{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sx6445j794/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Stevenson Glanton, Willie, Women and the Constitution"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203651 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Women and the Constitution is a February 11, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Willie Stevenson Glanton. Willie Stevenson Glanton discusses the history of women trying to gain equal rights in the United States.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w94x54n2w"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1987-02-11"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Stevenson Glanton, Willie (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Women's rights","Constitution (United States)","Equal rights amendments","Women--Legal status, laws, etc.","Sex discrimination against women--Law and legislation"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["United States (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Women and the Constitution is a February 11, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Willie Stevenson Glanton. 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For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/264/small/lecture.png?1627045897","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - 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tardiness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=25.22,30.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's nice to be here and if you can imagine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=32.21,37.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming from Des Moines and running right past Ames,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=37.22,42.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is what happened to us today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=42.32,44.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As many times as we've been here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=44.11,46.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is never happened to us before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=46.74,49.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so, my husband is somewhere parking the car","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=49.04,51.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we do apologize for being a little bit late.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=52.77,56.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's always a pleasure to be at this university,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=58.15,62.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is by far my favorite school in the State of Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=63.29,68.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I hope that if anybody is here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=68.25,70.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from The University of Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=70.2,71.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will indulge me that for a moment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=71.62,75.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I do love this beautiful campus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=75.88,78.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's always fun to come to Iowa 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basis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=103.71,107.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as nationally in Philadelphia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=107.65,110.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the signing of The Magna Carta took place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=110.73,113.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consider those among us who are still striving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=113.75,117.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be included in this monumental document","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=118.39,122.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply to receive the rights and protection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=122.32,126.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"granted to men in this document.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=126.23,129.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was some 63 years ago that women in minorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=131.28,135.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were working toward looking 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amendment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=143.33,145.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would correct some of the inequities and certainly prevent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=145.68,150.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"future acts of blatant discriminatory practices,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=150.29,154.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our concern today is women and the constitution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=155.21,160.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consider however, the fact that the plight of 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1770","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=176.67,179.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women organized the daughters of liberty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=179.03,182.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to overthrow the British rule and to create a new 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then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1448.88,1451.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you mentioned that the enforcement will change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1451.06,1453.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the equal amendment rights by state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1453.018,1455.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could you just explain that a little more for me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1455.677,1457.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I'd be glad to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1457.5,1459.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are anxious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1462.307,1464.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see the ER--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1464.41,1465.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Judge Gritzner:\u003c/strong\u003e It's the fortunate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1465.8,1466.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standard of leadership (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1466.775,1467.608"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh sure, certainly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1467.608,1469.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the question was that under Title IX,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1469.75,1473.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there would be a change in the enforcement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1475.353,1479.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the rule","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1479.57,1481.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discrimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1482.07,1483.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She wants to know what is the difference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1484.5,1487.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what will be the difference than it is now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1488.62,1492.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Male voice:\u003c/strong\u003e Am I repeating it correctly?\nCorrect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1492.46,1495.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e The difference will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1495.2,1497.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we will not be dependent upon any federal agency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1497.31,1502.