{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/td9n29q10r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Bellecourt, Clyde H., Native American Perspectives on Sacred Lands"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Native American Perspectives on Sacred Lands. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=15.02,19.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pressed between pages of other people's history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=19.72,23.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker 2:\u003c/strong\u003e During the colonization of North America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=27.699,29.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the bones of its original inhabitants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=29.93,31.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were regarded as little more than scientific curiosities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=31.8,35.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Archeologists and anthropologists have collected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=35.4,38.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and studied the (inaudible).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=38.36,40.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the native Americans want their ancestors back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=40.15,44.664"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker 3:\u003c/strong\u003e This is going to be a terrible loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=44.664,46.036"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=46.036,46.869"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To me it's just like burning 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(inaudible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=58.32,60.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(jazzy music)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=74.69,77.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Speaker 3:\u003c/strong\u003e This is where it all began back in 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34.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=105.426,107.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it was when they found a cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=109.45,112.612"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was part of a village at the turn of the 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He said that's his job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=135.42,139.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we called him in to do this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=139.502,141.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And put them in new caskets and took 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that America has today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2154.06,2156.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was given to them by Indian people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2158.47,2161.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they wrote into their treaty like the Dakota 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language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2457.5,2459.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who knows you might be president someday, huh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2459.9,2462.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A great doctor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2462.29,2463.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A great educator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2463.14,2464.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what she would tells us all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2466.01,2469.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every time we asked a question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2469.2,2470.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she never once ever told us what they did to her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2470.47,2473.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Late at night (inaudible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2475.29,2477.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'd think all the children were sleeping upstairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2480.873,2483.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(door knock)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2483.857,2486.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These old ladies whispering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2486.02,2487.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't want us to hear them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2487.22,2489.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They greet one another in the Anishinaabi language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2490.61,2493.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They come here and they drink coffee and eat pie.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2494.107,2496.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tell stories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2496.81,2498.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harley was talking about today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2498.32,2499.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Laughs. They get noisy and noisy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2501.24,2503.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, they couldn't keep it down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2503.2,2504.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we'd hear him pretty soon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2504.93,2506.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They'd be laughing so hard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2506.87,2508.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Someone would be crying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2508.16,2509.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They follow it up the chair.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2509.29,2510.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the alarm clock would go off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2511.995,2513.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(inauible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=2515.057,2517.307"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29934/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/934/original/AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_a.vtt?1624896288","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/934/original/AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_a.vtt?1624896288"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29935","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532/transcript/29935/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Speaker 1] We were treated like collections of toy whistles and butterflies and we were simply pressed between pages of other people's history.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker 2] During the colonization of North America, the bones of its original inhabitants were regarded as little more than scientific curiosities. Archeologists and anthropologists have collected and studied the . Now the native Americans want their ancestors back.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker 3] This is going to be a terrible loss of knowledge. To me it's just like burning books.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker 1] Messengers and anthropologists have been dead for too long\r\n\r\n- [Speaker 3] This is where it all began back in 1971. My husband John Pearson was the construction engineer in charge of rebuilding highway 34. And it was when they found a cemetery. It was part of a village at the turn of the century. My husband came in from work and he says, \"honey you're going to be really upset when I tell you what happened to work today.\" And he told me that... they had taken 26 white people out of their graves. And I said who do did that. And he said the state archeologist. He said that's his job. And we called him in to do this. And put them in new caskets and took them to the local cemetery for reburial. But he said they took the Indian girl and her baby and put their remains in a box and took her to Iowa city for study. And I said that's discrimination. If they were all buried at the same time then they should have studied the 26 white people too. When I went out to pray that night I heard a tingly sound that came through almost like... crystals. And I heard my grandma say, \"I told you girl you would have to stand up for what you believe in. And she said, \"you must protect where your ancestors lie.\" The following morning, Maria made the journey to the state capital to see the governor of Iowa. If I was going to go for advice to anybody, I would have went to my chief and said that... He is supposed to be the chief in charge of everybody in Iowa. So I went to see him. I walked right into the capital building and went up to the governors office. I happened to look up and the governor was peaking at me around the corner of the door, and I thought, well, he can't be too bad. So when I entered the room the governor was standing in front of his desk and he sat down. And I said, no, thank you. I can stand for what I have to say to you. And he said, \"well then how can I help you?\" I said, \"you can give me back my people's bones and you can quit digging them up.\r\n\r\n- [Speaker 2] And in 1976, the state of Iowa passed the first law in America, protecting Indian burial sites. Law after law followed in other states, but the legislation was particularly in California. We discovered a charred area in the desert sand.\r\n\r\n- Hi, my name is Jeannie Balenger. I'm a senior in wildlife biology here at Iowa state. And I'm the president of the United native American student association and of the American Indian rights organizations. And I would like to welcome you to the keynote address of the 33rd annual symposium \"I'm American Indian\", here at Iowa state university. This year's theme is turtle Island, sacred land and we will also be having continuous events through tomorrow as well. In the morning the symposium will show the film \"Who Owns the Past\" with commentary and discussion from 09:00 to 11:00 AM in the gallery upstairs. There will also be activities for children at the same time, in rooms 244 to 246, and these will include storytelling, flute playing and various crafts and adults are welcome there as well, of course. In the afternoon and evening there will be a celebratory exhibition parallel with grant entries at one-seven in the Folker gym and these events are all free and open to the public and we would hope that you will be able to join us for all or part of them. The 2004 33rd annual symposium on the American Indian is sponsored by Iowa state universities, American Indian symposium committee and the native student groups on campus. The United native American student association, the American Indian rights organization and American Indian science and engineering society. The original artwork for the 2004 symposium image was created by last year's featured artist, James Starkey. Funding and support for the program are provided by the government of the student body, the university committee on lectures, the United native American student association, the American Indian rights organization, the American Indian science and engineering society, American Indian studies program, David and Hannah Gradwall, the office of the president and the office of the provost. Also the colleges of design, agriculture and liberal arts and sciences, the department of art and design, architecture, landscape architecture, anthropology and natural resource ecology management as well as the Richard Thompson Memorial fund. The student union board, the college of design art club, the office of minority student affairs, office of the vice president of student affairs, the center for excellence in arts and humanities, pioneer hybrid international, and the Miller lectures fund. The keynote speaker at the symposium is also known as the Richard Thompson Memorial speaker. And before we introduce our speaker tonight I would like to introduce David Gradwell. ISU professor of anthropology, retired, and former advisor of a native student groups on campus to say a few words about this event.