{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/s17sn01t72/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Rothschild, Max Frederick, From a Sow's Ear to a Silk Purse"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["From a Sow's Ear to a Silk Purse. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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Joffrey:\u003c/strong\u003e Good evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=11.75,12.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pleased to welcome all of you tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=13.84,15.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the first Presidential University 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lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=36.36,38.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have an exceptional speaker to begin this lecture series,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=39.84,43.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"distinguished professor, Max 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introduce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=50.71,53.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Rothschild in a moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=53.83,55.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a new lecture series which we have created","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=56.83,61.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to showcase Iowa State's excellent faculty, but also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=61.26,65.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to enrich and stimulate the intellectual 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faculty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=72.75,77.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are world leaders in their disciplines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=77.08,80.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are making breakthrough 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Windel Miller, for the express purpose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=167.91,171.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of enhancing our learning environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=171.32,173.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I also want to thank the university committee on 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economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=367.41,368.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was, in 2002, Iowa Inventor of the year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=369.59,373.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has received two R\u0026amp;D awards from the R\u0026amp;D magazine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=373.01,376.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which honors the nation's top","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=376.2,378.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Technological Production 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designed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=384.45,386.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as (indistinct), to highlight faculty actions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=386.86,390.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and learning, discovery and engagement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=390.99,394.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Rothschild was the logical choice to begin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=394.53,397.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this lecture series.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=397.73,399.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is my pleasure to introduce the person who has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=399.623,402.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contributed so much, not only to Iowa State University,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=403.87,406.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to the State and the nation through his research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=406.32,408.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and teaching engagement, Professor Rothschild.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=408.98,411.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=412.391,415.558"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e [Prof. Max Rothschild] Good evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=432.71,433.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Joffrey, Provost Allen, our fellow faculty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=433.9,437.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"staff and students, ladies and gentlemen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=437.99,441.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to first thank the President for your kind invitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=441.01,445.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to speak tonight as a presidential lecturer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=445.64,447.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the honor, it's quite an honor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=447.75,449.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm sure many faculty are at least this deserving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=449.98,452.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more deserving than I am of this award.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=452.98,455.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I hope when I continue speaking tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=455.38,457.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you think I still deserve it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=457.24,458.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=458.8,460.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Also thank Provost Allen for your kind remarks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=460.52,463.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've always enjoyed my years here at Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=464.91,467.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hope tonight to talk a little bit about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=467.8,468.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the things that I've done, and some of the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=468.74,471.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're engaged in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=471.12,473.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to speak tonight, ladies and gentlemen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=473.2,475.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the subject of genetics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=475.19,477.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if anybody knows me very well, they know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=477.2,478.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been interested in this subject since I was a child,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=478.95,482.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost 45 years now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=482.15,484.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll be speaking, hopefully, to all of you tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=484.46,487.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know there's a hip...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=488.12,489.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hip twist across the way here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=491.089,493.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you want to be put to sleep you can stay here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=493.59,495.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then go over there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=495.38,496.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case, I'm going to speak, hopefully, about genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=498.56,501.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm going to do it at a level that I hope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=501.69,504.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will address everybody's interest tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=504.49,506.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So laypersons, faculty, students, and hopefully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=506.19,509.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will all get something out of the of the talk tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=509.45,513.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to talk about the role of animal genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=513.26,515.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how it affects all of our lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=515.59,517.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not just people that work with livestock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=517.26,518.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I wanna make that very clear,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=518.94,520.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is well beyond work with livestock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=520.06,522.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It involves all areas of animal and comparative genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=522.93,526.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and genomics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=526.01,527.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in discussing this, I'm going to talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=527.22,529.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the promise that's available to all of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=529.22,532.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this fits in with my title, which obviously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=532.08,536.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the reverse of a 16th century proverb that said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=536.68,540.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You could make a silk purse out of a sow's ear,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=540.757,543.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to make the case, I hope, tonight that in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=543.88,545.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can make a silk purse out of a sow ear,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=545.84,549.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and using genomics to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=549.52,551.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I want to start off first, I don't have a really good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=551.12,554.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"feel for what everyone's background is in genetics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=554.45,557.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so the easiest way to do that is to start, kind of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=557.6,559.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a baseline slide defining genetics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=559.81,562.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hopefully, we're all at this level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=562.37,565.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's this poor dog saying to the cat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=565.44,567.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It's genetic, my father was a dog, I'm a dog.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=567.447,570.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, this is the baseline that I think most people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=570.74,573.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"understand about genetics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=573.07,574.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They understand the differences between species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=574.69,577.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and understand that that's under genetic control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=577.68,580.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, obviously we have to go a little beyond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=580.21,581.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that point tonight, and hopefully I won't lose anybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=581.92,584.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=584.61,585.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to remind all of you that if you've taken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=586.87,589.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a biology class sometime in the last 30 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=589.67,593.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all of this should be familiar to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=593.3,595.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, perhaps in the last 40 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=595.38,597.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All bodies are made up of cells,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=601.0,603.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the genetic material in these cells are chromosomes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=603.45,607.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the genetic material of course is DNA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=607.23,611.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we know that DNA leads to amino acids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=611.0,613.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those amino acids lead to proteins,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=613.27,615.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is, in a rough sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=615.45,617.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the basis for the entire talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=617.57,619.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what's of interest is not that DNA leads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=619.54,622.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eventually to proteins, but that differences in DNA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=622.28,625.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"changes the traits of interest, and has large effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=625.81,629.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the things we do, and the things we eat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=629.17,631.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our health and all kinds of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=631.844,633.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we'll get into that tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=633.84,635.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, let me start with some simple definitions of genetics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=635.9,640.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, it's the science of heredity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=641.55,643.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think everybody knows that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=643.45,645.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It involves the transmission of genetic information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=645.64,648.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from one generation to the next.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=648.66,651.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know that genetics involves the interactions of genes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=652.23,656.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with each other and with the environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=656.01,658.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce phenotypes, or what we see, the different traits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=658.26,661.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for someone like myself, genetics controls my brown eyes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=661.44,665.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my lack of hair, my height, my weight and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=665.24,668.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are very simple definitions of genetics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=668.51,672.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, more recently, the field of genomics has come about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=672.06,675.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very simply put,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=675.57,676.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genomics is the science of sequencing data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=676.81,679.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this involves all the new techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=679.88,681.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are involved with new gene- the discovery of new genes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=681.97,685.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of genetic mapping, of new genetic technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=685.84,689.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's too many to mention tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=689.79,691.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but certainly things like bioinformatics, informatics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=691.39,696.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it involves gene regulation, genome expression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=696.95,699.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as the array at the corner shows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=699.75,701.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it involves all the new technologies involved with arrays","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=701.96,705.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and gene chips.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=705.37,707.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, just basically we've talked about genetics and genomics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=707.52,711.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is some background for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=711.34,713.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think everybody in science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=714.83,715.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was speaking to the students now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=715.88,718.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think everybody in science should have some heroes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=718.93,721.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had some scientific heroes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=721.7,724.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they are all involved in some form of genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=724.73,729.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on your far left, this gentleman on the horse,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=730.63,733.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is Robert Bakewell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=733.53,734.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Robert Bakewell lived in the 1700s, in England.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=734.81,738.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was considered to be one of the master 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around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=749.19,753.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in Iowa or any of the other States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=753.05,755.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope most of you who've taken a genetics 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That's Mendel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=760.2,762.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was a monk, and he was the first plant breeder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=762.45,765.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm glad to see that Steve's here tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=765.42,767.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to represent the Plant Science Institute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=767.38,769.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this is the original plant 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Lush.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=812.54,814.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All three of those individuals met on occasion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=814.88,818.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at Iowa State, and helped shape animal 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world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=823.58,826.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nearly everyone trained in animal breeding and genetics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=826.23,829.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a 40 year period, either came from Lush","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=829.81,832.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or one of his students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=832.5,834.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, since we like to think about pedigrees in this area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=834.0,837.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lush was in almost everyone's pedigree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=837.3,839.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, I would be called the double grandson of 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world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=865.74,868.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"means the difference between economic survival and death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=868.62,872.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because these animals produce not only meat and milk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=872.44,875.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fiber, but they produce a calf that's sold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=875.1,878.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic return comes from 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countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=883.19,885.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the men seem to waste it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=885.75,887.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the women buy livestock, raise the livestock,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=887.36,890.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take care of it, and generate income for their families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=890.97,894.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So animals play an incredible role in these countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=894.09,896.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore anything we can do to improve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=896.6,898.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"livestock genetic-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=898.84,900.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can make livestock improvement through genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=901.17,904.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is extremely important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=904.14,905.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We hear a lot about people don't need to eat so much meat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=907.87,910.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll come back to that a little later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=910.62,912.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not whether we need to eat meat or not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=912.72,914.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna argue that, that's not the point here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=914.7,916.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The point is that in both the developed world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=916.78,919.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the developing world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=919.3,920.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's an enormous demand for meat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=920.96,923.