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to enforce the law and that is a big consideration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1504.01,1509.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We will be solely and wholly dependent upon the courts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1509.07,1513.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, and that is in the States through the state courts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1514.8,1519.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and knowing I'm a government person,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1521.04,1523.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm an attorney for a small business administration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1523.35,1526.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so, I have some knowledge and appreciation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1526.49,1529.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how we work and we do work, don't let anybody fool you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1529.92,1534.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1535.13,1536.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do know that government agencies do get bogged down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1536.22,1539.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and unless someone at the top","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1540.78,1543.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is pushing and saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1544.0,1547.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we must do this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1547.16,1549.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has to come from the very top that sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1549.23,1552.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't get things done that we should.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1552.85,1556.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1556.09,1558.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think that the ERA is an absolute must for us, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1558.26,1562.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes sir","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1566.369,1567.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Male voice:\u003c/strong\u003e My question is I kinda lost track","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1567.202,1569.556"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what's happening to the ERA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1569.556,1572.024"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of its current status","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1572.024,1573.424"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how it's been eventually made into processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1573.424,1575.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it's dead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1575.48,1577.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1577.133,1578.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's it, it almost passed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1578.5,1581.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were just short of three states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1581.04,1583.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ratification by three states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1583.55,1586.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it almost passed, but you know what almost is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1586.03,1590.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so, it is dead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1590.79,1592.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we have a lot of friends,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1592.76,1596.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we made,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1596.82,1598.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have made a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1598.94,1601.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"headway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1602.75,1604.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we have put to rest a lot of misconceptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1604.38,1609.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to what we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1610.42,1612.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how we, we were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1612.69,1615.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm certain that the next time around we will make it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1615.69,1619.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1621.703,1622.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Female voice:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you read Mary Frances Berry's book on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1622.536,1624.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have not, I'm just wondering if you've read it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1624.29,1626.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"widely on ERA and her feelings do not--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1626.199,1628.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e I have not read the book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1628.64,1630.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have not been able to get it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1630.3,1632.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I have talked with her and she's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1632.45,1635.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, she's so full of wisdom and information and knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1637.46,1641.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether I can repeat what she said or not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1641.68,1645.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she said so very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1645.51,1647.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are a number of theories as to why we lost it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1647.47,1651.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that it might be pretty well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1651.96,1656.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accepted pretty generally thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1656.43,1658.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that politics had a lot to do with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1658.24,1660.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we think that a little more effort on our part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1661.39,1666.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a little more sophistication now, which we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1666.13,1669.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going to play a big part in our,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1669.67,1673.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making it through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1675.06,1676.142"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's an over simplification perhaps of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1676.142,1679.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Female voice:\u003c/strong\u003e Is it true that she feels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1681.114,1682.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as if it's a distraction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1682.47,1684.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other things that need to be done, trying to--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1684.08,1687.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, um hmm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1687.22,1692.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps you're speaking of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1692.0,1694.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way we feel about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1696.45,1698.