\r\n\r\n- [David] Good evening. I want to add my welcome to you to Iowa state University's 33rd annual American Indian symposium entitled, Turtle Island, Sacred Land. I also congratulate the co-chairs for the 2004 American Indian symposium committee. Irma Wilson, Lynn Paxton, Joe Wagner, Jean spar, Ballenger and Eric Land for organizing this excellent program. The American Indian symposium is the oldest and longest continuing project dealing with diversity and multicultural awareness on the ISU campus. The lecture this evening honors the memory of an ISU graduate who devoted his life to assisting descendants of the original inhabitants of Turtle Island, particularly in the areas of education and legal rights. The presentation this evening is the 31st in a series of annual lectures... dedicated to the memory of Richard Debbie Thompson. Rick's parents, Larry and March Thompson, from Kansas City are with us again this evening as they have been almost every year since 1971. Joining them and us this evening is their daughter, Susie. The Thompson family's continuing interest in support of Iowa state university and the American Indian symposium are appreciated. Rick Thompson was born at Glens Falls, New York, on April 19th, 1949. He grew up in Kansas city and came Ames to attend ISU. During his residence in Ames, Rick served as clerk of the Ames friends meeting. As a 20 year old, Rick was respected as a leader of both young and old. While at ISU, Rick was a member of the Cyclone Aides, Cardinal key and the university lectures committee. He graduated in 1971 with majors in anthropology and geology. Rick was on the national affairs Institute committee and chaired the first American Indian symposium in 1971. Outcomes of that symposium included the formation of UNASA, the United Native American Student Association. And several years later, the American Indian studies program at ISU. After graduation, Rick worked in Washington DC with the friends committee on national legislation in Indian Affairs. As a Quaker, Rick was opposed to the war in Vietnam. But he went to Vietnam as a volunteer civilian worker at the Quang Ngai hospital. In pursuit of his duties there he met a tragic and untimely death in an airplane crash on November 17th, 1973. Rick Thompson's life was dedicated to the attainment of human rights for American Indians and all human beings. His example of optimizes the dedication to purpose, an action necessary to attain these goals. His exemplary spirit continues to inspire and motivate us today as we continue the struggle to recognize and maintain human diversity on campus, in our nation and throughout the world. Introducing the 2004 Richard Thompson Memorial lecture is Jeannie Ballenger, and you heard previously. She is an active participant and leader in American Indian organizations on campus and the American Indian symposium committee. This year she is president of both your UNASA and AIRO, the American Indian Rights Organization. She's a busy woman.\r\n\r\n- [Jeannie] Thank you, David Tonight's speaker is Clyde H Bellecourt from the White Earth Ojibwe nation. Clyde Bellecourt is a lifelong proponent of American Indian civil and spiritual rights. Co-founding the American Indian movement in 1968, marching on Washington DC and occupying the Bureau of Indian Affairs building in 1972 and participating in the occupation of wounded knee in South Dakota in 1973. Mr. Bellecourt's activism moved into education, spirituality and cultural survival when he founded the Federation of Native American Controlled survival schools in 1975 and continues with his activities such as founder and chairman of the circle for survival consortium 1980, founder and executive director of the Elaine Enn Steadily Peacemaker Center in 1989, as well as spiritual organizer and leader gathering at the Sacred Pipe Sundance, an international elders and youth spiritual gathering 1991, 1998. Mr. Bellecourt continues to hold positions with many other organizations he founded and is nationally known and highly sought after speaker on spirituality, American Indian civil rights and sacred concerns. Mr. Bellecourt was born on the White Earth reservation in Minnesota and has firsthand knowledge of native American sacred land concerns throughout the country. His talk tonight is entitled, \"Sacred Spaces and Places: A Native American perspective.\" Please help me welcome Mr. Clyde Bellecourt. My real name is Nee-gon-we-way-we-dun, or the thunder before the storm. And I certainly like that a lot better than Clyde. But I didn't get that name at birth as I should have because when I was born... 67 years ago... we were forbidden by the United States government, the United States of America to have traditional, spiritual names. I didn't get my name until I came home from wounded knee in 1973, after being fatally shot by an FBI operative on the Rosebud reservation and survived. When I got home, unknown to me, Tobacco was given to a young spiritual leader from Wisconsin by name 5th degree grand chief for the Three Fires Society, the Medallia or hard way of life. They wanted to honor me, the small band of Anishinaabe people and nation. They wanted to present me with an Eagle feather and they wanted to recognize me as a chief and that by the way, has passed down through my family. But in order to receive that Eagle Feather, to even touch an Eagle Feather at one time you had to have an Indian name. And so this young man was sent off into the woods unknown to me... to fast, so the creator would come to him through a vision, through a dream and tell him what my name would be. And he said on the third day of his fast, at three o'clock in the morning, sleeping, dreaming he could see the sheet lightning coming from the West, lighting up the sky. As it got closer to where he was way out in the woods by himself and the trees started to blow back and forth. And all of a sudden the bolt of lightning and thunder woke him up. It started to drizzle. The next day and next morning I was invited into a purification ceremony prior to receiving this Eagle feather, to prepare myself for that beautiful ceremony that was taking place. He told me that my name... the creator had bestowed in him Nee-gon-we-way-we-dun in his dream in the storm that came, that I would be the thunder before the storm, from that day forth. That's how beautiful it was at one time in our history. Every morning, without failure, every single morning, every tribe in this nation, every Indian person here in the Western hemisphere, at one time having the names given to them by the creator to grandfather, great spirit, God the same person at every single one of you in this room believes in, we did too. We had our own way of communicating. We had no religion. Religion was unknown to us... at that time. Religion came over on a boat. Jesus and the devil came to... in a bottle of alcohol. None of them existed in this part of the world but we had a way, a very sacred, traditional way of life. Every tribe, every person, every family, every nation had ceremonies that they performed. Every morning when they got up they prepared themselves with prayer and songs and they're shakers asking for guidance that day. Whether it would be, if where not to hunt, where not to fish, where not to pick the blueberries. Hunt the buffaloes. Whatever they were going to do, they asked the creator for guidance. Then when they got home... when they came back home from their fishing trips or picking blueberries or harvesting the wild rice, and they came back home... There was a Thanksgiving. Every single day of the week, and then people celebrated. They didn't wait till the last Thursday of the month of November Abraham Lincoln declared the Thanksgiving. They didn't have to wait until then. They were thankful for everything that they had, everything that they received. And when they prayed they never asked for anything for themselves. But they asked the creator They asked her to provide for those that were in need, to help those that needed help. In every one of our prayers here today, we're told never to ask anything for ourself, but for those that are hurting, those that are in pain, those that are hungry, we pray for them, because we know that hundreds and thousands of other people are also praying and they're praying for us so we don't have to pray for ourselves. That's the way it was. Everything was done in a traditional ceremonial sacred way, at one time before those books arrived here. When Christopher Columbus landed here in the Caribbean, he made a statement back to King Ferdinand and Isabella. He said he came upon the people. One of the most civilized people in the world, anywhere in the world, he came upon a paradise where everything was pure. The water that you drink, you could drink it right out of the rivers and the lakes. It was pure and clean. He said, there are people that need no Bible because they practice that way of life, 24 hours a day. He said, they'll give you anything. Anything that you asked them for. Anything! They'll take the shirt off their back if you're cold and you're wet and they'll give it to you. He said, they're a perfect... Perfect for exploitation. All this part of mother earth was a sacred site at that time in history. Historians today are saying, including the newly... commissioner that they're trying to, right now, vote in at the state legislature, Sherry Pearson. I've seen that he inadvertently... inadvertently brought smallpox with him. One of the crew members. She was at public radio on November 5th. She made some Caucasian. non-Indian. She's going to change all the social studies standards, she's going to take up all the the hunting and fishing rights, the sovereignty, the struggle Indian people are going through, the American Indian movement, Chief Joseph, all of our great leaders, philosophers. She's going to take them all out of the curriculum. And the Republicans are introducing a whole new social studies standards for all the children, all the students in Minnesota. So we have a bit Pocahontas in here, Christopher Columbus, Squanto. They're going to replace all the advancements that Indian people made. And this Caucasian, this non Indian person whose daughter goes to school in Minneapolis called on public radio. The whole state was listening. If you're going to teach my daughter, if you're going to make Christopher Columbus the hero then I want you to teach her about the genocide and the smallpox. She said, absolutely not. Absolutely not. That didn't happen here in America. That happened in Germany, under Stalin and Hitler. It didn't happen here in America. She shocked the whole state senators and congress men. Representatives were calling me playing the video tape, playing the audio of that statement. I got a call. Some of the noted historians, Dr. Roger Buffalo, one of the former historians in history of the Dakota people in the state of Minnesota. They already heard what was said. Would you prepare some papers? Would you put something down on paper? I need it next Tuesday. I'm going to the department of education. And I'm going to have one of the most massive demonstrations ever had there. To confront this commissioner before she has confirmed. They put all that together. I couldn't believe I'm still a student myself. I'm still learning. I know about that much... About our own people. I was never allowed to learn all those things when I was a child. They told me that just 21 years after Columbus landed in the Caribbean there was 11.5 million Indian people erased from the face. They went out to write the history of the conquistadors. Talked about how Columbus... they didn't bring him up gold they cut your fingers off. So many ounces of gold that if they didn't bring them in, they cut your hands, pretty soon, their arms and then their heads. An even if it was brought here inadvertently, the smallpox was used from that day forth. 11.5 million Indian people in 21 years. The conquistadors they talked about, they did their work Doctor Buffalo head, Doctor Cavander... They did their work. It talks about how he used to fill the coliseums with Indian people - women, and children. They would ride with their horses and bet money on who could cut the heads off us. There's estimates now that over 100 million Indian people have been erased from the face of the earth. Dr. Chris Cavender, noted historian. Marshall state university, Marshall Minnesota, came out with what happened there. When the most massive Haynes in the history of America took place right there the day after Christmas in 1862, when they hung 38 Dakota people. He said they're following the little co-uprising. The little co-uprising in 1862. There was hundreds and thousands of Dakota people rounded up and they were taken to what they call military tribunals. Almost like an assembly belt. Never spent more than three or five minutes in the courtroom. Somebody would point them on... \"I saw him at this assault that took place. I saw him shoot this white man. This farmer. I saw him touch that white lady\" and they convict him. When they got done, they had over 400 of them. Over 400 of them were scheduled to be hung. Fortunately, for most of them, they didn't have enough rope. They were supposed to hang them on November 5th. They had the requisition, the rope, mall away from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. And while that process wasn't... to get that rope was a process, Bishop William Whipple, the Episcopal church went the visit Honest Abe in Washington, DC. He pled the case. \"I know this family. They go to my church. They've been Christianized. They're good people. You can't allow them, President, to be hung. And so Abraham Lincoln sat down with them. They started racing all the names. They got all the way down to 38. And the political pressure was so intense from state of Minnesota. The pioneer press was calling for blood and he finally cut it out. He said, \"I can't go any further.