{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sf2m61cd6f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Deats, Richard L., Nonviolence and the Philippine Revolution"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203656 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Nonviolence and the Philippine Revolution is a March 2, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Richard Deats. Richard Deats discusses the 1986 presidential election in the Philippines.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=20.677,23.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm pleased to introduce Richard Deeds tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=23.55,26.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard is director of interface activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=26.48,28.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for The Fellowship of Reconciliation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=28.98,31.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was, he taught social ethics at the union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=31.31,34.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"theological seminary in the Philippines from 1959-1972.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=34.52,39.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During 1985, he spent three weeks doing training in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=40.1,43.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nonviolence to church and social workers in the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=43.21,47.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He also wrote the book, Nationalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=47.11,50.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Excuse me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=50.04,50.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It doesn't 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Aquino.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2680.86,2684.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Later that day then, there were two bombers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2686.265,2689.919"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were called out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2689.919,2691.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Marcos was becoming desperate at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2691.84,2694.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And later, one of the pilots, the lead pilot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2695.03,2696.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had, of course, they have a very small air force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2696.93,2700.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but these two planes were 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Crame","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2706.01,2708.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this side of the highway, innocently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2708.91,2711.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The name of the high was highway is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2711.25,2713.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Avenida Epifanio de los Santos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2713.4,2716.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the avenue of the epiphany of the saints.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2716.42,2719.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, he looked down at this Avenue of epiphany","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2719.23,2721.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the saints, and here was a long line of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2721.3,2724.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as the eye could see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2724.18,2725.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then on the other side of the camp","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2725.72,2727.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was another line of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2727.41,2728.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, when he looked at that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2728.467,2730.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was in the farm of a giant cross.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2730.94,2734.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, the hair on his head stood up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2734.0,2736.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he said, I could not shoot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2736.79,2738.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could not drop the bombs because I took this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2738.27,2740.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a sign that God was present in these people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=2740.59,2743.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31418/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these two pilots flew to Clark air 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270/transcript/31419/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- It doesn't. Oh, that's for you. How fabulous. I guess we're going to get started tonight. I'm pleased to introduce Richard Deeds tonight. Richard is director of interface activities for The Fellowship of Reconciliation. He was, he taught social ethics at the union theological seminary in the Philippines from 1959-1972. During 1985, he spent three weeks doing training in nonviolence to church and social workers in the Philippines. He also wrote the book, Nationalism,\r\n\r\n- Excuse me\r\n\r\n- It doesn't work.\r\n\r\n- He wrote the book Nationalism and Christianity in the Philippines which was a study on the Philippine Independent Church. Richard is a Methodist minister who has one musician wife four children, two grandchildren with one underway. On behalf of the Catholic Student Center, the campus ministers association and the committee on lectures, I would like to welcome Richard on his first visit to Ames. Tonight, he will speak to us about nonviolence and the Philippine revolution. Richard.\r\n\r\n- Thank you. I have enjoyed these past three days in Ames and Des Moines. And I particularly appreciate the opportunity of being with you and sharing with you something of my experience and concern and understanding of the events of the Philippines. Last year and that which led up to those events. You know occasionally in history events burst upon the scene that are really not anticipated. Historical events sometimes occur that defy all expectations of what might have happened. And this is certainly true of the people power revolution that happened just one year ago. Last week. What I'd like to do tonight is to give you something at the background. I know some of you here are very familiar with the Philippines. All of you have had some knowledge because of the widespread reporting that was done during the overthrow of Marcos last February. But I would like to come at it from a particular perspective and angle growing out of my own work in the Philippines and the project of non-violence training that my organization The Fellowship of Reconciliation was involved in during 1984, 1985 and indeed is still carrying out in in the Philippines today. Let me give something of the historical setting. In September of 1983, the most popular opposition figure to dictator Ferdinand Marcos decided to return to the Philippines. Senator Benigno Aquino, a very popular politician in Philippine life, under the martial law regime of President Marcos had been accused of being a communist and had been put in prison and suffered a great deal as did his wife Corazon Aquino from the onset of martial law in 1972. Partly as a result of very severe incarceration, Benigno Aquino, who was nicknamed Ninoy developed some severe health problems and eventually was allowed by the Philippine government to go to the United States for medical treatment. Senator and Mrs. Aquino came to the United States. They lived in the Boston area, where Ninoy Aquino received medical treatment. In addition, while he was here, he made contact with a great number of leaders from third world countries. Particularly countries that were suffering under oppressive governments under martial law regimes and dictatorial regimes. While Aquino had been in prison, he had undergone a very deep religious conversion. A nominal Catholic growing up, it was only in prison that his faith took on a deep meaning and power in his own life. And he experienced a kind of conversion to his own inherited Catholicism. But not only did he discover for the first time the real meaning of his Catholic faith, but he also discovered Gandhi and Gandhi's teachings about non-violence in the freedom struggle of the Indian people. And as Aquino pondered the struggle of his own people for independence. And then as he got out of prison and was receiving medical treatment and was beginning to meet people from third world countries, increasingly Senator Aquino began to talk in terms of the nonviolent liberation of the Philippines, believing that a violent revolution would bring such destruction in its wake and would be contrary to the faith that he had discovered that he sought to do whatever he could to become a part of a nonviolent return to democracy in the Philippines. Finally then, in the fall of 1983, Senator Aquino decided that he had to return to the Philippines. As he said, armed only with faith and determination. Most of his friends and advisors warned him not to return. They said he would be assassinated. They said there was no way that Marcos would allow him to do what he was planning to do which was to organize opposition to the martial law regime and to become a viable alternative to Marcos. But there was an inner conviction in the life of Ninoy that he had to return. It's simply something that he felt called to do. And therefore, on September 21st, he returned to the Philippines to begin his mission of the liberation of the Filipino people. Well, you know, the story as he was the deplaning in Manila international airport he was shot and killed before he even got off the ramp. The Philippines was was plunged into a deep mourning, unprecedented mourning. Over two and a half million people turned out on the streets for his funeral. And for the first time Corazon Aquino became widely known as a public figure. Before that she had pretty much stood in the shadow of her Senator husband. She was not a public figure. She was not a public speaker or a politician. Although during his years in prison she had gained a great deal of political savvy. In fact, she ran one campaign for him while he was in prison. He ran for a campaign in one of the elections that was held. And so she did gain a lot of experience out of the sharing of those years and the suffering they went through together. In the upheaval that followed the assassination of Senator Aquino, there were many who've thought that the Philippines might be plunged into chaos and civil war because there was widespread outrage. What had been done even though the Marcos government denied that they had had anything to do with it. And they branded the communists as having done it Marcos always blamed the communist for whatever happened. That wasn't good. Nonetheless, there was widespread suspicion that either Marcos or Mrs Marcos or the Philippine military or all acting together had had Ninoy assassinated. Corazon Aquino was very clear and insistent during those days of mourning that the response should be nonviolent. That Nina had returned in the spirit of non-violence that he was armed only with faith and determination. And she said that if they wanted to honor the spirit of Ninoy, that the struggle against Marcos would continue to be one of nonviolence. Well, that was in late 1983. The Philippines in the latter years of martial law had become more and more of what was called the basket case of Southeast Asia deepening economic problems. In the last two and a half years of martial law there was even a decrease each year in the gross national product. Growing unemployment and poverty, and for the first time widespread starvation, especially on the Island of Negroes, a phenomenal international debt and growing cynicism