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Black cause","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1699.1,1702.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the women's cause,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1702.16,1703.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we certainly see the black problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1704.26,1707.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as somewhat different from the women's cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1708.85,1711.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while we work for both causes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1712.29,1715.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is such a distinct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1715.93,1719.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1719.59,1720.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sometimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1722.47,1724.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this can raise questions in the minds of some of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1726.64,1731.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that maybe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1732.14,1733.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think perhaps this is what you have in mind, is it not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1733.6,1737.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Female voice:\u003c/strong\u003e No, I had heard from someone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1737.36,1739.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the book was critical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1739.184,1740.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"introducing it again and visibly distract from work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1740.65,1744.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be a great advantage to women in this century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1744.49,1748.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other causes, other laws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1748.6,1750.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e I did not, she did not express that to me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1751.94,1754.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now, she may very well feel that way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1754.41,1756.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she did not express it to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1756.15,1757.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1760.3,1761.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Female voice:\u003c/strong\u003e A question for you or your husband,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1761.133,1763.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the number of women judges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1763.065,1765.456"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the State of Iowa increasing appreciably?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1765.456,1768.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e I think my husband should answer that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1768.12,1770.595"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Judge Gritzner:\u003c/strong\u003e What did she say?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1770.595,1771.428"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e She said, she's asking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1771.428,1772.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the number of women judges in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1772.7,1775.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increasing appreciably.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1775.87,1777.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Judge Gritzner:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, tremendously yes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1777.967,1781.149"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should be more, that's the principal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1781.149,1784.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Instructor:\u003c/strong\u003e Are any of you planning to go to law school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1784.87,1787.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1787.91,1789.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, my one, I saw three hands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1789.51,1791.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are there more?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1791.77,1793.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Good, four great,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1793.95,1795.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the best profession in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1796.92,1800.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1800.308,1801.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You think you'll die before you get out of law school,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1801.23,1804.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't think you'll live through it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1804.18,1805.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you will\n(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1805.76,1807.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you'll thoroughly enjoy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1807.97,1810.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I encourage you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1810.26,1812.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to enjoy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1814.349,1815.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you so much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1815.23,1816.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's been a pleasure being here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1816.41,1817.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I love meeting you.\n(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=1817.97,1821.907"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31406/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/406/original/AV203651_Women_and_the_Constitution_a.vtt?1627045899","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/406/original/AV203651_Women_and_the_Constitution_a.vtt?1627045899"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31407","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203651_Women_and_the_Constitution_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264/transcript/31407/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Instructor] Good afternoon and thank you very much for tolerating this tardiness. It's nice to be here and if you can imagine coming from Des Moines and running right past Ames, this is what happened to us today. As many times as we've been here, this is never happened to us before, so, my husband is somewhere parking the car and we do apologize for being a little bit late. It's always a pleasure to be at this university, it is by far my favorite school in the State of Iowa and I hope that if anybody is here from The University of Iowa, you will indulge me that for a moment, but I do love this beautiful campus, and it's always fun to come to Iowa State. So, you are the privileged few to be able to enjoy this gorgeous campus and I hope you are enjoying it. Some 200 years ago, the constitution of the United States was adopted and ratified and as we celebrate on a state by state basis, as well as nationally in Philadelphia, where the signing of The Magna Carta took place, consider those among us who are still striving to be included in this monumental document simply to receive the rights and protection granted to men in this document. It was some 63 years ago that women in minorities were working toward looking forward to the passage of the equal rights amendment. The passage of this amendment, would correct some of the inequities and certainly prevent future acts of blatant discriminatory practices, our concern today is women and the constitution. Consider however, the fact that the plight of women is inextricably tied to that of minorities. Perhaps we should briefly review history as related to the