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you look at these numbers here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=923.51,925.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you look in the developed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=925.11,926.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's somewhere in the neighborhood there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=926.48,927.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of about a 15% increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=927.56,929.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is suggested from 1997 to the year 2020.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=929.84,933.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that comes about partly from population growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=933.73,937.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the developed world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=937.35,938.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're not gonna have a large population growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=938.28,940.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're gonna have a modest population growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=940.6,942.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it also comes about from the fact that people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=942.99,945.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as their incomes go up, they want meat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=945.88,948.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the developing world this is even more clear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=948.21,951.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so if we look in China or Asia, or Latin America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=951.32,955.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're gonna see large increases, partly due to the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=955.84,958.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that population growth is growing so rapidly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=958.96,961.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also because as incomes go up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=961.44,963.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a demand for meat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=963.87,965.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, if we think about the fact- this fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=965.85,968.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have to come to grips with the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=968.55,970.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that how we're gonna produce more meat, more efficiently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=970.34,973.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to feed people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=973.6,975.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can make a lot of arguments that you shouldn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=975.27,976.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be eating meat, I won't make those tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=976.91,979.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the actual fact is, there's a demand out there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=979.16,983.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we need to do something to meet that demand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=983.08,985.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I'm gonna sum it up and I'm gonna talk about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=986.87,989.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these three points tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=989.64,991.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do we improve the production of meat, milk and fiber,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=991.26,994.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while minimizing environmental impacts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=994.54,996.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's an extremely important problem here in Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=996.73,999.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the developed world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=999.4,1001.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do we reduce animal disease and improve animal welfare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1001.38,1005.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally, how do we use animals as models,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1005.55,1008.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only to improve animal health,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1008.95,1011.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also to improve human health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1011.24,1013.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I hope I'll touch on these points tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1013.26,1015.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are our challenges for animal genomics research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1015.25,1017.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things I'm gonna do tonight is to try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1019.34,1021.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and illustrate some of my points by using","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1021.21,1022.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"covers of magazines that I found.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1022.91,1025.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the point I'm gonna make is, how do we get this done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1025.98,1028.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this National Geographic cover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1028.64,1032.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tells it very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1032.44,1033.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can employ modern methods of molecular biology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1033.55,1037.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and molecular genetics to unlock the secrets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1037.37,1039.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the animal genome, and we can do this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1039.55,1041.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by finding the secrets of the genes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1041.88,1044.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you go back to that building block,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1044.8,1046.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we just have to discover what that DNA is all about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1046.67,1049.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll give some examples of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1050.7,1053.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, for those of you who've often looked at a person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1053.29,1057.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or an animal, and think of them as the black box","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1057.55,1060.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you like, and ask the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1060.6,1061.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I wonder what they are genetically?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1061.867,1063.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we're doing and what we can do with molecular genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1064.69,1067.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we couldn't do with quantitative genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1067.79,1069.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or genetics in any sense, some 30 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1069.88,1072.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is we can take that black box and we can open it up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1072.8,1076.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look inside, and look at the DNA and determine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1076.19,1079.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how many genes there are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1079.9,1082.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what are the size of the gene effects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1082.12,1084.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which genes are most important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1084.67,1086.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I'm gonna make some examples tonight of how","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1087.78,1091.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've unlocked that and looked inside that black box.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1091.53,1094.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of people ask how difficult is it to find a gene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1095.61,1098.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I'm going to try, by analogy here, to show you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1098.91,1102.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how difficult it is to find the gene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1102.75,1104.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you think of the earth, as I have in this example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1104.48,1107.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the entire genome, then a chromosome,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1107.29,1110.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which we all have different number-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1110.54,1113.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not all of us here, I hope, don't have different numbers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1113.11,1116.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Might be some trisomy in the crowd but I hope not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1116.74,1119.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Different species have different numbers of chromosomes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1120.53,1123.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can think of a chromosome as, for instance, a country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1123.03,1126.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The general location of the gene as a State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1126.4,1129.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in this case, Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1129.427,1131.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the gene itself might be a city within the State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1131.27,1134.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the actual mutation causing the trait difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1134.17,1136.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is actually a single address or a house in the city,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1136.94,1140.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a State, in a country, on the earth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1141.79,1145.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, that's the analogy of how difficult it might be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1145.25,1147.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find genes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1147.7,1148.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it used to be the proverbial needle in the haystack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1148.68,1151.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But now we have tools that make this at least reasonable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1151.8,1154.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly in many cases we can find those genes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1154.52,1156.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not all of them, but many of the cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1156.83,1158.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, how do we get started?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1159.89,1161.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what you see here on your far right, is evidence of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1161.32,1164.745"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a comparative genetic map, these are chromosomes here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1164.745,1169.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a P-chromosome 1,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1169.18,1171.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are a number of human chromosomes that line up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1171.26,1174.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big portions of those chromosomes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1174.46,1176.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"line up with the P-chromosome, they have the same genes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1176.33,1180.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not necessarily in the exact same order, but chunks of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1180.98,1184.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very similar, and it's this comparative nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1184.83,1187.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we can make use of, and I'll come back to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1187.63,1190.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But first, we have to have genes and markers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1190.4,1192.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like you have to have street addresses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1192.08,1193.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can't find anything without street addresses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1193.62,1196.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then from those you develop maps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1196.46,1198.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're not much different, a linkage map,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1198.63,1201.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a genetic linkage map is not much different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1201.09,1203.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than unfolding a map of Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1203.2,1204.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's roads, there's exit signs, or anonymous markers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1204.99,1208.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are just like the mileage markers on the road,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1208.55,1211.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are similar in gene maps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1211.52,1213.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have to create trait maps, it's important to know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1213.97,1216.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for instance, that in chromosome 1...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1216.49,1219.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wait till I get the pointer here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1219.503,1220.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right up here there's a very important gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1220.4,1222.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that affects litter size, that's a trait map.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1222.393,1225.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, first I have to map the region, and then I can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1225.43,1228.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually map the gene and I do that with what's called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1228.04,1230.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fine mapping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1230.25,1231.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And eventually what I do is, I develop a trait test","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1231.58,1234.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some way to take DNA from an animal, may be nothing more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1234.89,1238.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than pulling a hair out and getting the hair root","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1238.06,1241.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and using that DNA, getting the DNA from the hair root,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1241.04,1245.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"determining whether the pig, or the cow, or the chicken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1245.06,1248.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the dog has the favorable form of the gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1248.0,1250.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and selecting that animal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1250.47,1251.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to make a point here, you hear a lot nowadays,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1252.82,1255.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about genetically modified organisms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1255.48,1258.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"none of what I'm talking about today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1258.18,1259.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is genetic modification.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1259.82,1261.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's use of traditional methods of selection, using genes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1261.62,1265.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that myself and others have discovered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1265.61,1268.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if we look at the estimated gene maps that exist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1270.15,1273.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the different species, in the pig we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1273.24,1276.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 5 000 genetic markers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1276.27,1278.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My colleague Chris Doug and I are responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1278.73,1280.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a large number of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1280.9,1282.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certainly in the early map when there were only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1282.39,1284.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just over 1 000, we had put on well over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1284.36,1286.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"100 of those markers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1286.91,1288.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, they're kind of flying on the map a lot faster.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1288.75,1291.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the cow about 5 000, in other species somewhat less.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1291.52,1295.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you compare that to the human map, in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1295.94,1298.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a complete sequence, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1298.41,1300.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's all 35,000 genes, and then there's about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1300.29,1302.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"100,000 markers that are available for linkage work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1302.667,1305.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there are several ways to find the genes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1307.87,1310.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that would be a lecture in itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1310.69,1314.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm not planning to do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1314.07,1315.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's more technical than anyone needs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1315.32,1317.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to make a case, I hope, today to try and explain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1317.63,1320.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two methods, and I'm explaining these two because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1320.93,1324.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are two that I've used in my laboratory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1324.04,1326.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also because I think they appeal to people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1326.27,1328.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think of us can understand rather easily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1328.36,1330.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what they're about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1330.72,1331.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the first is what's called a candidate gene search,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1331.82,1334.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the second is called the genome scan project,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1334.71,1337.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can think of that as a pedigree analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1337.86,1340.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are other methods, certainly some of the more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1340.63,1342.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elegant new ones involve expression studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1342.98,1345.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many faculty on this campus are doing that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1345.95,1348.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thanks to some great efforts of putting up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1348.93,1351.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Expression laboratory that's in the new building","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1352.29,1354.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Plant Science Institute houses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1354.438,1356.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so there's certainly some very nice facilities available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1356.86,1359.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do that type of work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1359.83,1361.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to start with candidate genes, and here I've taken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1362.11,1364.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a cover from Scientific American, and if you can read that-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1364.77,1367.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can't read that in the back it says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1367.71,1369.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Muscles in Genes\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1369.157,1370.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Candidate genes, by definition, are those believed to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1370.99,1374.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"involved in a physiological process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1374.86,1377.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll give an example, if I tell you growth hormone gene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1377.31,1380.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first thing you would think about is that it's involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1380.8,1383.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with growth hormone, and hence it ought to be involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1383.08,1386.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1386.11,1387.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's a biological candidate gene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1387.37,1389.