{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sx6445j630/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Soto Holgu’n, Alvaro, Human Aspects of Global Environmental Change"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203927 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Human Aspects of Global Environmental Change is an April 20, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Alvaro Soto Holguín. Alvaro Soto Holguín asserts that international cooperation is needed to combat global environmental change and that people in poorer southern hemisphere countries","should not suffer to benefit the richer northern hemisphere countries.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203927"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Human Aspects of Global Environmental Change. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9125qf6m"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990-04-20"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Soto Holguín, Alvaro (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Global environmental change","Economic development--Environmental aspects","Deforestation","Indians of South America"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Human Aspects of Global Environmental Change is an April 20, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Alvaro Soto Holguín. Alvaro Soto Holguín asserts that international cooperation is needed to combat global environmental change and that people in poorer southern hemisphere countries","should not suffer to benefit the richer northern hemisphere countries.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/092/small/lecture.png?1622564921","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My name is Cricket Seth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=5.43,6.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"assigned with the Student Environment Council,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=6.54,8.419"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I have a couple of announcements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=8.419,10.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First before we get started,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=10.32,11.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there's a couple of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=11.77,12.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Student Environmental Council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=12.603,13.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'd like to thank for all their work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=13.99,15.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their time and effort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=15.82,17.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one is the Council and all as a whole,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=17.26,19.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they've done so much work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=19.95,21.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the other is Doug Drainen, our president,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=21.217,23.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has done a tremendous amount of work for everything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=23.68,26.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have been working on.\n(claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=26.12,29.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another person that's recognized all the work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=33.203,35.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Student Environmental Council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=35.66,37.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been doing is Senator Tom 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instead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=42.924,45.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he sent this letter and thinking about Earth Day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=45.99,49.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and recognizing Iowa state is doing a lot for Earth Day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=49.31,53.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It says, \"Dear members of the planning committee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=53.137,55.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I was glad to hear about the activities planned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=55.567,57.487"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"for Earth Week Iowa State University to commemorate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=57.487,59.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"the 20-year anniversary of the first celebration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=59.907,62.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I'm sorry I cannot be with you today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=62.717,64.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"but please know I'm with you in spirit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=64.377,66.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"As a graduate of Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=66.557,68.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I'm happy to see the growing numbers of students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=68.147,70.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"who are involved in environmental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=70.127,71.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and public service projects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=71.707,73.567"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"As a concern about the environment grows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=73.567,75.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"it's great to see groups on campus organized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=75.777,78.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to foster the environmental ethic, not only on campus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=78.607,81.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"but in the greater community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=81.627,83.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Native Americans named our state the beautiful land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=83.317,85.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and so it is today, from the Missouri to the Mississippi.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=85.787,89.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Yet each year these rivers carry away many tons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=89.167,91.989"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"of our rich Iowa topsoil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=91.989,94.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Air and water pollution, energy consumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=94.537,97.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and landfills with no more space are concerns of everyone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=97.017,100.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"With these and other problems in mind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=100.357,102.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"we mark the 20th anniversary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=102.057,103.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"the original Earth Day celebration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=103.607,105.188"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and rededicate Americans to 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Americans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=109.117,111.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"identify themselves as environmentalists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=111.043,113.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"than Democrats or 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movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=116.882,118.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"are about the politics of survival,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=118.837,120.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and none of us can afford to be apathetic about 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resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=126.227,128.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"including our outstanding environmentalist like you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=128.307,131.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"And we have farmers whose hearts are in the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=131.047,133.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"with clean air legislation overwhelmingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=133.317,135.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"approved by the Senate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=135.287,136.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"in many ways, America's on the right track.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=136.407,138.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"But we must continue to look beyond our borders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=138.503,141.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"not just think globally, but act locally too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=141.077,144.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"If we are to help to find the answers to the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=144.207,146.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and if we are to help find answers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=146.447,148.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to the world environmental laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=148.137,150.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Congratulations on the successful series of events","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=150.057,152.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"you have organized in celebrating Earth Week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=152.417,154.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Keep up the good work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=154.517,155.417"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"and please continue to stay involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=155.417,156.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sincerely, Senator Tom Harkin.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=156.93,158.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also, I thought that was a really nice letter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=159.86,162.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, I was really surprised when his office called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=162.83,165.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was thinking about us here at Iowa State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=165.76,168.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And kind of that made me feel really good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=168.517,170.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that our legislators are listening to us at the local level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=170.8,173.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we're pushing for environmental issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=173.906,176.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we're really concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=176.42,177.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want clean air, and we want clean water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=177.41,179.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want to make sure that in 20 years from 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breathe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=183.79,184.926"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, good clean air and all those things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=184.926,188.