{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/s46h12w205/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Rahman, Hasan Abdel, Palestine: The Key to Peace in the Middle East"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Palestine: The Key to Peace in the Middle East. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=247.09,248.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This second aspect is the essence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=248.69,252.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Middle East conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=252.9,254.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is the call.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=254.96,256.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore no solution can be 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about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=262.216,267.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is the Palestine question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=267.16,270.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namely, the restoration of the national rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=270.11,273.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Palestinian people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=273.85,275.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The repatriation to their homes and properties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=275.131,278.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the reconstruction of their collective identity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=278.99,283.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=284.13,285.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in order to become more familiar with what I'm saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=287.94,292.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I like to give just a 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conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=305.86,309.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have been here in the West misled to believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=314.17,318.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the question of Palestine is a question of refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=322.45,327.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore it has to be dealt with as such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=329.73,334.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact the government of 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conceived","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=340.39,343.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the problem in those terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=343.59,346.501"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Up to now, the government of Israel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=346.501,350.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believes and still insist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=351.43,353.952"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the problem of the Palestinians is a refugee 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such.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=360.44,364.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words to resettle them somewhere else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=365.345,369.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without taking into consideration their 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establishment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1063.45,1067.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a Jewish Homeland in Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1067.74,1069.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1917, the first world war was almost over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1072.59,1077.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the allies were victorious in the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1081.24,1086.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"England and France decided to have the Middle East 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independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1135.13,1136.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A trust that the British betrayed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1136.671,1140.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the intention was never to help the Palestinians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1140.71,1144.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the intention was to fulfill diplomas that they gave","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1144.24,1149.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Zionist, full Balfour Declaration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1149.53,1152.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first thing was that England appointed a Zionist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1153.7,1158.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the high commissioner in Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1158.96,1160.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Halbert Samwel in 1924,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1160.123,1164.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whose role was to facilitate the immigration of Jews","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1164.5,1169.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1170.53,1171.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was his main 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closed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1180.36,1181.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they resisted a British mandate over Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1181.6,1186.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They never chose even the mandate for themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1187.767,1191.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was done by imposition on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1192.24,1195.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They fought in 1921 and a massive uprising in Pakistan led","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1195.94,1200.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Congress of all of Palestine then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1202.33,1204.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a political organization that was formed to combat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1204.92,1209.