{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/rv0cv4cj1h/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cohen, Marc J., Taiwan"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Taiwan: Newly Industrializing or Newly Democratizing. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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Cohen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=40.05,41.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see on my right-hand side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=43.42,46.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Marc Cohen is the intelligent young man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=46.44,48.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has been to Taiwan twice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=50.84,53.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who would, you know, sometimes show off his skills","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=53.53,57.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Taiwanese and Mandarin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=57.04,59.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he would say that, you know (speaks in foreign 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University,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=65.63,68.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"majoring in French in 1974, which is in Minnesota.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=68.44,72.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in 1977, he went to 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Development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=94.48,97.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He was ex, you know, former director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=97.86,100.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Center for Taiwan International Relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=100.61,104.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Washington DC, and also the associate director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=104.169,109.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Asia Resource Center, which is a non-profit organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=109.19,114.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Taiwan international relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=114.68,116.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So far, he has published many articles and books.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=117.8,121.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The publication related to Taiwan province,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=123.15,125.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first of all, is The Unknown Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=125.3,127.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the most recent one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=127.52,128.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's 1992.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=130.292,131.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then Let Taiwan be Taiwan in 1990,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=131.74,135.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then Taiwan at the Crossroads in 1988, and et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=135.33,139.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have read through his books at Taiwan at Crossroads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=141.05,144.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was honestly impressed with his several 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itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=188.44,191.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that this sentence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=192.63,194.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can somehow truly reflect Taiwan's history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=194.78,198.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, you know, yesterday's dream is becoming true today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=198.88,203.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taiwan has started up into a new democratic era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=203.31,207.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, that brings to today's lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=207.94,211.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where is the Dragon Hiding: Taiwan's Economic Development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=215.23,219.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Democratization, and International Relations in the 1990s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=219.25,223.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let me give the microphone to Mr. Marc J. Cohen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=223.27,225.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=227.058,230.058"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much, Mr. Wang","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=234.03,235.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for that very, very generous introduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=235.58,239.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I would like to assure the audience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=239.96,243.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not as young as I look, but anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=243.37,246.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been searching all day for a good opening joke,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=248.61,251.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so there it was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=251.96,253.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to thank the Lecture Committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=254.25,258.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially the Taiwanese Students Association","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=258.11,261.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for inviting me, and it's a pleasure to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=261.46,266.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I've told my hosts, I haven't been in Iowa recently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=266.24,271.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nearly 20 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=271.12,273.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I first graduated from college,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=273.8,275.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I worked just outside of Mason City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=275.77,279.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's really a pleasure to be back in this lovely state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=279.34,283.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially to have missed the winter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=283.09,286.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I'm sure that many of you here this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=289.55,293.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I wasn't sure exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=294.912,296.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the audience was going to be like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=296.73,298.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm sure many of you have some familiarity with Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=298.44,302.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I assume quite a few of you here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=302.75,305.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may even have been born there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=305.92,307.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I would guess quite a few of you weren't also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=307.44,311.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nonetheless, here in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=311.12,315.