\" He signed a death certificate on 38 Dakota people. When that orders came down, it was Christmas time. Peace on earth, Goodwill toward men. Can't hang them that day. So the day after Christmas... One day after Christmas, thousands of people gathered. Doctors came from all over the world. William Mayo, the Mayo people... the Mayo brothers were there. He marched them out of the and sat above the entrance into the... Where they were going to be hung. Peace on earth Goodwill toward men. He took those 38 people, put them up over 1200 bands and then drums and everything were there to play for this execution. Doctors came from all over to with the bodies, to use them in the higher schools of learning and Mayo clinic for pre-med studies. The only thing that they... They were opposed to the hoods that they put over their head They struggled and talking in Indian to interpret they didn't want those hoods to be put on their head. They wanted to look the creator the was gone. Grandfather was coming up in the East and they wanted to look to creator. Look at him. Pray. And as the band then started... The drums started to roll, these Indian people, they turned around and they started twisting themselves and they turned around and they joined hands together. They handcuffed their hands tight. The band stopped playing because the Indian people started singing. They were singing a prayer song, saying that they were ready. They did their job. And they're ready now to get their life for the people. They pulled the doors and they dropped. Later on they found out that many of them, had they been tried... given proper trial, probably not one of them would have been hung. William Mayo, When the American Indian movement was formed and born in July of 1968, they were still using... for studies at Mayo clinic, in Rochester, Minnesota. Nobody knew that. The other great chief that was really against the uprising reluctantly joined it when the young warriors confronted him They were starving. All of the food and all the medicine that was promised that tribe in return for all the land that was given up in the treaty of 1856. All the food and the medicine was rotting in the warehouses in St. Paul. And these young warriors, they went to confront the Indian agent called night hungry. So if they didn't have the food, didn't have this medicine their people would not... They would perish. And the trader laughed at them and told them that, as far as he was concerned, they could eat grass. That's the only one of the stories told that has touched off the war of 1862. The little co-uprising. When it was over, they started rounding up all the Dakota people. Even if they believed that thought that they were involved in the uprising in any way they could kill them. Individuals would kill them and bring their Sculpin. We didn't know anything about scalping in Minnesota Colonel Sibley under governor Ramsey cleared up that policy. $25 a scalp. They didn't bring enough in so they raised it to $80 and at the tail end of that policy, they were paying $200 a scalp. The Indians referred to him as long knife Sibley. That's the history that was gathered in just four days by the scholars. Documented history that can be found through work. Hard work. Studies could be found in given. All this package was prepared. We took it to the press conference. Three doctors showed up to make the statements. And then I found out something that was totally astounding to me. Something I knew nothing about. That in 1868, then president of the United States, Ulysses Grant put together a special commission in Washington, DC, to find out the cost of eliminating all Indian people left in America. 1868. First, they could do that because we weren't even considered human beings at that time. And when they brought the report back they estimated that it would cost $6.5 billion to eradicate all Indian people, but hundreds and thousands of non-Indians and mixed would die in the process. So they shelved that. They put that aside and went into the peacemaking era. Knowing... beforehand that every treaty that they made with us when it became necessary to violate them they would violate them. And almost every treaty that was made our grandfather... not the government. We are the ones that gave up the land. They didn't give us nothing. I always here this... I don't know why you Indian people are complaining. We gave you this big reservation and they ain't give us nothing. We were one of the greatest welfare agencies in the world at one time. Everything. Everything! Everything that America has today was given to them by Indian people. So they wrote into their treaty like the Dakota nation. This pass up by the sacred land that you set aside for your spiritual and traditional way of life for your ceremony. This is where your creation story begins. In wind cave and the black hills. The chiefs rented... This was the only way they could understand forever. This man would be yours. As long as the grass grows green the rivers flow or the sun shines. But they must have some invisible ink we didn't know about. This man will be yours. As long as the grass was green the rivers flow or the sun shines. Or until we discover some gold, huh? Until we find some uranium. Or we find some oil or some rich timber forest or water that is needed. Then the grass would quit growing. The rivers would quit flowing. and the sun would quit shining. That's the history. That's what happened to Indian people. All of their sacred sites were taken from them through this deception, through these liars is being exploited yet today. It's perfectly all right. Perfectly all right to dig up Indian burial grounds, take artifacts out of them either put them on display or market them around the world. I've seen little clay pots that were taken out of graves and Dixon mounts in Bloomington, Illinois. Little clay pots, not bigger than that... Sold for $60,000 in Europe. It's a multi-billion dollar business to rob Indian graves and sell these artifacts or put them in museums all over the world. It happened to every tribe in this nation. I was fortunate that Snyde listened to... Daniel Wildcat. I always enjoy listening to him. Sometimes I just close my eyes and I can feel and see everything that he is saying. How people have to wake up and take a look around and look at what the Indian people still have to offer. Maybe we will survive or we start practicing some of that way of life. And today, when my sister here was speaking it was hard for me the pain inside me she talked about her mother. Lack of compassion that she felt as a child because I was taken away from her her mother, the boarding school systems and their father how she looked up to her grandma as her mother. Looked up to her aunties as her mother because it took care of her. They gave her the love that she needed. Every Indian in this country has been through that. Every one of us. Usually when I opened talks I talk about my mother. I talk about my father. Because sometimes people say oh that that Clyde Bellecourt, they were militants and they were radicals. They don't represent me. When I talk about my mother and I talk about my father I'm talking about every Indian in America. Whether they like it or not. My mother was eight years old off to a boarding school. Was there for nine and a half years. Twice the time that most rapists and murderers spend in prison. My mother was taken to that boarding school. Punished severely every time they caught her speaking Indian. Not just her, hundreds and thousands. All of our mothers, all of our grandmothers all of her grandfathers, uncles and aunts every one of them went through that. Not just mine. When I was growing up as a little boy my mom, when the weather changed, her legs would swell up. Her knees. Mom! I had seven sisters and four other brothers. Mom, what's wrong with your legs? How come they're hurting? Oh, it's just the weather. It's just the weather, she would say. Go to school. Study hard, learn the English language. Who knows you might be president someday, huh? A great doctor A great educator. That's what she would tells us all the time. Every time we asked a question she never once ever told us what they did to her. Late at night they'd think all the children were sleeping upstairs. These old ladies whispering. They didn't want us to hear them. They greet one another in the Anishinaabi language. They come here and they drink coffee and eat pie. Tell stories. Harley was talking about today. Laughs. They get noisy and noisy. You know, they couldn't keep it down. So we'd hear him pretty soon. They'd be laughing so hard. Someone would be crying. They follow it up the chair. Then the alarm clock would go off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118532#t=0.0,2829.13959"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_b.mp3"]},"duration":2616.42449,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/118/533/small/lecture.png?1624896291","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/118/533/original/AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_b.mp3?1624896291","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2616.42449,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e In the Stillwater State Prison,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=5.137,6.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a young in solitary confinement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=6.98,9.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never thought I would see daylight again or be free.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=10.28,14.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One day I heard a young man go by my cell, and (tsks)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=15.583,18.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(whistles) I looked out (faintly speaking).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=18.565,23.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was an Indian!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=24.924,26.341"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I start thinking to myself, what's wrong with this guy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=27.264,30.666"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Doesn't he know he's in prison?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=30.666,33.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the heck is he whistling about?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=33.385,36.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He came and talked to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=36.361,38.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a full-blooded Anishinaabe person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=39.312,43.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he started telling me about this Indian studies program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=43.129,46.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're gonna create there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=46.459,49.002"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They found out that every Indian in that institution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=49.002,51.466"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and every Indian in every institution in America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=51.466,54.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in prisons are in there for alcohol-related crimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=54.81,59.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're in there for that lesser crimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=60.313,61.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they do the most time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=61.65,63.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They never go to AA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=64.23,65.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They never going to skilled and technical trades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=66.33,68.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They never go to take courses in higher education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=68.143,71.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They just do their time, go out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=71.45,72.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and repeat again, like myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=72.283,74.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they felt, him and a young, white, Caucasian caseworker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=76.537,81.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all people, felt that maybe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=81.11,82.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they could create some type of a program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=82.97,86.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would bring the Indian inmates together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=86.25,88.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and learn, teach them about their culture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=90.29,92.581"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about their traditional way of life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=92.581,94.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the drum and the sacred pipe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=94.863,96.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the use of tobacco and medicines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=96.417,98.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about their history, all the contributions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=99.84,102.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were made to modern-day society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=102.47,104.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe they would start feeling good about themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=104.9,106.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wanna go on to higher education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=106.687,109.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skilled and technical trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=109.11,110.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"started developing pre-release program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=110.86,113.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dealing with their alcohol and their drugs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=113.48,115.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They asked me if I would help them organize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=117.01,120.