived need for hyperactive aggressive and even paranoid types, particularly at some of the line positions and in some of the positions such as backfield and defensive back. Another family of widely used performance drugs anabolic steroids were developed as restorative aids for geriatric patients the chronically ill and people recovering from debilitating accidents or infirmities. Athletes down through the high school level today frequently use steroids to speed development of strength and muscle. This use is so widespread in some sports such as football and field events and weightlifting for instance, that athletes who do not use steroids are believed to be at a competitive disadvantage while at advanced levels of competition, steroid use has become has virtually reduced the natural athlete to an anachronism. You turn on a TV set on a Saturday afternoon and they're introducing these football players and you see a kid come on who came in to college at 195 pounds as a offensive end and by his sophomore year, he's up to 235 pounds, his waist has shrank by an inch and his neck begins three inches above his ears. And nobody asks why. people look at these guys and say, Oh geez, you look like a football player. Well, what is that about playing football, that would make you look like that? That is abnormal. What you are looking at there is not somebody and they didn't get that way by watching tennis. I mean, they got that way as a result of shooting up with anabolic steroids and lifting weights and so forth. So as we look at that situation we must recognize it for what it is focusing up on football. 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to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=839.71,840.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hold his head back to keep from drowning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=840.99,843.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's okay, because a helicopter flew over,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=843.35,845.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they dropped him a rope ladder and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=845.95,847.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Brother, if you just hook your arm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=847.757,849.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"around that last rung of this rope ladder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=849.217,851.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"you don't have to climb up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=851.287,852.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We'll pull you up, but you gotta hook","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=852.477,853.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"your arm around that last rung.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=853.867,855.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"Nah, y'all gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=855.33,857.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The Lord gonna save 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lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=859.93,862.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these brothers go under.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=862.16,863.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But because he was so devout, he went to heaven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=863.68,867.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as he came through the pearly gate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=867.31,869.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God welcomed him but then said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=869.28,871.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"But Leroy, for a man that just came to heaven,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=871.737,873.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"you look mighty disappointed.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=873.937,876.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Leroy hesitated for a minute and shook his head","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=876.7,879.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said, \"Well, God, you know I believed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=879.21,881.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"in you and kept the faith and everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=881.847,884.024"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"And you let me drown back there.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=884.024,886.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And God looked at him and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=886.11,888.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Well, Leroy, what you want?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=888.167,890.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What you expect?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=890.131,891.104"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What you want me to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=891.104,892.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I sent two boats and a helicopter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=892.097,894.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You got to do something for yourself.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=894.307,896.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what I'm saying is that after everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=896.31,898.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is over and done with, what it comes right down to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=898.52,902.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the individual athlete has to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=902.0,904.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to grips with the realities of sport","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=904.65,907.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this modern Orwellian age and recognize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=907.07,910.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the myths are quite different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=910.53,912.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the realities and that there are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=912.35,913.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some sober decisions to be made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=913.9,915.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some intelligent decisions to be made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=915.81,918.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is the only way that 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have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=921.12,923.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most certainly it's the only route","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=923.2,924.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to dealing effectively with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=924.95,926.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disengagement trauma, especially in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=926.46,929.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the substance abuse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=929.05,930.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=930.42,931.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps we have time for some questions and answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=931.253,934.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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48","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=940.909,944.589"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the opposition some Black college presidents have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=944.589,947.676"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=947.676,948.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Black college presidents have a fiscal problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=948.509,952.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The average Black athlete who was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=953.34,956.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recruited at a Division I institution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=956.35,958.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scores less than 700 on the SAT.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=958.62,961.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Michigan may recruit 11 or 12.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=961.47,963.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berkeley may recruit 13 or 14.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=963.89,967.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"USC may recruit 20 or 25.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=967.25,969.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all 95 of the athletes, for all 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1A","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1270.76,1272.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Math 100 and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1272.46,1274.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if they are doing that poorly with 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said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1875.31,1876.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"That's a damn lie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1876.697,1877.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We haven't graduated 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country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1885.47,1888.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You should check here at Iowa State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1888.66,1890.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and find out how many of the scholarship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1890.87,1892.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"players you've graduated from here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1892.99,1894.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Would probably be an interesting 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officer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1899.74,1903.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find out exactly and precisely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1903.32,1904.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the level of integrity that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1904.91,1906.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in operation here at this institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1906.405,1909.