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1970s and especially the 1980s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=315.35,318.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the phrase made in Taiwan was quite well known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=318.53,322.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on such things as VCRs, and pocket calculators,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=322.27,326.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"running shoes and the like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=326.44,329.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That may be the only knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=330.12,332.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many people in the United States have of Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=332.85,335.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But for those of you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=335.07,337.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have perhaps studied about international development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=337.32,342.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you may know something as well about Taiwan's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=344.31,348.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is referred to as its economic miracle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=348.7,352.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taiwan is one of four countries in East Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=352.7,356.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are known as, alternatively as the dragons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=356.86,360.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hence, my title for this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=360.71,362.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or also, they're sometimes called the little tigers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=362.68,367.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even newly industrializing countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=367.12,370.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"abbreviated by economists as NICs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=370.49,374.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are countries which have experienced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=375.38,379.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rapid rates of economic growth over the last 25 years or so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=379.56,384.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly excelling in the export of manufactured goods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=384.83,389.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in the case of Taiwan, it's significant to note","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=390.08,394.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the development there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=394.09,397.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unlike in some of the other countries, constituted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=397.27,400.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as one well-known study puts it, growth with equity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=400.57,405.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll say a bit more about that in a moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=405.97,409.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what I would like to focus on this evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=410.34,412.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not only the strengths","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=412.72,415.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Taiwan's model of economic development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=415.52,418.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its very real achievements in that field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=418.87,422.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also the weaknesses of that model of development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=422.01,427.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I should point out, many foreign aid donors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=427.98,432.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"notably the World Bank, is encouraging developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=432.37,437.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to follow Taiwan's path.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=437.25,439.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, on the positive side, as many of you, I'm sure, know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=440.51,445.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the past 48 years, Taiwan has 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nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=456.1,458.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was a process that took Western nations much longer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=459.53,463.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps two centuries in many cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=463.85,467.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the fruits of economic growth have been spread","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=467.02,469.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite widely in Taiwan among the now 21 million people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=469.34,473.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who live on the Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=473.65,475.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nevertheless, this process had very real","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=475.58,479.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political and social costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=479.74,482.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And today, as there are signs that social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=482.81,485.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political development may finally be catching up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=485.95,488.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with economic development, there are questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=488.36,493.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hanging over the future of Taiwan's economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=493.24,496.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the same time, while Taiwan has become a major player","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=497.54,502.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the global economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=502.13,504.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is becoming increasingly isolated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=505.25,508.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in its international relations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=508.35,510.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least at the level of diplomacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=510.62,512.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will go into a bit more detail on all these factors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=515.09,518.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when I'm finished, I will try and answer the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=518.82,522.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which some of you who are here this evening may want to ask,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=522.87,525.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is, well, so what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=525.9,528.195"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does all this this mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=528.195,530.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to those of us who are here in Ames, Iowa this evening?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=530.65,534.