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I grew up with every one of these boys,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=120.78,123.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the young men.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=123.06,123.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I always had the best football, best softball,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=124.73,126.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"best basketball, best boxing team.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=126.939,129.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We excelled in all sports, Indian people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=129.6,131.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They felt if I could organize the Indians like that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=132.82,135.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could certainly organize them to come 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Huh?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=480.98,483.915"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't you think they wanna go to school and be somebody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=483.915,486.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Won't they feel proud of who they were, their 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Confederacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=493.92,496.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He made a very ignorant remark when he came home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=497.45,500.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said he couldn't understand how six Savage nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=502.405,506.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could live in peace and harmony","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=506.22,508.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for hundreds of years without warfare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=508.38,510.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they copied their great Confederacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=511.49,513.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"drew up their Federation of States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=513.61,515.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The very constitution that we live under today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=515.56,517.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was copied from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=517.89,519.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every tribe had those forms of government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=520.9,524.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ways of dealing with conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=525.85,528.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every tribe had a,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=528.89,530.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're coining a new phrase now in America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=530.65,532.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they call it restorative justice. (chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=532.12,536.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Comes from Indian people. They all had that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=536.05,538.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The elders, the whole community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=538.87,540.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would come together to settle disputes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=540.35,544.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You bring restorative justice to Indian people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=544.13,547.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How come they don't teach our children that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=547.06,549.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"87% of the children\\ right in Minneapolis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=551.04,553.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are entering the ninth grade today are not graduated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=554.46,557.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they could change that a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=560.25,561.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they just got rid of all this junk curricula.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=561.75,564.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just teach the truth. Nothing else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=567.01,569.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't want nothing but the truth, nothing else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=569.13,572.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't want anything else but the truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=572.259,574.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what I'm saying here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=578.88,580.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a time before those boats came here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=581.63,586.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all earth here was sacred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=587.77,590.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was honored that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=592.97,594.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Midewiwin ceremonies, I'm the (speaks native language)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=596.002,598.962"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Three Fire Society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=598.962,600.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm the head male warrior dancer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=600.2,603.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Three Fires Society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=605.69,607.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every day of the week, they get up at daybreak","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=609.06,613.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the ceremonies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=613.74,615.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a fire that is lit when the camp starts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=615.853,618.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's never allowed to go out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=618.31,620.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody's allowed to throw gum wrappers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=620.59,622.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or empty cigarettes packs or anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=622.84,625.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That fire is sacred. It represents life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=625.343,628.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they give tobacco.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=630.207,631.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You come in, they sage you down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=631.92,633.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you go into the lodge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=633.34,636.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And take your tobacco","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=636.017,637.296"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first thing you do when you enter the lodge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=637.296,639.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you go and offer that tobacco","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=639.73,641.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to that fire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=644.25,645.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I believe that that through the smoke","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=647.496,649.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is carried to the Creator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=649.58,651.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You say your prayers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=652.92,655.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when the prayer is all the tobacco","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=655.71,657.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once they said it, they come around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=657.51,659.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They collect tobacco from every one of you in the lodge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=659.26,662.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every one of you are required to carry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=662.83,664.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little pouch like this, always with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=664.96,668.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not talking about Chesterfield and Marlboros","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=669.11,671.414"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=671.414,672.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about kinnikinnick, red 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misdemeanor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1081.53,1084.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a slap on the wrist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1085.651,1086.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People can still today go into 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anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1141.42,1144.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're the only race of human beings left here in America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1144.41,1148.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's used as mascots 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away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1185.15,1186.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We arrived there about 10 o'clock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1186.91,1188.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the time we got 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We prayed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1195.725,1198.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Had a drum, we sang together, smoked a pipe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1198.15,1200.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we started marching toward the 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crying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1394.37,1395.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I looked down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1397.9,1398.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a little Indian woman about that big.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1400.12,1402.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She had buckskin on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1404.69,1405.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She had a blanket wrapped around her back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1405.65,1407.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and her little baby on her back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1407.833,1410.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And she started speaking Indian to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1411.03,1413.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't know what she was saying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1414.46,1416.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how to speak Indian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1416.71,1417.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't understand what she was saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1417.94,1419.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I knew what she was saying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1419.83,1421.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just knew what she was saying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1421.72,1423.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I looked around to see if anybody had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1425.22,1426.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody saw it, just me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1426.7,1428.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She said, \"I wanna be covered up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1429.38,1431.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna be covered up.\" And she disappeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1432.36,1434.