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that that becomes a prime 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influence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1914.093,1915.026"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had on the 1968 Olympic Games?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1915.026,1918.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] The 1968 Olympic Games,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1918.459,1919.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I organized what was the Olympic Project for Human Rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1919.643,1922.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which culminated in a 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Games,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1927.33,1930.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as well as the trials by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1930.97,1933.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mike Warren, who's with Hill Street Blues now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1933.53,1938.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Lucius Allen, a number of other people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1939.74,1941.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who simply even refused to go to the trial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1941.67,1943.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we were basically doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1943.67,1945.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was dramatizing the rip-off of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1945.28,1947.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Black athlete in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1947.07,1948.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also making it clear that Black 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country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1953.6,1954.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This whole thing that they used to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1954.433,1956.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so consistently that you don't see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1956.32,1958.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least you see it as much now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1958.43,1960.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something happens in the Black community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1960.35,1962.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they go to an entertainer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1962.37,1964.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or they go to an athlete.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1964.49,1965.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Geez, Willie, what do you think?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1965.82,1967.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, those people out there running amok","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1967.5,1969.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and burning, I mean, aren't things improved?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1969.43,1971.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, look, Jackie Robinson came in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1971.29,1973.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gosh, and you know, now look at all you guys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1973.08,1975.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're dominating and haven't things improved?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1975.3,1977.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, yeah, you see, now I'm doing lie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1977.35,1980.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like I'm doing all right, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1980.72,1982.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they bring this guy and put him in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1982.17,1984.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't see too much of that anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1984.16,1986.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Largely because I think it's pretty clear now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1986.23,1988.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Black athletes have some 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Carter's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1992.84,1995.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boycott and got over there and realized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=1995.38,1997.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what a dupe and a fool he was by even 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mockery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2189.51,2190.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to a very substantial degree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2190.98,2193.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Black community has helped perpetuate 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sports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2200.6,2203.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then we've literally turned around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2203.2,2205.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sold them to the highest 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dynamics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2226.92,2229.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a time when everybody thought, wow, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2229.51,2232.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can play some sports, you got it made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2232.15,2235.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our heroes were Jesse Owens and Joe Louis and Muhammad Ali.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2235.07,2238.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you could play some athletics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2238.15,2239.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had it made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2239.83,2240.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were Superman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2240.663,2241.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we were saying was the same thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2241.72,2243.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that even Jackie Robinson wound up saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2243.73,2245.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when he titled his autobiography,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2245.42,2247.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his final statement on race in both sport and America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2247.74,2251.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I Never Had It Made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2251.979,2253.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were telling them that, hey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2253.12,2254.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't have it made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2254.69,2255.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is one of the cruelest traps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2255.97,2257.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You are looking here, when you look at sport,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2257.56,2259.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you are looking at an institutional fall-shrouded minefield.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2259.85,2264.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And unless you are very conscious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2264.61,2266.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with your eyes open, you're going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2266.15,2268.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to wind up being victimized by it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2268.83,2271.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My judgment is that we've made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2271.64,2275.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a substantial amount of progress in that regard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2275.53,2278.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have by no means resolved the problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2278.21,2279.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the problem keeps shifting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2279.683,2281.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and changing and becoming more subtle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2281.5,2283.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've got to deal with fiascos such as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2283.41,2285.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rule 48 under the NCAA's 1983 January Convention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2285.22,2288.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that whole thing where you wind up fighting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2294.4,2296.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Blacks to save Blacks, as well as getting on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2296.66,2300.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the side of the NCAA to help sink their strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2300.48,2304.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a very complex kind of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2304.22,2306.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I have a tremendous amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2306.71,2307.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of faith in Black folks, you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2307.96,2309.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I look at the situation, and I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2309.74,2312.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even Rip Van Winkle eventually woke up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2312.46,2314.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was asleep for 20 years but he eventually woke up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2314.85,2317.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that young Black people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2317.56,2320.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular will also wake up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2320.05,2322.