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will try and say a bit about that as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=534.55,537.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how much detail all of you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=538.82,541.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the history of Taiwan, and I don't have enough time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=541.5,544.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go into all the detail of the several hundred pages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=544.34,549.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've written about that, but I will just say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=549.58,552.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a few brief things about the pre-World War II period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=552.107,556.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those who might be interested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=556.32,557.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm sure everyone knows that Taiwan is an island","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=557.61,560.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a hundred miles off the coast of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=560.46,563.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the southern coast of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=563.27,565.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's about the size of the Netherlands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=565.17,567.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was originally occupied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=567.77,569.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Malayo-Polynesian people who today constitute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=569.47,573.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere between one and 2% of the population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=573.438,577.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the majority of the people on Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=577.077,579.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are of Chinese ancestry, having come,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=579.48,582.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beginning historians think, and there's some historians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=582.61,587.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the audience who can correct me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=587.05,588.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but about the 14th century, mainly from Fujian province,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=588.15,593.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the province right across the strait.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=593.39,595.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then as I'm sure most people in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=596.59,600.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will remember, there was a large influx","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=600.53,602.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from all of the provinces of China in 1949","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=602.75,606.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of events on the mainland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=606.84,610.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The attraction for settlement in Taiwan was not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=613.36,617.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would add, so much to extend the realm of Chinese culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=618.41,622.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this island, but the opportunity to own land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=622.48,626.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get further away from the emperor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=626.51,629.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his tax collectors and soldiers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=629.98,633.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the colonization of Taiwan was under the 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by,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=642.29,644.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Japanese would come back again later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=644.859,647.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"followed by the Dutch and the 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II","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=777.03,782.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on behalf of the Allied powers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=782.53,784.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there is much debate over the 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1973,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1576.54,1581.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Taiwan government made a decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1583.08,1585.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to increase reliance on nuclear 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nightmare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1598.67,1603.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is worsened by the fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1604.3,1605.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that two of the three existing nuclear power plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1605.92,1610.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are located on earthquake fault lines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1610.03,1613.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in an area which is frequently subject to 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1623.23,1625.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the Taipei metropolis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1625.29,1628.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if there is a Chernobyl-style 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housing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1719.95,1721.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has very antiquated plumbing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1721.75,1724.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At a more, one might say spiritual 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budget","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1766.26,1769.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared to 22% for defense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1769.4,1772.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 22% for public work spending,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1772.21,1774.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and programs to assist the elderly, disabled,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1775.8,1778.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and low-income people are less than 1% of the 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increasing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1788.31,1791.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, while I would argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1793.04,1795.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that virtually everyone on the 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workforce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1808.37,1812.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and women workers played a major role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1812.45,1815.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the early days of Taiwan's industrialization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1815.14,1817.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the assembly industries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1817.88,1820.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, electronics, garments, and textiles, 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life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1877.99,1881.