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway, on that note, I also like to 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Columbia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=195.28,196.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's done a lot of work in the Amazon region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=196.45,198.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is an anthropologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=198.97,200.238"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's been Director of the Forest Service,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=200.238,204.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Director of National Parks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=206.295,208.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in South America and Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=208.09,210.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyways guys in Canada","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=210.68,211.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are working on International Human Dimensions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=211.77,214.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Global Environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=214.167,216.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So anyway, on that, I'll let him explain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=216.08,217.708"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rest of it to you, but here's Dr. Soto Hogan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=217.708,221.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=221.216,223.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much, Cricket.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=228.901,230.398"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And thank you for the kind invitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=230.398,235.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to participate and collaborate on this environmental week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=235.17,240.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at Iowa State University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=241.13,243.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am indeed Human International and Human 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image","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=252.86,257.005"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the International Geosphere and Miosphere Program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=257.005,261.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all both parts 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America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=649.32,654.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we ask them, What's your opinion?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=656.58,660.071"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you see this problem of global environmental change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=660.071,665.071"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from this prime point of Latin America?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=667.06,672.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we came up with a report which we 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name","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=712.93,714.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is invoked for those countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=715.733,719.441"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those tensions, the only way to solve those 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dialogue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=734.25,736.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through looking for ways of gaining a common understanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=736.773,741.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yesterday also in the global change meeting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=747.48,750.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I proposed to organize a international meeting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=751.93,756.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a scholars from Canada and the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=757.58,762.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the scholars from Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=763.401,767.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not a big thing, I think that it should be 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together,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=777.024,781.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"start talking together because we don't have too much time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=782.56,787.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, part of what I intend to do tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=788.96,793.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to tell you about these reports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=797.056,802.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Latin American workshops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=802.759,805.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how these Latin American community of scholars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=805.19,809.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see the problem of global environmental change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=809.516,814.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is seen as important there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=814.62,818.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are the main issues from the Latin America standpoint?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=818.127,823.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But also I think it is important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=825.56,827.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only to hear the scholars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=827.53,830.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to hear at the local communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=830.73,835.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the peasant communities, the Indian communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=836.08,838.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they may have a lot to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=838.944,842.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in how to manage environments there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=842.29,847.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to manage planet Earth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=847.45,850.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the third part of the lecture is going to be...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=850.0,854.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna try to explain a case study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=860.691,865.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the North part of Colombia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=865.7,868.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we are going to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=868.26,870.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the different environmental situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=870.28,874.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of South America very fast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=874.57,878.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And how the local population was and have been dealing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=878.82,882.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with management of the environment there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=882.787,883.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we are going to concentrate 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Marta,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=893.049,895.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a very nice cases study for what I am saying.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=895.204,899.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the first point that I want to 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acute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=920.422,924.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and eventually develop into a conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=924.492,927.742"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I believe it's very 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South,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1690.21,1695.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but as I said before, honestly are absolutely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1695.27,1698.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're necessary 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is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1709.576,1711.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's the Indian and present local population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1715.44,1720.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the third world have to say, what can we learn from 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them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1738.82,1741.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to tell them what to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1743.047,1744.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we civilize sort of people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1746.415,1749.248"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people that live in civilized countries like myself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1751.029,1755.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to think that people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1756.236,1758.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are in the other part of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1758.49,1761.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they are third, they are less,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1762.926,1765.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are like ignorant and not so modern and not so wise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1766.621,1771.621"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we go and teach them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1777.852,1779.252"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We invent programs for the international aid programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1780.18,1785.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we go there and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1788.46,1789.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look we know very well how you do things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1789.59,1794.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we come, you know, we have technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1794.1,1798.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will teach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1798.77,1801.092"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And sometimes that kind of thing doesn't work very 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then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1813.577,1816.125"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that weren't producing very effectively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1816.125,1819.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but doing very well from the standpoint of environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1820.924,1825.