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that even some older Black folks will wake up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2322.36,2326.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've made a lot of progress in that regard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2326.09,2327.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Today, we are discussing and debating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2327.68,2330.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the best way to deal with the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2330.56,2332.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1968, we were debating whether or not that was a problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2332.91,2337.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, that's progress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2338.16,2340.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's really progress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2340.09,2341.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2342.59,2343.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] I'm not ignoring that your","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2344.507,2345.409"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"speech was very powerful, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2345.409,2347.841"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't agree with everything you've said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2347.841,2350.386"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Hey, I'm glad to hear that, man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2350.386,2352.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what makes us individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2352.08,2353.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] It seems that, you said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2353.58,2354.674"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the answer is in the Black family,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2354.674,2357.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also in the individual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2357.138,2358.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2358.845,2359.678"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] But don't you think that maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2359.678,2360.511"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we should look at even higher levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2360.511,2362.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there needs some structural changes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2362.333,2365.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Oh yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2365.2,2366.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] Maybe, Blacks and other minorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2366.173,2368.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are these victims of a structural inconsistency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2368.5,2371.386"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Oh, without question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2371.386,2372.451"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e Without question.\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2372.451,2373.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] We have to look at all levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2373.528,2374.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2374.93,2375.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now the league wouldn't, hopefully,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2375.763,2377.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prescribe weak material goals, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2377.75,2379.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just completely material goals by mistake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2379.99,2383.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we don't have a legit as a dean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2384.841,2386.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"propositioning to the team.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2386.66,2387.886"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2387.886,2388.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] For the longest time, the only way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2388.906,2390.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we could even rule out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2390.51,2393.286"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they would believe that we are a team,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2393.286,2394.839"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, was through entertainment and athletics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2394.839,2397.756"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2397.756,2399.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] Athletics wouldn't have any.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2399.28,2400.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But now, you're a sociology of Florida.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2400.837,2403.505"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Yeah, we see it like everything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2403.505,2405.161"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] Right. That maybe the deployment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2405.161,2407.264"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of enervative function may be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2407.264,2408.381"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the betterment of society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2408.381,2409.532"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2409.532,2411.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2411.187,2412.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2412.02,2412.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Man] So what is the answer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2412.853,2414.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"[Speaker] Well, we have to move on all levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2414.49,2415.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's like most problems that are of any significance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2415.84,2418.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to move on everything at once.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2418.87,2420.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why they call it a struggle rather than a picnic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2420.51,2423.462"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it were easy, where you just had to go out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2423.462,2427.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just fine-tune this, it would be cool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2427.39,2430.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I'm saying we're going to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2430.28,2431.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to move on all levels at once.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2431.39,2432.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why I'm here talking to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2432.73,2434.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hoping that you will spread the word","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2434.22,2435.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the brothers on the block","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2435.8,2436.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth and get that part 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be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2441.79,2443.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this faculty, who are gonna be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2443.21,2444.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this student body, will begin to 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constructive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2448.36,2450.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fashion to deal with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2450.17,2451.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the same time, I'm dealing 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short-circuit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2454.13,2458.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their plot and plan in the duplicity of the NCAA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2458.16,2460.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and make people aware of that situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2460.89,2465.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have to move on all levels at the same time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2465.09,2468.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hopefully we'll be able to pull it 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meanwhile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2476.03,2478.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this young man, this young woman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2478.8,2480.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't wait on all of that to come together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2480.55,2483.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, and so after all the hollering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2483.92,2486.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and screaming about the racism of the test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2486.12,2488.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the howling and screaming about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2488.14,2489.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the racism of the society and how it's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2489.544,2492.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"set up structurally to keep us on the bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2492.61,2494.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to rip us off, that's as old as slavery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2494.56,2496.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, the next thing you know, somebody will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2496.92,2498.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be telling me that my nose has two holes in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2498.47,2500.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2500.38,2501.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see that every time I look in the mirror in the 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that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2504.67,2505.