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I went back to the crowd, and I told them what happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1435.505,1438.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Does anybody have shovels?\" No one had a shovel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1438.797,1442.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here comes this biker, (chuckles) Hell's Angel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1443.89,1446.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 50 years old and all scraggly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1447.28,1449.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Hell's Angels leather jacket on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1449.19,1452.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He come up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1452.11,1452.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"Mr. Bellecourt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1452.943,1453.776"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could get you all the shovels you want.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1453.776,1456.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got paranoid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1456.41,1457.889"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"FBI infiltrated us, you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1457.889,1461.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I got paranoid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1461.123,1462.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I said to him, \"Where are you gonna get them?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1463.09,1465.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, \"Don't worry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1465.98,1466.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It'll just take me about a half-hour.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1466.813,1468.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I took two brothers, warriors, and I said, \"Go with him.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1468.02,1470.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I didn't trust him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1470.4,1471.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure enough, about half-hour later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1472.41,1474.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he comes with a big sleeping bag","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1474.09,1476.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with seven or eight shovels in there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1476.95,1478.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We started handing out the shovels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1481.46,1483.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once again, saged everybody down 'cause I was told,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1483.84,1486.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was told that you have to sage everybody down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1487.73,1490.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then when they come out of there, you gotta use cedar water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1490.96,1493.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You gotta wash them down good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1493.92,1495.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they come out of there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1495.89,1497.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these little boys,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1497.197,1498.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they wanted to go down there and help,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1498.62,1499.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two little boys young as my grandson.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1499.81,1501.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we lowered them down first, held their 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bodies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1508.9,1511.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the skeletons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1511.8,1513.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These deafening sirens went off from all 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up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1524.306,1526.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Little boys were down there with their hands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1526.49,1528.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"covering up the legs and the bones of these little children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1528.8,1531.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were taking care of the children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=1531.08,1533.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were covering the children 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us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2116.12,2118.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the drum and dancers coming in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2118.46,2120.021"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's all I could see was eagle plumes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2120.021,2122.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Looked like a wave, like an ocean of eagle plumes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2122.32,2124.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and feathers coming in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2124.91,2126.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just closed my eyes and started to cry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2127.12,2129.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought about Black Elk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2133.2,2134.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought about the dreams, the visions he had,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2135.82,2138.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that sacred tree is growing today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2139.52,2141.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Sacred Hoop of Life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2142.48,2144.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're not just talking about Indian people here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2144.7,2147.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He talked about generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2147.7,2149.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said generations from that tribe and treaty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2149.85,2151.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost every tribe, nation has those prophecies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2151.96,2155.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They talked about the stage of suffering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2155.69,2157.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we'd go through, five generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2157.85,2160.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they talked about the drums would be heard 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drums,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2170.01,2171.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brought back the center of the universe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2171.52,2173.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's my children. This is my grandson's mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2174.54,2179.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're the ones that go to Heart of the Earth School today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2179.32,2182.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"learn about being Indian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2182.28,2184.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the ceremonies, that sacrament, that way of life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2184.31,2187.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then it's the grandchildren. They're the seventh generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2188.17,2190.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's your children. It's that little one sleeping there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2190.52,2193.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the generation that our grandfathers talked about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2193.86,2196.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when our great leaders, our chiefs and our doctors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2197.57,2200.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our great scientists would come back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2200.03,2204.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're not just seeing Indians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2204.5,2206.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"White, yellow, black, red","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2206.46,2209.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are coming back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2211.12,2212.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can go to gatherings like this and learn today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2213.2,2216.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were forbidden to even being near us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2216.4,2218.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or around us at one time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2218.24,2220.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they can learn all those things today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2220.42,2222.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I long for the day, and I know that day is coming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2223.46,2225.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when all mankind will have respect once again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2227.23,2231.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for sacred land and sacred places, because it'll happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2232.83,2237.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through seminars and gatherings like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2237.7,2241.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I wanna thank the University here of Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2241.68,2244.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially the young beautiful students here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2246.42,2249.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we had that demonstration up in St. Paul, they came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2250.96,2254.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They came all the way from Iowa to show their support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2254.49,2257.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna thank you publicly for doing that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2258.475,2262.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna thank this young man,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2262.463,2264.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you hold this lecture series,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2264.73,2268.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this symposium in honor of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2268.37,2270.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those here at the university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2271.48,2273.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wish, I just wish sometimes that the head chancellors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2273.72,2278.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the superintendents or whatever you call them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2279.71,2284.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they too would show up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2284.593,2286.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not just come to a powwow and think they saw it all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2287.479,2290.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the two would start learning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2290.83,2293.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I have great faith in our youth today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2293.31,2296.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going to 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up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2463.64,2465.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how important it is for all of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2465.29,2467.