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their agrarian traditional slash and burn agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1881.53,1886.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government is taking over traditional tribal 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Chinese,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1906.68,1910.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which forces them to adapt Chinese names.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1910.59,1913.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taiwan's economic growth has also depended,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1914.93,1917.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a large degree, on the suppression of the labor movement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1917.9,1921.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so the enforcement of laws on wages, hours, benefits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1922.72,1927.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and workplace safety and health is virtually non-existent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1928.38,1932.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and strikes, until quite recently, have seldom 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land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1955.74,1957.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for housing, highways, and factories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1957.25,1960.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so land is going out of agricultural production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1960.79,1964.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Taiwan's farmers have also been hurt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1964.53,1966.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the government's willingness to agree to US 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farmers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1975.373,1978.424"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Good for farmers in Iowa, but bad for farmers in Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=1978.424,1981.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So today, Taiwan only 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act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2025.9,2028.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And public opinion polls have shown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2029.34,2031.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a strong majority of the people in Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2031.06,2033.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are willing to sacrifice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2033.56,2037.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a certain measure of economic 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politics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2051.02,2053.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know that farmers were busy throwing live turkeys","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2053.27,2056.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the US, the unofficial US embassy recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2056.9,2059.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the US demand that Taiwan buy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2059.99,2062.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more frozen US turkey meat, turkeys, mainly chickens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2062.55,2067.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I shouldn't say turkeys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2067.41,2068.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And although Taiwan's labor movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2069.56,2072.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is still much less militant than South Korea's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2072.18,2076.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there have been quite a few strikes in recent years as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2076.42,2081.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the growth of all these social protest movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2082.53,2085.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is quite significant because the KMT's rule of Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2085.73,2090.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was based, in large measure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2091.23,2093.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the suppression of civil society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2093.75,2096.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, goodness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2098.01,2099.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is he or she all right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2102.0,2103.742"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(baby cries)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2103.742,2106.159"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2109.25,2110.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have an 11-month-old myself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2110.45,2112.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it happens all the time in my 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citizens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2125.27,2130.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are free from government control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2130.02,2132.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, up until the 1980s, the KMT firmly 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protections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2150.01,2155.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who sought to change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2156.26,2158.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or challenge this situation risked prosecution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2158.76,2162.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the authorities forbade the establishment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2162.3,2165.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of non-KMT rival associations, that is if you 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association,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2173.93,2176.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was against the law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2176.25,2177.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These restrictions were part and 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bureau.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2306.77,2308.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I should mention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=2308.14,2309.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632/transcript/27383/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those who don't know that the 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Student Association would like to welcome you to tonight's lecture. First of all, I'd like to, we'd like to thank you, the Iowa State University Committee on Lecture. This lecture was, is partially funded by them. And tonight, I'm going to introducing to our guest, Mr. Marc J. Cohen. As you can see on my right-hand side, Mr. Marc Cohen is the intelligent young man. He has been to Taiwan twice and who would, you know, sometimes show off his skills in Taiwanese and Mandarin. So he would say that, you know . That means I have enough food. He was a graduate of Carleton University, majoring in French in 1974, which is in Minnesota. And in 1977, he went to Wisconsin-Madison to get a master's degree in political science, and he got his PhD there in 1983. He's currently serve in the Bread for the World Institute, which is taken for the food problem. And he is right now a research director, Institute on Hunger and Development. He was ex, you know, former director of Center for Taiwan International Relations in the Washington DC, and also the associate director of Asia Resource Center, which is a non-profit organization