and bitterness toward the martial law government and a feeling that that government was utterly bankrupt and unable to to serve the people. Governed as it was by a couple who had a very dangerous and disastrous combination, Marcos with his lust for power and Imelda Marcos with her lust for money. And the two of them together plundered the nation became among the richest families in the world became a part of the international jet set, especially Imelda Marcos with her however many thousand pairs of shoes she had and all of the obscene well that that she cornered and displayed, coming on trips to New York and spending $1 million a day shopping. And the resentment of the people drew increasingly. Well by late 1985, Marcos since to being a very good politician that he was his standing among the people and internationally was sinking disastrously. And he had to do something to validate and strengthen his claim as being the popular president of the Philippines that had always claimed to be. And so in November of 1985, Marcos called a snap election. He said that in early February that there would be an election for president. And, and to prove how democratic he was that he was calling for this election. And he was allowing the opposition to name any candidates and to run an election. Now, of course, the problem of any opposition mounting a campaign in less than three months was almost nil. The Philippines is an Island nation of over 7,000 islands. Thousands of rural barrios that can not be easily reached. Many of them do not have electricity. They are connected by transistor radios but many of them do not have electricity for television and a quick communication with the rest of the country. There was no organized opposition to Marcos. There were nine small competing opposition parties. And it appeared that the election would be nothing but a sham. Well, people began to talk about the possibility of the widow of of Ninoy Aquino running for president against president Marcos. When Marcos heard this, he laughed at this housewife. And Imelda laughed, she didn't even have her nails polished, that this person would even consider running for president against this great experienced Ferdinand Marcos. And at first she was dead set against running. It seemed like a totally quixotic adventure that had no chance of succeeding, but Corazon Aquino, who is a very devout person, decided to go on retreat. And she went on a two day treat and retreat and a convent of prayerful discernment. And she said that during the retreat, she began by praying that she would be able to forgive Marcos and general there because of the things that they had done to her her family and the assassination of her husband. And she experienced a release of the feelings that she had toward them and genuinely forgave them. And having been convinced by over a million Filipinos who had signed petition saying they wanted her to run. She came out of that retreat saying because I had been a victim because I am a victim of the Marcos regime, I believe the people will accept me as representing them in their own victimization. After some initial squabbling among the nine parties, eventually they united behind the candidacy of Corazon Aquino. This was in December. While the election was to take place in early February. So there was only part of December, all of January and a few days in February to mount a national campaign. Ferdinand Marcos had a 300,000 man army. He had enormous financial resources at his command. He controlled over 95% of the media, the radio the TV stations, the newspapers. And so from his vantage point from a purely rational calculation, even if, of course Corazon Aquino sentimental favorite among some people there was no way that he could be defeated. And so there began a tumultuous campaign and amazingly the rallies of Corazon Aquino became larger and larger and larger. And the rallies Ferdinand Marcos became smaller and smaller and smaller. In fact, one of the the Filipinos have a wonderful sense of humor and they had many jokes going on during the campaign. And one of the stories going around was that the different ways that people would applaud at an Aquino rally and a Marcos rally, they said at a Marcos rally, the people would applaud this way because there weren't many people. And so they had plenty of room to applaud but at the Aquino rallies, they applauded this way because there were so many people, which is true that they applauded over their hands. The press did not cover the rallies of Cory Aquino. And yet wherever she went by word of mouth, the people knew that Corey was coming and in little barrios and and towns around the country, mammoth crowds began to come out to see and to hear this woman. The color of the Aquino campaign was yellow because Ninoy had a favorite song Tie a yellow ribbon around the old oak tree. And when he was killed, the country became yellow with yellow t-shirts and hats and banners and flags and balloons as a symbol of their love for Ninoy Aquino. And so in the Aquino campaign for presidency yellow became the symbol of course on Aquino's campaign. Every place that Cory went during the campaign she wore a yellow dress. Her security was very nervous. She didn't have much security anyway but they were very nervous that she was going to be assassinated. And they begged her not to wear that yellow dress because they said in any crowd you stand out like a sore thumb with that bright yellow dress down on the speaker, stand any assassin can knock you off very easily. But she said, I lost my fear when Ninoy died and I am not intimidated, I am not afraid of dying. And that's the color of our campaign. And that's the color I'll wear. So she continued to wear her yellow dress and all over the country, the yellow t-shirts and balloons and confetti, and even yellow toilet paper was everywhere. As the people were trying to show their solidarity behind the campaign of Corazon Aquino the newspapers and TV station did not cover the campaign. We read more about it in the New York Times. Then you could read about it in the Manila Chronicle, because it was not front page news, only the speeches of Ferdinand Marcos. At one point, Ferdinand, mocked and laughed at this housewife who was challenging him because she had no experience. And in her next speech Corazon Aquino said President Marcos says that I cannot match his experience. She said, it's true. I do not have experience in lying and cheating and assassinating my opponents. I do not have experience in plundering my nation and building power unto myself at the expense of my people. No, I do not have experience led like that. I am a victim like you are a victim. And the people went crazy because here was a person a very deep integrity who did not have much political experience. And yet who had an authenticity, what was exactly what they were longing for at a moment of sham and falsehood and corruption in their national life. As the election approached, it appeared more and more as if she indeed might, she might just possibly get the majority of the votes. And yet even her strongest supporters knew that even if she did get the majority of the votes that in all likelihood, she could not become the president. Why? Because Marcos is a very clever politician. And he had gone at great lengths to ensure that no matter what happened at the polls he would win. During the campaign, over a hundred people were killed as a way of intimidating those who are campaigning for Corey. There were people who were disguised as workers who would check the electric meters and the gas meters. And they would go from house to house supposedly to check the meters and what they were doing, they were working for Marcos and houses that had yellow stickers or pro Aquino stickers were marked down in the record books. So that on the day of the election, literally hundreds of thousands, even millions of voters found that their names were not on the records when they came to vote. And many, many Aquino supporters could not vote on the day of election because their names had been removed from the roles. And yet, even with that, that had taken place even with the intimidation of the voters people came out in unprecedented numbers. One simple farmer from a Barrio that was a Marcos Barrio who voted for Aquino was asked why did you vote for Marcos at the risk of your life? And he said, if, if Corey would risk her life for the Filipino people, then I had to risk my life for her. And she gave courage to people who had been before that time and again, been intimidated by Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos and their government. There was an independent poll commission called non-frail, which for many, many years it's been a tradition in the Philippines that this independent poll commission sought to monitor elections, to prevent cheating to make sure that the elections were properly monitored, the votes counted and so forth. During the December, January period, they trained over 500,000 poll Watchers to go to polls at every single polling place in the country to monitor the polls. And I'm sure that many of you watch television during those days when the election was taking place and people were facing armed goons at the election places. I remember one night on television it was showing a school in the McCarthy section of Manila. And there was this housewife who had been assigned guarding the ballot box. And the camera man happened to be able to get into the school, and you could see these armed men who were to grab the ballot box. And she was literally sitting on the ballot box holding on for dear life, to prevent them from stealing the ballot box and taking it out because they knew it was an Aquino Barrio. And she was interviewed by the CBS person afterwards. And she said, I never realized I would risk my life. When I simply said I would guard the ballot boxes. I talked to a television crew from the United States who happened to be there for the election. And they have done a great deal of filming in. They were there during the Vietnam war in Vietnam. They've covered fighting in central America. And they are a very hard bitten crew. And I was talking to the producer of this crew recently in Boston. And he said, we were at one precinct polling place. And he said, when I saw nuns and other Filipinos go out on the street and firm align and protect the ballot boxes that they brought out of the school and put into the car and taken to the place where the votes were to be counted. He said, I recognize there that something different was happening in this election. That we didn't see in El Salvador, that we did not see in Vietnam. And he said there had been training that had been going on that that had not gone on in other places. Because what had happened was that non-frail the independent polling commission had trained carefully trained about a half a million people to go to the polling places. And they had role played and thought through ways by which they would not be intimidated by these armed goons of the Marcos administration. And prior to this, The International Fellowship of Reconciliation, for which I work, had been brought to the Philippines to hold nine weeks of seminars inactive non-violence with bishops and priests and nuns and ministers and church workers and activists social workers, and so forth, beginning to to link up the movement against Marcos in the Philippines with the movement of nonviolence that has taken place in the civil rights days in our own country, the struggle for land in Brazil, that's going on today, the freedom struggle in India. And there were a growing number of people who recognize the power that the people themselves had. People power. The inside of Gandhi that governments derive their power from the governed, even tyrannies depend upon the asset at least passive ascent of the governed. And in the election period, there was the opportunity for the people who organize and to make sure that their democratic right of holding an election would actually take place. Well non-frail and the national polling commission began to tabulate the results of the election. And as each day went by, it looked more and more like Marcos was going to be proclaimed winner by the national polling commission. Even though non-frail the independent polling commission was showing that the lead of Cory Aquino was getting larger and larger and larger, but that was only unofficial. It was only the official polling commission that could be ratified by the Pambansa, the national assembly. and people were beginning to despair. What's going to happen. Even if we've won the election. If Marcos says we've lost it, what are we going to do? And then something very amazing happened. 