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so we came with these new technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1825.667,1830.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and modern ideas and told them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1831.103,1834.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way to do it is with a lot of fertilizers and pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1835.176,1840.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then become rich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1841.12,1842.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was a lot be more than civilized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1843.455,1847.536"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they led us to create a real mess there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1847.536,1852.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what they are trying to do now is to go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1852.01,1855.105"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and produce like they were producing before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1855.105,1858.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let me show some (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1859.333,1861.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I really ask for your forgiveness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1862.81,1867.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it may look so a little bit disconnected,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1870.021,1873.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole thing, I don't know why.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1873.173,1874.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I want to show you someone's of these live","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1874.982,1877.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I (indistinct) show you how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1877.495,1881.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem is seen from this inhuman (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1881.597,1886.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the third one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1888.099,1890.266"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think maybe we need to put this machine (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1890.266,1895.266"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct 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saving of the rest of the continent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1949.831,1953.998"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because this continent has...\n(laughs).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1957.034,1961.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct 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murmurs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1976.972,1979.889"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, Colombia has almost every of the environmental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1992.09,1997.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"settings of the continent (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=1997.053,2001.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the great ways here the Amazon works here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2008.567,2012.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the highest the Pacific coast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2014.343,2016.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is also a tropical forest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2019.79,2023.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is here in Sierra Nevada de Santa Mart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2023.052,2026.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will show very fast how the Amazon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2026.484,2029.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the (indistinct) of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Mart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2029.277,2034.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nothing happened (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2041.508,2044.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, this is the Amazonia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2047.2,2049.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of things have been said about the Amazon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2050.364,2053.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Amazon is being destructed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2053.173,2056.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the destruction of the Amazon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2056.843,2058.181"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going harm the whole world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2058.181,2061.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we must stop those crazy Brazilians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2061.01,2066.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that want to really harm that magnificent 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(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2325.54,2330.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That these (indistinct) is because is the rainy season","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2333.909,2338.909"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and can not be used for any intensive agricultural 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(indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2349.15,2354.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is the Orinoco river by Venezuela,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2362.84,2366.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to show you the plains and the topography of the 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are...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2373.55,2376.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no top soil, see at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2376.74,2379.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that grasslands is very fragile and disappears,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2379.63,2383.887"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is very easy to (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2383.887,2386.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to cause terrible erosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2386.12,2388.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the modern strategy for using that kind of thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2388.56,2393.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would say something that has to be very much high tech,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2395.86,2400.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the richness of that ares is the solarity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2402.13,2404.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the amount of sunlight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2407.23,2409.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which because is near the equator line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2409.34,2411.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is almost the same every day of the 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Colombia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2449.329,2452.496"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again lot of tropical rain forest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2453.67,2456.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lay again a huge bio-diversity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2456.91,2461.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very important in terms of the bio-diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2461.53,2465.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Different forests than forests of the Amazon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2466.38,2471.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Soils here are a little better,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2471.51,2476.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it rains much more than in the Amazon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2476.12,2479.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally the region of the Andes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2479.973,2484.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the regional Sierra Nevada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2484.21,2486.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I want to go very fast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2486.82,2488.716"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Sierra Nevada de Santa Mart,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2488.716,2490.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I want to show the Sierra,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2490.99,2492.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the the Sierra is a quite unique case in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2492.637,2497.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is the case of these very high mountain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2498.96,2501.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that goes all over from the sea level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2501.58,2504.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 18000 feet is located in only 30 kilometers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2504.04,2507.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2516.427,2518.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These (indistinct) people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2534.02,2535.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are are (indistinct) civilization in the the Sierra","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2535.9,2539.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that culture was sort of known until the last 10 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2539.478,2544.478"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15 years, more or less.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2551.36,2552.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again it goes from the sea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2553.959,2557.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the way up to the to his (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2557.11,2559.929"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it has every ecological 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lowlands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2571.07,2573.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the way up to the palm type of environment up there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2573.17,2578.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a very short 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2586.667,2589.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for biologic and environmental and ecological studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2589.084,2594.084"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that these studies on a culture, I was showing you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2596.24,2601.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"use the Sierra in a way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2603.04,2604.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to maintain a higher density of population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2607.42,2611.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much higher than (indistinct) setters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2613.07,2615.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without doing an evident environmental damage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2615.47,2620.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the the Sierra.