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the easiest one I could mention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1389.66,1391.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll give you a couple more in a few minutes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1391.55,1394.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second type of candidate genes are what we call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1394.42,1396.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mutational candidates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1396.69,1398.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People have been doing animal breeding and genetics work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1399.51,1402.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with laboratory animals, since the early 1900s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1402.9,1406.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with (indistinct) and other species.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1406.2,1408.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this work has revealed a large number of mutations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1408.58,1413.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We now know where those mutations reside in certain genes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1414.07,1417.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can ask the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1417.71,1418.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Does a mutation in the mouse, for a particular gene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1418.907,1422.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is there a similar mutation in the pig,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1422.52,1424.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the cow or the dog,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1424.4,1426.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would then predict a function of that gene?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1426.33,1430.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's a mutational candidate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1430.03,1432.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then finally, once we do some mapping we can do what-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1432.18,1434.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can find what's called comparative positional candidates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1434.63,1437.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that goes back to that slide that I showed you earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1437.81,1440.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that parts of the human chromosomes line up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1440.42,1442.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with other species.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1442.67,1443.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm going to, today, give some examples of these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1444.88,1447.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"candidate genes and hopefully you'll see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1447.43,1450.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I'm talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1450.2,1451.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to first talk about estrogen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1451.72,1453.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see there's a large number of women in the crowd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1453.9,1456.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, you'll all know what estrogen is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1456.02,1458.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hopefully all the men in the audience know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1458.24,1460.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what estrogen does also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1460.03,1461.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a cover from Time from a few years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1461.3,1464.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the bottom here says, \"Every Woman's Dilemma.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1464.26,1467.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, estrogen is the primary female hormone for mammals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1467.33,1470.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's involved in all reproductive functions, embryo survival","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1470.9,1474.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fetal development, fertility,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1474.59,1476.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secondary sexual characteristics, it's extremely important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1476.47,1480.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I know you're thinking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1480.2,1481.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"He's gonna say he looked at the estrogen gene.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1481.047,1483.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, that's not the case, what I was interested in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1483.52,1486.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact, was the estrogen receptor gene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1486.1,1488.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I got this idea from speaking with Carol Jacobson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1488.97,1492.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who used to be on the faculty in Veterinary Medicine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1492.59,1495.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I got this idea about pathways and trying to choose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1495.62,1499.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a point in which genes would be more crucial.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1499.17,1503.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I hypothesized, and our lab has made use of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1503.15,1505.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over time, that in fact, receptors which catch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1505.93,1508.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hormones essentially,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1508.88,1510.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could think of them as a catcher's glove,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1510.01,1511.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hormone comes along, they bind with the receptor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1511.87,1516.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the receptors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1516.06,1517.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there's genetic differences in the receptors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1517.02,1519.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would be extremely important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1519.58,1521.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at that time we didn't have the pig gene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1521.49,1523.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we used the human estrogen receptor gene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1523.95,1526.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We used some pretty old fashioned methods, and we pulled out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1526.44,1529.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the genetic difference in the pig, and we in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1529.74,1532.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got this- we've now made a PCR-RFLP test,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1532.15,1535.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is the first one I'm gonna show you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1535.77,1537.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'm just gonna take a minute so everybody sees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1537.32,1539.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what these tests look like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1539.29,1541.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see there is the possibility of three bands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1541.04,1544.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are genotypes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1544.56,1546.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have just the upper band, this could be called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1546.11,1549.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a 1-1 or an AA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1549.1,1551.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case we called it AA, we've modernized things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1551.0,1553.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We now use numbers instead of letters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1553.47,1555.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you see just the lower two bands right there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1555.63,1559.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's an animal, that's BB.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1559.17,1561.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then if you see an animal like this one right here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1561.18,1563.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the center, that has three bands, that's an AB.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1563.03,1567.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, this is how we can genotype animals rather quickly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1567.06,1569.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what's called a PCR test.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1569.7,1573.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when we did this with Chinese pigs, we immediately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1573.13,1576.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saw a large difference for litter size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1576.17,1579.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to admit, we were incredibly lucky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1579.21,1581.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we did this by looking at Chinese pigs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1581.41,1584.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is one of the other things that I wanted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1584.09,1586.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring up to students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1586.01,1587.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not enough to have a good idea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1587.79,1589.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to have good subjects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1589.71,1592.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, I don't know how many people around here know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1592.24,1594.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what a pig looks like, they aren't used to seeing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1594.64,1597.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chinese sow's very often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1597.72,1599.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is Meishan sow from Mainland China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1599.3,1601.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and thanks to the Iowa Pork Producers in the State of Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1601.9,1605.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Experiment Station and a whole host of people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1605.35,1607.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were able to get money, go to China in 1989","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1607.99,1611.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and import these animals here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1611.24,1613.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, why import these animals?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1613.15,1614.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well the average US pig has anywhere from 10 to 12 piglets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1614.44,1618.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every time she has a litter, the Chinese sow's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1618.86,1621.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have an average of two to four more pigs per litter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1621.21,1623.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on occasion, they have anywhere from 30 to 45 pigs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1623.92,1628.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"per litter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1628.9,1630.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that's a lot of piglets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1630.21,1631.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's four times the mean, if you like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1631.46,1635.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with that we raised the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1635.53,1637.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Is there a genetic difference here?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1637.917,1639.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course we assume there must be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1639.3,1640.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so we took that estrogen receptor gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1640.84,1642.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we looked in Chinese pigs, and what we found,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1642.97,1645.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is one of the few tables that I have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1645.93,1648.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my talk tonight, but if you look at the three genotypes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1648.66,1651.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AA, AB and BB, and this is first litter of first parody,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1651.44,1655.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"total number of pigs born and number born alive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1655.7,1658.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you compare the AA's with the BB's, you'll see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1658.6,1661.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's about 2.3 pigs more per litter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1661.63,1664.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or over 20% of the mean increase from one genotype.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1664.88,1669.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the first time I saw this I thought,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1669.87,1671.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boy, this is too good to be true, because we only looked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1671.42,1673.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at something like 19 pigs, and then I went and I got another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1673.56,1677.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"big set like this and it kept repeating and repeating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1677.74,1680.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Always over two pigs per litter between the genotypes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1680.31,1684.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if you think back to that Chinese pig,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1684.04,1686.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she's not very good for a lot of other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1686.68,1688.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She doesn't grow fast, she's pretty fat, she's not pretty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1688.63,1691.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not very productive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1691.68,1693.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we asked the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1693.07,1694.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does this genotype exist in domestic pigs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1694.06,1697.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, in fact, it does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1697.16,1698.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The differences are not as great,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1699.58,1701.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is for over 5 000 commercial animals that were tested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1701.16,1704.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The previous work was from a paper in PNAS, and this is from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1704.96,1708.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some work in Animal Science, but the difference now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1708.18,1710.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is only about almost nine tenths of a pig, per litter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1710.59,1713.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, this points to two important things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1713.88,1715.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, the effect of the estrogen receptor gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1715.64,1719.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is still significant, it's a large difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1719.04,1721.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't want a lotta extra pigs, we just want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1721.61,1724.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few more pigs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1724.13,1724.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, on average, about eight tenths of a pig per litter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1724.963,1727.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is quite good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1727.73,1729.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second thing it points out to is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1729.13,1730.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one gene functions differently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1730.66,1733.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in different genetic backgrounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1733.62,1735.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And speaking to the students now, I would say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1735.74,1737.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole field of genetics is wide open to study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1737.95,1741.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gene interaction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1741.68,1743.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is gonna be the most exciting area in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1743.23,1746.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly, if you look at some of these different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1746.35,1749.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gene effects and different backgrounds, it's very exciting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1749.1,1752.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at number born alive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1752.39,1753.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the effect is about the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1753.91,1756.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I wrote here in red to get the message across.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1756.23,1758.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I just normally select the best females, the daughters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1758.8,1762.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the best females to produce the next litter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1762.52,1764.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on and so forth, I'm not gonna do a very good job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1764.55,1768.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's not very heritable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1768.14,1769.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if I use this genetic test, I can make five times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1769.93,1773.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the progress that I could have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1773.3,1774.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by standard selection methods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1774.55,1776.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one genetic test, five times as greater 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size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1784.47,1787.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has an added benefit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1787.18,1788.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could never select males for litter size,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1788.97,1791.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't produce litters, but now I can go in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1791.35,1793.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and genotype the boars, the males, and I can choose those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1793.6,1797.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have the right genotype because they'll produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1797.4,1799.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the daughters that are so useful in my herd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1799.59,1801.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was a pretty big finding from my laboratory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1802.865,1806.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it was commercialized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1806.73,1808.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's used by Pig Improvement Company,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1808.17,1809.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're now selling it worldwide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1809.98,1812.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, even though there were some problems early on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1812.01,1814.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some exclusivity, they're in fact now trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1814.93,1817.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to sell it worldwide to as many different customers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1817.22,1820.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as possible, and that's moving forward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1820.95,1823.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, this is something about one candidate gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1824.08,1826.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is a biological candidate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1826.83,1828.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I now want to talk about a rotational candidate, and I hope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1828.82,1832.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see, maybe the people on my right can't as well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1832.74,1835.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's two mice in this picture, not one rat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1835.42,1838.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one mouse, and that one mouse wasn't stepped on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1838.12,1840.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make him look twice as big.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1840.81,1843.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, he just has an eating disorder, and he has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1843.25,1846.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an eating disorder because he has a mutation in his gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1846.21,1849.