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've known that for 400 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2505.7,2507.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the meanwhile, it doesn't make 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possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2512.2,2514.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of this situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2514.51,2515.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not advocating that young Blacks get out of sport.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2515.8,2519.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has provided us some excellent avenues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2519.76,2521.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for reaffirming some things about ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2521.76,2524.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't be standing here if it were not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2524.33,2525.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for an athletic scholarship, because my parents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2525.837,2527.834"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"couldn't send me across town on the bus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2527.834,2529.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much less out to California to participate in sports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2529.9,2532.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also, I think that we have to recognize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2532.79,2535.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Black achievement in sports vindicates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2535.65,2538.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a stand held by Blacks since slavery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2538.58,2541.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is that the basic 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intellect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2545.11,2546.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the capability or competence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2546.8,2548.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or competitiveness or will or discipline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2548.43,2550.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic thing that we have lacked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2550.68,2552.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in American society is an equitable opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2552.12,2554.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So every time I see Dr. J operate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2554.55,2556.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or every time I see a Gale Sayers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2556.61,2558.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1046","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or an O.J. Simpson or a Walter Payton","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2558.19,2560.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1047","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"flow the length of a football field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2560.44,2562.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like hot oil flowing down a slanted pane of glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2562.01,2564.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every time I see Reggie Jackson eyeball one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2564.91,2568.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the top tier of some stadium,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2568.3,2571.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I recognize that, you know, that's the soul.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2571.32,2573.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the people, that's the soul","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2573.82,2575.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Black folks made visible to the naked eye.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2575.13,2577.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's very, very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2577.84,2579.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have to stay in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2579.12,2580.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have to be involved with sport in America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2580.46,2582.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we're inextricably involved with America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2582.89,2585.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at the same time, we have to participate intelligently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2585.41,2589.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And everybody has a role in that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2589.19,2592.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have to move on all levels at the same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2592.27,2595.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1061","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think I'm probably overextended, in terms of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2595.68,2598.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1062","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody trying to be activist and scholar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2598.34,2600.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1063","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and idiolog and strategist and everything else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2600.35,2603.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1064","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't advocate that everybody go into that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2603.49,2606.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1065","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think that we all have a role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2606.37,2610.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to play in something this big.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2610.45,2612.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1067","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me end with just once last thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2612.64,2616.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1068","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know I'm over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2616.28,2617.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1069","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This brings me to the point of the side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2617.79,2620.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1070","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the David and Goliath thing that nobody talks about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2620.3,2622.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1071","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but which is just as important as what actually happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2622.8,2625.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"David was in his tent preparing to go out and do battle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2626.43,2630.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the people around him heard this tremendous rumble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2630.05,2632.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who were helping him to get himself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2632.95,2636.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1075","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together to do this great battle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2636.32,2638.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1076","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they heard this big rumble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2638.42,2639.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1077","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so these warriors stepped out and took a look,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2639.55,2641.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they came back and their knees were knocking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2641.97,2644.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1079","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were wringing their hands and saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2644.1,2645.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1080","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Ooh, this dude is so big,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2645.617,2648.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1081","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"nobody can defeat him.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2648.077,2649.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1082","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And David had never seen these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2649.7,2651.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1083","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brave warriors react this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2651.55,2653.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1084","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he decided to go out and take a look for himself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2653.21,2656.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1085","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so he stepped out of the tent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2656.21,2658.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1086","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and about two minutes later, he came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2658.09,2660.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1087","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back in, but he wasn't trembling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2660.12,2661.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1088","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He had a smile on his face,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2661.51,2662.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1089","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he was twirling his slingshot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2662.73,2664.