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2622.442,2624.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is how the (indistinct) settlers use the Sierra, see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2624.573,2628.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the civilized way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2628.32,2631.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the civilized concept of how to use the the Sierra.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2632.83,2636.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This fellow comes here, he builds a house like his home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2636.7,2641.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he starts to slash the forest and plow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2641.706,2646.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And because there is this inclination of the terrain here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2648.587,2653.338"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"erosion comes very fast and then (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2653.338,2658.338"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so he finds the next neighbor doing the same thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2658.668,2663.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the neighbor vulnerable and having his house here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2668.106,2672.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He already damage this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2676.898,2677.998"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now he's trying to plow into 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techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2712.57,2717.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of (indistinct) settlement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2718.04,2718.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and trying to use the plots not giving no time to regenerate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2719.847,2724.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and create new (indistinct) of erosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2727.676,2730.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is very difficult so as to recuperate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2730.507,2733.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2733.353,2734.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we went into the Sierra and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2736.92,2739.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well if we heard through the (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2739.29,2743.242"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there was a civilization in here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2743.242,2747.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a lot of cities and a lot people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2747.39,2750.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how comes traveling Sierra these days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2750.03,2753.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll see any that environmental damage that theoretically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2753.237,2758.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you should see when the Sierras use it so intensively.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2760.57,2765.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because this notion of fragility of the ecosystem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2765.859,2767.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people say where is the ecosystem that is fragile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2771.4,2773.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you can not overuse it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2773.87,2775.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no it's not that the ecosystem is fragile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2775.737,2778.752"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's the way you use the ecosystem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2778.752,2782.572"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we went to see how this (indistinct) people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2782.572,2787.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organize themselves and what they invented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2787.025,2790.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so seeing the maps and (indistinct) maps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2791.72,2796.638"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the distribution of the population in the Sierra,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2796.638,2800.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we found this 16 centaury map","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2800.27,2802.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which the Spaniards said that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2803.583,2807.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were a lot of (indistinct) there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2807.614,2811.866"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And particularly this development of the (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2811.866,2816.808"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is the Caribbean coast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2816.808,2818.945"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is what remains of the mountains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2818.945,2822.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Sierra Nevada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2822.688,2827.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we started exploration of the Sierra,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2830.354,2832.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is an example of an interdisciplinary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2832.755,2837.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2837.365,2839.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we were involving archeologists, anthropologists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2839.663,2844.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environmentally, (indistinct), all sort of scientists there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2844.667,2849.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So with all these explorations of the Sierra Nevada in 1973,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2851.63,2855.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plotting archeological settings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2856.067,2858.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and seeing the patterns of use of the 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exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2869.232,2872.482"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the (indistinct) of the Spaniard set,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2873.523,2876.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heavily used and heavily populated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2876.323,2879.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we start to make calculations and we give...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=2880.7,2884.36"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27990/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/990/original/AV203927_Human_Aspects_of_Global_Environmental_Change_a.vtt?1622564923","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/990/original/AV203927_Human_Aspects_of_Global_Environmental_Change_a.vtt?1622564923"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27991","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203927_Human_Aspects_of_Global_Environmental_Change_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092/transcript/27991/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- My name is Cricket Seth, assigned with the Student Environment Council, and I have a couple of announcements. First before we get started, I think there's a couple of people in the Student Environmental Council that I'd like to thank for all their work and their time and effort. And one is the Council and all as a whole, I mean, they've done so much work. And the other is Doug Drainen, our president, has done a tremendous amount of work for everything that we have been working on. Another person that's recognized all the work that the Student Environmental Council has been doing is Senator Tom Harkin. He sent a letter to us today and I'd like to read it to you, and he wishes he could be here but instead, he sent this letter and thinking about Earth Day and recognizing Iowa state is doing a lot for Earth Day. It says, \"Dear members of the planning committee, \"I was glad to hear about the activities planned \"for Earth Week Iowa State University to commemorate \"the 20-year anniversary of the first celebration. \"I'm sorry I cannot be with you today, \"but please know I'm with you in spirit. \"As a graduate of Iowa State, \"I'm happy to see the growing numbers of students \"who are involved in environmental \"and public service projects. \"As a concern about the environment grows, \"it's great to see groups on campus organized \"to foster the environmental ethic, not only on campus, \"but in the greater community. \"Native Americans named our state the beautiful land, \"and so it is today, from the Missouri to the Mississippi. \"Yet each year these rivers carry away many tons \"of our rich Iowa topsoil. \"Air and water pollution, energy consumption, \"and landfills with no more space are concerns of everyone. \"With these and other problems in mind, \"we mark the 20th anniversary, \"the original Earth Day celebration \"and rededicate Americans to environmentalism \"from the grassroots up. \"A recent poll show that more Americans, \"identify themselves as environmentalists \"than Democrats or Republicans. \"That is as it should be. \"Earth Day and the environmental movement \"are about the politics of survival, \"and none of us can afford to be apathetic about that. \"We have our share of problems \"but we also have a terrific natural resources, \"including our outstanding environmentalist like you. \"And we have farmers whose hearts are in the land \"with clean air legislation overwhelmingly \"approved by the Senate, \"in many ways, America's on the right track. \"But we must continue to look beyond our borders \"not just think globally, but act locally too. \"If we are to help to find the answers to the world, \"and if we are to help find answers \"to the world environmental laws. \"Congratulations on the successful series of events \"you have organized in celebrating Earth Week. \"Keep up the good work, \"and please continue to stay involved. Sincerely, Senator Tom Harkin.\" And also, I thought that was a really nice letter. Actually, I was really surprised when his office called and was thinking about us here at Iowa State. And kind of that made me feel really good that our legislators are listening to us at the local level and we're pushing for environmental issues and we're really concerned. We want clean air, and we want clean water. We want to make sure that in 20 years from now, that in Earth Day, 20 years that we're gonna be able to breathe, you know, good clean air and all those things. But anyway, on that note, I also like to introduce our speaker tonight, Dr. Avaro Soto Hogan, who was from Columbia, and he's done a lot of work in the Amazon region. He is an anthropologist and he's been Director of the Forest Service, the Director of National Parks in South America and Latin America. Anyways guys in Canada are working on International Human Dimensions of the Global Environment. So anyway, on that, I'll let him explain the rest of it to you, but here's Dr. Soto Hogan.