30 of the computer operators who were involved in counting the polls for the national government walked out and held a press conference and announced to the world that the elections were being rigged. They said, the figures that we see at our computers are not what is being put up on the results that are being put up on the big board, that somehow between what what we tabulate and what goes on up there is being changed. And they were walking out because of their own professional integrity. They would not be a part of this process. They were immediately taken into hiding into a large church in McLaren, and then they were taken out of the city into hiding for fear of their lives. But that confirmed what the people had been suspecting. At that point, Corazon Aquino convened an all day meeting of 250 of her closest workers or activists. And they had a one day planning session. What are we going to do? We cannot prevent Marco's from proclaiming himself president, perhaps. But we can refuse to accept the verdict of the government because we know this election has been stolen. We know that that, that the people have spoken. And so out of this day long session, the people there planned a six month strategy of nonviolent resistance to Marcos. It was a carefully planned campaign. They were going to boycott the banks controlled by Marcos take their money out of the banks. They were going to boycott the businesses that were controlled by Marcos and his cronies. They were going to selectively boycott work and classroom. Every night at eight o'clock, one of the few stations that was not controlled by Marcos. Corey was to go on the air and give a state of the union address for that day. And then that was to be followed by a noise barrage, something that they learned from the struggle in Chile, that for people to express their support of Corey they were to beat pans and to shoot, and to knock off knock hit horns, and to shoot off guns, whatever to make noise, to show nationwide support of Corazon Aquino in her presidency. There were to be marches and demonstrations. The people were urged to be civilly disobedient to the law in whatever creative way you can think of. There were certain guidelines that were given. And then finally at the end, it said and do whatever you can do on your own. It was a kind of all purpose campaign of resistance to Ferdinand Marcos. That same week, the Catholic bishops came together in extraordinary session. And they adopted a pastoral letter that had been written by Bishop Francisco Corvair, who is one of the bishops who helped to lead the program of non-violence training in the churches. And in this pastoral letter that was to be read in all the churches, the next Sunday the Catholic bishops called upon the people to withdraw their allegiance from the government because it was no longer a legitimate government. And they said, we call upon you to non-violently resist in the manner of Christ your government. And that historically is an unprecedented calling by a national council of bishops to be moving out at the forefront of a revolution rather than to be the taillight a year or five years or 10 years later they were on the, on the growing edge of the growing revolutionary mood in the country. At the meeting that Corazon Aquino had with the 250 of her leaders, they tried to map out scenarios, what's going to happen? What is, what is Marcos going to do? And there were five or six things that they thought might happen. The one thing that they never thought would happen it was not part of their scenario happened. On February 21st, the morning of February 22nd, the minister of defense and the general of the armed forces defected. They were so disgusted by what had happened. The nation was increasingly being revolts by by what Marcos was doing. And also, and I asked Cardinal Sin about this when I was there last April. Cardinal sin told me that they had discovered that week that Marcos had a plan to re-institute martial law within the week, and he was going to arrest 4,000 people beginning with Corey Aquino, Cardinal Sin, Minister Enrile and really, General Ramos the leaders of the Aquino campaign, the leaders of the nonviolent campaign and re-institute martial law. And when the news of that came out, because Marcos had come to the place where he felt like he couldn't trust anyone and even his own minister of defense and general of the armed forces, he felt were part of the growing mood against him in the country. Be that as it may in relay the secretary of defense and Ramos, the head of the armed forces with 300 men out of an army of 300,000 they went out into the outskirts of town to two camps across the highway from each other; Camp Aguinaldo and Camp Crame. And they announced at a press conference that they were pledging their allegiance to the duly elected president of the Philippines Corazon Aquino. At that point, the country appeared to be on the brink of civil war. A woman who was a very close friend of Mrs. Ramos, General Ramos' wife, went up aftermath to Bishop Bacani, a Catholic Bishop in Manila and said Bishop, you've got to get Cardinal Sin to do something because my husband is going to be killed tonight. They're going to be, there's going to be an attack from the Marcos' forces. And so Bishop Bacani called Cardinal Sin and relayed this message to him, and nothing happened. An hour later he called him again. He said, this friend of Mrs. Ramos is bugging me. She says, you've got to do something because Marcos is planning an attack. So Cardinal Sin decided to go on the air on Radio Veritas. The first thing he did though he called for contemplative communities of nuns. He called them together and he said the nation is in battle. And you are the powerhouse of God. I want you to pray and fast until the battle is over. And these contemplative orders of nuns went into their chapels and began fasting and praying. And then Cardinal Sin went to the radio station and he called upon the Filipino people to come out and to surround the bases where the 300 men Marcos and Enrile had pledged their allegiance to to president Corazon Aquino. And he said, do not bring weapons, come only armed with your faith and with your bodies. Butz Aquinos, the brother-in-law of Cory Aquino was listening to the radio. He was at a party that night that his group, The Atom Movement, The August 21 Movement, it's August 21, not September 21. The Adam Movement was having a party. And he said, when he heard that Enrile and Ramos had defected, he immediately thought of the non-violent seminar that he had been in because in the seminar, he said Hildegardgosmar had drawn a diagram showing how the dictatorship is supported by pillars of injustice. One pillar is the military one pillar or the feudal Lords. Another pillar are the multinationals. Another pillar is the fear of the people themselves. And he said always in their discussion of this the strongest of all the pillars was the military. This was the one thing that Marcos could always count on. And when he heard over the radio that Enrile and Ramos had defected, he said, this is it. The military is split now and this is our chance. And they had a big argument because some said we're not going to do anything to help Enrile and Ramos because they are part of the problem. They are part of the martial law government but Butz Aquinos said, no this is our opportunity to bring down Marcos. So he went to camp first, he went to the radio station and called upon all the activists to meet him at 11 o'clock at a certain place near Camp Crame. And he said, we will March together to Camp Crame to show our solidarity. He said, he got there at 11 O'clock expecting that there would be thousands of people. This was Saturday night. And there were only six people. And when I was talking to him about this, he laughed. And he said, even Jesus had 12. He said, what are we going to do with six people? That was 11 o'clock. He said, let's wait until midnight. And when midnight came, there were 2000 people and they started marching. And by the time they got the eight kilometers to the camp there were 20,000 that had joined the March. The word was beginning to spread Another nun that I talked to said that she was in her convent. They were sitting around listening to the radio because the nation was, the nation was glued to its radio., those days, trying to find out what was happening. They were listening to the radio and they heard Cardinal Sin. And this nun said, she stood up and looked at the other nuns. And she said, we've got to go to Camp Crame. And she said, no one stood up. And finally, one nun stood up and she said, I'll go with you. And so these two nuns fixed a huge basket of sandwiches because Cardinal sin said the soldiers are hungry. Bring them some food. They haven't eaten all day. So they fixed this big basket of sandwiches. They got in the taxi and asked the taxi to take them to Camp Crame. The taxi got about three blocks away and stopped. And he said, sisters, I can't go any further, it's too dangerous. So they got out and they walked to Camp Crame. There was no security. They walked right into the camp, into the main building. And they said they came face to face with general with the minister Enrile. And they said to sweat was pouring down his face. And he looked at him and he said, sisters you've got to get out of here because we're going to be attacked at any moment. And we're going to be killed and you shouldn't stay. And they said, but we brought you sandwiches. And so they gave him this basket of sandwiches to give to the troops. And she said, then they went outside and they sat down on the ground. And they lit the candle that they had bought that they had brought with them. And they started praying the rosary. And she said all night long, the journalist and the soldiers began coming and just standing around them. And she said there was enormous fear that night because they believe that it daylight which when Marcos was going to attack that as soon as day broke, that then the planes or the tanks or the troops would come in. And so all night they prayed, praying that God would deliver them. Well, daylight came and the attack didn't come. And the tension eased a bit. And this nonsense, she decided to get a little sleep. So she went into the building and laid down on the floor and went to sleep. And she woke up a few hours later and she looked out and all of the Enrile Ramos people were gone. And she went out. And they had left the camp. and gone across the highway to the other side. And they didn't know she was there. And the Marcus soldiers had taken over the camp while she was asleep. And when she came out of the building, she said these soldiers looked at her, very startled not knowing what this nun was doing in this building. And she said, she just quietly walked to the gate and was praying, Oh God, don't let them shoot me. And she walked through the gate and went across the road to the other side. Well, that day, Sunday people began to come by the tens and the twenties and the thousands. And finally by afternoon, there were a quarter of a million people surrounding Camp Crame. At any moment, they didn't know what was going to happen. They were waiting for an attack. The soldiers came the radio that had been broadcasting and telling people to come had said, bring food with you because it's no telling how long you will be there and bring blankets for nighttime. Bring water, bring cloths, when there's a tear gas attack the left to put damp cloth over your face. And so people came or prepared for whatever was going to happen, and when the troops began to arrive, instead of the people running from them, they ran toward them and the food that they had brought to feed themselves they gave to the troops. It was a kind of sacrament of the streets. They offered the sandwiches, the candies to the soldiers. And they said, you know, we are not your enemies. We love you. We love our country. And we want you to love your country too. And the soldiers were unnerved by these expressions of goodwill and didn't know how to respond. One nun was recorded, as having said to the troops. We want you to pray with us. And even if you can't pray aloud, just pray in your hearts. And she started praying the large prayer and they didn't know whether or not the soldiers were joining in but the soldiers weren't shooting at them, and they knew that. The next day though was even more ominous because then the tanks began to come. And as the tanks began to come from different directions, one of the men that I talked to him who had been in one of the training workshops, he said when I saw the tanks coming, I remembered our talking in the workshops about Czechoslovakia in 1968 when the Czech students had gone out into the streets without arms and had stood against the Russian tanks and the tanks had stopped and