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1090","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, \"Ooh, this dude is so big,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2664.267,2667.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1091","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"nobody can miss him.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2667.167,2668.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1092","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what I'm telling you in terms of this situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2668.54,2671.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1093","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that this thing is so big and so funky","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2671.63,2674.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1094","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so nasty that nobody who is sincerely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2674.56,2677.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1095","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"interested in dealing with this problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2677.12,2678.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1096","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can avoid finding something that they can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2678.94,2681.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1097","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make a contribution to its solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2681.51,2683.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1098","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2683.8,2684.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1099","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really appreciated your time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2684.633,2686.631"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=2686.631,2689.631"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22827/annotation/1101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/827/original/AV203368_The_Orvellian_World_of_Modern_Spirt_b.vtt?1613511099","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/827/original/AV203368_The_Orvellian_World_of_Modern_Spirt_b.vtt?1613511099"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22828","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203368_The_Orvellian_World_of_Modern_Spirt_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782/transcript/22828/annotation/1102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Possessive a deeply rooted, almost puritanical, moral aversion to drug use as a pastime pleasure. Even where the same drugs that are used in the locker room as aids to performance, amphetamine, amphetamines, and steroids, et cetera, to be consumed as routinely by athletes outside of the locker room for recreational purposes their use, quite probably, would be much more vociferously denounced. Not surprisingly then, athletes' recreational use of exotic drugs such as marijuana and cocaine and heroin evokes shock and condemnation, while we wink at, or deny any knowledge of, their use of amphetamines, anabolic steroids, and so forth. Among all categories of recreational drug users, athletes are most likely to generate extraordinary media attention and public consternation. This is partly owing to the fact that they exist in a constant glow of publicity that is unavoidably an aspect of their trade. But there is also another consideration, the traditional role and status of the athlete as projected in the myths about sports in this society. Admired and praised, they are the central figures in a realm traditionally believed to belong to the TAR department of human affairs. A realm regarded as immune and invulnerable to real life pressures and concerns. While political upheavals, strikes, and so forth, scandals to some extent have shaken this perspective over the years, until recently, the public's image of the athlete was still that of the Saturday afternoon warrior, the Saturday afternoon hero whose achievements on the field vindicated clean living, discipline, good character, honest competition, and the like as indispensable ingredients of success in sports and by extension, in the life of this society. Sports participation, it intuitively followed, had an almost inherent, all but magical capacity to shield the serious athletes from the temptations of bold vices and antisocial behavior. Only now is there some general appreciation of the fact that the pedestals upon which we have placed athletes, the myths with which we have insulated them, do not automatically elevate them above the cultural tides characteristic of the social environment, that for better or worse, we all share. An ongoing University of Michigan study which samples the recreational drug use of 17,000 high school seniors from across the nation each year revealed in 1982, that nine out of 10 high school seniors used alcohol recreationally, seven out of 10 smoked marijuana, and three out of 10 used cocaine. Not surprisingly then, athletes are not entirely immune from these trends. Thus, a national collegiate athletic association survey of first-year collegian athletes reported that 60% reported using alcohol, 13% admitted using marijuana, and 2% admitted using cocaine. Among all athletes participating in a study, 62% used alcohol, 20% used marijuana, and 7% said that they used cocaine on a semi-regular basis. Already established drug use behavior may well be exacerbated in the professional ranks by intensified competitive pressures, grueling game travel schedules, injuries, increased spendable income combined with a faster lifestyle, and less personal and cultural development, and the emotional roller coaster epitomized by swings from the thrill of victory to the agony of defeat. From the deafening cheers of admiring throngs to the crushing silence of the loser's locker room. Efforts to eradicate drug problems in sport have generally been initiated from the top down by sports governing bodies and the front office personnel of individual teams. The fact that such efforts have targeted illicit recreational drug use indicates the extent to which official concern about the image and perceived integrity of the sports organizations involved have taken precedence over principle and a primary concern for the health and wellbeing of the athletes. As in the general population, where 76% of reported drug overdoses in 1972 were from legally obtained, over-the-counter and prescription drugs, most of the real drug dangers facing athletes involve performance-related, rather than recreational drug use. The litany of medical horrors is demonstrably associated with steroids alone, among them bone, tendon, and liver damage, arterial sclerosis or coronary artery disease, and the degeneration of the pituitary gland and the sex organ functions are at the very least comparable to the toxic side effects most commonly associated with the two most widely used exotic recreational drugs, marijuana and cocaine. In any event, debate over the specific focus of official concern about drugs in sports may well be a moot point. Because of its vested interest in keeping players online and its long standing duplicity relative to the matter of drug use, to charge the sports establishment with judiciously policing athletes' performance-related drug use is the equivalent of leaving Dracula in charge of the blood bank. On the other hand, the sports establishment seems no less disinclined and is probably far less effectively able to effectively police athletes' recreational drug use. First, few of the athletic personnel at any level of sports competition are competent to identify the symptoms of recreational drug use, or of the drugs involved. And the fact that there exists a kind of unspoken code among athletes, which makes their lives and activities off the playing field strictly private means that the front office is highly unlikely to find out about recreational drug use on the team until someone is either caught using drugs or develops an obvious drug problem. Also, given what is now acknowledged as a widespread drug problem among athletes in the three major professional team sports, the sports organizations involved are not likely to decimate their rosters, further degrade their public images, and undermine the morale of their athletic personnel through a hard crackdown on recreational drug use. Under the circumstances, drug testing is likely to continue to be employed primarily as a threat and actually imposed only upon those athletes already acknowledged to be, or whose behavior raises widespread suspicion of them being recreational substance abusers. At best, drug use in sport will be difficult and a complex problem to resolve. Nonetheless, one thing is becoming ever more evident, and that is that the resolution must begin with not just focus upon the athlete. If athletes continue to regard recreational drug use as a purely private and innocent pleasure and to accept the use of performance-related drugs as merely another occupational or professional prerogative, sports drug problems will continue to spiral out of control. Any hope that athletes will reshape their perspectives on drug use and collectively pressure sports organizations to come to grips with the realities, publicly come to grips with the realities of sports participation will probably be realized most readily through organized education and peer pressure among athletes themselves. Attempts by external forces to discourage drug use by resorting to threats, drug abuse horror stories, or moral condemnation simply ignore reality. Furthermore, there is a substantial and apparently a growing body of opinion within sport that is morally accepting of athletes doing their own thing drug-wise, just as on the campus. There as a body of opinion which says, \"Hey, it's okay to smoke a joint after finals. \"It's okay to smoke a joint before finals \"if that's what your bag is.