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much, Cricket. And thank you for the kind invitation to participate and collaborate on this environmental week here at Iowa State University. I am indeed Human International and Human Dimensions of Global Change Program, which is sort of like the mirror image of the International Geosphere and Miosphere Program. And all both parts together are parts of the Canadian Global Change Program. There is a Global Change Programs in different countries of the world. There is U.S. Global Change Program, there is a Committee for Global Change in Mexico. There is several Global Change commissions and committees in Europe, USA and other parts of the world. But it strikes to me, and I was thinking yesterday, the people that were participants of the meeting on the Canadian Global Change, the yearly meeting of the Canadian Global Change Program yesterday in Toronto. And it seems to me that we are speaking about global change and global problems and it doesn't look like the participation of the whole globe is represented in those meetings, see. I think that the environmental change problem, is the problem of the 20th century. And the 20th century doesn't really exist, because the 20 century, speaking in terms of what, the 20 century as a standard of living of industrialized countries, is only a portion of the population of planet Earth. Maybe one quarter of the population of planet Earth lives in the 20th century. The rest of the population lives somewhere between the neolithic and the 19th century stage of development. And those people which we tend to see as minorities and that in reality are majorities on the world, are seldom hurt and much less represented in those international forums. And they are also absent from the instance where decisions are made about the areas of the world where they live. And I mean with this is like the so-called minorities, the Indian populations, some of the peasant populations of the world that are not quite part of the industrial society and part of the 20th century, are not heard neither represented when decisions are being taken about the areas of the world where they live. And those decisions are taken by, of course, decision makers in industrialized countries but also local governments of those countries. So I don't mean that decisions are only in this instance the responsibility or an event that is happening in the North countries, is also the governments of the South countries that are making those decisions, but without the democratic participation of those so called minorities. One of the complaints of the international Geosphere and Biosphere Program is exactly that. Is that the program was organized internationally with very little participation of the so called third world. And so when the human renaissance of Global Change Program was being organized in Canada, it's international, human renaissance of World Change Program that has it's rating in Canada, the Royal Society of Canada. The program was being organized, it was thought that it was important to ask the third world its opinion on these issues and concerns, having to do with global environmental change. So we organize a meeting, the first of a series of meetings. This one was in Latin America, and we invite of the International Institute for Research of Venezuela. We invite 15 scholars, members or director members of the main environmental institutions or universities of Latin America. And we ask them, What's your opinion? How do you see this problem of global environmental change from this prime point of Latin America? And we came up with a report which we call, \"A Common Understanding for A Common Future.\" Essentially what this said, and what was said in that meeting, is that this problem of global environmental change is bound to create tensions between North and South hemispheres between industrial countries and so called under-developed or third world or whatever name is invoked for those countries. And those tensions, the only way to solve those tensions as it was seen from this point of Latin America was through dialogue, through looking for ways of gaining a common understanding. Yesterday also in the global change meeting, I proposed to organize a international meeting with a scholars from Canada and the United States and the scholars from Latin America. Not a big thing, I think that it should be something of about 20 people, 10 people from the North, and 10 people from the South and start thinking together, start talking together because we don't have too much time. Anyway, part of what I intend to do tonight is to tell you about these reports of the Latin American workshops and how these Latin American community of scholars see the problem of global environmental change. What is seen as important there? What are the main issues from the Latin America standpoint? But also I think it is important not only to hear the scholars, but to hear at the local communities, the peasant communities, the Indian communities, because they may have a lot to say in how to manage environments there, how to manage planet Earth. So, the third part of the lecture is going to be... I'm gonna try to explain a case study in the North part of Colombia. So, we are going to see the different environmental situations of South America very fast. And how the local population was and have been dealing with management of the environment there. And we are going to concentrate specifically in the North part of Colombia, in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, which is a very nice cases study for what I am saying. So the first point that I want to make is that unless we establish an efficient dialogue, an efficient way of communicating with each other, these problems of global environmental change, are going to become more and more acute and eventually develop into a conflict. So I believe it's very important to start working on this . From the Latin American standpoint, when we asked them, these scholars, about the key issues of environmental change, they say that on the first instance, the program had to be the payments in for . First there was acute problem in North-South relations. Here's what I am saying. Second, they say that, the way of social and natural sciences deal with the program is not appropriate. Third, they say that, it is necessary to develop a new economical language, a new economical thought, a new economical approach to the problems having to do with a global change. And forth they said that, the global change problem in Latin America had to be seen in three more specific characteristics that were very particular to the case of that area. In relation with the first point, which is the North South relations. They particularly said that, there is an increasingly economic interlocking on all the nations of Earth, and that means that nations of the Earth are facing an increasing ecological interdependence. But under developed world must survive in a world in which the resources got between Northern South is widening, and which the industry dominates the global economy. In this economy, the developed world has already use and waste much, perhaps most of the planet ecological capital. Such inequality is the world's main environmental problem. It is necessarily then to establish a new arrangement, a new international set of relationships to permit a more equitable interaction on countries and to serve as a foundation for further necessarily agreements or measures to correct current global environmental approach. So this inequality on the use of the natural resources in Earth, was seen as the main environmental problem in planet Earth. Many people start speaking about social and natural sciences. And essentially what it was said was that, there is a tendency to restrict science only to description and explanation, and not include prescription. And so it is said that scientists should understand then propose necessary actions. It is necessary to research and carry that research not only through dialogue with governments, but also more broadly through Latin American societies. in order for people in developing their own response to global environmental change. So we see as science helping to create a response, to educate people so that the people, can create the response to the problem of global environmental change. In common language, said that the language of neoclassical and Keynesian economics is inadequate to deal with the environmental calamities of present date. A new economic language is needed, in which long-term environmental consequences can be assessed. There is a tendency to confront the environmental problems of the world, with an optimistic ideology of development or categories, such a sustainability, that are changed to objectives, in a bid to make them serve as an operational elements in solving the environmental problems of the earth. So it was said that it is necessary to develop new concepts and terminologies to permit the thinking of development beyond the straight jacket of macroeconomics thought, with its limited conception on the , and it's assumptions that complex social technical ecosystems can be managed using such narrow quantitative indicators as global national approach and growth domestic product as well. There was a long discussion on those specific elements that are characteristics of these Latin American environmental crisis I'm going to read some of them to you. It was said that, and the first thing, there's a different of a scope of how the North sees environmental problems in the South, and how South perceives those environmental problems there. By example, the Amazonia problem, by which the North considered as an important regulator of global climate, meanwhile in Brazil and other countries, Amazon is considered as a very important resource base for national and a regional development Then the theme of external debts. The relationship between external debt and the exploitation of natural resources, is at the root of of the Latin American social and environmental crisis. Poor countries are blinded simultaneously to accept growing poverty, while exporting larger quantities of products, extracted probably the resource endowments. The problem of rural-urban growth, was suggested also for Latin America in which cities are growing for the next few years, they would grow in 750 million people more at the end of next century. So that implies a terrible burden for Latin America. And that problem has to be addressed urgently and solve it. The problem of environmental diversity and it's said that today in Latin America, thousands of square miles of forest land disappeared here in the name of development, resulting in a near terrible loss of vegetable and animal endowment. And this is a major economic and environmental issue, since it is not nothing lesser than more economical scientific tragedy. The problem of cultural diversity was addressed also. And it was said that the process to world development also implied many times, trends towards cultural organization and with that that loss of many the cultural traits that's our original cultures have used to survive in those particular environments and that are very valuable for humanity as a whole. The problem of the national accounts criteria, relevant economic and planning institutions in Latin America remain almost totally diverse from environmental preoccupation. It is necessary to integrate ecological considerations into the central political and economical decisions. As an urgent versus the renewable and non-renewable natural resources, should be included in local national accounts, in order to determine the real cause of environmental deterioration and handling and to avoid the ongoing ecological impoverishment. The ethical and legal problems, connected with this global change issue, the effect and consequences of global environmental change, are questions to be dealt within the field of law. Furthermore public international law is the only weapon that can be used on the world stages to stop of the planet's resources. Consequently, the work shop, is proposing the formulation of new international environmental legislation, that establishes individual and collective, corporate institution or the governmental responsibilities for damage to natural resources. The establishment of criteria for environmental and ecological transgressions and crimes, of international character. The integration of environmental laws already exist in different countries, that used to be incorporated. The aversion of integrated regimens for areas such as the Amazon and Antarctica, the establishment of an environmental world and the creation of non-governmental international organization equivalent to Amnesty International, in the environmental and ecological field. Those are the main points. The main propositions and reflections, made by these Latin American workshop. We are going to organize another one in Africa and another one in Asia, and put the three things together and that will sort to be be a document on the third world perspective on the problem. I didn't know that common document would be very valuable for those future meetings between North and South, but as I said