for Taiwan international relationship. So far, he has published many articles and books. The publication related to Taiwan province, the first of all, is The Unknown Taiwan. That's the most recent one. It's 1992. And then Let Taiwan be Taiwan in 1990, and then Taiwan at the Crossroads in 1988, and et cetera. I have read through his books at Taiwan at Crossroads and I was honestly impressed with his several reference through the Taiwan's political history in the past 40 years. Especially here, he has very detailed accounts for the opposition movement in the 1980s, which he has been in Taiwan during that time. In chapter one of his paragraph, I'd like to, if I may quote his first paragraph, it says something like this. If the history of Taiwan or Formosa had to be summed up in a single sentence, it would have to be the following one. The people living on Taiwan have always had to cope with the consequences of decisions that have nothing to do with Taiwan people itself. I think that this sentence can somehow truly reflect Taiwan's history. However, you know, yesterday's dream is becoming true today. Taiwan has started up into a new democratic era. And therefore, that brings to today's lecture, Where is the Dragon Hiding: Taiwan's Economic Development, Democratization, and International Relations in the 1990s. So let me give the microphone to Mr. Marc J. Cohen.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much, Mr. Wang for that very, very generous introduction. And I would like to assure the audience I'm not as young as I look, but anyway. I've been searching all day for a good opening joke, so there it was. I'd like to thank the Lecture Committee and especially the Taiwanese Students Association for inviting me, and it's a pleasure to be here. As I've told my hosts, I haven't been in Iowa recently. But nearly 20 years ago, when I first graduated from college, I worked just outside of Mason City. So it's really a pleasure to be back in this lovely state, especially to have missed the winter. Well, I'm sure that many of you here this evening, and I wasn't sure exactly what the audience was going to be like, but I'm sure many of you have some familiarity with Taiwan. I assume quite a few of you here may even have been born there, but I would guess quite a few of you weren't also. But nonetheless, here in the United States, in the 1970s and especially the 1980s, the phrase made in Taiwan was quite well known on such things as VCRs, and pocket calculators, running shoes and the like. That may be the only knowledge many people in the United States have of Taiwan. But for those of you who have perhaps studied about international development, you may know something as well about Taiwan's, what is referred to as its economic miracle. Taiwan is one of four countries in East Asia which are known as, alternatively as the dragons, and hence, my title for this evening. Or also, they're sometimes called the little tigers, or even newly industrializing countries, abbreviated by economists as NICs. These are countries which have experienced rapid rates of economic growth over the last 25 years or so, particularly excelling in the export of manufactured goods. I think in the case of Taiwan, it's significant to note that the development there, unlike in some of the other countries, constituted, as one well-known study puts it, growth with equity, and I'll say a bit more about that in a moment. But what I would like to focus on this evening are not only the strengths of Taiwan's model of economic development and its very real achievements in that field, but also the weaknesses of that model of development, which I should point out, many foreign aid donors, notably the World Bank, is encouraging developing countries to follow Taiwan's path. Now, on the positive side, as many of you, I'm sure, know, over the past 48 years, Taiwan has moved from the status of a mainly peasant society to an industrial nation, and increasingly, what might be referred to as a post-industrial nation. This was a process that took Western nations much longer, perhaps two centuries in many cases. And the fruits of economic growth have been spread quite widely in Taiwan among the now 21 million people who live on the Island. Nevertheless, this process had very real political and social costs. And today, as there are signs that social and political development may finally be catching up with economic development, there are questions hanging over the future of Taiwan's economy. And at the same time, while Taiwan has become a major player within the global economy, it is becoming increasingly isolated in its international relations, at least at the level of diplomacy. I will go into a bit more detail on all these factors, and when I'm finished, I will try and answer the question which some of you who are here this evening may want to ask, which is, well, so what? What does all this this mean to those of us who are here in Ames, Iowa this evening? I will try and say a bit about that as well. I don't know how much detail all of you know about the history of Taiwan, and I don't have enough time to go into all the detail of the several hundred pages I've written about that, but I will just say a few brief things about the pre-World War II period for those who might be interested. And I'm sure everyone knows that Taiwan is an island about a hundred miles off the coast of, the southern coast of China. It's about the size of the Netherlands. It was originally occupied by Malayo-Polynesian people who today constitute somewhere between one and 2% of the population, and the majority of the people on Taiwan are of Chinese ancestry, having come, beginning historians think, and there's some historians in the audience who can correct me, but about the 14th century, mainly from Fujian province, the province right across the strait. And then as I'm sure most people in the United States will remember, there was a large influx from all of the provinces of China in 1949 as a result of events on the mainland. The attraction for settlement in Taiwan was not, I would add, so much to extend the realm of Chinese culture to this island, but the opportunity to own land and get further away from the emperor and his tax collectors and soldiers. Now, the colonization of Taiwan was under the auspices of a number of different countries, starting with the Japanese, followed by, and the Japanese would come back again later, followed by the Dutch and the Spanish. China did not formally lay claim to Taiwan until the late 17th century, and there is some doubt as to how effective Chinese control was over the island. It wasn't even claimed so firmly over the eastern portion. But in any event, there were quite frequent rebellions against the Chinese administration. It was not until 1887 that China made Taiwan into one of its provinces. And just eight years later, China gave up sovereignty over Taiwan as the Treaty of Shimonoseki put it in perpetuity in 1895 after losing a war with Japan. There was an abortive attempt, I might add, in 1895 to establish an independent Republic of Taiwan, which was rather thoroughly crushed by the Japanese administration. Now, Japanese rule in Taiwan was hardly benevolent. It was based primarily on extracting food and some other natural resources. But in the process, the Japanese engaged in extensive development efforts, building up the islands infrastructure, opening up education to many residents of the island, and in general, beginning the process of industrialization which was to accelerate greatly in the late 1950s and particularly in the 1960s. Following Japan's defeat in World War II, the then government of mainland China which was under the nationalist party or the Kuomintang, and I will refer for the rest of the evening to that party as the KMT. So if you have trouble remembering what I mean by KMT, it's the Chinese nationalists. They occupied Taiwan at the end of World War II on behalf of the Allied powers, and there is much debate over the circumstances and legality of nationalist rule. Some people say that indeed, Taiwan was retroceded to China. Others say that this was merely a temporary occupation similar to the KMT's occupation of Northern Vietnam at the end of the war. But in any event, the nationalists have ruled Taiwan ever since whether one wants to regard this as retrocession or not. Furthermore, this was not a particularly happy period in Taiwan's history. Although the nationalists were initially welcomed as liberators from Japanese rule, they quickly lost this goodwill through the same kind of corrupt and brutal rule they had imposed in the mainland. And in 1947, there was a rebellion against the nationalists which was suppressed at the cost of some 10,000 or more lives. This trauma was