the Czechs were not killed by the tanks. And the Filipinos decided that they would go meet the tanks, face-to-face at one place, when the tank was coming a little eight year old girl came out onto the highway. She had a little statue of Mary. And she put the statue down in the path of the tank. And then two boys came out with their bicycles. They put their bicycles down on either side of the statue of Mary. And then this old 81 year old woman came. And she walked up to the tank and she said you can kill me if you want, but don't shoot these children. They love their country. And they're trying to protect their country. And the commander of the Titan got out and embraced this 81 year old woman and said we're not going to shoot you. And the tanks turned around and they left. Later that day, they saw a squadron of helicopter gunships coming. And the fear was very great in the face of these gunships coming. And the helicopters circled once. And they could see the, they could see the bombs and they could see the guns mounted on the ships. The helicopter circled once and circled the second time. And at any minute, the people expected for the drop bombs to drop in the machine, guns, stope, and fire. And then when they circled the third time they looked up and there were yellow streamers coming out of the helicopters. And the helicopters landed inside Camp Crame and seven shiploads of soldiers defected to the side of President Aquino. Later that day then, there were two bombers that were called out. Marcos was becoming desperate at this point. And later, one of the pilots, the lead pilot they had, of course, they have a very small air force but these two planes were circling. And the lead pilot said that when he flew over Camp Crame he looked down and here was Camp Crame on this side of the highway, innocently. The name of the high was highway is of Avenida Epifanio de los Santos, the avenue of the epiphany of the saints. Well, he looked down at this Avenue of epiphany of the saints, and here was a long line of people as far as the eye could see. And then on the other side of the camp was another line of people. And he said, when he looked at that it was in the farm of a giant cross. And he said, the hair on his head stood up and he said, I could not shoot. I could not drop the bombs because I took this as a sign that God was present in these people. And these two pilots flew to Clark air base and asked for asylum. This went on for 77 hours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120270#t=0.0,2759.712"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203656_Nonviolance_and_the_Philippine_Revolution_b.mp3"]},"duration":1538.208,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/271/small/lecture.png?1627045949","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/120/271/original/AV203656_Nonviolance_and_the_Philippine_Revolution_b.mp3?1627045949","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1538.208,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203656_Nonviolance_and_the_Philippine_Revolution_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And to leave the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=5.117,7.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the people didn't want to let them leave,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=7.7,10.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they wanted them to receive a trial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=10.08,14.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and justice in the courts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=14.94,17.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Aquino said, no, we want to have a new start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=17.0,19.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's let them get out of the country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=19.013,21.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's get this infection out of here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=21.61,23.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and let's begin a new government of reconciliation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=23.89,27.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so with the departure of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=27.49,32.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their entourage of about 90 people, actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=34.9,38.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they flew to Guam and then to Hawaii,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=38.05,40.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they have since then for the past year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=40.46,43.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so at the end of February, 1987","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=43.87,48.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Cory Aquino became the president","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=49.58,52.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a really remarkable and unanticipated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=53.757,57.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-violent revolution against a dictator,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=57.6,60.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who just a few months before that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=60.93,63.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was being called the Hitler of Southeast Asia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=63.41,66.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose regime was called fascist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=66.191,68.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who many people thought could not be overcome,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=68.65,72.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except by a long, bloody, violent struggle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=72.42,75.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the past year since February of 1987","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=76.679,81.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been a very tumultuous year in the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=84.05,87.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there have been at least nine coup 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weapons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=453.82,457.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but even our ordinary so-called conventional weapons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=457.92,461.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With every localized 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danger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=468.11,472.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of dragging in the super powers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=472.69,475.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the world has become polarized between East and West","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=475.6,479.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this has entered even into North/South struggles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=479.07,482.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I believe that the People Power 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people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=496.93,500.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either passive or active","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=500.92,502.744"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that in the face of oppression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=502.744,505.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the face of evil rulers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=505.81,508.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the people can withdraw that power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=508.48,511.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they did under Marcos and mount a People Power Revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=511.22,515.562"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to transform a human society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=515.562,519.581"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=519.581,521.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=521.012,524.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Richard mentioned that he'd be open for any questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=531.136,535.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so any questions for him?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=535.63,537.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e As you said, President Aquino is committed to nonviolence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=540.86,545.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is there anything in that program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=546.24,549.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that does benefit the Muslims,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=549.53,551.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the army is still there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=551.57,553.614"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the people that I still being oppressed?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=553.614,555.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are still refugees inside Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=555.947,558.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and outside Philippines and they are in really bad state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=558.03,561.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the government is doing nothing about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=561.863,565.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Certainly one of the greatest problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=565.273,568.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I mentioned land reform is the number one problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=568.5,571.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the most difficult problems that Corazon Aquino","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=572.41,575.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has is in controlling the military,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=575.1,579.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of the military are still pro Marcos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=582.12,585.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are of that mentality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=585.79,588.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even though she has retired the Marcos generals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=588.23,593.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are still elements within the armed forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=594.44,597.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are not really loyal to the people power revolution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=597.7,601.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course and Aquino","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=601.02,601.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she does not have full control of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=601.96,604.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the outline areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=604.047,607.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are still areas where the government troops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=607.21,612.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are doing the same kind of 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ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=624.28,626.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she fired minister in relay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=626.38,628.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who with Ramos had defected from Marcos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=628.77,633.