before, honestly are absolutely, they're necessary important. All right, that's the first part of the whole thing. Now, the other part is, what's the Indian and present local population of the third world have to say, what can we learn from them? And I am saying specifically that, what can we learn from them? Because many times we have the attitude of going into those communities to teach them and to tell them what to do. And so we civilize sort of people, people that live in civilized countries like myself, tend to think that people that are in the other part of the world, because they are third, they are less, they are like ignorant and not so modern and not so wise. And so we go and teach them. We invent programs for the international aid programs. And we go there and say, look we know very well how you do things, so we come, you know, we have technology, we will teach. And sometimes that kind of thing doesn't work very well, like the history of the of the Green Revolution, see. Those places were then that weren't producing very effectively but doing very well from the standpoint of environment. And so we came with these new technology and modern ideas and told them, the way to do it is with a lot of fertilizers and pesticides and then become rich. It was a lot be more than civilized. And they led us to create a real mess there and what they are trying to do now is to go back and produce like they were producing before. So let me show some , and I really ask for your forgiveness because it may look so a little bit disconnected, the whole thing, I don't know why. But I want to show you someone's of these live because I show you how the problem is seen from this inhuman and the third one. So I think maybe we need to put this machine . environmental saving of the rest of the continent, because this continent has... . Perhaps we can use the... Okay, Colombia has almost every of the environmental settings of the continent . One of the great ways here the Amazon works here, the highest the Pacific coast, which is also a tropical forest that is here in Sierra Nevada de Santa Mart. I will show very fast how the Amazon is the of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Mart. Nothing happened Okay, this is the Amazonia. A lot of things have been said about the Amazon. The Amazon is being destructed, the destruction of the Amazon is going harm the whole world. That we must stop those crazy Brazilians that want to really harm that magnificent forest and the Amazon et cetera. Now the real thing is that the Amazonian forest, cause a huge extension, which is what I intend to show there. It's a huge forest, almost as big as the continent of the United States. And even if some harm has been done in the area, still there's a lot of forests in perfect state of conservation. There see, this is Amazonia forest, this is Colombian territory. Rivers, waters still clean. Air in the area is quite almost clean. The strategy of the Indians, of the primitive so-called primitive settlers of the Amazon, was to settle along the rivers and plow no more that three or four acres squares and then rotate. So one household would be apart from and the other one in a minimal distance of about one kilometer, half a mile. And meanwhile this house hold here would be rotating the plows around the house and this one would be rotating here, and they move. So they have been living like that in the Amazon for thousands of years managing the environment. And perhaps we can mirror them, we need to learn from them from on the same. This is a town in the Amazon. What is happening here is that there is no rotation, there's permanent settlement and so people start to build houses around the forest, the natural forest and erosion very fast begins to show. See this was anymore forest and there's no going to be anymore forest. And it's very difficult to replace the forest once the soils are washed. Again another view of the Amazon , the rivers, see, there is population living there. A new population but you can not see or notice any impact. This is again, wide settlements of the area in which people tend to loot in houses along the of the river. And they stay there for long duration of time and they start to deplete the forest and damage it. And in this and this moment that's not very but it's going to be in the future as more and more population goes there. This is the Plains, the Eastern Plains of Columbia. Immense territories also with very little population. But the country to the plains here and around the mid-west of the United States, these area do not have good soil at all are escalating soils, very difficult to grow anything there. The only good solis are here, where the river basins start to . That these is because is the rainy season and can not be used for any intensive agricultural purpose. What the native population was doing there, their adaptation strategy, was to be . And this is the Orinoco river by Venezuela, just to show you the plains and the topography of the area. And this is the same planes in the . See the soils are... There is no top soil, see at all. So that grasslands is very fragile and disappears, and is very easy to and to cause terrible erosion. Now the modern strategy for using that kind of thing, I would say something that has to be very much high tech, the richness of that ares is the solarity, the amount of sunlight, which because is near the equator line, is almost the same every day of the year. And the water, I mean it rains a lot, has a lot of water. So perhaps in the future, it will be magnificent area for intensive and widespread plantations that will be over the soil. This is the Pacific coast of Colombia. Again lot of tropical rain forest, lay again a huge bio-diversity, very important in terms of the bio-diversity. Different forests than forests of the Amazon. Soils here are a little better, it rains much more than in the Amazon. And finally the region of the Andes, the regional Sierra Nevada. Now I want to go very fast on the Sierra Nevada de Santa Mart, but I want to show the Sierra, because the the Sierra is a quite unique case in the world. Is the case of these very high mountain that goes all over from the sea level to 18000 feet is located in only 30 kilometers. These people, they are are civilization in the the Sierra but that culture was sort of known until the last 10 years, 15 years, more or less. Again it goes from the sea, all the way up to the to his and it has every ecological niche present in the tropics from the low lands, the tropical forests of the lowlands all the way up to the palm type of environment up there in a very short distance. So what is very interesting about these mountains beside being the perfect for biologic and environmental and ecological studies, is that these studies on a culture, I was showing you, use the Sierra in a way to maintain a higher density of population, much higher than setters without doing an evident environmental damage to the the Sierra. This is how the settlers use the Sierra, see. This is the civilized way, the civilized concept of how to use the the Sierra. This fellow comes here, he builds a house like his home and he starts to slash the forest and plow. And because there is this inclination of the terrain here, erosion comes very fast and then . And so he finds the next neighbor doing the same thing, as the neighbor vulnerable and having his house here. He already damage this and now he's trying to plow into use and lots of the Sierra. And throwing the water to this kind of situation. That's how the the Sierra Nevada de Santa Mart ended in the South part after being used by these civilized techniques of settlement and trying to use the plots not giving no time to regenerate and create new of erosion. This is very difficult so as to recuperate, very difficult. So we went into the Sierra and said, well if we heard through the that there was a civilization in here in a lot of cities and a lot people, how comes traveling Sierra these days, you'll see any that environmental damage that theoretically, you should see when the Sierras use it so intensively. Because this notion of fragility of the ecosystem, people say where is the ecosystem that is fragile so you can not overuse it, no it's not that the ecosystem is fragile, it's the way you use the ecosystem. So we went to see how this people, organize themselves and what they invented. And so seeing the maps and maps of the distribution of the population in the Sierra, we found this 16 centaury map in which the Spaniards said that, there were a lot of there. And particularly this development of the , this is the Caribbean coast and this is what remains of the mountains of the Sierra Nevada. So we started exploration of the Sierra, and this is an example of an interdisciplinary sort of because we were involving archeologists, anthropologists, environmentally, , all sort of scientists there. So with all these explorations of the Sierra Nevada in 1973, plotting archeological settings and seeing the patterns of use of the Sierra. And we came up with this map, that showed that the Sierra was exactly at the of the Spaniard set, heavily used and heavily populated. So we start to make calculations and we give...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116092#t=0.0,2889.768"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The explorations, we found one city,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=5.59,10.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"huge city actually, it's bigger than Machu Picchu,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=11.52,14.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we call The Lost City because it was quite lost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=15.128,18.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was four days walk from Santa Marta in this forest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=21.24,26.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is a beautiful forest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=27.851,28.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we started to dig up that city, trying to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=30.04,35.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how was the pattern of interaction with nature?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=36.951,41.951"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The city's quite lost because its located","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=46.02,51.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there behind the mountains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=53.738,56.179"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to walk at least for four days, five days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=56.179,60.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to arrive there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=61.27,62.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the city, now we reconstruct the city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=65.79,69.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the idea was not to make a Disneyland there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=69.71,72.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just rebuilding the city took five years of work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=74.01,77.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we didn't throw away the trees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=78.97,82.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So actually the city is semi lost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=82.38,85.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because what you see from here are just these terrace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=86.372,89.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very 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there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=136.32,138.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just to show you the techniques that the Tairona","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=138.883,141.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were using to preserve the 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otherwise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=146.2,149.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be very difficult to survive there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=149.528,152.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is a map of the city just for 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rains,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=420.95,423.