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be ready and prepared for that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2467.34,2470.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the attention that they never get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2470.2,2471.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the public school system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2471.97,2475.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're the ones that are pushed out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2475.72,2476.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're not drop outs. They push them out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2476.76,2478.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can't deal with them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2478.18,2480.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or we go to juvenile court and get them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2480.194,2482.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just wanted to say that because a lot of times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2482.76,2484.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they equate the American Indian Movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2484.56,2486.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with activism ain't bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2487.459,2490.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been kind of downgraded to an activist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2490.04,2492.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I used to be a terrorist, communist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2492.17,2494.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the things J. Edgar Hoover used to say about us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2494.24,2497.569"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now I'm just a activist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2497.569,2499.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must be getting older or something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2499.24,2501.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we provide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2501.74,2505.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"help and security and force and support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2505.12,2508.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to our people, no matter where we go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2509.82,2511.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and where we travel today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2511.29,2513.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just wanted you to know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2514.066,2515.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can find all that history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2515.086,2516.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you leave here today (faintly speaking).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2516.06,2518.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any questions, I'll try to answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2518.18,2519.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e At this time, we'd like to present you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2521.69,2523.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a small token of our appreciation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2523.75,2527.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of this year's t-shirts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2527.21,2529.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, wow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2529.536,2530.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2534.361,2537.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have any questions, I'll try to answer them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2545.528,2547.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or I'll turn them over to Devry here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2547.74,2550.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Step up to the mic so it gets recorded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2550.108,2553.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Any questions, concerns, thoughts, comments?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2556.88,2559.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a mic there if anyone wants to use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2559.28,2562.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know I get a little lengthy when I talk so I don't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2563.68,2568.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I never wrote a speech in my life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2568.55,2571.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I just talk from experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2571.45,2573.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what I lived and what I grew up and lived with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2573.59,2576.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I get a little carried away about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2578.1,2580.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could talk for days obviously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2581.75,2583.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not touch on all the issues I want to talk about here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2583.24,2586.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there are no questions, I want to thank you once again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2594.203,2596.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for allowing me to be here with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2596.818,2598.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2598.994,2601.994"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(people milling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=2605.4,2608.15"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29936/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/936/original/AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_b.vtt?1624896293","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/936/original/AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_b.vtt?1624896293"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29937","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204883_Native_American_Perspectives_on_Sacred_Lands_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533/transcript/29937/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- In the Stillwater State Prison, a young in solitary confinement, never thought I would see daylight again or be free. One day I heard a young man go by my cell, and I looked out . He was an Indian! I start thinking to myself, what's wrong with this guy? Doesn't he know he's in prison? What the heck is he whistling about? He came and talked to me. He was a full-blooded Anishinaabe person. And he started telling me about this Indian studies program that they're gonna create there. They found out that every Indian in that institution and every Indian in every institution in America in prisons are in there for alcohol-related crimes. They're in there for that lesser crimes, but they do the most time. They never go to AA. They never going to skilled and technical trades. They never go to take courses in higher education. They just do their time, go out, and repeat again, like myself. And they felt, him and a young, white, Caucasian caseworker of all people, felt that maybe if they could create some type of a program that would bring the Indian inmates together and learn, teach them about their culture, about their traditional way of life, about the drum and the sacred pipe and the use of tobacco and medicines, about their history, all the contributions that were made to modern-day society, maybe they would start feeling good about themselves and wanna go on to higher education, skilled and technical trade, started developing pre-release program, dealing with their alcohol and their drugs. They asked me if I would help them organize because I grew up with every one of these boys, the young men. I always had the best football, best softball, best basketball, best boxing team. We excelled in all sports, Indian people. They felt if I could organize the Indians like that, I could certainly organize them to come in to this culture program. And I did it. Out of 210 Indian inmates in that institution, I got 170 of them to join this culture program. And my brother used to draw pictures on the blackboard, of the Midewiwin lodge of a little boy and water drums. Pretty soon, we got a drum. Pretty soon, the elders come to visit us. In a three-year period of time, we dropped the average time of an Indian inmate from over six years down to 24 months. We started turning people out that never, never came back. And it was there, as far as I am concerned, it was there that the American Indian movement was born, solitary confinement in Stillwater prison. If we can help young men incarcerated, why can't we go out there on the streets, intervene and prevent young people from even getting in to that type of setting? That was the basis of the movement. I was working, I was one of the first Native people to work for Northern States Power Company, a major corporation in Minneapolis. I was the first so-called ex-felon to work for a major corporation in Minneapolis. I studied hard. I came out of Stillwater as a first class engineer. Had no formal education, never even completed high school. But I learned how to put boilers and turbines and water pumps together to generate electricity. And I came out, I was working, I had a good job. I had an opportunity to go back to school and become a nuclear engineer, run nuclear power plants. Oh, what a polluter I would be today if I followed through on that. One day, I was invited to go to a meeting with Eddie Benton Banai, Dennis Banks, women, mostly women, children, to talk about what was going on with Indian people, the poverty-stricken conditions, unemployment as high as 94% on me and Devry's reservation, White Earth. Indian people lived to be 43.5 back then. We had a gross annual income of $1,500 a year, per capita income nationwide. 65 on a reservation, as high as 95% of our children entering the ninth grade were not graduated. And he went down to the alcohol, first form of chemical warfare as used against Indian people and what it caused, the heart failure and the diabetes. And we finally formed a little group called the Concerned Indian American Coalition. That's all we were. What are we going to do to change those things? While we're small in numbers, we've gotta get out in the streets. We gotta demonstrate. We gotta become active. When we told people, we're gonna march against the police force, about half the crowd ran out the door. When we told them, we're gonna confront the Minneapolis School Board and demand curricula relevant to Indian children, teach them about their language, their culture, and their contributions that were made to modern-day society, people shook their head because \"nothing can be done\", they said. Absolutely nothing was being taught in the public and parochial school systems of America back then about Indian culture, Indian tradition, Indian government. Nothing was ever said about the contributions that are made to modern-day society. They find these pyramids down throughout Central and South America that are three times larger than the pyramids they find along the Nile built 200 years before the Roman Empire. There's a major archeological digging going. You don't hear about it. I heard about it about a year-and-a-half ago, but you don't hear about no more, down by Lima, Peru where they found these little towns. They're saying cities now, 35 to 50,000 Indian people living in metropolis, had two or three-story houses. There's a big river that ran through the area, and they built viaducts that came right into these little villages. And out these viaducts, they had little ones that went right into the houses. And the water, when it went through the house, it went back out again. Natural that they had running water when the Spaniards were still living in caves over in Europe. That's what they were saying. They're looking at the skeletal remains. They can't even understand how Indian people were able to preserve those skeletons that long buried in a fetal position. And now they're looking at the skulls, and they're finding little pinholes, maybe five, 10 years apart. And they're saying Indian people were practicing brain surgery while the Spaniards were still living in caves over in Europe. Medical science has said they haven't come up with a medicine yet that Indian people didn't have, use and practice. And most of the medicines right now today that we're using to cure ills are coming out of the rainforests. America's. How come none of that's taught? 