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but was recognized as being one of the great problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=633.2,636.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that she had because he has his own presidential ambitions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=636.18,639.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was a part of the Martial Law Government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=639.38,642.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But she still has a great problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=642.76,646.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in reigning in the military.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=646.26,648.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, in terms of the Muslim revolution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=648.35,650.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just say in background","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=652.24,655.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Muslims of the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=655.32,657.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a very rightful resentment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=657.14,660.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against the central 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Mindanao","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=665.733,669.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Sulu Archipelago, nearest Indonesia and Borneo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=669.9,673.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Central Government has never adequately understood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=674.72,678.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor appreciated the particular heritage and culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=678.81,683.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Muslim 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South","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=689.99,694.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Central Government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=694.57,696.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when Marcos ordered martial law in 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with...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=735.09,739.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is one major insurgency and then a rival insurgency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=741.086,745.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was able to reach an 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second.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=750.67,751.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Butz Aquino has been negotiating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=752.78,757.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on behalf of the government with the insurgency in the South","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=759.49,763.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have reached a truce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=763.34,766.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with one part of the insurgency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=766.12,768.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not with the the minor portion of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=768.06,770.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't think it's accurate to 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reconciliation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=779.15,781.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that what she is trying to do is to solve peacefully,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=781.83,785.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the communist insurgency and the Muslim insurgency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=785.49,789.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whether or not she'll be able to solve it, I don't know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=789.07,793.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she was able to make a great deal of 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Simlob","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=819.0,821.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people of that persuasion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=823.68,826.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who believe that the real problems in the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=826.57,831.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as everywhere are due to the communist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=831.48,834.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they are in 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Laxalt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=888.35,891.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and begged him for the support of Reagan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=893.09,896.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at that 3 days into the four day revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=896.66,900.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=900.74,901.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Senator Laxalt said a we can no longer support you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=903.655,907.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people have shown that they want Cory Aquino.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=907.92,910.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so at that point, our government did reluctantly move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=911.49,916.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to at least not stand in the way of President Aquino.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=918.08,923.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that Cory Aquino's visit to the United 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person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=941.35,944.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that she enjoys a great deal of support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=945.41,950.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our country and by people in our government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=950.71,953.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, given our record of support of right-wing dictators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=953.87,958.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in places like Chile and South Korea and the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=958.59,962.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before Aquino I think that they have to be very vigilant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=962.0,966.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very careful if Corey begins to move against the US basis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=966.96,971.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=972.82,973.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think her support here will erode very quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=973.653,975.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If she moves against the vested interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=977.53,979.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of US multinational corporations there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=979.85,982.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"her support really rode very quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=982.77,985.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that it's going to be very, very difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=985.44,988.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if she brings about the reforms that have to happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=988.14,990.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then she is going to run into resistance from the US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=991.99,996.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which enjoys enormous economic and military power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=996.7,1000.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1000.59,1001.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now her own popularity and authenticity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1001.86,1005.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has bought her, I think time and a great deal of sympathy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1005.27,1009.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the American people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1009.89,1011.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1011.06,1012.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think at this stage in the revolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1012.08,1014.698"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1014.698,1015.531"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, with regard to the land issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1015.531,1017.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears throat)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1017.22,1018.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I understand that 10, 15 years ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1018.44,1020.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a fair amount of occupation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1020.31,1021.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of large land buildings by a president,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1021.94,1024.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are a hundred people who were involved in that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1024.517,1026.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've seen that that might happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1026.793,1028.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with digitally new land reform to dissuade government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1028.262,1033.151"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it's a real possibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1033.151,1034.824"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the people's conscientization has gone very far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1034.824,1039.824"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is an enormous people's movement all over the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1042.18,1045.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just the Communist Movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1045.683,1047.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Throughout the country they have an educated citizenry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1049.14,1051.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have an experience of democracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1052.87,1056.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have an enormous desire for justice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1056.48,1060.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and unlike Haiti,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1061.32,1063.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has even greater problems than the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1063.05,1066.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they don't have the experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1066.18,1067.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of democratic collections and literacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1067.85,1070.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the kinds of experiences the Filipinos do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1070.75,1072.