constitution and its passage. In 1770 women organized the daughters of liberty to overthrow the British rule and to create a new democracy. There were female patriots who agreed to weave their own cloth rather than buy imported silks and linen, usually imported from England. This homespun became a symbol of righteous protest in the 18th century, just as BlueJeans noted the protest movement in the 20th century. Women continued to organize in New England, they formed the anti T league, to object to British taxes on their favorite drink and encourage their families to drink coffee and herbal brew. It is said, that women were the instigators for more famous events like The Boston Tea Party. In North Carolina, a group of women published the Edenton proclamation, they felt strongly about standing up and doing what they considered their duty in resisting the British. They did not want to be protected with the revolution when the revolution began, many of them disguise themselves as men picked up guns and joined the fight. Thousands of other women went to the battlefields as nurses, doctors, cooks, maids, wagon tenders, et cetera. Within the inner circle of the group, there was one Mercy Odes Warren who communicated frequently with Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, John Adams, and others. She discussed the new nation with them, how it should be governed and in the interest of the state's rights, John Adams admired Mrs. Warren, and while it was not respectable for women to express their views publicly, he greatly appreciated the women who did express their views and the contributions that they made toward the political thoughts. However, he did not consider including women as full citizens in the new government. It was Abigail Adams, John Adams wife, who made the case for women. She was a business woman, a money manager and a farmer and we understand that in Iowa. She maintained the home and property while John was away as a revolutionary statesman. She wrote continuously to him often about the emerging nation and the new government and reminding him of the unfairness of the all male power structure and although her plea was in quotes, \"remember the ladies and be more generous and forward, \"do not put unlimited powers in the hands of husbands,\" unquote. He treated her argument and comments as a joke, he told her if they gave women legal rights, men would be completely at women's mercy. A few years later, when the constitution was adopted, Abigail's plea was completely forgotten and gone unheeded. The laws that the new Americans lived under embraced criminal and civil rule of English Common Law. In criminal law, a person was innocent until proved guilty, and in civil law, women were seldom entitled to this legal safeguards that men were, for example, single women could go into business, make contracts, but married women were not allowed by law to do any of these things and were entirely dependent on their husbands goodwill and capabilities for security and support. The legal existence of the woman was considered suspended during marriage, or at least incorporated into that of the husband. 200 years later, Shana Alexander compiled a state-by-state guide to women's legal rights and finds the laws virtually the same in many of the states. The beginnings of the woman's rights movement began back in 1848, at the convention in Seneca Falls, New York. The unrest among women, began to surface in particular from the experience of 1840, which was the world anti-slavery convention held in London. Lucretia Mott was an official delegate, and yet she was not allowed to speak to the convention, all female delegates were silenced and made to sit out of sight behind curtains in the balcony, rather than take part in the live discussion at the convention, can you just imagine that happening to us today? They felt insulted and rightly so, and they were angry over the isolation and defined it as sex discrimination. After that convention, they devoted themselves, untiring to the efforts are working for women's suffrage. ERA the Equal Rights Amendment was not ratified. It took from 1848 to 1920 for women to get the vote. The defeat of ERA is indeed painful, it was then and it still is, but not surprising when we consider the social and political forces tugging at the legislators and the fact that such forces were indeed older and more powerful than volunteer groups of women working for the equal rights amendment. Considering some of the legal remedies that women have under the constitution today consider Title VII of the civil rights act of 1964, which bans discrimination based on sex, race, color, religion, and national origin. It applies to any private business that has at least 15 employees and engages in interstate commerce. This is administered by the equal rights, excuse me, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. President Lyndon Johnson issued executive orders 11246 and 11375 of 1968, which outlaws discrimination and awarding government contracts over $10,000 in value. The department of labor was responsible for the enforcement of these orders. The United States Commission on Civil Rights, which is a federal agency investigated the enforcement efforts in this regard and concluded little had been done and in fact, the efforts were found to be fundamentally inadequate. The labor department wasn't different and no effort appeared to be made to educate employees as to their responsibilities or the employers as to their rights. Complaints were slow and being instigated and followed through in regard to these matters were given low priority. In 1972, congress passed a federal law aimed at ending discrimination in the field of education, which was Title IX an amendment to the federal education act. It provided that no person in the United States on the basis of sex be excluded from participation or be denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. This law applies to elementary and secondary schools, public schools that is, some 27,000 colleges and universities and all other schools and training centers that receive federal funds. Title IX says that schools and training programs can not discriminate in terms of admission, financial aid, student housing, counseling, courses, healthcare, extracurricular activities, or in hiring and salary practices. Students, parents, school employees and employee unions are all covered by this law, for example, in the area of physical education, female students are entitled to equal opportunity in sports. Schools are supposed to provide co-educational gym classes, except for contact sports, such as football, hockey, and wrestling and non-contact sports such as baseball, if there is only one team representing the school, both boys and girls must be allowed to try for the team. While Title IX appears to be a good law to win discrimination, it is dependent upon the watchdog activity of the individual teachers and teacher's union, along with the intention of the individual school districts. With no local remedy available complaints had to go to the federal agency, charged with enforcement of Title IX which in this instance was the department of education. We have been unable to find any indication that this agency has ever used its power against a violator institution, or cutoff, any federal funds to a school that has not complied with the provisions of Title IX. The problem is for the most part, teachers are poorly schooled in the content of Title IX, they do not know that a negative answer to the questions, are course is open to students? Are salaries for male and female teachers holding the same positions equal? Are dress codes, requirements the same for boys and girls? Are boys and girls disciplined in the same way when they break a rule? Grievance process for complaint is supposedly supplied by the local school, our school board. Teachers are also urged to see that anti-discrimination provisions are written into their union contracts with the local school board and this of major importance. Under the ERA, there would be a distinct advantage for it does not depend on a single agency to uphold the law or to enforce the law under the ERA state legislatures and the courts can make changes at any time they choose to do so and the guidelines are much better for making decisions. The death of the ERA certainly mask, the larger victory of the woman's movement. It's defeat has actually been responsible for the transformation of sex discrimination law in this country. Under the pressure of the movement, The supreme court radically changed its interpretation of the constitution. Sex discriminatory laws and practices once automatically approved as constitutional by the court are now likely to be declared invalid. Congress and state legislators rewrote all laws to outlaw sex discrimination