\" People are more tolerant of that today probably than ever before. Threats of punishment, ranging from fines and suspension to long-term incarceration are similarly futile, because in the minds of too many drug users, getting hooked or getting caught always happens to the other guy. And as a recently reported study of 100 young California athletes indicates, the Scared Straight tactic is similarly futile. These 100 athletes were asked whether they would take a drug that would guarantee them an Olympic championship but that had a 50-50 chance of killing them within one year. 55% of these young high school athletes admitted that they would take the drug. Without strong athlete peer pressure and an active athlete organization and educational outreach, drug eradication efforts by any other parties are probably doomed to failure. Regrettably then, in the face of the Orwellian realities of American sports today, we can expect athletes to continue to risk their reputations, their livelihoods, and increasing numbers to risk prison through their involvement in recreational drugs while during their athletic careers, risking their health, and their careers, through their use of performance-related drugs. The most reasonable perspective by the public on this situation would probably be one of informed assessment. Nothing makes me sadder than to see people standing around with a beer in their hands, condemning the athletes who are busted for cocaine use or for drunk driving or for being caught smoking marijuana, when that is in fact part of the lifestyle of this society. We are a drug-saturated society. Our perspective in terms of the situation that the athlete is in, this Orwellian nightmare, has to be one of informed assessment. This attitude acknowledges the fact of personal and institutionalized drug use in sports and seeks to understand its origins and consequences. The aim should be to educate ourselves and to contribute toward educating others, particularly the young, about drug use and the fact that in neither sport nor in society is drug use a viable substitute for sober living and intelligent problem-solving. We must face the reality also that the drug problems now afflicting American sport reflect to a substantial degree where we are and where we have arrived, relative to the drug use problem as a society. Basically and fundamentally, however, it is up to the individual athlete. This young man must make a decision about whether he is going to allow the coach to shoot him up at halftime in order that he can get back into the game. I don't care how critical he is to the outcome of that game or to the outcomes of the team for the season. Is it that important to keep the coach in a job, to pay the coach's mortgage? Is it that important to use the anabolic steroids? This young man must be able to say no. In terms of the cocaine, we now have a situation on the campus where agents recognize the circumstances of this Orwellian reality. And as part of their inducement to star athletes in particular, they are offering drugs, as well as money to these young people. This young individual must make a decision for himself. There are some things that simply no one else can do for you because they have a tendency to be very private. Drug use is one of those things. You must avoid the peer pressure, as well as the special inducements. Right here, I'm reminded if I were to leave you with one final image in terms of this problem and in terms of this all too frequent adjustment, to the Orwellian realities of modern sport, particularly by Black athletes, I would leave you with the parable of Leroy, who was a very, very religious young man, but who really didn't understand the character, the real character of his religion. In the same sense that young athletes believe in sports, and they believe in the myths without really understanding or ever coming to grips with the true character of their sports activities and the sports institution in this country. Leroy was that way about his religion. Very devout young man, believed in it, was totally immersed in it, totally committed to it, the way some of these young brothers are committed to sports. But unfortunately, Leroy got caught in a flood. And the water got up to his waist, and some men came by in a rowboat and threw Leroy a rope and said, \"Brother, if you just grab hold \"of that rope, we'll pull you in. \"You don't even have to swim, just kind of \"wrap it around your arm, \"and we'll pull you in.\" Leroy said, \"No, y'all gone. \"I'm a devout man, I've kept the faith. \"I believe in God. \"God gonna save me. \"Y'all gone.\" Leroy stood there in the water, and the water got up to his chest. Some guys came by in a big motorboat, threw him one of those donuts on the end of a rope and said, \"Brother, if you just \"slip this lifesaver over your shoulders \"and under your arms, we'll pull you in. \"You don't have to swim anything, \"just slip it over your shoulders.\" He say, \"Nah, y'all gone. \"God gonna save me.\" He knew that God always comes to the rescue of His own people. He had that much faith in his religion. Water got up to Leroy's top lip, to the point that he literally had to hold his head back to keep from drowning. But that's okay, because a helicopter flew over, and they dropped him a rope ladder and said, \"Brother, if you just hook your arm \"around that last rung of this rope ladder, \"you don't have to climb up. \"We'll pull you up, but you gotta hook \"your arm around that last rung.\" He said, \"Nah, y'all gone. \"The Lord gonna save me. \"God gonna take care of this.\" Well, Leroy drowned, just like a lot of these brothers go under. But because he was so devout, he went to heaven. And as he came through the pearly gate, God welcomed him but then said, \"But Leroy, for a man that just came to heaven, \"you look mighty disappointed.\" Leroy hesitated for a minute and shook his head and said, \"Well, God, you know I believed \"in you and kept the faith and everything. \"And you let me drown back there.\" And God looked at him and say, \"Well, Leroy, what you want? \"What you expect? \"What you want me to do? \"I sent two boats and a helicopter. \"You got to do something for yourself.\" So what I'm saying is that after everything is over and done with, what it comes right down to is that the individual athlete has to come to grips with the realities of sport and this modern Orwellian age and recognize that the myths are quite different than the realities and that there are some sober decisions to be made. There are some intelligent decisions to be made. And this is the only way that we're really going to deal with some of the educational problems that we have. But most certainly it's the only route to dealing effectively with the disengagement trauma, especially in terms of the substance abuse. Thank you very much. Perhaps we have time for some questions and answers. Yes. [Man] Explain your support for Proposition 48 and the opposition some Black college presidents have. [Speaker] Yes. The Black college presidents have a fiscal problem. The average Black athlete who was recruited at a Division I institution scores less than 700 on the SAT. Michigan may recruit 11 or 12. Berkeley may recruit 13 or 14. USC may recruit 20 or 25. But all 95 of the athletes, for all practical purposes at Grambling and at Florida State and so forth are gonna be Black. And the overwhelming majority of them are gonna get less than 700 on the SAT. So what that thing did was to put them in a position of not being able to recruit the blue-chip Black athlete. In order to recruit that athlete, they would have to have essentially two rosters. One of inactive athletes who were ineligible to play that they had to recruit to keep them from going to another school, and a roster of active athletes who were eligible to play. They are also the least wealthy schools in the Division I category, unlike Michigan, which has a budget of $12.8 million or Stanford, which has a budget of $14.2 million. Grambling may have a budget of $14.2 million for the school. Not the athletic program, for the school. And so not only are they put at a disadvantage by the proportion of Black athletes they have to recruit, but they can't afford two rosters of athletes that they would have to have, whereas Michigan could, Stanford could. You also have a situation where they're at a severe recruiting disadvantage already because Stanford and Michigan can tell their athletes, \"Hey, you're going to get considered for the Heisman Trophy. \"You're going to get television exposure. \"You're going to get to travel to the big bowl games \"and from one end of the country to the other. \"Where are you gonna go if you go to Morris Brown? \"Where are you gonna go if you go to Florida, \"A\u0026M, or Tennessee State? \"Where are you gonna recruit?\" So the Black colleges had a fiscal problem. Unfortunately, there's something crass and unacceptable about college presidents coming out and saying, \"Hey, I'm against these academic standards because it's going to cost us money.\" So what they did was to try to couch their arguments within educational terms. They came out and said that the 700 score was racist because most Blacks didn't score 700. It had a disparate impact upon the Black athlete. My position was that if Jensen and Shockley had come out and said that \"hey\", told the NCAA. William Shockley and my esteemed colleague at Berkeley, Arthur Jensen, had come out and stated, \"Hey, the NCAA is racist because they're saying that you have to have a 700 to play basketball and football at Division I institutions as a freshmen and Blacks can't score 700, under circumstances where they are given 400 points for signing their name and putting any kind of mark on the two parts of the test, and under circumstances where they have a 50-50 chance of scoring between 500 and 550 through a random marking of the test, which means that they have to somehow scrounge up between 200 and 150 points in order to qualify to participate as a freshmen. If Jensen and Shockley had made that statement, which is in effect what the Black college presidents were saying, we'd have been picketing their offices and calling them racist and everything else. But because it was 116 Black college presidents, Jesse Jackson, Benjamin Hooks, and John Jacobs from the National Urban League, Benjamin Hooks from the NAACP, nothing was said about it. And in fact, a whole bunch of people went along with it. But of course it didn't make any sense. We simply must recognize that the basic problem with the SAT is not that it is racist. The basic problem is that there is 30 years after Brown vs. The Board of Education, a situation where Black schools are still, for the most part, separate and unequal. Black students are simply not being prepared. The greatest disparity between Blacks and whites on the SAT is in math. And this is where you find the biggest breakdown. Well, one plus one equals two. I don't care if you're on Mars or from North Hollywood and the ghetto of Harlem, it doesn't make any difference. What that reflects is preparation. 20% of the SAT is geometry, and only 5% of Black seniors take geometry. You also have a situation where the disparity on the verbal part between Black and white scores is not so much owing the substance or content of the questions on the SAT. The fact of the matter is, is that the average Black student who takes the SAT simply has not been taught to read critically and analytically. It's not that they don't understand the substance. Hell, they can't read the test. So, again, it reflects preparation. And I think that we have to come to grips with that. And my position was not only was the Black college presidents and Jesse Jackson and Benny Hooks and these other civil rights leaders are wrong in their assessment of the 700 score, but that the 700 score was too low. The score that is chosen or set as a standard should reflect the character of the challenges that these young people are gonna be confronted with in a high-tech society. And I look at the University of California at Berkeley, where the 1983 entering freshmen class had an average score of 1,160, and 60% of them are required this year to take remedial courses in math, English, and composition, just in order to be able to matriculate effectively and successfully at UC Berkeley, in order to be able to move into English 1A and Math 100 and so forth. So if they are doing that poorly with 1,160, then what is the NCAA talking about when it claims to be setting standards at 700? Those are no standards at all. The NCAA wanted to give the appearance of setting standards. And when I came out and essentially backed them up in something that they really didn't want to be backed up in, they wanted the Black colleges to come out and say, \"Geez, that's too bad. \"That's racist.\" And then they could say, \"Well, gosh, you know. \"They're crying about the Black athletes \"being ripped off educationally.\" We set some standards and the Black college presidents said, \"Hey, the Negros can't do it. \"Our hands are tied and we've got \"to put this by the boards.