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the Philippines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1072.93,1073.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you do have a population that is very aware.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1073.763,1078.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that if there is not movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1079.776,1083.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the part of the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1083.049,1084.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think it has to come this year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1084.32,1086.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there is not movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1086.75,1087.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then I think that people will begin seizing control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1087.84,1090.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one way or the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1090.8,1092.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the things that I hope will happen now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1094.04,1097.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the radicalized portions of the churches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1097.1,1099.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will give support to the efforts of the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1099.81,1103.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in land reform and give moral impetus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1103.98,1107.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and legitimacy to land reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1108.039,1110.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because historically, the feudal government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1110.95,1115.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the feudally controlled government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1117.06,1118.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been supported by the church.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1118.53,1120.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the church has to break with this old alliance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1122.11,1126.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the upper-class, with the aristocracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1126.63,1129.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think elements in the church","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1129.29,1130.561"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are willing to do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1130.561,1131.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are willing as they are in Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1131.66,1133.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make a preferential option for the poor as they say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1133.845,1137.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to identify the church, not with the wealthy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1137.48,1140.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but with the poor and to be an advocate for justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1140.99,1144.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's beginning to happen in the churches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1144.55,1146.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1146.47,1147.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so it can happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1147.303,1149.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's still a minority view within the church,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1149.09,1151.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not the majority 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Sunday","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1169.75,1170.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was a great deal of support of the letter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1172.59,1176.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Over all general 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Marcos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1230.69,1232.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the jokes going around that the reason Marcos lost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1232.71,1237.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was because he was without Sin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1237.01,1238.884"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1238.884,1240.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was a Cardinal Sin's opposition to 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Malacañang","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1248.317,1250.274"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"blessing the ceremonies and everything else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1250.274,1252.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the martial law government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1252.69,1253.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But by the end of martial law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1253.85,1255.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was one of the leading critics of the government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1255.22,1259.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it was a church supported stand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1259.29,1262.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1263.816,1264.649"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was wondering if you had any 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areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1269.648,1270.989"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they have been in control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1270.989,1272.968"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean there is always this sense of 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(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1277.525,1279.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they are tired of deplorable conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1279.19,1281.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the country and is now a small (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1281.493,1284.175"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I have seen a thousand and a thousand--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1284.175,1286.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1286.7,1287.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, at the time of martial law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1287.55,1289.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a New People's Army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1289.77,1291.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was very small,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1291.21,1292.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"isolated pretty much into Northern Luzon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1292.76,1294.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the end of martial law, it was in every province.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1294.76,1298.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It began as a malice, revolutionary 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Army","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1308.98,1310.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the political arm of their work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1310.277,1313.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the National Democratic Front.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1313.31,1315.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are quite a few church people who are in the NDF,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1315.48,1318.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who believe that the frontier justice of the NPA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1319.782,1324.782"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while it's very rough and very terrible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1326.34,1328.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's better than no justice at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1330.16,1332.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these NPA soldiers have won the admiration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1332.11,1337.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of quite a few of the Filipinos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1338.61,1341.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this movement is still quite strong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1341.891,1346.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they did sign a truce, a ceasefire","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1347.12,1351.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Aquino Government that lasted for 60 days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1351.27,1353.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first truce in 17 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1353.79,1357.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The truce however was not renewed at the end of the 60 days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1359.25,1362.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there has been a resumption of fighting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1362.9,1365.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some of the places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1365.08,1366.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cory is now trying to get regional truces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1366.56,1369.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's broken down with the national leadership of the NPA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1370.938,1373.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she is trying to go region by region to get a truce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1373.67,1378.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's interesting because the landlords say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1378.44,1381.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that she's being controlled by the communist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1381.16,1383.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the communist say she's being controlled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1383.69,1385.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the landlords.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1385.35,1386.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So she started getting shot at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1386.72,1388.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from both the ends of the spectrum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1388.16,1390.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the movement will gravitate toward her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1392.29,1397.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it already has a lot of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1397.431,1399.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have already pledged allegiance to the Aquino Government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1399.57,1403.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If she's able to move decisively on these critical issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1403.03,1406.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if she doesn't, then I think the the NPA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1406.96,1411.