and such diverse areas as education, credit, and housing, and quite a lot has been done on employment and federal and state agencies began seriously enforcing laws against discrimination on the jobs. We can and we must use this constitution of ours to our benefit although there is no ERA at this time. The 14th amendment provides that no state shall deny to any person within the jurisdiction, the equal protection of the law. Historically, the principal concern has been with discrimination directed against blacks, segregated public schools, denial of voting rights, segregated public accommodations. The concept of equal protection has also been used to protect the rights of other groups, aliens, ethnic minorities, voters, poor persons, even of late, women. There are three tests that have been used by the Supreme Court to determine whether a state law violates the equal protection clause and they may be succinctly stated as follows. Number one is the reasonable test used in the majority of the cases, did a state have a reasonable purpose in passing the law? Is there some difference between the two classes of persons that make it reasonable to treat them differently? If yes, then the law is valid this can be manipulated of course, in 1949, we saw that happen when The Supreme Court of Michigan said the state could prohibit all women from holding bartender jobs without violating the equal protection clause, because the state's purpose was to prevent moral and social problems and prohibiting women from bartending was a reasonable way to prevent those problems. This of course is considered fallacious in the treatment of both of these situations. Since it certainly appears, the real purpose of the Michigan Law was undoubtedly to discriminate against women, it should have been invalidated. The desire to treat equals unequally, cannot be a reasonable purpose under the equal protection clause. Then secondly, the strict scrutiny rule or suspect classification to decide whether a state law violates the equal protection clause is much more stringent. The court generally applies it to racially discriminatory laws, those affecting certain fundamental rights as the right to vote of the treatment of blacks and whites differently and the questions are, does the state have a purpose of overriding public importance in passing the law and is the classification established by law necessary to accomplishing that purpose? That is both the law's purpose and the differences between the two classes of persons affected by the law, are looked at very critically and the last test applied by the court is the intermediate test, which has been applied primarily to sex discrimination cases. Excuse me. It provides that classifications by sex are constitutional only if they serve important governatorial objectives and are substantially related to one of those objectives, does the law further an important goal of the government? Is the different treatment of men and women substantially necessary to accomplish the goal. More difficult, this is to prove that the purpose of the law is important and classifications substantially necessary to achieve that purpose. As stated earlier, The supreme court has shown some consideration in applying the reasonable tests in sex discrimination. However, there is no guarantee whatsoever that sex discrimination cases will be struck down. Our work must go on, we do need an equal rights amendment and we have just begun. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- [Female voice] Does anyone have any questions?\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] I see my husband has come in and if I can't answer it, he can. Sweet, would you stand up so they can see you, this is my boss Judge Gritzner, he's from the district court of Iowa, he's a senior judge. Yes\r\n\r\n- [Female voice] You mentioned that the body responsible for enforcing the, enforcing title right now and then you mentioned that the enforcement will change with the equal amendment rights by state, could you just explain that a little more for me?\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Yes, I'd be glad to. We are anxious to see the ER--\r\n\r\n- [Judge Gritzner] It's the fortunate standard of leadership\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Oh sure, certainly, the question was that under Title IX, there would be a change in the enforcement of the rule discrimination. She wants to know what is the difference, what will be the difference than it is now. Am I repeating it correctly?\r\n\r\n- [Male voice] Correct.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] The difference will be that we will not be dependent upon any federal agency to enforce the law and that is a big consideration. We will be solely and wholly dependent upon the courts. So, and that is in the States through the state courts and knowing I'm a government person, I'm an attorney for a small business administration, so, I have some knowledge and appreciation of how we work and we do work, don't let anybody fool you. But on the other hand, I do know that government agencies do get bogged down and unless someone at the top is pushing and saying, we must do this. It has to come from the very top that sometimes we don't get things done that we should. So, I think that the ERA is an absolute must for us, yes. Yes sir\r\n\r\n- [Male voice] My question is I kinda lost track of what's happening to the ERA in terms of its current status how it's been eventually made into processes\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Well, it's dead. That's it, it almost passed, we were just short of three states ratification by three states. So, it almost passed, but you know what almost is, so, it is dead. I think that we have a lot of friends, I think that we made, we have made a lot of headway, I think that we have put to rest a lot of misconceptions as to what we were and how we, we were and I'm certain that the next time around we will make it. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Female voice] Have you read Mary Frances Berry's book on I have not, I'm just wondering if you've read it, widely on ERA and her feelings do not--\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] I have not read the book, I have not been able to get it, but I have talked with her and she's, Oh, she's so full of wisdom and information and knowledge, I don't know whether I can repeat what she said or not, she said so very much. But there are a number of theories as to why we lost it and I think that it might be pretty well accepted pretty generally thought that politics had a lot to do with it. And we think that a little more effort on our part and a little more sophistication now, which we have is going to play a big part in our, making it through and that's an over simplification perhaps of it.\r\n\r\n- [Female voice] Is it true that she feels as if it's a distraction and other things that need to be done, trying to--\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Well, um hmm perhaps you're speaking of, the way we feel about the Black cause and the women's cause, and we certainly see the black problem as somewhat different from the women's cause. And while we work for both causes, there is such a distinct difference that sometimes, this can raise questions in the minds of some of us. But I think that maybe, I think perhaps this is what you have in mind, is it not?\r\n\r\n- [Female voice] No, I had heard from someone, is that the book was critical, introducing it again and visibly distract from work that would be a great advantage to women in this century. Other causes, other laws\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] I did not, she did not express that to me, now, she may very well feel that way, but she did not express it to me. Yes.\r\n\r\n- [Female voice] A question for you or your husband, is the number of women judges in the State of Iowa increasing appreciably?\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] I think my husband should answer that.\r\n\r\n- [Judge Gritzner] What did she say?\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] She said, she's asking is the number of women judges in Iowa increasing appreciably.\r\n\r\n- [Judge Gritzner] Yes, tremendously yes, should be more, that's the principal.\r\n\r\n- [Instructor] Are any of you planning to go to law school? Oh great. Oh, my one, I saw three hands, are there more? Good, four great, it's the best profession in the world. You think you'll die before you get out of law school, you don't think you'll live through it, but you will and you'll thoroughly enjoy. So, I encourage you to enjoy. Thank you so much, it's been a pleasure being here and I love meeting you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46865/file/120264#t=0.0,1830.696"}]}]}]}