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"British Colonialism and Zionist immigration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1210.362,1214.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1924, they led another movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1214.55,1217.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And 1929, there was a major revolt in Palestine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1217.88,1222.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against the British and Zionist protesting the settlements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1222.47,1227.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Jews in Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1228.8,1231.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the illegal immigration quote unquote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1231.72,1234.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"that was allowed by the British\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1234.847,1237.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1929, the British government acted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1239.92,1242.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by hanging 15 leaders of the Palestinian movement publicly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1242.32,1247.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the squares of Gaza, ARCA, Haifa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1247.8,1252.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to intimidate the native population in Palestine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=1252.24,1256.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At this point, I would like just to draw your 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allegiance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2515.75,2519.264"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first of all, is to humanity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2519.264,2523.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are all part of the human race.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2523.25,2525.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have our own distinct culture, but it is not superior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2525.79,2529.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or inferior to any, it is equal to any other culture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2529.07,2533.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We hope that our goals can be realized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2534.97,2539.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what encourages us more than anything else is the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2539.93,2543.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are many thousands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2543.58,2548.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Jews who are joining our Langston files","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2548.3,2552.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have a basic agreement with our program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2552.84,2557.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those Jews either live in Israel or outside Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2558.02,2562.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this led lately to the formation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2564.98,2567.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the democratic front in Israel which is learning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2567.8,2572.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together Arabs and Jews, Palestinian Arabs, and Jews","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2572.464,2577.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as candidates in the upcoming elections in Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2579.43,2584.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is very encouraging to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2586.82,2588.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It shows that the movement of history is always forward","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2590.24,2595.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not backward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2596.08,2597.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that Zionism is an archaic and historic moment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2599.04,2604.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it goes against the movement of history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2606.14,2609.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are aware of all the conflicts that existed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2611.5,2616.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and still exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2617.26,2619.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We do not pretend that the solution for those problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2619.24,2624.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that came as a result of years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2625.16,2630.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or decades of conflict will be solved overnight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2630.47,2634.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We believe that the integration between the Jews","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2636.13,2639.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the non Jews, Palestinian and Arabs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2639.72,2642.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Christians and Muslims,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2642.783,2644.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a process in itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2644.237,2646.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some may say that this is very hard to achieve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2648.82,2653.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I would like just to quote one famous Jewish thinker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2653.948,2658.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who said, \"this could be a dream","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2659.55,2663.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"but at least those who do not have the power to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2664.787,2668.