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will begin to build again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1411.14,1413.082"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What are their demands?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1413.082,1415.165"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, they demand that people's government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1416.84,1419.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they want land for the landless,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1420.37,1422.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, what they want is pretty good stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1422.0,1424.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They want the Philippines to be governed by the Filipinos,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1426.12,1430.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they want a national people's democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1430.007,1433.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I personally think that the record","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1433.76,1436.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people's democracies in a lot of countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1436.12,1438.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not very good in solving one problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1438.12,1440.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they opened the doors to two other problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1440.97,1443.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I hope that the Filipinos will work out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1443.92,1446.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their own salvation with a Filipino solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1446.77,1450.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is neither communist or capitalist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1450.88,1453.619"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but is indigenous to the Filipinos","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1453.619,1455.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think Cory has the chance of doing that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1455.87,1458.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's fairly conservative by political instinct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1460.15,1463.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in terms of our humanity, she's very radical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1463.94,1467.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's a very loving, compassionate person,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1467.32,1470.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she refuses to look upon the communist as her enemies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1470.08,1473.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because Nino himself was branded as a communist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1475.04,1477.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She doesn't fall for that anticommunist line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1477.69,1480.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is often used by the right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1480.77,1482.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at the same time she's very deeply religious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1483.82,1486.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and believes that that the Filipino heritage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1486.64,1490.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to be respected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1490.68,1492.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in traditional communism, it's atheistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1492.03,1497.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I hope that there will be experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1500.93,1504.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a new form of government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1504.68,1506.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's indigenous to the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1506.35,1507.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that they do have to outgrow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1507.83,1512.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their dependence upon the US.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1512.73,1515.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think US economic and military control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1515.0,1517.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very good for the US","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1517.26,1518.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's not very good for the Philippines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1518.3,1519.681"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1519.681,1522.681"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, thank you very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1525.59,1526.426"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have enjoyed being here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1526.426,1527.968"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=1527.968,1530.968"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31420/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/420/original/AV203656_Nonviolance_and_the_Philippine_Revolution_b.vtt?1627045951","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/420/original/AV203656_Nonviolance_and_the_Philippine_Revolution_b.vtt?1627045951"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31421","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203656_Nonviolance_and_the_Philippine_Revolution_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271/transcript/31421/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And to leave the country. Some of the people didn't want to let them leave, they wanted them to receive a trial and justice in the courts. And Aquino said, no, we want to have a new start. Let's let them get out of the country, let's get this infection out of here and let's begin a new government of reconciliation. And so with the departure of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos, and their entourage of about 90 people, actually, they flew to Guam and then to Hawaii, where they have since then for the past year. And so at the end of February, 1987 President Cory Aquino became the president in a really remarkable and unanticipated non-violent revolution against a dictator, who just a few months before that, was being called the Hitler of Southeast Asia, whose regime was called fascist and who many people thought could not be overcome, except by a long, bloody, violent struggle. Now, the past year since February of 1987 has been a very tumultuous year in the Philippines there have been at least nine coup attempts. The Marcos left a nation that was prostrate and bankrupt with monumental problems of poverty, unemployment, hunger, international debt with a few powerful families controlling the lifeblood of the nation. Many interpreters say that there have really been three problems in the Philippines, dictatorship, feudalism, and imperialism. They got rid of the dictatorship, they're still struggling with the other two parts of the triangle, feudalism and imperialism. There is still enormous power in the hands of a few feudal lords. And the United States continues to hold enormous economic and military power in the country. And the upheavals in the country since that time have reflected the desperate conditions that they live under. Many, many governments, of course, during the period, after the revolution go through years of upheaval and difficulty, and the desperate situation in the Philippines does not make it surprising that there has been one problem after another that Corazon Aquino has had. She addressed, very quickly, a number of the problems, ordering the release the political prisoners, restoring the right of habeas corpus, retiring the generals and Supreme Court Justices who had long served beyond the time they should have. She closed down the nuclear power plant north of Manila, she acted to reign in the military. She sent Senator Salonga abroad to try to recover the wealth that the Marcos's had taken out of the country estimated to be perhaps nine billion dollars. The one area where she has not been able to adequately come to grips with desperate needs is in the area of land reform. And that continues to be the single most vulnerable place where she has had difficulties. She has restored many people's faith in their president and in their government, but there is still a great deal of unrest over the poverty and over the problem with landlessness. In late January, there was a march of farmers, of landless people on the national palace and a horrible thing happened as they came to the palace. The government troops opened fire and 15 demonstrators were shot in cold blood. President Aquino was furious because they had broken the the very strict orders that they operate under, hers is a government of reconciliation. She brought about, for the first time in 17 years, a ceasefire with the communist insurgency. She brought about, for the first time, a ceasefire with a 14-year-old Muslim insurgency and she has ordered her troops not to open fire as they did under the Marcos era. But that was a period where there were a number of coup attempts being carried out to try to destabilize the Aquino government. And she has set up a commission to find out why the troops violated her orders and opened fire on these demonstrators, some of whom were armed. They were provoking the soldiers but that's still no excuse. Four days later there was another demonstration, the same farmers were determined to come to Malacañang and to break through the palace gates to show their fury and anger at what had happened. Corazon Aquino ordered the military to stay out of the way and when the demonstrators came to the palace, instead of being met by the military or by the police, they were met by the cabinet of the Aquino's government who were there unarmed, who met them and embraced them and who agreed to send a delegation in to meet with President Aquino. So she is still trying to work through some of the desperate problems that the Filipinos are facing. But one of the things that has remained as a great accomplishment of the four day revolution and that is a sense of the restored pride, Filipinos in being Filipinos, of having overthrown the Marcos dictatorship. And I think as they look at the attempts and efforts that they have to mount to continue and to fulfill the promise of their revolution of last February, that what they lived out in those days, the People Power Revolution, where the people themselves mobilize and work to overcome the injustices of the past. That this is where the hope for the completion of the Aquino Revolution lies, that as they found their deliverance and people power, so they will continue to move in this direction. And I think, secondly, that the People Power Revolution has an enduring lesson not only for the Filipino people, but for all of us as well, because we live in a day where increasingly we have discovered the dangerous that the human race is in, because of the lethal power of our weaponry. Not only our weapons of mass destruction, like nuclear weapons and biological weapons, but even our ordinary so-called conventional weapons. With every localized conflict, whether in the Middle East, or South Africa, or central America every localized conflict is in danger of dragging in the super powers as the world has become polarized between East and West and this has entered even into North/South struggles. And I believe that the People Power Revolution has helped us to discover an insight that Gandhi made so clear that the people must exercise their rights. That governments derive their strength from the people, either passive or active and that in the face of oppression, in the face of evil rulers, that the people can withdraw that power as they did under Marcos and mount a People Power Revolution to transform a human society. Thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- Richard mentioned that he'd be open for any questions, so any questions for him?