\" But I came out and presented a hell of an argument as to why not only should they maintain that, but they should actually raise the standards. And so what they did, which is often the last refuge of the culpable is to commission a study. To determine exactly and precisely what the impact of this would be. At their last convention in Dallas, they did not even bring up Proposition 48. And all other satisfactory progress propositions such as Proposition 24, 25 and 26, which were on the agenda in Dallas, were voted down. Proposition 24 would have mandated a 1.75 average at the end of the freshman year, a 1.85 average at the end of the sophomore year, and a 2.0 average on the four-point system at the end of the junior year, as prerequisites to participate during the subsequent years. They voted all that down under the aegis that a D plus, a C minus, and a C by the beginning of the senior year were too high. Those were too stringent. They wanted it more like a D, a D plus, and a C minus, even though the average Division I institution requires a C to graduate. So if there is a culprit in this situation, it's really not the Black college coaches. They were put in an impossible situation, largely through the finagling, the duplicity of the NCAA. The real culprit in this situation is the NCAA. And that whole leadership, probably with the leading culprit being Walter Byers and the executive committees that set this thing up and put this situation in motion. One thing that was just disgraceful at this last convention was the voting down of Proposition 35, which would have established an executive presidential board that had veto power and that could institute academically-oriented rules simply by virtue of its judgment, that this was necessary. And they voted that down. And then when the roll call was called, the roll call was voted down because no one wanted to stand up in the broad light of day and say, \"I'm against that. \"I'm for maintenance of the status quo.\" The NCAA wants to give the appearance of concern for academic integrity. But in fact, that's all they want to give. They voted down Proposition 30, which would have eliminated freshmen eligibility, which would have given these 17 to 19 year olds coming into college underprepared time to adjust socially and academically, as opposed to throwing them into 60 hours a week if they are football players, or 50 hours a week if they're basketball players. They voted all of that down. They want to give the appearance of concern about academic integrity rather, when what they're really concerned about is money. But unfortunately these young people can't go out into the job market after their eligibility is over and give the appearance of having the skills. They've got to be able to read and write and calculate, compute, and so forth. So the Rule 48 thing and the tremendous clash that purportedly took place between me and the Black college presidents and Jesse Jackson and that group was really only the front stage story. What was really going on was that the NCAA put that out there in order to get that reaction, elicit that reaction from the Black college presidents and civil rights leaders, so that they could table the whole issue of academic integrity and get on with what they are really about, which is negotiating multimillion dollar contracts with the media in order to stuff their coffers on the backs of these young athletes and give them nothing in return. Yes. [Man] Could you detail your own athletic history and what you got out of it or perceived negatively? [Speaker] Oh, I was very fortunate in one sense. I was among the first generation of athletes to integrate East St. Louis Senior High School. After the 1954 Supreme Court decision, they integrated the grammar schools. In '55 and '56, they integrated the junior high schools, and in '57 they integrated the high schools. And of course, they integrated the athletes first because with integrated schools, they would be playing some of the predominantly Black schools. And they knew that they had to have the horses in order to be successful. So they integrated the athletes first. And fortunately that was a situation where they had not refined the tactics and techniques of racism. We were feeling each other out for the first time. And so, the football coach, who was also the track coach that they called in all the Black athletes the first day out at Parson Stadium in East St. Louis, and told us, \"You're over here to play football. \"You're not here to become involved in social organizations \"or to get involved in any other activities. \"You are basically over here to play football. \"Any problem in the classroom, any problem on the campus \"and you're through. \"You're going back over to Lincoln, \"which is where probably some of you belong anyway.\" And what he considered problems in the classroom was any difficulty with a teacher, anything such as recklessly eyeballing the white coeds, anything of that character and we went on our way. And that began to raise questions in my mind about the whole thing that Jesse Owens had it made and that Joe Louis was really respected and that all of these things changed the character of Black existence in this society, if you were a successful athlete, that is. I began to question that. And then when I went to San Jose State and found that the major difference between San Jose State and East St. Louis Senior High School was that at San Jose State they had these big California smiles and you were put in the position of not being able to see the racist steam roller until it had crushed you flat. That realization combined with my sociology and my experiences on the basketball team, where we couldn't belong to the fraternities, we couldn't get housing off of campus. The only way we could get housing in the dormitories was if there was another Black person who was willing, who was available. If you were the odd man out, you were essentially on your own. You wound up living oftentimes in the next town because you couldn't live in the vicinity around the college, and nobody would rent to you unless you were white. And the athletic department stood for that. I mean, they taught this stuff on Friday and Saturday night. Come on, let's go for the big-team leading rebounder, leading scorer on the basketball team, team school record holder in the discus. But once I left the basketball court, once I left the track pavilion, I was just another nigger, just like on the street. And so all of that combined with my sociology woke me up to a lot of realities in American sport. And I've been trying to wake people up, other people up about those realities, even as they become, especially as they become more and more subtle. [Man] How long have you been at Cal? [Speaker] How long have I been at Cal? 16 years. [Man] Chuck Muncie was there. And his drug problem was very detailed. Was that swept under the rug? Or was it common knowledge on the campus? [Speaker] It was common knowledge on the campus and swept under the rug at the same time. And if you said anything about it, they swept you under the rug along with it. Because Muncie was an All-American, Muncie was the football team, Muncie was the number one draft choice, Muncie put Berkeley on the map, Muncie paid the coaches' and athletic directors' mortgage every month, and they were not going to have that interfered with. Muncie was a guy who they had to, the coach admitted in fact that he went by the house every morning and got him up out of bed, took him to class, had an assistant coach stand there to make sure that he stayed in class, then walked him from that class to his next class. And still at the end of his time there he was nowhere near graduating. The amazing thing is not that Muncie didn't graduate. The amazing thing is that he managed to stay eligible at all. And this is at the University of California at Berkeley, a citadel of intellectual integrity, the number one, you know, public institution in the country and, it claims, in the world through the ratings and so forth that it receives. The reality, of course, is that the athletic department has very little to do with the academic side of the university. And where I'm at there, I'm quite certain that there would be nowhere near the concern on the campus that they have about the Muncie type of situation. Over the last three or four years, I've had at least five athletes who have expended their total eligibility at the University of California at Berkeley but who were functionally illiterate. I mean, who can neither read nor write sufficiently to make their way in society. So if that's happening at Berkeley, then you can imagine what's happening at some of the bonafide certified job factories. You get into the kind of thing at University of Nevada, Las Vegas, where in 20 years, Todd Canaan has graduated four athletes, Black, white, and otherwise. You get into the kind of thing that occurred down at the University of Georgia, when Herschel Walker signed his contract and they said, \"Geez, you're missing \"your chance for an education.\" Somebody raised the issue. What are you talking about? You know, since 1973, you've brought in 81 scholarship football players, and only six have graduated. And Vince Dooley stands up in front of a room full of press people and said, \"That's a damn lie. \"We haven't graduated six. \"We've graduated 11 of those 81.\" This kind of foolishness is very widespread in this country. You should check here at Iowa State and find out how many of the scholarship players you've graduated from here. Would probably be an interesting exercise for some courageous, and I do mean courageous, faculty member or a student body officer to find out exactly and precisely what is the level of integrity that is in operation here at this institution. I think that that becomes a prime responsibility. Yes, ma'am. [Woman] Can you explain what influence you had on the 1968 Olympic Games? [Speaker] The 1968 Olympic Games, I organized what was the Olympic Project for Human Rights, which culminated in a demonstration of John Carlos and Tommie Smith at the Mexico Games, as well as the boycott of the Games, and as well as the trials by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Mike Warren, who's with Hill Street Blues now, and Lucius Allen, a number of other people who simply even refused to go to the trial. And what we were basically doing was dramatizing the rip-off of the Black athlete in this country. Also making it clear that Black athletes have a responsibility owing to their prominence in this country. This whole thing that they used to do so consistently that you don't see, at least you see it as much now. Something happens in the Black community, and they go to an entertainer, or they go to an athlete. Geez, Willie, what do you think? I mean, those people out there running amok and burning, I mean, aren't things improved? I mean, look, Jackie Robinson came in, gosh, and you know, now look at all you guys. You're dominating and haven't things improved? Well, yeah, you see, now I'm doing lie. Like I'm doing all right, you know. And they bring this guy and put him in. You don't see too much of that anymore. Largely because I think it's pretty clear now that Black athletes have some responsibility. As close to that as we came was when Ali went over to Africa on behalf of Mr. Carter's boycott and got over there and realized what a dupe and a fool he was by even being over there and wound up asking the press for equal time to answer himself. But