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called MC4R, a Melanocortin 4 receptor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1849.06,1852.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This receptor resides in the brain, it's one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1852.69,1855.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the gene that codes for it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1855.1,1857.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the receptor tells the animal, eat, don't eat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1859.05,1861.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it's extremely important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1861.94,1863.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's in the leptin pathway, many people have heard a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1863.14,1865.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about leptin and obesity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1865.38,1867.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I had a very bright graduate student, Kwanso Kim,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1867.34,1870.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who was working in this area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1870.91,1872.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was quite interested in obesity and fatness in pigs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1872.25,1875.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He saw this work and he said very simply,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1875.49,1877.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wonder if there is a mutation in the pig,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1877.65,1880.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously not one that doubles the size of the pig,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1880.1,1882.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but has some difference that's statistically important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1882.56,1885.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and biologically important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1885.08,1886.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, in fact we looked at this pig and he immediately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1886.6,1889.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found a mutation, in a very well conserved area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1889.98,1893.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now after some very tough work we now show that this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1893.47,1895.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a functional mutation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1895.66,1897.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's in the seventh trans domain, and you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1897.62,1901.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the different genotypes 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genotype,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1912.31,1914.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lean ones have 1 mm less back fat, that's significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1914.83,1918.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They eat 0,17 kg of feed per day less,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1920.241,1924.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're more feed efficient, in other words they convert","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1924.19,1926.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the feed to lean, instead of fat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1926.61,1929.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They, in fact, take a few more days to market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1930.52,1933.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a negative, there's no doubt about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1933.7,1935.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they do it more efficiently, so it's not a big problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1935.7,1938.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this benefits the producer because it 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work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1949.96,1952.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that improves the efficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1952.96,1955.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, most of the time when we improve growth rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1955.1,1957.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or feed intake, we're just changing appetite,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1957.29,1960.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what we're doing here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1960.12,1961.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if we choose the right genotype, the animal eats less,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1961.44,1965.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uses it better and produces, as you might guess, less waste.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1965.44,1969.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think most of us have driven someplace in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1969.61,1971.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and smelled pigs on occasion, and even though everyone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1971.86,1975.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tells us that's the smell of money,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1975.08,1976.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes we don't think money smells that well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1976.5,1979.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is an example, in fact, of a gene in which,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1979.04,1982.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you use the one genotype, it produce less waste.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1982.79,1986.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, in a sires lifetime, a sire that might be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1986.36,1989.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in AI, he might have 6,000 progeny,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1989.13,1993.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'll use 28 tons less feed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1993.4,1995.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and produce 33 000 less gallons of manure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1995.08,1997.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, it has a real benefit to the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=1997.89,2000.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you think about per 10,000 sow's, you could be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2000.09,2002.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking in a neighborhood of over a million gallons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2002.87,2005.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fewer gallons, of manure that are produced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2005.42,2007.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, this is the type of genes that we're interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2007.88,2010.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in finding, those that improve not only work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2010.55,2013.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the producer, but also for the consumer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2013.31,2016.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've talked a lot about things related to producers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2017.79,2021.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now I wanna talk about what we eat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2021.53,2023.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I'm in the business of livestock genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2023.11,2025.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we produce animals for food, and this poor fellow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2025.05,2029.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a little bit like myself, except he has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2029.78,2031.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a full head of hair, and he's asking all these questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2031.49,2034.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the food safe, is it the right kind of cholesterol","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2034.91,2038.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for me, should I be on the Atkins diet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2038.64,2041.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd ask how many of you are on that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2041.8,2043.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many of you have tried the Atkins diet?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2043.13,2045.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody? I have, I'll be honest about it, it works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2045.41,2048.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now everybody who's in, is in the South Beach diet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2048.2,2051.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you gave up on Atkins and you're doing South Beach now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2051.15,2053.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you don't believe any of that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2053.47,2054.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you say high carbs, low protein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2054.78,2057.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we all think about that, but when it's all said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2057.03,2059.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and done, we want to eat food that tastes good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2059.61,2062.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a quote from Betsy Holden from Kraft Foods,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2062.73,2065.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Americans, apparently in the modern age, want two things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2065.917,2069.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They want it on the table quick and they want it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2069.22,2070.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to taste good. And now they're starting to worry about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2070.76,2073.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it's healthy.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2073.31,2074.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I'm not gonna argue this diet thing 'cause we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2074.5,2077.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly done our share of the right thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2077.76,2080.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in pig production, pigs are incredibly leaner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2080.38,2083.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot less fat than they used to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2083.02,2085.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in doing so, we lost some of the taste.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2085.37,2087.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now, at least in my lab and other laboratories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2087.78,2090.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the world, people are looking at genes that improve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2090.12,2093.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meat quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2093.08,2094.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, meat quality is just nothing more than looking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2094.5,2099.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at muscle and making sure after the animal is sacrificed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2099.62,2103.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the muscle changes to meat in a way that the meat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2103.45,2106.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is tasty and tender, and these are all associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2106.99,2110.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a lot of biochemical properties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2110.93,2113.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm not gonna go into that, I'm not a meat scientist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2113.56,2115.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a biochemist, but my lab group is quite interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2115.8,2119.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in finding genes that affect meat quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2119.21,2121.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to do that we've done what's called a genome scan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2121.93,2124.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I show you this, I hope the diagrams not too confusing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2124.63,2127.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I want you to think for a second of what you've heard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2127.97,2130.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your own families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2130.68,2132.156"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you sit and you listen to your mother or your father","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2132.156,2134.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or your grandparent, they might say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2134.78,2136.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well you got those brown eyes through your father and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2136.36,2139.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what they've done is the same thing that we've done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2139.67,2143.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've traced in your own families traits that have been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2143.19,2147.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inherited across generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2147.05,2149.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So as animal breeders, and in this case pigs, we were able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2149.2,2152.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to set up, and this is a project that Jack Deckers and I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2152.91,2155.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a number of other faculty in the department worked on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2155.32,2158.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we set up a large three generation family by crossing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2158.11,2161.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Berkshire pigs with Yorkshire pigs on the far end","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2161.69,2165.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and creating first the grand parental, then the parental,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2165.05,2169.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the grand offspring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2169.03,2170.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we followed the traits, which ones were the fattest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2170.81,2174.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were those correlated with different genetic markers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2174.6,2178.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we put genetic markers all across the genome,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2178.02,2180.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is what's called the genome scan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2180.6,2182.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in doing so we created this, what we call a trait map,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2183.63,2186.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now I don't expect you to read all this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2186.54,2188.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you should get out of that is that, this is a cartoon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2188.46,2192.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each one of these numbers here represent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2192.63,2194.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the pigs chromosomes, and in the case of the pig","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2194.96,2197.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have 18 autosomes and sex chromosome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2197.54,2201.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, in fact, each one of these cross hatches represents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2201.22,2205.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we believe a trait for growth or meat quality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2205.2,2208.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or back fat exists. And that's just a region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2208.6,2212.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't know the exact gene itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2212.12,2214.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the first thing we have to do is find the genes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2214.75,2217.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's a long process, too long for this discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2217.19,2219.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tonight, but in fact I circled two areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2219.55,2222.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one of my postdocs worked on, one on chromosome two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2222.02,2226.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with tenderness, and one on chromosome 15","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2226.06,2229.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with pH.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2229.51,2231.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The pH, or the acidity of the meat affects the water holding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2231.32,2234.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"capacity, affects the tenderness and affects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2234.81,2237.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the eating quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2237.6,2239.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Dan Trabano, who left my lab just last year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2239.67,2244.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who did a fantastic job, discovered actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2244.18,2246.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the causative mutations in two genes, PRKA gamma three","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2246.66,2250.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (indistinct) as it's known.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2250.98,2253.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these affected pH, the acidity of the meat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2253.27,2256.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and affected the moisture that the meat held.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2256.47,2259.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what was the outcome of this for the consumer here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2259.04,2262.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if you eat pork chops, what it means is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2262.13,2265.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the appearance is redder, it has a nicer, more even color","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2265.74,2270.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's certainly more tender, it has better aroma,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2270.06,2272.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better juiciness, and better flavor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2272.46,2274.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, this is an example of using molecular genetics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2274.47,2277.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find these genes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2277.65,2278.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, these two gene tests are also being developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2278.97,2282.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and commercialized just like MC4R and the estrogen receptor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2282.04,2286.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I want to finish up talking about agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2287.97,2290.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its influence and how efficient agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2290.35,2294.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gives people richer lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2294.76,2297.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, if you just take that toast off that plate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2297.58,2299.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be the perfect Atkins breakfast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2299.77,2301.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plenty of protein there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2302.99,2304.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you wanted 10 million of those, and there are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2304.29,2306.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of people on the Atkins diet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2306.13,2307.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if it's 10 million now, but it would require","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2307.53,2309.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approximately 5,000 acres of crops to feed those animals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2309.87,2313.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 1950s, 50 years ago, those 10 million breakfasts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2313.83,2316.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have taken three times as many acres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2316.99,2319.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, you hear a lot about agriculture ruining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2319.96,2322.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the environment, in fact, modern efficient agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2322.19,2325.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not those people that ruin it for the others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2325.7,2327.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but modern efficient agriculture, improves things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2327.46,2330.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It allows us more land for houses, more land for recreation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2330.8,2334.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in developing countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2334.55,2336.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it also allows us to prohibit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2336.09,2340.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rain forest deforestation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2341.806,2343.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, these are really some big benefits that are out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2343.1,2346.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to switch subjects now and talk about the middle part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2347.16,2349.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my talk, and I want to talk about companion animals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2349.59,2352.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I guess if I could get people to raise their hands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2352.19,2353.