70% of all the food that's consumed all over the world was grown right here by Indian people. How come our children don't know that? Don't you think they'd feel good? Huh? Don't you think they wanna go to school and be somebody? Won't they feel proud of who they were, their past? Benjamin Franklin once lived among the great Iroquois Confederacy. He made a very ignorant remark when he came home. He said he couldn't understand how six Savage nations could live in peace and harmony for hundreds of years without warfare. And they copied their great Confederacy, drew up their Federation of States. The very constitution that we live under today was copied from them. Every tribe had those forms of government and ways of dealing with conflict. Every tribe had a, they're coining a new phrase now in America, they call it restorative justice. Comes from Indian people. They all had that. The elders, the whole community would come together to settle disputes. You bring restorative justice to Indian people. How come they don't teach our children that? 87% of the children\\ right in Minneapolis that are entering the ninth grade today are not graduated. I think they could change that a lot if they just got rid of all this junk curricula. Just teach the truth. Nothing else. We don't want nothing but the truth, nothing else. They don't want anything else but the truth. So what I'm saying here, there was a time before those boats came here, that all earth here was sacred. It was honored that way. The Midewiwin ceremonies, I'm the for the Three Fire Society. I'm the head male warrior dancer for the Three Fires Society. Every day of the week, they get up at daybreak during the ceremonies. They have a fire that is lit when the camp starts that's never allowed to go out. Nobody's allowed to throw gum wrappers or empty cigarettes packs or anything. That fire is sacred. It represents life. And they give tobacco. You come in, they sage you down when you go into the lodge And take your tobacco the first thing you do when you enter the lodge, you go and offer that tobacco to that fire and I believe that that through the smoke is carried to the Creator. You say your prayers. And when the prayer is all the tobacco once they said it, they come around. They collect tobacco from every one of you in the lodge. Every one of you are required to carry a little pouch like this, always with you. I'm not talking about Chesterfield and Marlboros and all that. I'm talking about kinnikinnick, red willow-bark. Their log, you're supposed to cure that. That's the way we've been instructed. We smoke it in our pipes. When they come around, they have a song for everything. Everything that they do, they have to sing about it. They sing a song and these young warriors get up and they dance with the little collection baskets. When the drum ends the song, they run. They run around real fast. They collect tobacco from every single person in that camp. They're all mixed together. All your prayers and thoughts are mixed together. And they have another song that they sing while they load the pipe. It's presented to the grand chief. He gets up and prays for that tobacco. He talks to the spirits, and then they smoke those pipes. When that part is done, the women get up. They take the vessels, the copper vessels. They too have songs that only women are allowed to sing. Women take care of the water and the Midewiwin lodge. They're responsible for it. We come from a belly of water, the children when we're born, babies. So they offer that water to the four directions of the universe. The first drink of water that they give, they give back to Mother Earth. Then they bring that water to everyone in the lodge and they drink. While they're drinking that water, one of the elderly women gets up in their Anishinaabe language along with an interpreter, and they talk about how sacred that water is. And if we don't take care of it, we're all gonna perish. Then an old man told me 25 years ago that in my lifetime the Land of the Sky-Blue Water, Minnesota, where the Mississippi River starts on my home reservation, he said in my lifetime, I'll be paying more for a pint of water than I would for a gallon of gasoline, in my lifetime. You can go in any truck stop an C-store along the way from Minneapolis to here, you'll pay more sometimes for half a pint of water than you will for a gallon of gasoline. So water is sacred, very, very sacred. It's the lifeblood. It's the strongest medicine in the world. We can, none of us, no life on Earth can survive without it. And the women are the ones, that's their responsibility to take care of that. Shortly after the American Indian movement formed, a farm lady down by Red Wing called me one day. Her daughter was recruited. They have a talented archeologist program where they go into all the high schools, and they take the top students. It was funded by Macalester College, University of Minnesota, the United States Department of Agriculture. And they take all these students, and they go out, and they do excavations. And they were excavating a site down by Red Wing in Welch Village. There was an old predated, 1,500 year-old. They thought it was Winnebago, the town that they were asking, a village. They knew exactly where the graves were in that village. And they were instructed not to touch or go into those graves. They excavated for weeks. And this young girl said they finally got bored. They were drinking all night, parties, smoking a little marijuana. They started daring one another. \"We ought to go check that grave and see what's in there.\" So in the middle of the night, they went out and they got their picks and their shovels, and they dug into three graves. This young girl, she got scared, and she went home, told her mother what happened. Her mother called. I answered the phone. I organized about 15 cowboys, Indians and non-Indians, and we drove down. Two o'clock in the afternoon we got there. They had all their screens and all their little picks and their log books and everything. And they had all these arm bones and leg bones, and skulls all stacked up in piles. Were just skulls over here, the arm bones here. had arrowheads, had artifacts, the type that was buried with these people stacked up. Some of them were still in the grave, still digging. We wouldn't let them out. We wouldn't let them out. We had no intention of hurting them in any way, but we made them stay in there. We shoveled dirt back in up to their waist. Then the sheriff heard about it. The rest of the ones around the hill, the women chased them down. They had little switches, not big clubs, little switches. They're kind of switching them. They were running down the hill. The sheriff showed up. We confiscated all those bones, big cardboard boxes and crates, took them to the Minnesota State. Indian Affairs Commission there the next day and called a major press conference and announced that we wanted to put a stop to that. There's no laws against it. Of course, if Clyde Bellecourt went into Fort Snelling Military Cemetery in Minneapolis and started digging into those grades, they'd me in a straight jacket or something and lock me up for life. But there was no laws that could do that. So we got together with a state representative, and he proposed a bill, not that we'd ever carry it out unit, even if for some reason we got the money. We proposed a bill to the state legislature for $280,000 to do an archeological dig in on the Pioneer Cemetery on Cedar and Lake Street. Of course, the bill had to go through all the committees. So we got to go over there and testify. We did. It started out as a felony if somebody got caught doing, well first, the bill never went through. So then we put another bill in to stop those kinds of digging and started others where it'd be charged with a felony anybody got caught going into an Indian grave and stealing artifacts, skeletal remains, could be charged with a felony. Went through a committee but reduced to a gross misdemeanor. And finally, when it was passed, it was a misdemeanor, a slap on the wrist. People can still today go into graves, take them, what they want, marking them all over the world and get away with it. In 1996, a large delegation of us were meeting in Champaign, Illinois, trying to do with the mascots issue. Chief Illiniwek, you've all seen him never been an Indian that played that part. It's a non-Indian coming dancing all during half time, big war bonnet dragging on the floor. Dancing around, kicks his legs up in the air, big war whoops. Then he stops like this, and the crowd goes wild. We went there to hold a rally, hold a weekend workshops and conference to try to put a stop, get them to take that mascot off. We don't wanna be fun for Americas fun and games, mascots for America's fun and games anymore. We're the only race of human beings left here in America that's used as mascots today. While we were down there, a non-Indian, a young lady came, and she said, \"You ought to go down to Bloomington, Illinois.\" I said, \"Oh.\" I said, \"I've heard about that.\" She says, \"Yeah, there's a place called Dixon Mountains down there. You wouldn't believe what's going on there. They got over a hundred skeletons of Indian people on public display, and the archeologists are having a big conference there this weekend. We ought to go down there and confront them.\" So we organized a rather big caravan, left Champaign, Illinois early in the morning, arrived there about 90 miles away. We arrived there about 10 o'clock. By the time we got there, they had the whole museum locked down, had security there. We had a ceremony. We prayed. Had a drum, we sang together, smoked a pipe, then we started marching toward the building. By the time we got to the museum, this guy named Dixon in 1924 built this museum on top of a big burial mound, about four times larger than this building we're in right now, a whole block. He built this museum right on top several miles off the freeway. So he wasn't getting very much attention. A few years later, he decided maybe to draw a crowd. He built another building about half the size of this right here. He built an extension to the museum right over the burial part where the skeletons were, the corpse. Then he excavated down, didn't put no floor in it, excavated down about five feet below the bodies, the skeletons, and had them all on public display. Little children buried holding onto their bones, the legs of their mother. You had feathers and beadwork embedded right into their neck and into their body that decayed. I couldn't believe it. When we marched this young Indian girl come up. I said, \"We can't get in.\" We were frustrated. We thought about even breaking the door down. And people were so angry when they were told what was in there. This little Indian girl came out. She said, \"I worked here last summer, summer through a program, youth program. I know how to get into the building.\" So she took a half, went into the museum down through the basement, came right up where the graveyard is and opened the door for us. We all went through, and they had a metal detector you had to go through first to get through into this darkened room. And they had this, just like a concert, they had blue and yellow, green lights shining down on these skeletons. You go through a metal, you pay your money, go through a metal detector, and you get to walk around and come back, a railing like that, look at all of the skeletons. Look down and there's popcorn down there, potato chips, gum wrappers, everything. Our people just, it was unbelievable. Women start screaming and crying. \"How can they do this?\" I myself broke down and started crying. Everyone in that room, over 108 people crowded in there. Non-Indians were crying. \"What are we gonna do?\" I went back out to my car, and I got my pipe, my bundle. And I brought it back in, and I saged the whole place down. \"We gotta pray,\" I told them. \"We gotta pray and ask the Creator, Gitche Manitou . We gotta ask him for direction. What do we do? How do we put a stop to this desecration of our sacred lands, burial grounds? How do we put a stop?\" When the ceremony is all over, I went over on the railing. I was telling some of my relatives here a story the other day. I went over to the railing, and I still didn't know what to do. I was so confused. For the first time in my history, I didn't know how to deal with this issue. And then, so I was leaning over the railing, I could hear somebody crying. I looked down. There's a little Indian woman about that big. She had buckskin on. She had a blanket wrapped around her back and her little baby on her back. And she started speaking Indian to me. I didn't know what she was saying. I don't know how to speak Indian. I didn't understand what she was saying, but I knew what she was saying. I just knew what she was saying. I looked around to see if anybody had. Nobody saw it, just me. She said, \"I wanna be covered up. I wanna be covered up.\" And she disappeared. And I went back to the crowd, and I told them what happened. \"Does anybody have shovels?\" No one had a shovel. Here comes this biker, Hell's Angel, about 50 years old and all scraggly, and Hell's Angels leather jacket on. He come up. He said, \"Mr. Bellecourt, I could get you all the shovels you want.\" I got paranoid. FBI infiltrated us, you know? I got paranoid. And so I said to him, \"Where are you gonna get them?\" He said, \"Don't worry. It'll just take me about a half-hour.\" So I took two brothers, warriors, and I said, \"Go with him.\" I didn't trust him. Sure enough, about half-hour later, he comes with a big sleeping bag with seven or eight shovels in there. We started handing out the shovels. Once again, saged everybody down 'cause I was told, I was told that you have to sage everybody down. Then when they come out of there, you gotta use cedar water. You gotta wash them down good when they come out of there. And these little boys, they wanted to go down there and help, two little boys young as my grandson. So we lowered them down first, held their arms. We didn't know that they had a security system where these lasers went over the bodies over the skeletons. These deafening sirens went off from all directions. Two days later, I could still hear the sirens. Then the security came. Brothers were down there, shoveling, covering the skeletons up. Little boys were down there with their hands covering up the legs and the bones of these little children. They were taking care of the children. They were covering the children back. It took them about 40 minutes to get all the state troopers there and all the different law enforcements from all the different agencies in and around the county, and they surrounded us. I told my brother and others, \"That's enough. Nobody has to be arrested.