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dream cannot have the power to live\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2668.76,2671.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we the Palestinian people have the power to dream.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2671.91,2675.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2675.32,2676.192"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=2676.192,2679.192"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29639/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/639/original/AV167952_Rostrum_a.vtt?1624892435","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/639/original/AV167952_Rostrum_a.vtt?1624892435"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29640","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167952_Rostrum_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374/transcript/29640/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Ladies and gentlemen, The Organization of Arab Students, and the committee on lecture in Iowa state university welcome you to this lecture. Our guest tonight is Mr. Hassan Rahman. Mr. Hassan Rahman was born in Palatine 1944, graduated from the Catholic University of Puerto Rico in political sciences. He got his master degree in public administration from the State University of Puerto Rico. He was a PhD candidate in the City University of New York. Mr. Hassan Abdul Rahmna represented the PLO, Palestine Liberation Organization, and the social and humanitarian committee in the United Nations. Presently, he is the acting director in the information office for the PLO in the United States and the Deputy Permanent Representative of the PLO to the United nations. The lecture topic tonight is, Palestine The Key to Peace in The middle East. Ladies and gentleman, Mr. Hassan Rahman.\r\n\r\n- At the outset, I would like to thank the organization for helping students and the committee on lectures in the State University of Iowa for allowing me the opportunity of being with you here this evening. In order to understand what we mean by the question of Palestine and how Palestine can be the key to Middle East peace, we have to distinguish between two aspects of the Middle East conflict. Those two aspects are distinct from each other. Yet they are interrelated. They are separated, but they are organically connected. The first aspect of the Middle East conflict that which refers to the occupation of territories that belong to two Arab States. By Israel, namely Egypt and Syria. In other words, the relations or the interstate relations that exist between the government as it established of Israel and the governments of Egypt and Syria over the occupation of the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. The other aspect of the problem and that which refers to the dispossession of the national rights of the Palestinian people, they're and they're uprooting from their homes and properties. And that's why it is not a question of territory. As far as the Palestinians are concerned only. It is a question of national inalienable rights of the Palestinian people. This second aspect is the essence of the Middle East conflict. And it is the call. And therefore no solution can be achieved for the Middle East conflict without solving the second aspect that I spoke about, and that is the Palestine question. Namely, the restoration of the national rights of the Palestinian people. The repatriation to their homes and properties, and the reconstruction of their collective identity as a people. And in order to become more familiar with what I'm saying, I like to give just a selection of historical facts about the nature and the collector of the Palestinian Israeli Zionist conflict. We have been here in the West misled to believe that the question of Palestine is a question of refugees. And therefore it has to be dealt with as such. And in fact the government of Israel, as well as the government of the United States until very recently have conceived of the problem in those terms. Up to now, the government of Israel, believes and still insist that the problem of the Palestinians is a refugee problem. And therefore, since their are refugees, their problem has to be dealt with as such. In other words to resettle them somewhere else without taking into consideration their national. And the other misconceptions that we have been led to believe, at least in the West. And this is due to the way that the media have handled the problem of the Palestinian people, that it is a religious conflict. That it is a conflict between the Jews on one side and the non Jews in the Middle East on the other hand. Which of course is not true. Because as we are unlike in the Middle East, there has never been any persecution of any religious group in the middle East because of their religious affiliation. Our culture is known to be one of the most tolerant cultures. We have always co-existed Christians, Muslims, Jews together without any discrimination whatsoever, until Zionism was introduced into the Middle East. Now we have also to establish, that when we talk about Zionism, we talk about the concrete political ideology of Zionism that is distinguished and distinct from Judaism. Judaism for us is a religion like any other religion. And we conceived of it treated as such well verded and we respect it in the same way that we expect the Christianity and Islam. Zionism is a concrete political ideology that was founded in Europe to respond to certain problems that existed in Europe, which is also alien to the realities and necessities of the Middle East. And I'll come to this little later. Now the third misconception that we have been led to believe also that the conflict in the Middle East is an Arab Israeli conflict. It is between the Arabs on one side and the Jews on the other side. Which is also not true because as I mentioned before, the conflict is basically between the Palestinian people in the first place and Zionism and the involvement of the Arabs States in that conflict came as a consequence to the basic conflict between Palestinians and Israeli Arabs. Those are the three basic misconceptions about the nature of the conflict in the Middle East. And unless they are collected and put into the right context it becomes very difficult to deal with how to solve the problem in the Middle East. Zionism, as I mentioned before was established in Europe. It came as early action to the treatment that the Jews suffered in Europe. After the Dreyfus case, where the Jews felt concretely that they have been persecuted and discriminated against in New York, because they happened to be Jews. In fact, that is condemned by evil human being who believes in justice and who have not conceived of justice in a double standard. Because when we talk about justice in the Palestine Liberation Organization we believe in justice for the Palestinian Arabs as well as the Jews. And for every single human being regardless of his race, color, sex or whatever it is, we believe in indivisibility of justice. And that's why in our