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody seems quite uptight tonight, even more than me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2353.96,2357.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think most of you, if I asked you if you had a pet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2359.32,2361.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a dog or a cat, I bet two thirds of you would raise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2361.68,2363.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your hands, is that right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2363.89,2364.956"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many of you have dogs or cats?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2364.956,2366.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Great, great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2366.57,2368.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, you know, dogs and cats were among the first animals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2368.18,2372.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"domesticated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2372.6,2374.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Chickens and pigs were also among the first animals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2374.07,2376.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"domesticated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2376.32,2377.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the different breeds that we have, a lot of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2377.56,2381.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have purebred animals, not everybody but most,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2381.64,2384.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and those purebred animals, the breeding was developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2384.25,2387.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over hundreds of years of inbreeding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2387.6,2390.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, mating animals that were related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2390.84,2392.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to each other, to get a certain form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2392.77,2395.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's why certain dogs of certain breeds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2395.53,2398.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look one way and they look quite different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2398.64,2400.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the dogs, you can go from Chihuahua,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2400.85,2403.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the way up to the Wolfhounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2403.18,2405.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Enormous difference, that's all from the same original","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2405.77,2408.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"animal, if you like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2408.94,2410.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this was done by inbreeding and selection,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2410.35,2413.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but unfortunately in doing so, they just trapped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2413.68,2416.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all those genetic errors that existed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2416.69,2418.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the genetic load, if you like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2418.99,2420.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are all diseases now that exist in these animals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2420.63,2423.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and many of the breeds are plagued by very serious problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2423.23,2427.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, animal genomics offers opportunities to improve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2428.34,2430.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"companion animal health, it also offers the opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2430.87,2434.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because many of these diseases are similar to what we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2434.15,2436.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in humans, that these animals can serve as models","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2436.87,2440.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for human health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2440.38,2443.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have a long list here of both cat and dog diseases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2443.15,2446.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a partial list, this is courtesy of Dr. Leslie Lyons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2446.82,2450.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of California, and Dr. Matthew Ellenwood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2450.45,2454.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of (indistinct), Matthew's here today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2454.06,2456.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're hoping to attract him to come to Iowa State","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2456.27,2458.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"permanently, and I thank you Matthew, for your help on this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2458.27,2462.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, there are a large number of these diseases that we could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2462.43,2465.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be studying and in fact, one of the examples is one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2465.49,2468.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Matthew has kindly shared with me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2468.13,2471.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is a human mucopolysaccharide disease.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2471.09,2474.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In humans, it's a central nervous condition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2474.88,2478.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a lysozyme storage disease.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2478.03,2480.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's involved with- it stops normal development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2480.31,2484.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After a few years it's followed by profound","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2484.64,2487.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mental deterioration and behavioral difficulties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2487.01,2490.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of course, shortened lifespan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2490.04,2491.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The dog, in this case, the Schipperke, and I hope","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2493.08,2495.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're gonna have a whole group of these here at Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2495.37,2498.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this serves as an excellent model to study this disorder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2498.71,2503.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to study ways to treat this disorder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2503.33,2505.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we can use the dog here, because it has the same disease,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2505.71,2509.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can study that, look at the genetic differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2509.64,2511.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look to develop therapies that can eventually be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2511.94,2515.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in humans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2515.14,2516.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is extremely exciting, and there are many","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2516.1,2518.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"animal models out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2518.51,2519.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In my laboratory we're working on looking for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2519.68,2522.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a genetic cause for cruciate ligament disorder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2522.44,2525.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is important in some breeds of dogs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2525.09,2527.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there are lots of dog models out there that have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2527.69,2530.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"application in to humans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2530.36,2532.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in doing so, I want to talk now about human health,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2533.76,2537.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give the third example of why animal genomics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2537.1,2540.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2540.83,2541.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I use human health, and here's a cover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2541.663,2543.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Science Magazine, and unfortunately you probably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2543.5,2545.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can't see the parts of the puzzle what's written on this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2545.81,2548.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cover but it says, diet genes, viruses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2548.61,2551.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then it has other environmental things like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2551.59,2553.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"smoking, pollution, so these all play some 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genetics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2558.33,2561.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, we can think of using animal genetics and genomics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2561.09,2564.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to look at human health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2564.7,2566.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And to do that, again, we're going to fall back on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2566.67,2569.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I think is just the greatest thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2569.78,2571.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's comparative approaches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2571.407,2573.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so in the center of this diagram, you can see a 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traits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2596.98,2599.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then use that information to look at functional genomics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2599.86,2603.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and use it to predict therapies for humans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2603.41,2606.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In humans we can do association studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2606.95,2609.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you have a certain genetic 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animals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2613.09,2616.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can set up breeding experiments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2616.81,2618.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like the one I showed you earlier, and we can breed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2618.33,2620.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those animals, it's a little tough to set up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2620.71,2622.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"breeding experiments in humans, but we can 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AIDS.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2639.475,2643.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's pretty well known that there's over 20 million deaths","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2643.12,2646.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last 20 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AIDS.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2691.96,2695.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so she's working with a disease called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2695.98,2697.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Equine Infectious Anemia Virus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2697.9,2700.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's reportable, the USDA regulates the disease-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2700.41,2703.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's regulated disease of horses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2703.04,2705.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's genetically and antigenically related to HIV.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2705.66,2709.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can use genomic tools to investigate it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2709.28,2712.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's what she's doing, she and her students are doing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2712.03,2714.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the role of genetic variation and virus persistence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2714.46,2717.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be studied, and immune evasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2717.15,2719.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we can look at genetic differences in the horse,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2719.23,2721.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we could see how that affects these things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2721.94,2723.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and eventually what she hopes to do with her work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2723.89,2726.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the work of others in this area, is to improve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2726.8,2728.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strategies for antiviral therapies and for vaccine design.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2728.96,2732.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, animals serve as models for human health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2732.86,2735.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I keep coming back to this obesity thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2736.91,2739.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe because as one of my colleagues told me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2739.59,2741.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Max you're always on a diet, and he was right I am,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2741.7,2745.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just forget to pay attention to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2745.08,2747.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most Americans, I don't know if you've been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2748.93,2751.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"watching lately, but there's a rather damaging commercial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2751.9,2755.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against lawyers, almost on every night now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2755.39,2758.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that talks about where the lawyer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2758.19,2760.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has this poor young lady from the Girl Scouts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2760.209,2762.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on trial for selling cookies, and he's accusing her","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2762.37,2765.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of creating obesity problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2765.79,2767.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, obesity certainly is associated with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2767.37,2769.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environmental factors, like cookies and other things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2769.44,2772.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we probably shouldn't eat, but it's also associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2772.56,2775.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with different genetics, and we can look all around the room","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2775.47,2778.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can see different people and we can make assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2778.49,2781.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that some of it is genetic, and that's true some might be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2781.33,2784.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also some of it is environmental.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2784.26,2786.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Animal models can help us pull those things apart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2786.63,2790.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, if you look down on...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=2790.01,2792.96"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28559/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/559/original/AV204819_From_a_Sows_Ear_to_a_Silk_Purse_a.vtt?1622671849","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/559/original/AV204819_From_a_Sows_Ear_to_a_Silk_Purse_a.vtt?1622671849"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28560","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204819_From_a_Sows_Ear_to_a_Silk_Purse_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465/transcript/28560/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Pres. Joffrey] Good evening. Pleased to welcome all of you tonight to the first Presidential University Lecture. And I hope you had a chance to visit with the posters, the students and their poster exhibit. These students are from the College of Veterinary Medicine in the Department of Animal Science, and their work is on animal and microbial genomics, the theme of tonight's lecture. We have an exceptional speaker to begin this lecture series, distinguished professor, Max Rothschild, one of the world's top scholars in animal genomics, and Provost Ben Allen will introduce Professor Rothschild in a moment. This is a new lecture series which we have created to showcase Iowa State's excellent faculty, but also to enrich and stimulate the intellectual environment for members of the university and surrounding communities. Iowa State truly has outstanding faculty, who are world leaders in their disciplines, who are making breakthrough discoveries and who are recognized around the world for their excellence, and for their contributions to the advancement of knowledge. But, as it often happens, that faculty excellence sometimes is not well recognized in their own backyard, their home university, their home community. So, one of the purposes of this lecture series is to showcase our outstanding faculty members. The other, as I said, is to enrich the intellectual life by having lectures on exciting topics that are at the frontiers of discovery, and the lecture is aimed at a general audience, and not too technical. The speakers for this lecture series, and we'll probably have one a semester, and depending on how it succeeds, maybe move to two a semester, will be those Iowa State University faculty, who are working at the cutting edge of their fields, who are leading the breakthroughs on exciting topics, and who are skilled at translating the technicalities of their work into a lecture for a general audience. We hope that these lectures will stimulate discussion on a variety of scientific, academic and societal issues, and will enhance the learning environment for all of us. This lecture series is supported by the Miller Endowment, a fund established through the generosity of the late F. Windel Miller, for the express purpose of enhancing our learning environment. I also want to thank the university committee on lectures funded by the government of the student body, and appreciate the work of Pat Miller and everyone on the committee. And finally, I want to thank the members of the Agriculture Student Council, who helped host this evening. Again, thanks to all of you for coming, and now I'd like to ask Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost Ben Allen, to introduce tonight's speaker.\r\n\r\n- [Ben Allen] Good evening. It is indeed a pleasure to have the task to introduce the speaker at the first Presidential University lecture, Dr. Max Rothschild, Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor of Agriculture, and Professor of Animal Science. I can think of no better person to serve as the inaugural lecturer in this new lecture series. Professor Rothschild is an internationally recognized leader in animal genetics, whose research has been directed towards identifying genes, controlling traits of great economic importance in the pig. He has made significant contributions in research areas of gene mapping, identification of genes controlling growth, reproduction, and even genetics of swine and some physical methods to evaluate animals. He has presented papers in over 30 countries and has more than 195 refereed publications, and many more non-refereed publications. His state and national awards, and appointments to national societies and editorial boards are too numerous to mention. I was going to try to do that, but I would eat up too much of your time. But I do want to note that he is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. But what sets Max apart, I think for many, is how passionate he is about the role that faculty can play in a land-grant University, in serving the State and nation. His educational pedigree reflects his land-grant background and passion. He earned his BS degree in Animal Science from the University of California Davis, his Master's degree from University of Wisconsin Madison, and his PhD from Cornell University. In fact Iowa State was able to recruit him I think, about 1980 from the University of Maryland also another land-grant university, where we also tend to recruit presidents. His research and outreach directly impacts the economic development of the State of Iowa. He's a dedicated teacher of undergraduate courses, and a mentor to PhD students, master students and postdoctoral students, but also a mentor to many, many other faculty in his department and other departments. He's also an academic entrepreneur. He, along with Professor Susan Carpenter created the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, which was selected as a new presidential initiative here at Iowa State. He now serves as co-director of that center with Professor Carpenter. He is a world class scientist with a commitment and vision of how his research can be of value to society and to the economy. He was, in 2002, Iowa Inventor of the year. He has received two R\u0026D awards from the R\u0026D magazine, which honors the nation's top Technological Production Innovations. I could go on, but I think you're getting the picture. The University Lecture Series was designed as , to highlight faculty actions, and learning, discovery and engagement. Professor Rothschild was the logical choice to begin this lecture series. It is my pleasure to introduce the person who has contributed so much, not only to Iowa State University, but to the State and the nation through his research and teaching engagement, Professor Rothschild.\r\n\r\n- [Prof. Max Rothschild] Good evening, President Joffrey, Provost Allen, our fellow faculty, staff and students, ladies and gentlemen. I want to first thank the President for your kind invitation to speak tonight as a presidential lecturer, and for the honor, it's quite an honor, and I'm sure many faculty are at least this deserving or more deserving than I am of this award. So, I hope when I continue speaking tonight you think I still deserve it.