\r\n\r\n- As you said, President Aquino is committed to nonviolence, is there anything in that program that does benefit the Muslims, where the army is still there, and the people that I still being oppressed? There are still refugees inside Philippines and outside Philippines and they are in really bad state and the government is doing nothing about it.\r\n\r\n- Certainly one of the greatest problems so I mentioned land reform is the number one problem. One of the most difficult problems that Corazon Aquino has is in controlling the military, Many of the military are still pro Marcos are of that mentality. And even though she has retired the Marcos generals, there are still elements within the armed forces who are not really loyal to the people power revolution, of course and Aquino and she does not have full control of them especially in the outline areas. And there are still areas where the government troops are doing the same kind of things that they were doing under Marcos she is doing her best to bring this under control but she has not yet fully succeeded. Finally, a couple of months ago, she fired minister in relay who with Ramos had defected from Marcos but was recognized as being one of the great problems that she had because he has his own presidential ambitions and was a part of the Martial Law Government. But she still has a great problem in reigning in the military. Now, in terms of the Muslim revolution, let me just say in background that the Muslims of the Philippines have a very rightful resentment against the central government. The Muslim population is generally concentrated on the Western part of the Island of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, nearest Indonesia and Borneo and the Central Government has never adequately understood nor appreciated the particular heritage and culture of the Muslim people. And there has always been restiveness between the Filipino minority of Muslims in the South with the Central Government. And when Marcos ordered martial law in 1972 and told all people to turn in their weapons that was the beginning of an overt Muslim insurgency against the government, because they said, if we put down our weapons, then we will be defenseless against Marcos. We will be defenseless against the greedy landlords who are coming in to take over our land and that was the beginning of the insurgency. Corey Aquino has assigned as one of the top priorities of her government, the settling of the Muslim insurgency and a truce was reached with... There is one major insurgency and then a rival insurgency. She was able to reach an agreement that was signed with the major insurgency in Mindanao, but not with the second. And Butz Aquino has been negotiating on behalf of the government with the insurgency in the South and they have reached a truce with one part of the insurgency but not with the the minor portion of it. But I don't think it's accurate to say that she has not been concerned or are adequately trying to deal... She has announced that hers is a government of reconciliation and that what she is trying to do is to solve peacefully, the communist insurgency and the Muslim insurgency. And whether or not she'll be able to solve it, I don't know, but she was able to make a great deal of headway in the first year of her presidency.\r\n\r\n- When you say they've Paramilitary presence in the Philippines, I mean US Military is that any proper to the hindrance story?\r\n\r\n- I think it's a definite hindrance. One of the dangerous signs in the past year has been the presence of leaders of the world, anticommunist league, of General Simlob and people of that persuasion who believe that the real problems in the Philippines as well as everywhere are due to the communist. And they are in alliance with some elements in the armed forces. Now, the United States had an interesting role during the four day revolution. As you know, during the election period Reagan initially was pro Marcos. Then in January, he came to the place where he said, well there's violence on both sides but democracy is working well. Well, there wasn't violence on the Aquino side, there was violence by the Marco's forces against the Aquino people. But when the revolution started, Reagan refused to break with Marcos until the very last minute, it was on the day before Marcos fled that Marcos telephone to Senator Laxalt and begged him for the support of Reagan. And at that 3 days into the four day revolution at that point, Senator Laxalt said a we can no longer support you, the people have shown that they want Cory Aquino. And so at that point, our government did reluctantly move to at least not stand in the way of President Aquino. I think that Cory Aquino's visit to the United States was enormously important because many people in our government in our state department, even in our military were extremely impressed by this person. And I think that she enjoys a great deal of support in our country and by people in our government. However, given our record of support of right-wing dictators in places like Chile and South Korea and the Philippines before Aquino I think that they have to be very vigilant very careful if Corey begins to move against the US basis for example, I think her support here will erode very quickly. If she moves against the vested interest of US multinational corporations there her support really rode very quickly. And I think that it's going to be very, very difficult if she brings about the reforms that have to happen then she is going to run into resistance from the US which enjoys enormous economic and military power in the Philippines. Right now her own popularity and authenticity has bought her, I think time and a great deal of sympathy from the American people and that's very important I think at this stage in the revolution. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, with regard to the land issue I understand that 10, 15 years ago there was a fair amount of occupation of large land buildings by a president, there are a hundred people who were involved in that you've seen that that might happen with digitally new land reform to dissuade government.\r\n\r\n- I think it's a real possibility because the people's conscientization has gone very far. There is an enormous people's movement all over the country not just the Communist Movement. Throughout the country they have an educated citizenry, they have an experience of democracy and they have an enormous desire for justice and unlike Haiti, which has even greater problems than the Philippines where they don't have the experience of democratic collections and literacy and the kinds of experiences the Filipinos do. In the Philippines, you do have a population that is very aware. And I think that if there is not movement on the part of the government and I think it has to come this year if there is not movement, then I think that people will begin seizing control in one way or the other. And one of the things that I hope will happen now that the radicalized portions of the churches will give support to the efforts of the government in land reform and give moral impetus and legitimacy to land reform. Because historically, the feudal government the feudally controlled government has been supported by the church. And the church has to break with this old alliance with the upper-class, with the aristocracy. And I think elements in the church who are willing to do that, they are willing as they are in Latin America to make a preferential option for the poor as they say, to identify the church, not with the wealthy but with the poor and to be an advocate for justice. And that's beginning to happen in the churches in the Philippines and so it can happen but it's still a minority view within the church, it's not the majority view. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Could you comment on the response of the church to the action of ?\r\n\r\n- The Bishop's letter? The pastoral letter was generally read in the pulpits on that Sunday and there was a great deal of support of the letter.\r\n\r\n- Over all general reaction.\r\n\r\n- Well, it was a vast majority of the bishops who passed the letter and it had the support of Cardinal Sin and Cardinal Vidal. The Vatican was very nervous and the papal nuncio called Cardinal Sin and to talk with him and he said that the church was getting in very dangerous waters and it was becoming too politicized and Cardinal Sin was very firm on this. Now, Cardinal Sin has been a rather conservative Cardinal but what happened to a lot of the people in the final years of Marcos was that they became more and more radicalized, the more outrageous Marcos became, the more it radicalized the church, even at the very top echelons, so that Cardinal Sin was very instrumental In the break that happened with Marcos, one of the jokes going around that the reason Marcos lost was because he was without Sin, but it was a Cardinal Sin's opposition to Marcos. And in the early years of Marcos's martial law Cardinal Sin was seen in Malacañang blessing the ceremonies and everything else of the martial law government. But by the end of martial law, he was one of the leading critics of the government, so it was a church supported stand Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I was wondering if you had any experience with Guerrilla Movement in Philippines and have you been in to areas where they have been in control. I mean there is always this sense of pity that how young these people are, they're divided into because they are tired of deplorable conditions in the country and is now a small what I have seen a thousand and a thousand--\r\n\r\n- Right. Yes, at the time of martial law, there was a New People's Army but it was very small, isolated pretty much into Northern Luzon, by the end of martial law, it was in every province. It began as a malice, revolutionary struggle they call themselves the NPA, the New People's Army and the political arm of their work is the National Democratic Front. And there are quite a few church people who are in the NDF, who believe that the frontier justice of the NPA, while it's very rough and very terrible it's better than no justice at all. And these NPA soldiers have won the admiration of quite a few of the Filipinos and this movement is still quite strong. Now they did sign a truce, a ceasefire with the Aquino Government that lasted for 60 days the first truce in 17 years. The truce however was not renewed at the end of the 60 days and there has been a resumption of fighting in some of the places. Cory is now trying to get regional truces it's broken down with the national leadership of the NPA but she is trying to go region by region to get a truce. And it's interesting because the landlords say that she's being controlled by the communist and the communist say she's being controlled by the landlords. So she started getting shot at from both the ends of the spectrum. I think that the movement will gravitate toward her as it already has a lot of the people have already pledged allegiance to the Aquino Government. If she's able to move decisively on these critical issues if she doesn't, then I think the the NPA will begin to build again.\r\n\r\n- What are their demands?\r\n\r\n- Well, they demand that people's government, they want land for the landless, I mean, what they want is pretty good stuff. They want the Philippines to be governed by the Filipinos, they want a national people's democracy. Now, I personally think that the record of people's democracies in a lot of countries is not very good in solving one problem, they opened the doors to two other problems. And I hope that the Filipinos will work out their own salvation with a Filipino solution that is neither communist or capitalist, but is indigenous to the Filipinos and I think Cory has the chance of doing that. She's fairly conservative by political instinct but in terms of our humanity, she's very radical. She's a very loving, compassionate person, she refuses to look upon the communist as her enemies because Nino himself was branded as a communist. She doesn't fall for that anticommunist line that is often used by the right but at the same time she's very deeply religious and believes that that the Filipino heritage has to be respected and in traditional communism, it's atheistic. And so I hope that there will be experiments with a new form of government that's indigenous to the Philippines. I think that they do have to outgrow their dependence upon the US. I think US economic and military control is very good for the US but it's not very good for the Philippines. Well, thank you very much I have enjoyed being here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46869/file/120271#t=0.0,1538.208"}]}]}]}