\" They were down there with their clubs and their batons and their riot gear and everything. We pulled everybody out of there, loaded our cars and went back to Champaign, Illinois. By the time we got there, the governor, I think his name was Evans back then, was on the TV. It was all over the new 'cause we took the media with us. We wanted up people know that we we're not gonna put up with that anymore. We wanted it to stop, not just here, but nationwide. We took all the media we could find. It was on TV. I don't know what laws that were violated here, but he guaranteed his constituency, citizens of Illinois that we'd never leave the state. We'd be charged. And to date, that warrant has never been issued. They didn't know what to do. They certainly didn't want the publicity of arresting us and making a big trial out of it. That places cemented over today. They found in a stock room next to the graveyard over 1,500 more skeletons that they're shipping into museums and universities all over the world for studies. That was just part of, it's just a piece of this great warrior woman, Maria. She's one of the hundreds, thousands of people that have taken on that issue. So I want Donny here, her son, to know what a great mother, great warrior, we call them in our language, warrior women, that she was. She was part of that effort. And we'll never rest. We'll never rest until that work and that job is completed because it's going on right now as I'm standing here. Hundreds of places, we went down along the Chattanooga River in Tennessee. I was taken out into an area where we found over 1,200 graves. They come in at night, and they put up their little generators and their lights in the middle of the night. They bring in their their backhoes, and they go right down, take the artifact, take anything they want out, put the dirt back on, put the little plants and everything over them. They start growing again. Over 1,200 of them have been taken like that in the middle of the night. Today, we have the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act because of that kind of work. So what I'm saying here today is all the land here in the Americas was sacred to Indian people. And there were ceremonies done every day of the week just to walk on the land. And if there is a mistake made in any way in violation of our mother, we ask forgiveness. There's ceremonies for that. We're getting back to that again today. The sun dance is flourishing. One of your greatest spiritual movements taking place in our part of the country is a Three Fires Society at the Potawatomi, the Ottawa, and the Chippewa have come together all over the Great Lakes area, all the way up into Canada. Hundreds and thousands of Indian people are coming together. Whole families that have been separated and split up, wives and husbands, been split through the alcohol and abuse that it brings are now coming back together, and they're sober. Children that can't even hardly speak are being initiated into that society again 'cause that's the way it was. And guess what? Our grandfathers promised us that it would happen. Black Elk, how many people read \"Black Elk Speaks\" or any of the other stories of \"Seven Rites\"? Black Elk was a little bitty boy, 12 years old. Right around Christmas in 1890, he heard these weapons of mass destruction going on miles away. The Seventh Cavalry had Bigfoot and his band surrounded. He heard that. He got on his horse. He rode fast as he could. When he could close, he could hear the women and children crying and screaming. He got up on his little hill, and he looked down, and he could see the women running through the ravines being chased by the cavalry and their heads swiped off. He saw their bellies being ripped open. He saw them parading with little babies, unborn babies on bayonets. 12 years old. He wanted to ride right down there. He started crying. He wanted to go down, and he was already a warrior. But they said the Creator, Gitche Manitou talked to him. He said, \"Black Elk, you're gonna be needed now more than ever. You have the power to heal. You're gonna help your people. You can't go down there.\" Black Elk said the sacred tree withered and died that day, and the Sacred Hoop of Life was scattered. He rode off on his horse. He saw the destruction. He saw the Black Hills taken from him. He saw the alcohol. He saw the little housing projects. He saw the sicknesses, the smallpox. He saw all the different diseases come through his reservation. In 1935 Black Elk went back up on that same hill. He thought he was becoming feeble, kind of forgetful. He couldn't remember things, couldn't do his ceremonies the way he wanted to. So he went back up on that hill to fast. He wanted to talk to the Creator again, the Spirit. He said on the third night of his fast, the Creator came to him he said. He said, \"I have failed Grand Father. My people are dying. They're suffering. Tell me what I must do.\" And the Creator told him, \"Oh, no, Black Elk.\" You didn't fail. If it weren't for you, your people wouldn't be here today.\" And He said, \"Somewhere down in that valley there at Wounded Knee, the roots, the roots of the sacred tree were still alive,\" and that Indian people from all nations, all colors of mankind, womankind, humankind would come there soon, the Creator told him. And they would nourish the roots of that tree, and it would grow again. And the Sacred Hoop of Life would come back together. I was in Wounded Knee in 1973. There was a man there by the name of Black Elk, Wallace Black Elk told us that dream, told us that vision. He told us that was a fulfillment that the occupation of Wounded Knee was actually a fulfillment of that prophecy. Today our sun dance is back. Our Midewiwin Lodge is back. When the American Indian Movement formed, Devry was just a little guy then. We used to go to Saint Stephen's Church, remember? Had powwows. Two old ladies came from Red Lake with jingle dresses. Our little boys, they had . That's all they had, some bells tied around their ankles. The rest of them had Levis on. Two, three girls had shawls. Last year, I went out to the Schemitzun powwow out in Pequot's out by Hartford, Connecticut. Guess what their budget was? $2 1/2 million. They had 150 drums showed up! This is just 34 years later. 150 drums, they had to pay 80 drums just to sit out. They would never get to sing. I was sitting up at a podium. I was a guest of honor. And I was sitting by with all the elders of Pequot. They started to grant it They had to take two monsters, three times, about four times the length of this building here these big circus tents, and they had to put them all together to accommodate the crowd. Took 2 1/2 hours for the grand entry. 2 1/2 hours! Thousands, dancers, some elaborate dresses. Some of that cost $10,000 to make outfits like that today, and I'm sitting up there and I'm thinking about Saint Stephen's church and these little powwows that we started the American Indian Movement when people said we had to forget about the past and think about the future. Our own people were laughing at us. When the drum and dancers coming in, that's all I could see was eagle plumes. Looked like a wave, like an ocean of eagle plumes and feathers coming in. I just closed my eyes and started to cry. I thought about Black Elk. I thought about the dreams, the visions he had, and that sacred tree is growing today, that Sacred Hoop of Life. And we're not just talking about Indian people here. He talked about generations. He said generations from that tribe and treaty. Almost every tribe, nation has those prophecies. They talked about the stage of suffering that we'd go through, five generations. And they talked about the drums would be heard again. Little fires would burn again. That was the American Indian Movement. That was the American Indian Movement brought back the drums, brought back the center of the universe. And that's my children. This is my grandson's mother. They're the ones that go to Heart of the Earth School today, learn about being Indian during the ceremonies, that sacrament, that way of life. Then it's the grandchildren. They're the seventh generation. It's your children. It's that little one sleeping there. That's the generation that our grandfathers talked about when our great leaders, our chiefs and our doctors and our great scientists would come back. And they're not just seeing Indians. White, yellow, black, red are coming back. They can go to gatherings like this and learn today. They were forbidden to even being near us or around us at one time, but they can learn all those things today. I long for the day, and I know that day is coming, when all mankind will have respect once again for sacred land and sacred places, because it'll happen through seminars and gatherings like this. And I wanna thank the University here of Iowa, especially the young beautiful students here. When we had that demonstration up in St. Paul, they came. They came all the way from Iowa to show their support. I wanna thank you publicly for doing that. I wanna thank this young man, that you hold this lecture series, this symposium in honor of, and those here at the university. I wish, I just wish sometimes that the head chancellors and the superintendents or whatever you call them that they too would show up and not just come to a powwow and think they saw it all, that the two would start learning. But I have great faith in our youth today that are going to school. And I know that they'll bring back and complete that Sacred Hoop of Life that withered and died in Wounded Knee in 1890. Have a good night. I left some literature out here. It's on the brief history of the American Indian Movement. I wish you'd picked that up. There's a pamphlet on the racism in sports and media. And we have some t-shirts and some patches and other stuff that we sell to support our youth activities program, our intervention and prevention programs. And I wanted to just add that a lot of times when people hear about the American Indian Movement, they hear about Wounded Knee and a lot of the attention is focused on protests and demonstrations, but I'm also the founder and president of a major job training program, one of the foremost job training programs in the nation, perhaps the world. As Dr. Leon Sullivan, the founder OIC of America said, we have trained, over 20 years, we've trained over 24,000 Indian people. We have taken over 18,000 off of welfare rolls and put them on payrolls. I'm also the founder and president of the Legal Rights Center. And we have handled over 36,000 indigenous clients in 34 years. There are federal judges on the bench today that actually worked for me at one time, such as Michael Davis, who arrived at the hunting rights, fishing rights decision that went all the way to the Supreme Court and was upheld. When people ask Michael Davis, \"How'd you learn so much about treaty rights to make that decision?\" He'll point and say, \"I learned it from that guy right there.\" We used to go to breakfast together, and he would tell me about the corruption within the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the federal government, stories I couldn't believe. I had to go back and study and find out the truth, and it was the truth. So we operate those kinds of programs. We have own Native American community clinics. We have a first survival school in the system in America, alternative school. We graduate more Indian students from Heart of the Earth Survival School in Minneapolis than the whole public school system as far as Indians are concerned. Then we deal with the kids that are two or three grades sometimes behind in reading. How do we do it? By making them feel good about who they are. Every Monday morning, we have circle time. We bring out the pipe and drum. We pray, and we sage. We sing, we dance before we go to school. We talk about testing that's coming up and how important it is for all of them to be ready and prepared for that. That's the attention that they never get from the public school system. They're the ones that are pushed out. They're not drop outs. They push them out. They can't deal with them. Or we go to juvenile court and get them. I just wanted to say that because a lot of times they equate the American Indian Movement with activism ain't bad. I've been kind of downgraded to an activist. I used to be a terrorist, communist, all the things J. Edgar Hoover used to say about us, and now I'm just a activist. I must be getting older or something. But we provide help and security and force and support to our people, no matter where we go and where we travel today. I just wanted you to know that. And you can find all that history when you leave here today . Any questions, I'll try to answer.\r\n\r\n- At this time, we'd like to present you as a small token of our appreciation one of this year's t-shirts.\r\n\r\n- Oh, wow. If you have any questions, I'll try to answer them or I'll turn them over to Devry here.\r\n\r\n- Step up to the mic so it gets recorded.\r\n\r\n- Any questions, concerns, thoughts, comments? There's a mic there if anyone wants to use it. I know I get a little lengthy when I talk so I don't, I never wrote a speech in my life and I just talk from experience and what I lived and what I grew up and lived with. I get a little carried away about this. I could talk for days obviously and not touch on all the issues I want to talk about here. If there are no questions, I want to thank you once again for allowing me to be here with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45548/file/118533#t=0.0,2616.42449"}]}]}]}