\r\n\r\n- Also thank Provost Allen for your kind remarks. I've always enjoyed my years here at Iowa State, and hope tonight to talk a little bit about some of the things that I've done, and some of the things that we're engaged in. I'm going to speak tonight, ladies and gentlemen, about the subject of genetics. And if anybody knows me very well, they know I've been interested in this subject since I was a child, almost 45 years now. I'll be speaking, hopefully, to all of you tonight. I know there's a hip... Hip twist across the way here, if you want to be put to sleep you can stay here and then go over there. In any case, I'm going to speak, hopefully, about genetics and I'm going to do it at a level that I hope will address everybody's interest tonight. So laypersons, faculty, students, and hopefully you will all get something out of the of the talk tonight. I'm going to talk about the role of animal genetics and how it affects all of our lives, not just people that work with livestock. And I wanna make that very clear, this is well beyond work with livestock. It involves all areas of animal and comparative genetics and genomics. And in discussing this, I'm going to talk about the promise that's available to all of us. And this fits in with my title, which obviously, is the reverse of a 16th century proverb that said, \"You could make a silk purse out of a sow's ear,\" I'm going to make the case, I hope, tonight that in fact, you can make a silk purse out of a sow ear, and using genomics to do that. So I want to start off first, I don't have a really good feel for what everyone's background is in genetics, and so the easiest way to do that is to start, kind of, with a baseline slide defining genetics, and hopefully, we're all at this level. Here's this poor dog saying to the cat, \"It's genetic, my father was a dog, I'm a dog.\" So, this is the baseline that I think most people understand about genetics. They understand the differences between species and understand that that's under genetic control. Now, obviously we have to go a little beyond that point tonight, and hopefully I won't lose anybody in the process. I want to remind all of you that if you've taken a biology class sometime in the last 30 years that all of this should be familiar to you. In fact, perhaps in the last 40 years. All bodies are made up of cells, and the genetic material in these cells are chromosomes, and the genetic material of course is DNA. And we know that DNA leads to amino acids and those amino acids lead to proteins, and this is, in a rough sense, the basis for the entire talk. But what's of interest is not that DNA leads eventually to proteins, but that differences in DNA changes the traits of interest, and has large effects on the things we do, and the things we eat, and our health and all kinds of things. So we'll get into that tonight. So, let me start with some simple definitions of genetics. First, it's the science of heredity, I think everybody knows that. It involves the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. We know that genetics involves the interactions of genes with each other and with the environment to produce phenotypes, or what we see, the different traits. So for someone like myself, genetics controls my brown eyes, my lack of hair, my height, my weight and so on. And these are very simple definitions of genetics. Now, more recently, the field of genomics has come about and very simply put, genomics is the science of sequencing data. So this involves all the new techniques that are involved with new gene- the discovery of new genes, of genetic mapping, of new genetic technologies and there's too many to mention tonight, but certainly things like bioinformatics, informatics it involves gene regulation, genome expression, and as the array at the corner shows, it involves all the new technologies involved with arrays and gene chips. So, just basically we've talked about genetics and genomics and this is some background for you. I think everybody in science, I was speaking to the students now, I think everybody in science should have some heroes. And I had some scientific heroes, and they are all involved in some form of genetics and on your far left, this gentleman on the horse, is Robert Bakewell. Robert Bakewell lived in the 1700s, in England. He was considered to be one of the master breeders. Almost all modern sheep and cattle breeds could derive from some of the work that he did, in terms of selection and inbreed, and he created these breeds that we all now see just driving around here in Iowa or any of the other States. I hope most of you who've taken a genetics class will recognize the second individual from the left, in the top row. That's Mendel. He was a monk, and he was the first plant breeder, and I'm glad to see that Steve's here tonight to represent the Plant Science Institute, but this is the original plant breeder and he did his work with a garden of peas. The third individual might not be very familiar to people, he's sometimes forgotten in the history books, but Oswald Avery proved that DNA was the transforming principle involved in inheritance. And then the picture on the far right, in the upper row is perhaps the most famous of Watson and Crick looking at the structure of DNA. Now, I would ask people that call themselves geneticists in the crowd, to tell me if they all know the bottom three figures. I would hope you would. The first on the far left is Sir Ronald Fisher, who the F-test is named for and who was one of the three pillars of modern animal- modern genetics. The middle person is Dr Sewall Wright, and the third person on the far right, was Jay Lush. All three of those individuals met on occasion, here at Iowa State, and helped shape animal genetics and helped to make animal genetics what it is at Iowa State, but also all around the world. Nearly everyone trained in animal breeding and genetics, for a 40 year period, either came from Lush or one of his students. So, since we like to think about pedigrees in this area, Lush was in almost everyone's pedigree. And in fact, I would be called the double grandson of Lush because both of my major professors were Lush students. All right, well I want to move on now and talk first about the first part of my talk is going to be about livestock genetics. And I want to make a very clear case tonight that animals play an incredibly important role throughout the world, and I'm gonna start in- first in the developing world. And I wanna make the point that a single animal, a single cow, in many countries in the world means the difference between economic survival and death. Because these animals produce not only meat and milk and fiber, but they produce a calf that's sold and economic return comes from that. And there are many programs out there now to, in fact, give money primarily to women in these countries because the men seem to waste it, and the women buy livestock, raise the livestock, take care of it, and generate income for their families. So animals play an incredible role in these countries, and therefore anything we can do to improve livestock genetic- We can make livestock improvement through genetics is extremely important. We hear a lot about people don't need to eat so much meat, I'll come back to that a little later, it's not whether we need to eat meat or not, I'm not gonna argue that, that's not the point here. The point is that in both the developed world and in the developing world, there's an enormous demand for meat. And if you look at these numbers here, and you look in the developed, there's somewhere in the neighborhood there of about a 15% increase is suggested from 1997 to the year 2020. And that comes about partly from population growth but in the developed world, we're not gonna have a large population growth, we're gonna have a modest population growth, but it also comes about from the fact that people, as their incomes go up, they want meat. In the developing world this is even more clear. And so if we look in China or Asia, or Latin America, we're gonna see large increases, partly due to the fact that population growth is growing so rapidly, but also because as incomes go up, there's a demand for meat. So, if we think about the fact- this fact, we have to come to grips with the fact that how we're gonna produce more meat, more efficiently to feed people. You can make a lot of arguments that you shouldn't be eating meat, I won't make those tonight, but the actual fact is, there's a demand out there, and we need to do something to meet that demand. Now, I'm gonna sum it up and I'm gonna talk about these three points tonight. How do we improve the production of meat, milk and fiber, while minimizing environmental impacts. That's an extremely important problem here in Iowa, and in the developed world. How do we reduce animal disease and improve animal welfare. And finally, how do we use animals as models, not only to improve animal health, but also to improve human health. And I hope I'll touch on these points tonight. These are our challenges for animal genomics research. One of the things I'm gonna do tonight is to try and illustrate some of my points by using covers of magazines that I found. And the point I'm gonna make is, how do we get this done. And I think this National Geographic cover tells it very well. We can employ modern methods of molecular biology and molecular genetics to unlock the secrets of the animal genome, and we can do this by finding the secrets of the genes. So if you go back to that building block, we just have to discover what that DNA is all about, and I'll give some examples of that. So, for those of you who've often looked at a person or an animal, and think of them as the black box if you like, and ask the question, \"I wonder what they are genetically?\" What we're doing and what we can do with molecular genetics that we couldn't do with quantitative genetics or genetics in any sense, some 30 years ago, is we can take that black box and we can open it up and look inside, and look at the DNA and determine how many genes there are, what are the size of the gene effects, and which genes are most important. So, I'm gonna make some examples tonight of how we've unlocked that and looked inside that black box. A lot of people ask how difficult is it to find a gene. And so I'm going to try, by analogy here, to show you how difficult it is to find the gene. And if you think of the earth, as I have in this example as the entire genome, then a chromosome, of which we all have different number- Not all of us here, I hope, don't have different numbers. Might be some trisomy in the crowd but I hope not. Different species have different numbers of chromosomes. We can think of a chromosome as, for instance, a country. The general location of the gene as a State and in this case, Iowa, the gene itself might be a city within the State, and the actual mutation causing the trait difference is actually a single address or a house in the city, in a State, in a country, on the earth. So, that's the analogy of how difficult it might be to find genes. Now, it used to be the proverbial needle in the haystack. But now we have tools that make this at least reasonable, and certainly in many cases we can find those genes, not all of them, but many of the cases. Well, how do we get started? And what you see here on your far right, is evidence of a comparative genetic map, these are chromosomes here, there's a P-chromosome 1, and there are a number of human chromosomes that line up, big portions of those chromosomes line up with the P-chromosome, they have the same genes. Not necessarily in the exact same order, but chunks of them are very similar, and it's this comparative nature that we can make use of, and I'll come back to that. But first, we have to have genes and markers just like you have to have street addresses, you can't find anything without street addresses. And then from those you develop maps, and they're not much different, a linkage map, a genetic linkage map is not much different than unfolding a map of Iowa. There's roads, there's exit signs, or anonymous markers are just like the mileage markers on the road, these are similar in gene maps. We have to create trait maps, it's important to know for instance, that in chromosome 1... Wait till I get the pointer here, right up here there's a very important gene that affects litter size, that's a trait map. Now, first I have to map the region, and then I can actually map the gene and I do that with what's called fine mapping. And eventually what I do is, I develop a trait test some way to take DNA from an animal, may be nothing more than pulling a hair out and getting the hair root and using that DNA, getting the DNA from the hair root, determining whether the pig, or the cow, or the chicken or the dog has the favorable form of the gene and selecting that animal. I want to make a point here, you hear a lot nowadays, about genetically modified organisms, none of what I'm talking about today is genetic modification. It's use of traditional methods of selection, using genes that myself and others have discovered. Now, if we look at the estimated gene maps that exist in the different species, in the pig we have about 5 000 genetic markers. My colleague Chris Doug and I are responsible for a large number of them. Certainly in the early map when there were only just over 1 000, we had put on well over 100 of those markers. Now, they're kind of flying on the map a lot faster. But in the cow about 5 000, in other species somewhat less. If you compare that to the human map, in which there's a complete sequence, of course, that's all 35,000 genes, and then there's about 100,000 markers that are available for linkage work. Now, there are several ways to find the genes and that would be a lecture in itself, and I'm not planning to do that, it's more technical than anyone needs. I'm going to make a case, I hope, today to try and explain two methods, and I'm explaining these two because these are two that I've used in my laboratory, but also because I think they appeal to people. I think of us can understand rather easily what they're about. In the first is what's called a candidate gene search, and the second is called the genome scan project, you can think of that as a pedigree analysis. And there are other methods, certainly some of the more elegant new ones involve expression studies, and many faculty on this campus are doing that thanks to some great efforts of putting up Expression laboratory that's in the new building that the Plant Science Institute houses, so there's certainly some very nice facilities available to do that type of work. I want to start with candidate genes, and here I've taken a cover from Scientific American, and if you can read that- if you can't read that in the back it says, \"Muscles in Genes\". Candidate genes, by definition, are those believed to be involved in a physiological process. And I'll give an example, if I tell you growth hormone gene, the first thing you would think about is that it's involved with growth hormone, and hence it ought to be involved in growth. So that's a biological candidate gene. That's the easiest one I could mention. I'll give you a couple more in a few minutes. The second type of candidate genes are what we call mutational candidates. People have been doing animal breeding and genetics work with laboratory animals, since the early 1900s, and with and other species. And this work has revealed a large number of mutations. We now know where those mutations reside in certain genes, and we can ask the question, \"Does a mutation in the mouse, for a particular gene, is there a similar mutation in the pig, or the cow or the dog, that would then predict a function of that gene?\" and that's a mutational candidate. And then finally, once we do some mapping we can do what- we can find what's called comparative positional candidates, and that goes back to that slide that I showed you earlier that parts of the human chromosomes line up with other species. So I'm going to, today, give some examples of these candidate genes and hopefully you'll see what I'm talking about. And I want to first talk about estrogen, I see there's a large number of women in the crowd. Of course, you'll all know what estrogen is, and hopefully all the men in the audience know what estrogen does also. This is a cover from Time from a few years ago, but the bottom here says, \"Every Woman's Dilemma.\" So, estrogen is the primary female hormone for mammals, it's involved in all reproductive functions, embryo survival fetal development, fertility, secondary sexual characteristics, it's extremely important. Now I know you're thinking, \"He's gonna say he looked at the estrogen gene.\" No, that's not the case, what I was interested in, in fact, was the estrogen receptor gene. And I got this idea from speaking with Carol Jacobson who used to be on the faculty in Veterinary Medicine, and I got this idea about pathways and trying to choose a point in which genes would be more crucial. And I hypothesized, and our lab has made use of this over time, that in fact, receptors which catch the hormones essentially, you could think of them as a catcher's glove, the hormone comes along, they bind with the receptor, that the receptors, if there's genetic differences in the receptors, they would be extremely important. And at that time we didn't have the pig gene, we used the human estrogen receptor gene. We used some pretty old fashioned methods, and we pulled out the genetic difference in the pig, and we in fact, got this- we've now made a PCR-RFLP test, and this is the first one I'm gonna show you, so I'm just gonna take a minute so everybody sees what these tests look like. As you can see there is the possibility of three bands, these are genotypes. If you have just the upper band, this could be called a 1-1 or an AA. In this case we called it AA, we've modernized things. We now use numbers instead of letters. If you see just the lower two bands right there, that's an animal, that's BB. And then if you see an animal like this one right here in the center, that has three bands, that's an AB. So, this is how we can genotype animals rather quickly with what's called a PCR test. And when we did this with Chinese pigs, we immediately saw a large difference for litter size. I have to admit, we were incredibly lucky. And we did this by looking at Chinese pigs, and this is one of the other things that I wanted to bring up to students. It's not enough to have a good idea, you have to have good subjects. And, I don't know how many people around here know what a pig looks like, they aren't used to seeing Chinese sow's very often. This is Meishan sow from Mainland China, and thanks to the Iowa Pork Producers in the State of Iowa and the Experiment Station and a whole host of people, we were able to get money, go to China in 1989 and import these animals here. Now, why import these animals? Well the average US pig has anywhere from 10 to 12 piglets every time she has a litter, the Chinese sow's have an average of two to four more pigs per litter. But on occasion, they have anywhere from 30 to 45 pigs per litter. Now, that's a lot of piglets. That's four times the mean, if you like. And with that we raised the question, \"Is there a genetic difference here?\" Of course we assume there must be, and so we took that estrogen receptor gene and we looked in Chinese pigs, and what we found, and this is one of the few tables that I have in my talk tonight, but if you look at the three genotypes AA, AB and BB, and this is first litter of first parody, total number of pigs born and number born alive. If you compare the AA's with the BB's, you'll see that it's about 2.3 pigs more per litter, or over 20% of the mean increase from one genotype. Now the first time I saw this I thought, boy, this is too good to be true, because we only looked at something like 19 pigs, and then I went and I got another big set like this and it kept repeating and repeating. Always over two pigs per litter between the genotypes. Now, if you think back to that Chinese pig, she's not very good for a lot of other things. She doesn't grow fast, she's pretty fat, she's not pretty, not very productive. So we asked the question, does this genotype exist in domestic pigs? And, in fact, it does. The differences are not as great, this is for over 5 000 commercial animals that were tested. The previous work was from a paper in PNAS, and this is from some work in Animal Science, but the difference now is only about almost nine tenths of a pig, per litter. So, this points to two important things. One, the effect of the estrogen receptor gene is still significant, it's a large difference. We don't want a lotta extra pigs, we just want a few more pigs. So, on average, about eight tenths of a pig per litter is quite good. The second thing it points out to is that one gene functions differently in different genetic backgrounds. And speaking to the students now, I would say the whole field of genetics is wide open to study gene interaction. This is gonna be the most exciting area in the future. And certainly, if you look at some of these different gene effects and different backgrounds, it's very exciting. If you look at number born alive, the effect is about the same. Now, I wrote here in red to get the message across. If I just normally select the best females, the daughters from the best females to produce the next litter, and so on and so forth, I'm not gonna do a very good job because it's not very heritable. But if I use this genetic test, I can make five times the progress that I could have by standard selection methods. So one genetic test, five times as greater progress. And I think this revolutionizes how we think about using- how we think about genetics and improving litter size. It has an added benefit. I could never select males for litter size, they don't produce litters, but now I can go in and genotype the boars, the males, and I can choose those that have the right genotype because they'll produce the daughters that are so useful in my herd. This was a pretty big finding from my laboratory, and it was commercialized. It's used by Pig Improvement Company, and they're now selling it worldwide. And in fact, even though there were some problems early on with some exclusivity, they're in fact now trying to sell it worldwide to as many different customers as possible, and that's moving forward. So, this is something about one candidate gene and this is a biological candidate. I now want to talk about a rotational candidate, and I hope you can see, maybe the people on my right can't as well but there's two mice in this picture, not one rat and one mouse, and that one mouse wasn't stepped on to make him look twice as big. In fact, he just has an eating disorder, and he has an eating disorder because he has a mutation in his gene called MC4R, a Melanocortin 4 receptor. This receptor resides in the brain, it's one and the gene that codes for it, the receptor tells the animal, eat, don't eat. So, it's extremely important. It's in the leptin pathway, many people have heard a lot about leptin and obesity. Now I had a very bright graduate student, Kwanso Kim, who was working in this area. He was quite interested in obesity and fatness in pigs. He saw this work and he said very simply, I wonder if there is a mutation in the pig, obviously not one that doubles the size of the pig, but has some difference that's statistically important and biologically important. And so, in fact we looked at this pig and he immediately found a mutation, in a very well conserved area, and now after some very tough work we now show that this is a functional mutation. It's in the seventh trans domain, and you can see the different genotypes here, for those people on the right side of the screen, you can see that, but it's very easy to genotype. And if I compare the animals, the lean genotype with the fast growing fat genotype, the lean ones have 1 mm less back fat, that's significant. They eat 0,17 kg of feed per day less, they're more feed efficient, in other words they convert the feed to lean, instead of fat. They, in fact, take a few more days to market, that's a negative, there's no doubt about that. But they do it more efficiently, so it's not a big problem. And this benefits the producer because it produces a leaner carcass, uses less feed, it benefits the consumer because it produces a leaner product. And we can go a step further, I said that we need to be selecting and doing work that improves the efficiency. Well, most of the time when we improve growth rate or feed intake, we're just changing appetite, and that's what we're doing here. But if we choose the right genotype, the animal eats less, uses it better and produces, as you might guess, less waste. And I think most of us have driven someplace in Iowa and smelled pigs on occasion, and even though everyone tells us that's the smell of money, sometimes we don't think money smells that well. So this is an example, in fact, of a gene in which, if you use the one genotype, it produce less waste. In fact, in a sires lifetime, a sire that might be used in AI, he might have 6,000 progeny, they'll use 28 tons less feed, and produce 33 000 less gallons of manure. So, it has a real benefit to the environment. And if you think about per 10,000 sow's, you could be talking in a neighborhood of over a million gallons, fewer gallons, of manure that are produced. So, this is the type of genes that we're interested in finding, those that improve not only work for the producer, but also for the consumer. I've talked a lot about things related to producers, now I wanna talk about what we eat, because I'm in the business of livestock genetics and we produce animals for food, and this poor fellow is a little bit like myself, except he has a full head of hair, and he's asking all these questions, is the food safe, is it the right kind of cholesterol for me, should I be on the Atkins diet? I'd ask how many of you are on that? How many of you have tried the Atkins diet? Nobody? I have, I'll be honest about it, it works. And now everybody who's in, is in the South Beach diet you gave up on Atkins and you're doing South Beach now, and if you don't believe any of that, you say high carbs, low protein. So we all think about that, but when it's all said and done, we want to eat food that tastes good. And this is a quote from Betsy Holden from Kraft Foods, \"Americans, apparently in the modern age, want two things. They want it on the table quick and they want it to taste good. And now they're starting to worry about whether it's healthy.