slogan and in the solutions we offer to the Middle East conflict we include those who are of the Jewish faith who happened to live now in the Middle East. Regardless whether they have been misled, whether they came as settlers, as colonials regardless of the capacity and the form they immigrated to the Middle East and settled there. In our program, we include either a single one of them. In the first Zionist Congress held in Bal Switzerland in 1897, design his movement decided that Palestine should be the homeland for the Jews. In Palestine, then about 950,000 Palestinian Arabs, mainly Christians and Muslims. And about 50,000 Jews lived in Palestine. The people who decided that Palestine should be the homeland for the Jews, are Europeans. Who had problems in Europe in the same way that many other minorities had problems legally or muddy, they did not have any right to claim in Palestine. Most of them have never set foot on Palestine before. They did not have any right to claim in Palestine because they happened to be Jews. They could have in the same way that Armenians have done before immigrated into Palestine as immigrants, who seek to co-exist with the indigenous population live with them as people, not as a movement that have as it is main goal, the user patient of the land of the Palestinian, there uprooting and the establishment of a Jewish homeland which in other words, mean is a state in their place. The conflict between the Palestinians and Zions was over this. The Zions' movement is a colonial movement, that intended to establish an exclusive Jewish homeland in Palestine. At the expense of the indigenous population of Palestine, which is our child, the Palestinian Arabs mainly the Christians and Muslims of Palestine. In fact that the Palestinian people who existed from the very beginning, of course the Zionist movement in it is attempt to manipulate international public opinion have told the world that Palestine was a land without people and should be given for people without a land. Jewish thinker, his name was Ahad Ha'am, who visited Palestine in 1881, said when he heard that slogan, raised by Zionists, he said I visited Palestine. And I found not one acre of land that was album that has not been cultivated by the native population. In fact, Palestine in 1918 used to produce about 20 million of oranges and export them to Europe. So it is not true what Zions movement have been telling the International Public Opinion that Palestine was a desert. And one of the miracles was to make the desert bloom and that they have created a paradise in Palestine. Palestine is known to be one of the most fertile lands of the Middle East. It has one of the longest histories of the world and it has produced one of the most strong viable and continuous civilizations in the world. And the Palestinian people have always existed in Palestine worked in Pakistan, helped to develop themselves and the international community within the limited resources. But of course the Zionist movement knew then that they are unable to achieve this goal without outside help. What they did was first to appeal to the leading colonial power then, and that was England. They appealed to England to help them in in their efforts to establish this exclusive Jewish State in Palestine. But the British, could not at the beginning do anything because Palestine was under the automatic control and the Arabs were rising up against Turkish imperialism, Turkish colonialism of Palestine and struggling for their independence. And England had an input in supporting the Arabs in order to defeat Turkey. It was viewed later to divide the Middle East among them and the French. In fact, that have been materialized later on as a result for the sites Pico agreement in which England took control of Palestine, Jordan and Iraq in exchange France took control over Syria and Lebanon. Zionist movement founded the only one who would help the Zionist movement in getting England to provide this help to them was This is the founder of modern auditions. He looked through the Zionist project and said, \"well this is very similar \"to what we are doing now in South Africa. \"And therefore we are going to support it\". He recommended the support of that program to the British government. And in 1917, we Zionist movement succeeded in getting England to issue the infamous Balfour Declaration. The Balfour Declaration was supposed to commit the British government to the establishment of a Jewish Homeland in Palestine. By 1917, the first world war was almost over and the allies were victorious in the war. England and France decided to have the Middle East divided among them. As I mentioned before France would take over Syria and Lebanon. England will have a mandate over Palestine. And I say mandate because Palestine was developed enough that England could not assume colonization of Palestine and in the language international mandate means that England would help the indigenous population, the native people of Palestine to develop themselves to the extent where they become capable of handling their own affairs. Which means that their Lord would be a leading Lord for the Palestinians to become self sufficient and achieve their independence. A trust that the British betrayed because the intention was never to help the Palestinians and the intention was to fulfill diplomas that they gave to the Zionist, full Balfour Declaration. The first thing was that England appointed a Zionist as the high commissioner in Palestine. Halbert Samwel in 1924, whose role was to facilitate the immigration of Jews into Palestine. That was his main task. But the Palestinian people never just stood there with their hand closed. And they resisted a British mandate over Palestine. They never chose even the mandate for themselves. It was done by imposition on them. They fought in 1921 and a massive uprising in Pakistan led by the Congress of all of Palestine then, a political organization that was formed to combat British Colonialism and Zionist immigration. In 1924, they led another movement. And 1929, there was a major revolt in Palestine against the British and Zionist protesting the settlements of the Jews in Palestine. And the illegal immigration quote unquote, \"that was allowed by the British\" In 1929, the British government acted by hanging 15 leaders of the Palestinian movement publicly in the squares of Gaza, ARCA, Haifa in order to intimidate the native population in Palestine. At this point, I would like just to draw your attention to one fact while the British were allowing Zionists to come and settle in Palestine, they were allowing them also to establish their own exclusive infrastructure in the in the country. For example, the settlement of the land, wherever they they bought or acquired land with the help of the British. They would establish exclusive Jewish colonies on the snap. Palestinians could never work on that land. They would establish a schools that were exclusive for the Jews. They would establish banks that the