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the water has to be managed, it will erode a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=423.45,428.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is very steep.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=429.31,431.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they make channels to conduct the water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=434.32,438.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one example of the 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made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=445.31,450.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's upside down, but anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=454.65,456.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's more or less a version of how they within the 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That big road that I showed you before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=488.1,492.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=500.65,501.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Sierra again, see, the 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from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=533.15,536.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of that knowledge we've lost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=541.4,543.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of the 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country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=572.99,575.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The moment of the arrival of the conquistadors here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=575.767,580.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tairona, Muisca et cetera, et cetera,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=585.287,588.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of those important cultures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=588.27,590.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the only one that had finished was (inaudible).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=590.746,595.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other ones were alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=595.814,598.055"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the 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century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=602.71,605.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Evaporated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=608.87,609.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with that evaporation, the 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humanity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=619.676,623.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the actual Indians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=629.94,632.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are the descendants of the old Taironas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=632.975,635.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the old people who was living there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=635.31,639.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't have any 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in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=941.163,944.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So ventilation is excellent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=944.433,947.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Taironas were right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=947.66,949.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No need for air condition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=950.28,951.734"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintenance of the whole thing is quite cheap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=951.734,955.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the cost of building that kind of hotel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=955.683,960.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is like 50 times less than building","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=961.27,965.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any other kind of construction. Hilton type. See?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=965.74,970.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is how it looks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=971.743,973.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the terraces from inside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=973.84,975.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's one of the rooms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=978.59,981.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've sat there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=983.26,985.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The (inaudible) is a little bit dark,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=985.123,987.014"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but here we can see how it's (inaudible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=987.014,992.014"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how the windows and those things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=994.014,997.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is just to show how simple is the construction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1006.09,1011.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just very simple thing, no huge quantities of cement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1012.74,1017.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"building is possible little things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1020.34,1022.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also is very pretty and very comfortable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1022.18,1025.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Alright. So that's the message.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1029.59,1034.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as a synthesis of the message is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1034.18,1039.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in this problems of global environmental change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1039.49,1043.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"civilized people have to hear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1045.484,1050.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so-called uncivilized or third world people on every level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1052.3,1056.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only in the academic and scientific milieu","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1058.1,1061.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also we have to hear the Taironas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1064.5,1067.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a lot to tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1067.72,1068.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm using too much time. So thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1073.917,1077.724"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1077.724,1080.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We'll take a few questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1091.38,1093.091"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also before you leave I wanted to tell you that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1093.091,1096.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have things for sale there if you're interested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1096.204,1099.852"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(inaudible)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1099.852,1102.185"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you able to determine where the cultivated fields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1103.713,1107.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Taironas were?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1107.953,1109.772"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, actually yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1109.772,1111.439"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same thing as in the Andes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1115.012,1117.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These terraces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1117.66,1122.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were terracing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1122.22,1125.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's very effective also, how those terraces work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1125.74,1129.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because those terraces operate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1129.44,1134.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the principle of drop irrigation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1134.32,1139.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1142.04,1144.064"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's one of the things that has been recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1144.064,1146.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discovered drop irrigation for trees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1146.82,1149.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the big thing today is drop irrigation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1151.17,1154.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tairona, the Incas, everyone was doing drop irrigation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1154.333,1158.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Were their fields close tho their houses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1158.37,1160.832"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Pardon?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1160.832,1161.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Were the fields close to their houses (inaudible).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1161.665,1166.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, off the cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1166.19,1168.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Some distance away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1169.529,1170.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Those roads were built in order to go to those places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1173.8,1178.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We did some experiments with cultivation also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1178.123,1182.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the chronicles are quite precise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1182.01,1184.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the Sierra Nevada","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1184.88,1186.062"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they say what kind of things were being planted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1186.062,1190.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how they were planted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1190.051,1191.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We start to (inaudible), just following the same pattern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1191.89,1196.082"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it worked very well. Very prolific.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1196.082,1199.332"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What happened to the city?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1202.311,1204.512"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1204.512,1205.345"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean the one that (inaudible).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1205.345,1209.595"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Why people left?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1216.871,1219.