\" Well, I'm not gonna argue this diet thing 'cause we have certainly done our share of the right thing in pig production, pigs are incredibly leaner, a lot less fat than they used to be. But in doing so, we lost some of the taste. And now, at least in my lab and other laboratories around the world, people are looking at genes that improve meat quality. And, meat quality is just nothing more than looking at muscle and making sure after the animal is sacrificed, that the muscle changes to meat in a way that the meat is tasty and tender, and these are all associated with a lot of biochemical properties. So I'm not gonna go into that, I'm not a meat scientist or a biochemist, but my lab group is quite interested in finding genes that affect meat quality. And to do that we've done what's called a genome scan. Now I show you this, I hope the diagrams not too confusing, but I want you to think for a second of what you've heard in your own families. If you sit and you listen to your mother or your father or your grandparent, they might say, well you got those brown eyes through your father and so on, and what they've done is the same thing that we've done, they've traced in your own families traits that have been inherited across generations. So as animal breeders, and in this case pigs, we were able to set up, and this is a project that Jack Deckers and I and a number of other faculty in the department worked on, we set up a large three generation family by crossing Berkshire pigs with Yorkshire pigs on the far end and creating first the grand parental, then the parental, and then the grand offspring. And we followed the traits, which ones were the fattest were those correlated with different genetic markers. So we put genetic markers all across the genome, and this is what's called the genome scan. And in doing so we created this, what we call a trait map, now I don't expect you to read all this. What you should get out of that is that, this is a cartoon, each one of these numbers here represent one of the pigs chromosomes, and in the case of the pig they have 18 autosomes and sex chromosome. And, in fact, each one of these cross hatches represents where we believe a trait for growth or meat quality or back fat exists. And that's just a region, we don't know the exact gene itself. So, the first thing we have to do is find the genes, and that's a long process, too long for this discussion tonight, but in fact I circled two areas that one of my postdocs worked on, one on chromosome two associated with tenderness, and one on chromosome 15 associated with pH. The pH, or the acidity of the meat affects the water holding capacity, affects the tenderness and affects the eating quality. And Dan Trabano, who left my lab just last year, who did a fantastic job, discovered actually the causative mutations in two genes, PRKA gamma three and as it's known. And these affected pH, the acidity of the meat, and affected the moisture that the meat held. So, what was the outcome of this for the consumer here? Well, if you eat pork chops, what it means is the appearance is redder, it has a nicer, more even color it's certainly more tender, it has better aroma, better juiciness, and better flavor. So, this is an example of using molecular genetics to find these genes. And in fact, these two gene tests are also being developed and commercialized just like MC4R and the estrogen receptor. Now, I want to finish up talking about agriculture and its influence and how efficient agriculture gives people richer lives. Now, if you just take that toast off that plate, that would be the perfect Atkins breakfast. Plenty of protein there. And if you wanted 10 million of those, and there are a lot of people on the Atkins diet, I don't know if it's 10 million now, but it would require approximately 5,000 acres of crops to feed those animals. In the 1950s, 50 years ago, those 10 million breakfasts would have taken three times as many acres. So, you hear a lot about agriculture ruining the environment, in fact, modern efficient agriculture, not those people that ruin it for the others, but modern efficient agriculture, improves things. It allows us more land for houses, more land for recreation and in developing countries, it also allows us to prohibit rain forest deforestation. So, these are really some big benefits that are out there. I want to switch subjects now and talk about the middle part of my talk, and I want to talk about companion animals, and I guess if I could get people to raise their hands, everybody seems quite uptight tonight, even more than me. I think most of you, if I asked you if you had a pet, a dog or a cat, I bet two thirds of you would raise your hands, is that right? How many of you have dogs or cats? Great, great. And, you know, dogs and cats were among the first animals domesticated. Chickens and pigs were also among the first animals domesticated. And the different breeds that we have, a lot of people have purebred animals, not everybody but most, and those purebred animals, the breeding was developed over hundreds of years of inbreeding. In other words, mating animals that were related to each other, to get a certain form. And that's why certain dogs of certain breeds, look one way and they look quite different. If you look at the dogs, you can go from Chihuahua, all the way up to the Wolfhounds. Enormous difference, that's all from the same original animal, if you like. And this was done by inbreeding and selection, but unfortunately in doing so, they just trapped all those genetic errors that existed, the genetic load, if you like. And these are all diseases now that exist in these animals, and many of the breeds are plagued by very serious problems. So, animal genomics offers opportunities to improve companion animal health, it also offers the opportunity because many of these diseases are similar to what we have in humans, that these animals can serve as models for human health. And I have a long list here of both cat and dog diseases, it's a partial list, this is courtesy of Dr. Leslie Lyons from the University of California, and Dr. Matthew Ellenwood from the University of , Matthew's here today, we're hoping to attract him to come to Iowa State permanently, and I thank you Matthew, for your help on this. So, there are a large number of these diseases that we could be studying and in fact, one of the examples is one that Matthew has kindly shared with me, and this is a human mucopolysaccharide disease. In humans, it's a central nervous condition. It's a lysozyme storage disease. It's involved with- it stops normal development. After a few years it's followed by profound mental deterioration and behavioral difficulties, and of course, shortened lifespan. The dog, in this case, the Schipperke, and I hope we're gonna have a whole group of these here at Iowa State, this serves as an excellent model to study this disorder, and to study ways to treat this disorder, so we can use the dog here, because it has the same disease, we can study that, look at the genetic differences and look to develop therapies that can eventually be used in humans. And this is extremely exciting, and there are many animal models out there. In my laboratory we're working on looking for a genetic cause for cruciate ligament disorder, which is important in some breeds of dogs. So there are lots of dog models out there that have application in to humans. And in doing so, I want to talk now about human health, to give the third example of why animal genomics is important. And I use human health, and here's a cover from Science Magazine, and unfortunately you probably can't see the parts of the puzzle what's written on this cover but it says, diet genes, viruses, and then it has other environmental things like, smoking, pollution, so these all play some role in human disease. But, at the top there, genetics. So, we can think of using animal genetics and genomics, to look at human health. And to do that, again, we're going to fall back on what I think is just the greatest thing, and that's comparative approaches. And so in the center of this diagram, you can see a cartoon of a human, a mouse and a pig, my favorite, the Chinese pig. And we can use different methods in these different species to unlock some of the differences that we're interested in. In mouse work, we can start to use some of the techniques of mutagenesis to create different mutants, and see how those mutations affect genes and then traits, and then use that information to look at functional genomics and use it to predict therapies for humans. In humans we can do association studies, if you have a certain genetic background or you're more prone to a certain disease, but in pigs, as in other other animals, we can set up breeding experiments, just like the one I showed you earlier, and we can breed those animals, it's a little tough to set up breeding experiments in humans, but we can use breeding experiments in pigs, and we can use those breeding experiments to design ways to unlock the genetic differences. Now, one of the human health problems that I think everybody's heard about, that in fact has an animal model, is the problem of HIV and AIDS. It's pretty well known that there's over 20 million deaths in the last 20 years. There's approximately 5 million new infections, just two years ago. Over 14 million orphans worldwide. This is an enormous disruption of education and economic development, and it threatens global security. And if you really think about one continent, Africa, it's incredibly, incredibly devastating. In the developed world, primarily where the expensive therapies are being developed, there's one called HAART, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. This is effective because it reduces the virus load, but there's still reservoirs of the virus persist. Now Susan Carpenter who serves as the co-director for the Center for Integrated Animal Genomics is quite interested in this, and she's been looking at the horse, as an animal model to study AIDS. And so she's working with a disease called Equine Infectious Anemia Virus. It's reportable, the USDA regulates the disease- it's regulated disease of horses. It's genetically and antigenically related to HIV. We can use genomic tools to investigate it, and that's what she's doing, she and her students are doing, and the role of genetic variation and virus persistence can be studied, and immune evasion. So we can look at genetic differences in the horse, and we could see how that affects these things, and eventually what she hopes to do with her work and the work of others in this area, is to improve strategies for antiviral therapies and for vaccine design. So again, animals serve as models for human health. I keep coming back to this obesity thing, maybe because as one of my colleagues told me, Max you're always on a diet, and he was right I am, I just forget to pay attention to it. But most Americans, I don't know if you've been watching lately, but there's a rather damaging commercial against lawyers, almost on every night now, that talks about where the lawyer has this poor young lady from the Girl Scouts on trial for selling cookies, and he's accusing her of creating obesity problems. Well, obesity certainly is associated with environmental factors, like cookies and other things that we probably shouldn't eat, but it's also associated with different genetics, and we can look all around the room and we can see different people and we can make assumptions that some of it is genetic, and that's true some might be, but also some of it is environmental. Animal models can help us pull those things apart. And again, if you look down on...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116465#t=0.0,2799.936"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e From the upper Left corner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=5.06,6.915"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can look at those that affect food intake","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=6.915,10.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a peripheral standpoint","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=10.4,11.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or fat absorption or fat metabolism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=11.92,14.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We now know something about a lot of these genes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=14.61,17.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in fact, in my laboratory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=17.2,18.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a postdoc who's working on looking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=18.77,21.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at diabetes type two candidate genes in the pig to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=21.26,24.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how they affect fat deposition in the pig.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=24.67,28.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, no talk on genomics would be complete","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=29.52,32.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I didn't mention sequencing the human genome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=32.05,34.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here are two covers from nature and 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genome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=41.24,42.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just a couple of things were wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=42.81,44.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Number one, it wasn't finished.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=44.46,45.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was nearly finished.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=45.8,47.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the second is, it wasn't right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=47.42,49.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was nearly right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=49.51,51.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, those things 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effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=54.4,56.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one was a private effort and they all came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=56.01,58.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in well ahead of schedule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=58.21,60.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And from that information,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=61.07,62.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look in your lower right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=62.69,64.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is from genome technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=64.85,66.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost all those human genes or parts of them can be put","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=66.88,70.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what's called, 'a gene chip', and that gene chip","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=70.31,73.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be used to diagnose or genotype all of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=73.32,77.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's incredible technology that's out there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=77.7,80.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the problem is, is that when that hit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=80.39,82.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the newsstands, people said, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=82.76,84.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I can explain all the traits now about people.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=84.787,87.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, I have this cartoon here to try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=87.39,90.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and describe what most of the common people thought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=90.32,93.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can look up here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=93.66,95.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was really hoping somebody's cell phone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=95.21,97.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would go off tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=97.93,98.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I could say there's the guy with the genetics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=98.78,100.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the inability to find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=100.92,102.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the off button on the cell phone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=102.25,104.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I admire you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=104.51,105.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You almost don't have that gene.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=105.79,108.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My, I don't know where my daughter got it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=108.19,110.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I know for a fact that she has the gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=110.24,112.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for willingness to spend $3.75 for a cup of coffee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=112.0,114.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even when she has no money, so that's one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=114.83,117.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, I'll bet there are a lot of you out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=117.55,118.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there that have the urge to purchase an SUV","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=118.844,121.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then complain about the gas prices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=121.07,123.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't want to ruin your thought here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=123.51,125.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but those genes we probably won't know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=125.7,129.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we will know, we will know a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=129.4,132.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of genes associated with behavior,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=132.39,134.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and, but this is it's going to take awhile.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=134.73,136.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly knowing the human code","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=136.83,139.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is just the starting point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=139.6,141.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what we're going to do in this case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=142.21,144.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're going to take some of the old","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=144.0,147.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or central dogma that around the gene leads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=147.083,150.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a transcript that leads to a protein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=150.32,152.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're going to use new technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=152.69,154.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genome sequencing, which I've already 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proteomics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=159.4,163.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"protein quantification, and function.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=163.35,165.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're going to test new 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interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=227.85,229.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the things that I'm going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=229.63,230.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to start campaigning for, I hope pretty effectively,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=230.98,234.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm glad to see Richard Dagger here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=234.71,236.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because Rich I'm expecting some 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effort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=241.76,244.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you might say, wow, that's a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=244.3,245.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well about 20 million has already been pretty much 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Funds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=255.58,257.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Iowa Pork Producers and others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=257.88,260.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Iowa can make a contribution to this sequencing 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things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=268.92,269.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I was in the UK this fall and just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=271.56,274.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to commemorate the 50 years since the discovery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=274.8,277.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the structure of DNA, they have a series of five stamps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=277.65,280.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is one of them, shows these scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=280.78,284.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's not me in the far right there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=284.34,286.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It shows the scientists putting together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=287.5,290.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pieces to a puzzle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=290.06,291.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're just about the finish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=291.75,292.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's really only the first piece of a bigger puzzle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=292.92,295.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this says, it's really the end of the beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=295.8,298.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's where we're at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=298.85,300.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what does this mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=300.2,301.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for us as humans and human health?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=301.54,303.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's a beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=303.86,305.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can now go to the doctor and you could say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=305.75,310.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, my, if you're unfortunate 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cancer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=313.18,315.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can I be genetically tested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=315.51,317.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the possibility that I have the 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probability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=323.38,325.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of having familial breast cancer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=325.06,327.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those tests now 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treatment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=332.31,334.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I could take that gene chip.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=334.44,337.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can test people and I can 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first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=347.74,349.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then I can tell you what the prescription will be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=349.84,352.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's where we're 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issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=361.46,363.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's really a threat to humans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=363.84,365.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to us as persons and that threat is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=365.82,369.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it might be discovered that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=369.58,370.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have some susceptibility to disease.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=370.68,373.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the first thing we think is I don't want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=373.41,374.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the insurance company to know 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pass","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=386.39,387.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it in the next few months.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=387.91,389.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is extremely 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about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=393.58,394.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the cost of health insurance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=394.91,396.