Palestinians could not work and or have transaction with. They were creating a society parallel to the existing society and in its place In other words, that the more land they take, they will establish Jews institutions on that land. Their political organizations, their trade unions, everything that they bought into Palestine was exclusively Jewish. The British government helped to create paramilitary organizations for Zionists. They would allow them to train themselves in military schools. At the same time any Palestinian who was caught with a knife that exceeded three inches would be sentenced to 15 years in prison. There was a systematic process of maintaining the Palestinian people, Christians and Muslims ignorant, no schools were allowed, no streets was supposed to be opened, et cetera, et cetera. The British were playing on one hand a load of maintaining the place or pushing them to surrender their land and their identity. And at the same time, constructing the adequate conditions for the Zionist movement to establish itself in Palestine. And the last major revolt by the Palestinians was in 1936. when the Palestinian people revolted for three years, liberated about 80% of the total of Palestine. And the British was almost defeated to the extent where they had to call into Palestine 120,000 soldiers. Which formed 1/3 of their total army, the army of England. But they could not even succeed in crushing the Palestinian revolution until 1939. When the second world war started. Now in 1939 England negotiated with the leaders of the Palestinian revolution, and told them that now we have a common threat and that is Nazism in Europe. And they issued what became known as the White Paper. The White Paper was supposed to end illegal Jewish immigration into Palestine. It was a promise by the government of England to once the was over, grand the Palestinian their right to self-determination and independence. In fact, that was also betrayed immediately after the second world war. Now, during the second world war a very important event took place. And that is in Palestine. Among the Jews was formed the Jewish bill gate to fight alongside the allies in the second world war. The Palestinians applied to join in this with the British, they were not allowed. They never understood until later, because this was to become the nucleus of Zionists his test goods that conducted the world against the Palestinians, Once the world was over. By 1945, when the war was over they were already the nucleus for the Jewish organizations, Zionist organizations who conducted a war after against the Palestinians and against certain sectors of the British mandatory forces that did not want to collaborate with the Zionists. During the war, when incident took place and that in New York in the Biltmore hotel in 1942 Zionist movement, and their general Congress, decided to abolish the term Homeland and establish instead a Jewish State in Palestine. The decision to create a state of Israel was not made by the Jews in Palestine. It was made in the Biltmore hotel in New York city. Decided by American Jews and other Jews. Irony which is also very significant because as we see now that the financiers of Israel has always been either the Jewish community in the United States or the government of the United States. Of course through a process of exploitation of the American taxpayer who gives to the government of Israel about $3 billion a year, in armaments mainly Phantom jets and tanks. And all of you will know that Phantom jets are not used for tourist excursions and tanks are not used to cultivate land. There are used to destroy and kill. And our people ask themselves this question why the American people do that. Of course, we understand that most of the Americans do not know exactly what happened with their money that they pay as taxes. They don't know that even a single Israeli whether child, man or woman gets about $1,000 a year tax exempt. And I don't know how many Americans get that amount from their government. But this is for the Americans of course to the side. But as I said, the fact that the decision was made in the Biltmore hotel in the United States it's very significant because this was a commitment. This meant that the flust of the Zionist movement is not in Europe anymore. And it was transferred to the United States. In fact now even present Israeli officials when they want to campaign for an office in Israel, they don't run in Israel, they usually come and pay a visit to New York, because that's where they have the coverage they have the money to pay for their campaigns. Elec Shalane for example, who is a candidate for the prime minister in Israel now was asked the other day on television. Why you come to the United States to campaign? He said, \"because whatever I do in the United States is \"reported in Israeli place. \"What I do in Israel is not reported in Israel place\". And we know that there is a definite commitment by the Zionist Organizations in the United States to the power they have and because of the influence they have in the United States. They have been the main supplier of Israel. But anyway 1945, as I said immediately, after the second world war, the Zionist movement led a war of terror against the Palestinians. During the 30 years, between 1917 to 1947, England have succeeded in upsetting the balance of power to the favor of Zionists. In the sense that while the Palestinians were kept without any legal power for a systematic process of taking power away from them at the same time, the British authorities were allowing any Zionists to go anywhere in the world import any amount of weapons they felt was necessary and tolerable. By 1947, when England knew that the balance of power is not in the favor of the Palestinians, they raised their hands and said, we cannot deal with the situation in Palestine. And they turned it to the United Nations to deal with. The United Nations was mainly dominated by Western powers. Allies that were victorious in the second world war, Third World Countries were not a poet in the United Nations. The countries that were members of the United Nations were mainly Latin American countries that are within the orbit of domination of Western powers. And they had an interest in recommending the kind of solution they recommended. The resolution that the United Nations came up with was the politician of Palestine. Legally, the United nations have no right to influence on detailed tutorial integrity of any state. United Nations have no right. According to it's charter to recommend the politician of any country. United Nations have only the right to recommend the right of self-determination to a certain group of people. But they do not have the right to recommend the politician of a country. The Palestinian people rejected the politician on the grounds that this is the ancestors Homeland. It is their path clear, and they would not allow it is partition under no circumstances. But of course, as I said the balance of power was in favor of