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because of the conquest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1219.11,1220.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What the Spaniards did was exactly that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1222.453,1224.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was to invade the territory and cut the access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1224.51,1228.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the highland people to the sea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1229.249,1234.249"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that broke the system, the economical system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1234.249,1238.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because proteins, those things operate in terms of protein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1238.75,1239.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So no more fish proteins, no more salt, no more Taironas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1243.049,1247.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well thanks a lot for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1255.368,1257.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=1257.71,1260.71"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27992/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/992/original/AV203927_Human_Aspects_of_Global_Environmental_Change_b.vtt?1622564928","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/992/original/AV203927_Human_Aspects_of_Global_Environmental_Change_b.vtt?1622564928"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27993","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203927_Human_Aspects_of_Global_Environmental_Change_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093/transcript/27993/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- The explorations, we found one city, huge city actually, it's bigger than Machu Picchu, that we call The Lost City because it was quite lost. It was four days walk from Santa Marta in this forest. Which is a beautiful forest. And we started to dig up that city, trying to understand how was the pattern of interaction with nature? The city's quite lost because its located there behind the mountains. You have to walk at least for four days, five days just to arrive there. And at the city, now we reconstruct the city the idea was not to make a Disneyland there. Just rebuilding the city took five years of work, But we didn't throw away the trees. So actually the city is semi lost, because what you see from here are just these terrace which is very big, where we can begin now to allow the helicopter to land there. The only way to supply food and resources for people that are building is through helicopter. Only efficient way. This is a person just to have a measure of the scale of the thing there. Now we are going to, just out of curiosity to land there, see the city very fast. What we are going to do is land here and we are going to go, this is the south-north axis of the city and we're going to go there. Just to show you the techniques that the Tairona were using to preserve the environment. And they didn't have any other choice than to do than to do that because otherwise it would be very difficult to survive there. So this is a map of the city just for information. This is where we landed. And this is the distribution of all the terraces and constructions of the city. This covers an area of about 150 hectares. Whatever that is in acres, like 300 acres I think, something like that, acres. So now we landed and we are going to notice certain things. There is a lot of labor involvement in building these huge walls, But the walls were made in a way that the water, it rains a lot, to allow the water to circulate and not to destroy the walls. And they put these stones like that over the walls to prevent the water, flooding, of coming on the wall. So the water dropped, making drops see? These stairs were used also as channels for the water. So we are going to see how they build this thing. It's a beautiful place. This was a key element, on the second apartment. What they did actually was, they used the Sierra in different levels. And they intercommunicate the cities by these roads. So that cities from the coastline were specialized in the production of salt and proteins from fish and cities, little higher, were the cities that were producing cotton. And a little higher, cities that produce corn and manioc and upper, some beans and maybe potatoes. And there was an exchange, distribution network by these roads going over the Sierra. So they were able to use the Sierra in a way that permitted them to specialize by limits of altitude, on different products, very wise. And contrary to the Amazon to nucleate the population in these cities, so that the rest of the forest could be maintained and used. So this is wise ways of constructing the city. These stairs on the walls, that kind of thing. And some of the terraces, all of these was covered by on average one meter of soil. It was a lot of work to disinter this thing. But there were big houses. This house has 900 square feet. The house got built over those circles, and in wood. Just to show. And so the Sierra is very steep. So what they were doing was terracing, that steepness to protect it from erosion. It was a lot of work, but very efficient. Using rocks from the region. And this is to show that when it rains, the water has to be managed, it will erode a lot. It is very steep. So they make channels to conduct the water. That's one example of the channel. And that's another example of how the houses were here, and how the channels were made. That's upside down, but anyway. That's more or less a version of how they within the city look in one of the sectors. How the houses were built. So in archeological excavations, well this is how it was interred. I mean that's before the reconstruction. See? That big road that I showed you before. All right. The Sierra again, see, the environment even if it is so steep, it's quite well-preserved. This is an area where another city, not still officially discovered, it's a beautiful city. This one. And that's another one. That one. And that's how some of the cities look when the forest is taken from. A lot of that knowledge we've lost as a result of the conquest. Always the conquest has to justify itself saying that the people that are conquered are ignorant and barbarous. So this shows exactly that see? These were the different civilizations of the country, high civilizations of the country, The moment of the arrival of the conquistadors here. Tairona, Muisca et cetera, et cetera, all of those important cultures, the only one that had finished was . The other ones were alive. This is the situation at the beginning of the 17th century. Evaporated. And with that evaporation, the evaporation of the knowledge and the cultural trends and a whole asset for humanity. This is the actual Indians. They are the descendants of the old Taironas, of the old people who was living there. They don't have any more the resources, the human resources, nor the territory into the sea to be able to reconstruct the culture. So actually what they are doing is overusing the environment. They don't have the possibility of using this multi-altitudinal system that was used by the Taironas. And now they are overusing the small territory that they have and also causing erosion. These are the Kogis, people that still live very much as in the moment of the conquest, but because they... The territory has changed and the conditions of access to the sea for proteins and those things and the possibility of using their knowledge about adaptation to the Sierra has been changed. Now, they are in the same trend of creating erosion. This is the actual settler pattern, very inefficient. This guy lives three day walk from Santa Marta. He's using this tin tile for his roof which he has to bring from Santa Marta at an incredible cost. It behaves not very well because it's very hot during the day, it's very cold during the night. There is very little light coming into the house. So it's cold, very humid inside there. And very hot during the day. He's starting this magnificent civilized idea of slashing and using plots around his house. So this photograph was taken like 10 years ago and I will not be surprised that today this guy has destroyed not only these but he must be already destroying all these area here. And the recuperation of these, the reclaiming of those lands is really very difficult. Now this is because, some of you people are architects and I told you that I was going to show this sort of invention that was a success story of how to use the architecture of the Tairona, the archeological architecture, for today purposes. We had this problem in the national park there of a lot of pressure from industrial people to build a hotel. So we say, all right, we will build a small hotel but we will use only Tairona technologies for building the hotel and exactly the same Tairona pattern of distances between houses and everything. This is the general plan of the thing. And then these houses were exactly as the Tairona's houses with this wall here and the marine stoning, building houses over posts and everything was tied with vines, exactly as the Tairona did. It was a very interesting experiment. And we learned a lot of the Tairona. I would say is a very interesting experience on technology diffusion from the past to the present. This is how it looks, just like the Tairona houses. The interesting thing of this type of hotel is that it doesn't need air conditioning, because this is very fresh . And this system of windows that goes all around can be opened in the morning when the winds from the Sierra come down and it's a cold wind, comes from the high mountains. And in the afternoon, it's possible to close the back windows and open the front windows, these ones, and then the wind from the sea will come in. So ventilation is excellent. The Taironas were right. No need for air condition, maintenance of the whole thing is quite cheap. And the cost of building that kind of hotel is like 50 times less than building any other kind of construction. Hilton type. See? This is how it looks. One of the terraces from inside. And that's one of the rooms. I've sat there. The is a little bit dark, but here we can see how it's and how the windows and those things. This is just to show how simple is the construction. Just very simple thing, no huge quantities of cement, building is possible little things and also is very pretty and very comfortable. Alright. So that's the message. And as a synthesis of the message is that in this problems of global environmental change, civilized people have to hear so-called uncivilized or third world people on every level. Not only in the academic and scientific milieu but also we have to hear the Taironas. They have a lot to tell. I'm using too much time. So thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- We'll take a few questions, and also before you leave I wanted to tell you that we have things for sale there if you're interested.\r\n\r\n- Were you able to determine where the cultivated fields of the Taironas were?\r\n\r\n- Yes, actually yes. The same thing as in the Andes. These terraces. They were terracing. And that's very effective also, how those terraces work because those terraces operate on the principle of drop irrigation, which is very effective. And it's one of the things that has been recently discovered drop irrigation for trees. That's the big thing today is drop irrigation. Tairona, the Incas, everyone was doing drop irrigation.\r\n\r\n- Were their fields close tho their houses?\r\n\r\n- Pardon?\r\n\r\n- Were the fields close to their houses .\r\n\r\n- No, off the cities.\r\n\r\n- Some distance away.\r\n\r\n- Those roads were built in order to go to those places. We did some experiments with cultivation also because the chronicles are quite precise for the Sierra Nevada so they say what kind of things were being planted and how they were planted. We start to , just following the same pattern and it worked very well. Very prolific.\r\n\r\n- What happened to the city?\r\n\r\n- It's there.\r\n\r\n- I mean the one that .\r\n\r\n- Why people left? Because of the conquest. What the Spaniards did was exactly that, was to invade the territory and cut the access of the highland people to the sea and that broke the system, the economical system because proteins, those things operate in terms of protein. So no more fish proteins, no more salt, no more Taironas.\r\n\r\n- Well thanks a lot for coming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43259/file/116093#t=0.0,1265.736"}]}]}]}