basically we don't see that anymore. And that was one of the goals that we had at that time. We also wanted to heighten the Black community's consciousness of some of the hidden dynamics and dimensions of the athletic involvement in this country. And the fact that some of our most aspirant and competitive young Black people were being systematically ripped off and channeled into a deity and a blind canyon from which very few ever emerged. And many of them wound up wrecked for life because they had put all of their eggs into that basket, only to find out that most of them, this whole dream of athletic stardom and so forth, thanks to racism, thanks to bad luck, thanks to fate, thanks to all kinds of things, along with the fact that there are only a limited number of positions available for athletes of any color, that all of this was raping the Black community of some of its most competitive, aspirant, and deserving young people. These young athletes, this thing that Jesse Jackson goes through when he goes into a Black community or with a group of young Black people and goes through this thing, I am somebody. You don't have to tell these kids that. These young athletes know that they are somebody. They believe that they can be the best. They believe that they can replace one of 1400 Black professional athletes that are in this country. They believe they can get one of those 1400 positions, all of which are already taken. They not only believe that they are as good as Dr. J. They think that they can make people forget Dr. J and OJ. So you don't have to go through this thing, I am somebody, with them. And then to turn around and have them end up the way I see so many of these young kids, no skills, no athletic contract, on dope, off in a gutter, during a breaststroke in their own vomit as a result of an overdose at 22, 23, 24 years old. These are not bums. These aren't kids who are, these are the ones who are willing to go out and put in eight, nine, 10 hours. You go to any Black community in this country. I don't care how much snow there is on the ground. I don't care whether it's raining or not. You go out there and these kids out there dribbling that ball. I mean, and they've been out there all day, putting in that kind of time. What would happen if we wised up and these young kids put that same energy? You can't tell me that a kid who can learn a 250 page playbook at Iowa State University can't also learn, you know, a 250 page textbook. What would happen if they put that energy? If we had the same emphasis on learning to wield a scalpel as learning to perfect a behind-the-back pass and a between-the-legs dribble. Some of these kids have the capability of finding the cure to cancer, of contributing to finding a cure to the common cold, of writing the greatest philosophical treatise in the history of the world. And they are wasting their time trying to be a one of 1400 Black athletes making a living as professionals in this country. That's a shame. That's inhuman mockery. And to a very substantial degree, the Black community has helped perpetuate that. We have set our kids up for it through our inordinate emphasis on sports. And then we've literally turned around and sold them to the highest bidders among collegian athletic recruiters and got literally nothing in return on the average for either them or for ourselves. The Black family has had a role in this. The Black community has had a role in this. So the thing in 1968 was aimed at heightening our consciousness of those hidden dynamics of sport and the impact of these dynamics at a time when everybody thought, wow, you know, if you can play some sports, you got it made. Our heroes were Jesse Owens and Joe Louis and Muhammad Ali. And if you could play some athletics, you had it made. You were Superman. And what we were saying was the same thing that even Jackie Robinson wound up saying when he titled his autobiography, his final statement on race in both sport and America, I Never Had It Made. We were telling them that, hey. You don't have it made. This is one of the cruelest traps. You are looking here, when you look at sport, you are looking at an institutional fall-shrouded minefield. And unless you are very conscious with your eyes open, you're going to wind up being victimized by it. My judgment is that we've made a substantial amount of progress in that regard. We have by no means resolved the problem, because the problem keeps shifting and changing and becoming more subtle. You've got to deal with fiascos such as Rule 48 under the NCAA's 1983 January Convention And that whole thing where you wind up fighting Blacks to save Blacks, as well as getting on the side of the NCAA to help sink their strategy. It's a very complex kind of thing. But I have a tremendous amount of faith in Black folks, you know? I look at the situation, and I mean, even Rip Van Winkle eventually woke up. He was asleep for 20 years but he eventually woke up. And I think that young Black people in particular will also wake up. And I think that even some older Black folks will wake up. We've made a lot of progress in that regard. Today, we are discussing and debating the best way to deal with the problem. In 1968, we were debating whether or not that was a problem. And so, that's progress. That's really progress. Yes. [Man] I'm not ignoring that your speech was very powerful, okay? But I don't agree with everything you've said. [Speaker] Hey, I'm glad to hear that, man. That's what makes us individuals. [Man] It seems that, you said, the answer is in the Black family, but also in the individual. [Speaker] Yes. [Man] But don't you think that maybe we should look at even higher levels, that there needs some structural changes? [Speaker] Oh yeah. [Man] Maybe, Blacks and other minorities are these victims of a structural inconsistency. [Speaker] Oh, without question. Without question.\r\n\r\n- [Man] Yeah. [Speaker] We have to look at all levels. [Man] Right. And now the league wouldn't, hopefully, prescribe weak material goals, okay. Just completely material goals by mistake. But we don't have a legit as a dean propositioning to the team. [Speaker] That's right. [Man] For the longest time, the only way that we could even rule out so they would believe that we are a team, you know, was through entertainment and athletics. [Speaker] That's right. [Man] Athletics wouldn't have any. But now, you're a sociology of Florida. [Speaker] Yeah, we see it like everything else. [Man] Right. That maybe the deployment of enervative function may be for the betterment of society. [Speaker] Yeah, yeah. Yeah, that's right. That's right. [Man] So what is the answer? [Speaker] Well, we have to move on all levels. It's like most problems that are of any significance. You have to move on everything at once. That's why they call it a struggle rather than a picnic. If it were easy, where you just had to go out and just fine-tune this, it would be cool. But I'm saying we're going to have to move on all levels at once. That's why I'm here talking to you, hoping that you will spread the word to the brothers on the block and so forth and get that part out. That the white brothers and sisters here who are gonna be teaching, who are gonna be on this faculty, who are gonna be in this student body, will begin to look at the athletic program at this university and see what can be done in a constructive fashion to deal with that. And at the same time, I'm dealing with the Black college presidents and some of that buffoonery, while trying to also short-circuit their plot and plan in the duplicity of the NCAA and make people aware of that situation. So we have to move on all levels at the same time, and hopefully we'll be able to pull it together. It's a very, very difficult task, but at the bottom line, in the meanwhile, this young man, this young woman can't wait on all of that to come together. I mean, and so after all the hollering and screaming about the racism of the test and all the howling and screaming about the racism of the society and how it's set up structurally to keep us on the bottom and to rip us off, that's as old as slavery. I mean, the next thing you know, somebody will be telling me that my nose has two holes in it. I know that. I see that every time I look in the mirror in the morning. So what I'm saying is, what else is new? We've got to deal with that. We've known that for 400 years. In the meanwhile, it doesn't make sense for the young people involved not to try to behave as intelligently as possible in terms of this situation. I'm not advocating that young Blacks get out of sport. It has provided us some excellent avenues for reaffirming some things about ourselves. I wouldn't be standing here if it were not for an athletic scholarship, because my parents couldn't send me across town on the bus, much less out to California to participate in sports. And also, I think that we have to recognize that Black achievement in sports vindicates a stand held by Blacks since slavery. And that is that the basic thing that we have lacked in American society is not the skills or the intellect or the capability or competence or competitiveness or will or discipline. The basic thing that we have lacked in American society is an equitable opportunity. So every time I see Dr. J operate or every time I see a Gale Sayers or an O.J. Simpson or a Walter Payton flow the length of a football field like hot oil flowing down a slanted pane of glass. Every time I see Reggie Jackson eyeball one into the top tier of some stadium, then I recognize that, you know, that's the soul. That's the people, that's the soul of Black folks made visible to the naked eye. And that's very, very important. We have to stay in there. We have to be involved with sport in America, because we're inextricably involved with America. But at the same time, we have to participate intelligently. And everybody has a role in that. And we have to move on all levels at the same time. I think I'm probably overextended, in terms of somebody trying to be activist and scholar and idiolog and strategist and everything else. And I don't advocate that everybody go into that, but I think that we all have a role to play in something this big. Let me end with just once last thing. I know I'm over. This brings me to the point of the side of the David and Goliath thing that nobody talks about but which is just as important as what actually happened. David was in his tent preparing to go out and do battle, when the people around him heard this tremendous rumble. The people who were helping him to get himself together to do this great battle, they heard this big rumble. And so these warriors stepped out and took a look, and they came back and their knees were knocking and they were wringing their hands and saying, \"Ooh, this dude is so big, \"nobody can defeat him.\" And David had never seen these brave warriors react this way. So he decided to go out and take a look for himself. And so he stepped out of the tent and about two minutes later, he came back in, but he wasn't trembling. He had a smile on his face, and he was twirling his slingshot. And he said, \"Ooh, this dude is so big, \"nobody can miss him.\" And so what I'm telling you in terms of this situation is that this thing is so big and so funky and so nasty that nobody who is sincerely interested in dealing with this problem can avoid finding something that they can do to make a contribution to its solution. Thank you very much. I really appreciated your time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36646/file/105782#t=0.0,2702.39347"}]}]}]}