Zionist movement. And through the war, they conducted and waged against the Palestinian people. They succeeded. the Palestinians were 2/3 of the population of Palestine. And 1/3 were Jews. In the 56% there was supposed to be 410,000 Arabs living there. And according to the petitioner's resolution that the laws of this state to be established the Jewish state should not affect in no way the rights and inputs of the non-Jewish community. But of course the leaders of the Zionist tells the organizations, they did not have in mind to allow any Palestinian to remain. They conducted a wall of intimidation at the beginning. One example of this was the massacre of Deliace in April 9 1948, when the Elgon led by Menachem begin, who by the way is now the leader of the Likud block in the Israeli Knesset, enter the village of DAC in massacre 250 for Palestinians, mainly children and women. And went to the streets of other villages saying, \"if you don't leave \"your faith will be that of the people of DRC\". And of course the Palestinians like any other people, some of them are afraid for their lives, they left. And others were pushed to and especially those who left to Lebanon because they closed the territory. The land ways for them and the open just the sea to leave from the Mediterranean to Hi-Fi Africa into Lebanon. By 1948 is controlled after the establishment of the state, which by the way was a cook nice 10 minutes later by the late Truman. Controlled over 70% of Palestine instead of the 56 that was supposed to be located to them even according to the unjust and unfair politician resolution. And the last of Palestine in 1949 was next to Jordan, or was taking control over by Jordan. Palestine ceased to exist as a political identity, while the Palestinian people remained as a people, scattered all over the Arab world. And those who remained in what was left from Palestine remained under Jordanian domain. One part of Palestine that was administered by Egypt and that's Gaza, was never formally and next to Egypt, it was left as the only territory of Palestine that was not formally part of any other Arab state, but was under the administration of Egypt. What happened in 1948 was really the destruction of the national leadership of the Palestinian people. Which of course, was to an extent have failed to protect the interest of the Palestinians. And the Palestinians started to search for conventional Arab organizations that would according to their understanding, probably help to redeem them in a way to restore the lives of them. They became baffles, they became naturalized. They tried to fit in all the existing ideologies in the Arab world which failed. By 1965 the Palestinian people decided to create their own political organization. And that was the Palestine National Liberation Movement which is known now as PATA, that led the first military operation against Israel. June 1, 1965 one year before then the PLO was established, which was supposed to represent all the different factions of the Palestinian people. There were certain objections by certain organizations to the PLO, which was reformed later on in 1968. But in order not to continue with my monologue, I would like just to conclude at this stage hoping that you will have some questions to ask and that we could deal with concretely with certain aspects of the conflict. What are the aims and goals of the PLO? The PLO became, first of all recognized by the Palestinian people, as the sole and legitimate to the preventative of the Palestinian people, then it became recognized by the Arab States in this capacity the Islamic conference in 1974, also recognized the PLO. The non-aligned movement, recognized, the PLO, In 1974 the United Nations recognized the PLO as the sole and legitimate to present of the Palestinian people. The goal of the PLO is first to achieve delight the right of return to Palestinian refugees, to their homes and properties in Palestine. And second, the establishment of an independent sovereign Palestinian State. Those are the two goals. For which the Palestine liberation organization struggles. Our vision is to have a secular democracy state in Palestine for all people, regardless of their faith race, sex would be equal citizens. This is an alternative to the existing exclusive Jewish State, that discriminates against people because they happen to be of a non-Jewish faith. Our answer to exclusivism is universalism. We believe that in the long run, the people in the Middle East, regardless of their faith have to become one people in order to end the condition of the gateway in which the Jewish people now live in Palestine because they are isolated from the main stream of human thought. They believe themselves from the Zionism as an ideology that isolates them from the rest of humanity. Because according to Zionism the Jews regardless of wherever they are, they are not part of the societies in which they are born. And as long as they live outside of Israel, they are living on the leftovers of the Gentiles. And therefore the Zionist movement become oppressive twice. Once it calls upon the Jews to uproot himself from wherever he is. And second, in order to create a place for him, a Palestinian should be uprooted. It is against the Palestinian in one hand. And also it is against the Jew in the other hand. Because it calls for the Jews to feel themselves as a minority always in any society where they ever present. We are against that. We believe that our allegiance, first of all, is to humanity. We are all part of the human race. We have our own distinct culture, but it is not superior or inferior to any, it is equal to any other culture. We hope that our goals can be realized what encourages us more than anything else is the fact that there are many thousands of Jews who are joining our Langston files and have a basic agreement with our program. Those Jews either live in Israel or outside Israel. And this led lately to the formation of the democratic front in Israel which is learning together Arabs and Jews, Palestinian Arabs, and Jews as candidates in the upcoming elections in Israel. This is very encouraging to us. It shows that the movement of history is always forward and not backward. And that Zionism is an archaic and historic moment because it goes against the movement of history. We are aware of all the conflicts that existed and still exist. We do not pretend that the solution for those problems that came as a result of years or decades of conflict will be solved overnight. We believe that the integration between the Jews and the non Jews, Palestinian and Arabs, Christians and Muslims, is a process in itself. Some may say that this is very hard to achieve. And I would like just to quote one famous Jewish thinker who said, \"this could be a dream \"but at least those who do not have the power to dream cannot have the power to live\" and we the Palestinian people have the power to dream. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45419/file/118374#t=0.0,2711.71918"}]}]}]}