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whether your insurability will exist in the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=396.45,399.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need to convince our congressmen to approve this bill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=399.55,403.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This will help protect us in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=403.78,406.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it is a beginning, but as the science cover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=406.05,408.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from just two weeks ago says, this is genomic medicine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=408.98,412.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're really moving ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=412.76,414.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, where are we moving ahead at Iowa state?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=415.52,418.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both the President and the provost mentioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=418.61,421.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the new initiative called CYA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=421.33,422.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to publicly on behalf of Susan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=422.67,425.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and myself, thank President Geoffrey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=425.497,427.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and provost Allen and especially Dean Loteki","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=427.99,430.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who has also helped to commit money to 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biotech.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=434.88,436.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This new initiative is to address issues related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=436.84,440.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to animal genomics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=440.27,441.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's far, it ranges widely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=441.94,444.506"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"way beyond livestock genomics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=444.506,447.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is animal genomics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=447.36,448.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comparative genomics, 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=497.87,499.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we appreciate all the support we received.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=499.06,501.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are over 50 faculty members 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just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=505.66,506.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next few weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=506.87,508.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we encourage your 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myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=510.96,512.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I want to wrap up now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=513.69,515.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I hope I've made at least","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=515.32,516.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a reasonable case tonight that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=516.44,518.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 16th century proverb that said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=518.3,520.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'you can't make a silk purse out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=520.43,521.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a sow's ear is in fact 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research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=525.99,528.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to benefit not only modern agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=528.01,531.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but animal health and wellbeing and human 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state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=536.1,538.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to acknowledge a large number of people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=539.36,541.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm sure I've left somebody off this list of 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present","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=546.94,548.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my laboratory and a large number of collaborators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=548.49,551.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from all around the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=551.82,552.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I want to make a special comment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=552.98,554.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about one person in particular.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=554.54,556.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the great things about Iowa state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=556.62,558.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think are not only are the great students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=558.73,560.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and staff that we have here and the faculty members,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=560.62,563.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's the collegiality that exists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=563.54,566.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I came to Iowa state in 1980,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=566.41,569.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I met a guy by the name, Lauren Christian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=569.71,571.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I had an office next to him and Lauren","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=571.48,573.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was an incredible mentor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=573.22,574.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And without him, I'm sure I wouldn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=574.86,576.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have gotten the start that I did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=576.51,578.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to publicly acknowledge that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=578.09,579.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know Lauren's brother is here tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=579.71,581.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was a great guy and unfortunately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=581.35,584.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he passed away just too early.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=584.61,586.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, thank everybody who's given me some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=587.55,589.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the ideas for the talk, Susan was quite helpful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=589.86,592.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I appreciate that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=592.05,593.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, I want to make a comment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=593.36,595.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you again for the honor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=595.01,596.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be the presidential lecturer tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=596.45,599.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure many people deserved it probably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=599.2,601.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot more than I do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=601.74,602.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I very much appreciate that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=602.59,604.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I very much appreciate the opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=604.74,606.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to work here at Iowa state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=606.57,608.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I just want to say thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=608.12,610.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=610.43,613.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Dr. Rothschild is willing to take a few questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=626.43,628.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have a few to give him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=628.48,630.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, I'll go first with the rest of you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=638.44,641.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"better be better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=641.33,642.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have a wide diverse audience political...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=643.29,646.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly happy I'm going to go home...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=649.19,650.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there must be a gene to direct some people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=650.52,654.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than others to...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=654.36,655.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=657.455,659.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Second thing is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=659.38,660.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wonder if there is a gene that makes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=660.7,664.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or tends to make some people Democrats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=665.097,668.028"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=668.028,670.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And others probably the mutating type...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=670.543,672.838"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=672.838,676.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But, I can actually answer that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=676.285,679.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=679.123,680.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There used to be a journal called,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=680.59,681.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Journal for Irreproducible Results.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=681.99,684.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And many of you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=684.36,685.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're in the sciences know that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=685.209,686.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's really a fun journal to write to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=686.2,687.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I actually do have an article published there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=687.52,689.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's probably one of my most important publications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=689.76,692.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I actually sent in one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=692.8,694.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the genetics of choice of party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=694.17,697.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And unfortunately it was rejected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=697.64,699.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I assume it's because the editor was a Republican.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=699.07,701.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=701.665,704.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=706.98,707.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=714.3,717.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So let me say you did not disappoint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=721.918,724.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I congratulate the president for making","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=724.13,725.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the selection to have you serve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=725.98,727.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the inaugural speaker in this lecture series.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=727.59,730.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I also want to thank each of you for coming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=730.76,733.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hope that you'll be able to attend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=733.71,735.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=735.63,736.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this presidential university lecture series.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=736.5,738.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=738.337,740.074"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28561/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/561/original/AV204819_From_a_Sows_Ear_to_a_Silk_Purse_b.vtt?1622671854","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/561/original/AV204819_From_a_Sows_Ear_to_a_Silk_Purse_b.vtt?1622671854"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28562","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204819_From_a_Sows_Ear_to_a_Silk_Purse_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466/transcript/28562/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- From the upper Left corner, we can look at those that affect food intake from a peripheral standpoint or fat absorption or fat metabolism. We now know something about a lot of these genes. And in fact, in my laboratory, I have a postdoc who's working on looking at diabetes type two candidate genes in the pig to see how they affect fat deposition in the pig. Well, no talk on genomics would be complete if I didn't mention sequencing the human genome. And here are two covers from nature and science that announced the finishing of the sequence of the human genome. Just a couple of things were wrong. Number one, it wasn't finished. It was nearly finished. And the second is, it wasn't right. It was nearly right. Well, those things aside, it's there enormous developments. One of these was the public effort and one was a private effort and they all came in well ahead of schedule. And from that information, if you look in your lower right, this is from genome technology, almost all those human genes or parts of them can be put on what's called, 'a gene chip', and that gene chip can be used to diagnose or genotype all of us. So it's incredible technology that's out there. Now, the problem is, is that when that hit the newsstands, people said, well, \"I can explain all the traits now about people.\" And so, I have this cartoon here to try and describe what most of the common people thought. And you can look up here, and I was really hoping somebody's cell phone would go off tonight, so I could say there's the guy with the genetics, for the inability to find the off button on the cell phone. I admire you. You almost don't have that gene. My, I don't know where my daughter got it, but I know for a fact that she has the gene for willingness to spend $3.75 for a cup of coffee, even when she has no money, so that's one. And of course, I'll bet there are a lot of you out there that have the urge to purchase an SUV and then complain about the gas prices. So I don't want to ruin your thought here, but those genes we probably won't know, but we will know, we will know a number of genes associated with behavior, and, but this is it's going to take awhile. And certainly knowing the human code is just the starting point. Well, what we're going to do in this case, we're going to take some of the old or central dogma that around the gene leads to a transcript that leads to a protein. We're going to use new technologies, genome sequencing, which I've already talked about briefly, transcript profiling, which many faculty are doing on campus, proteomics, protein quantification, and function. And we're going to test new hypotheses. Do these sequences contribute to phenotype differences? Do these transcripts contribute? Are there different proteins that are made? And we're still getting back down to our phenotype. We're going to try and understand why for instance, there are fewer genes than we thought there were, but they make more protein, different proteins and more of them. And this affects the different phenotypes. So, we're really at the beginning. And in fact I'll show you a slide in a moment to kind of make that point. Humans, as I said, we have an excellent, nearly complete genomic sequence for study, we created all these genomic centers and IHD. There's all these people, all this equipment, they need to be doing something, they're starting to sequence rapidly microbes and animals, chicken, cow, dog, honeybee. A number of the plant species have been sequenced, their incredible value, even though the comparative nature of knowing sequences of other related mammals is important. We still need to know the sequence of the species of interest. And one of the things that I'm going to start campaigning for, I hope pretty effectively, I'm glad to see Richard Dagger here because Rich I'm expecting some money from you guys, as we need to raise $50 million for the pig sequencing effort. Now, you might say, wow, that's a lot. Well about 20 million has already been pretty much raised. So we need, this is an international effort to raise $50 million. And I'm hoping later this year to work with people on campus with the Iowa Value Funds, with the Iowa Pork Producers and others, that Iowa can make a contribution to this sequencing effort. It's so important for our agriculture, but it's also important. I hope I've made this point for human health and for other things. Well, I was in the UK this fall and just to commemorate the 50 years since the discovery of the structure of DNA, they have a series of five stamps and this is one of them, shows these scientists and that's not me in the far right there. It shows the scientists putting together the pieces to a puzzle. And they're just about the finish. And it's really only the first piece of a bigger puzzle. And this says, it's really the end of the beginning and that's where we're at. And so what does this mean for us as humans and human health? Well, it's a beginning. You can now go to the doctor and you could say, well, my, if you're unfortunate enough to say that, my family there's been instances of breast cancer, can I be genetically tested for the possibility that I have the mutation in a gene called BRCA1 or BRCA2, that would raise my probability of having familial breast cancer? Those tests now exist. In fact, there's a lot of discussion now about differential drug treatment. So I could take that gene chip. I can test people and I can decide, no, you only get two doses of this. No, you get something else. So we can be thinking of, instead of, you don't go to the doctor and he says, take two aspirin and go to bed. He says, I got to have your genotype first. And then I can tell you what the prescription will be. And that's where we're headed. We're certainly headed towards new vaccines and more effective ones through genotype, through microbial genetics and genomics. And with all of these issues, there's really a threat to humans and to us as persons and that threat is, it might be discovered that we have some susceptibility to disease. So the first thing we think is I don't want the insurance company to know that. Well, there's what's called, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2003. The Senate has passed it, it's before the house, hopefully the house is going to pass it in the next few months. This is extremely important. Any of you that has health insurance, any of you that are worried about the cost of health insurance and whether your insurability will exist in the future, we need to convince our congressmen to approve this bill. This will help protect us in the future. So it is a beginning, but as the science cover from just two weeks ago says, this is genomic medicine. We're really moving ahead. Well, where are we moving ahead at Iowa state? Both the President and the provost mentioned the new initiative called CYA. And I want to publicly on behalf of Susan and myself, thank President Geoffrey and provost Allen and especially Dean Loteki who has also helped to commit money to it. And to, also to a welfare, who's putting some money from biotech. This new initiative is to address issues related to animal genomics. And that's far, it ranges widely, way beyond livestock genomics. This is animal genomics, comparative genomics, bioinformatics are related to animals, to sample all kinds of species. And we're quite excited about it. It builds on the strengths of animal and comparative genetics and genomics and on work in microbial animal and microbial interactions. And certainly the strengths in the bioinformatics and computational biology area. There are lots of potential benefits, of course, improvement of livestock, that's going to be a big one, but human health benefits also, it fits well with other initiatives in particular, the plant science initiative, which has done such a great job. And also the bioinformatics effort that resides within the Plant Science Institute. It's going to hopefully, it'll fit very well with the food safety initiative. And of course we think it's going to enhance economic development in the state, and we're very excited about it. And we appreciate all the support we received. There are over 50 faculty members now. We have a small grants program. That's going to be announced here just in the next few weeks. And we encourage your faculty and students that are interested to contact Susan or myself. Well, I want to wrap up now and I hope I've made at least a reasonable case tonight that the 16th century proverb that said, 'you can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear is in fact wrong.' They can use animal genomics and comparative genomics research to benefit not only modern agriculture, but animal health and wellbeing and human health. And I think there's some very exciting work that's being done here at Iowa state. I want to acknowledge a large number of people, and I'm sure I've left somebody off this list of both my colleagues in animal science, people that are past and present in my laboratory and a large number of collaborators from all around the world. But I want to make a special comment about one person in particular. One of the great things about Iowa state, I think are not only are the great students and staff that we have here and the faculty members, but it's the collegiality that exists. And when I came to Iowa state in 1980, I met a guy by the name, Lauren Christian, and I had an office next to him and Lauren was an incredible mentor. And without him, I'm sure I wouldn't have gotten the start that I did. And I want to publicly acknowledge that I know Lauren's brother is here tonight. And he was a great guy and unfortunately he passed away just too early. Again, thank everybody who's given me some of the ideas for the talk, Susan was quite helpful. And I appreciate that. And again, I want to make a comment. Thank you again for the honor to be the presidential lecturer tonight. I'm sure many people deserved it probably a lot more than I do, but I very much appreciate that. And I very much appreciate the opportunity to work here at Iowa state. And I just want to say thank you.\r\n\r\n- Dr. Rothschild is willing to take a few questions. If you have a few to give him.\r\n\r\n- Okay, I'll go first with the rest of you, better be better. You have a wide diverse audience political... certainly happy I'm going to go home... there must be a gene to direct some people more than others to... Second thing is, I wonder if there is a gene that makes, or tends to make some people Democrats. And others probably the mutating type...\r\n\r\n- But, I can actually answer that question. There used to be a journal called, the Journal for Irreproducible Results. And many of you, if you're in the sciences know that it's really a fun journal to write to. And I actually do have an article published there. It's probably one of my most important publications, but I actually sent in one, on the genetics of choice of party. And unfortunately it was rejected and I assume it's because the editor was a Republican. Other questions.\r\n\r\n- So let me say you did not disappoint. I congratulate the president for making the selection to have you serve as the inaugural speaker in this lecture series. I also want to thank each of you for coming and hope that you'll be able to attend the next lecture in this presidential university lecture series. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43496/file/116466#t=0.0,748.272"}]}]}]}