still very fresh in people's minds in Taiwan when the great influx of mainland refugees, along with the entire nationalist Chinese government moved itself to Taiwan following the victory of the communists in China in 1949, just two years after the massacre in Taiwan. And as I'm sure most of you are quite familiar, ever since 1949, the Republic of China, that is to say nationalist-ruled China, has consisted of Taiwan and a few smaller islands nearby and a few small islands much closer to China's coast, although the KMT continues to say that, in fact, it is the legitimate and legal government of all of China. Now, from this very unpromising beginning, Taiwan's economic miracle arose. In 1945, about 75% of the economically active population, as I mentioned, worked in agriculture and mainly as small farmers, tenants, or landless laborers. Today, commerce manufacturing and service industries employ that same 75% of the workforce, and Taiwan's economy has become the world's 21st largest and the 13th largest trading power. Taiwan's main port, which is Kaohsiung, the second largest city, is the third largest container port in the world. And I'm sure you're all familiar with Taiwan's computer companies like Acer, MiTAC, or Datong, or as it's usually called in this country, Tatung, which produce computers and many other electronic goods. And Taiwan's export success has generated one of the world's largest pools of hard cash, roughly $90 billion. Increasingly, Taiwanese firms are investing throughout Asia and even in other parts of the developing world, and there are several large ventures here in the United States and in some other developed countries, and Taiwan has increasingly become a provider of development assistance to developing countries as well. The economy experienced an average growth rate of about 9% between 1952 and 1987. And even during the 1980s, when the world economy had slowed down considerably, Taiwan was still growing at a rate of 8.3%. Per capita income, which was $145 in 1951, had exceeded $10,000 by last year. Now, an important factor in Taiwan's economic takeoff in the 1950s was its ability to benefit from the Cold War. As free China, as US policy makers called it, it could command access to billions of dollars in US economic and military aid, as well as protection against an invasion from the mainland. There was a quid pro quo, however, and that was that US policymakers pressed the Taiwan authorities, the KMT government, to change their policies to be friendlier towards foreign investment and to emphasize export-oriented manufacturing instead of import substitution. The first step in this process was one of the more thorough land reforms that developing countries have undergone, but it's important to note that land reform was not only about a more just order in the rural areas, but also about providing cheap food to the industrial workforce and providing labor as surplus people left the countryside. On the positive side, the KMT government also pursued balanced budgets, low foreign debt, a high rate of savings, and low inflation, policies that the United States itself has not always pursued in the same period. The rapid rate of economic growth opened up not only economic opportunities, because unlike Japan and South Korea, Taiwan is not completely dominated by a few large monopolies or oligopolies, but there are many small firms, small industries. And until recently, it was rather easy for an industrial worker to accumulate a little bit of savings and then open his or her, usually his though, own factory. The small enterprises account for about 75, I'm sorry, 70% of employment. On the educational side, there have also been many opportunities open to people on the island, and about 80% of the students go on to high school, although the majority, the substantial majority go to vocational school rather than academic school. But there are, I believe, over a hundred universities on Taiwan as well, and that includes some junior colleges, as well as four-year institutions and graduate institutions. Between 1945 and 1980, the gap between rich and poor shrunk considerably in Taiwan, although it has increased a bit since 1980 and it is still much smaller than that in South Korea, the country which, economically, is most often compared to Taiwan. They have pursued quite similar policies in some respects. And many of the measures of quality of life are quite impressive as well. The infant mortality rate in Taiwan is lower than that of the United States. Life expectancy is 71 years for men and 76 for women. Nutrition levels, as Mr. Wang mentioned, hunger is my field. There isn't much hunger in Taiwan these days. There may be more problems of overnutrition rather than undernutrition. And the consumer society is developing quite rapidly. But the future of the economy, I would argue, is not quite as rosy as the past has been. The cost of labor in Taiwan, and cheap labor, obviously, has been a major attraction for foreign investors, the cost of labor is rising and demands for stronger pollution controls are rising as well. As a result, multinational companies and even Taiwanese companies are looking for cheaper labor and more lax regulations, and they're finding it primarily on the other side of the Taiwan Strait in China, but also in Southeast Asia, Southern Asia, and perhaps even in Africa. Taiwan also relies quite heavily on the United States, Western Europe and Japan as export markets, but these areas have been facing a recession and also engaging in protectionist policies in recent years. So Taiwan's growth rate has slowed down a bit in the 1990s, although it's still averaging 6%, which is more than the developed countries of the West end Japan. The United States has been pressuring Taiwan to reduce its trade surplus, the same kinds of issues that face US-Japan economic relations. And the Taiwan government has complied, buying more US agricultural products, such as Iowa soybeans, for example. But the problem for Taiwan with this is that the trade surplus with the United States is needed to finance the trade deficit with Japan which is created by Japanese sales of capital goods and spare parts, among other things. The United States is the number one trading partner. Japan is the number two trading partner. So there's a rough balance between the surplus and the deficit. Now, the Taiwan government has pursued a two-pronged strategy to try and address some of these looming economic problems. On the one hand, it has a massive infrastructure development plan to upgrade the highways, build a subway in the capital city of Taipei, and a number of other projects. This is a six-year plan that is slated to cost $310 billion, with a B. However, the government is planning to sell bonds to finance the projects, and there are fears that this is going to drain capital from private investment. The government is also seeking to move the economy away from the labor-intensive manufacturing that has characterized it for the last several decades into more capital and knowledge-intensive industries. So they're sloughing off garment, textile, and computer chip assembly in favor of aerospace, mainframe computers, and biotechnology. However, the current rates of research and development are inadequate to support such industrial development. It will also, if the government succeeds in moving in these directions, it will limit the ability to open new small manufacturing enterprises as capital requirements increase. And finally, Taiwan faces substantial competition in these directions from the other dragons, particularly South Korea and Singapore. Some economists both inside and outside Taiwan, therefore, have argued for a more inward-focused development strategy which, in fact, the infrastructure development is part of that, but this would rely on deepening Taiwan's domestic economic market and mobilizing its human resources as opposed to depending on exports for growth. Well, aside from the questions about the future of the economy, economic growth has had substantial social costs for Taiwan even though the economic growth is usually referred to as a miracle. The most apparent of these costs is the degradation of the island's environment. The capital city of Taipei is one of the world's most severely polluted cities, and you'll often see people wearing surgical masks to minimize the risks from breathing the air. Virtually every river on the island is an open sewer for industrial and household waste, and garbage collection is rather sporadic at best. Taiwan's farmers are among the world's heaviest users of agricultural chemicals, and this has further harmed the quality of not only the water but the fertility of the soil and the safety of the food supply in some instances. Industrial waste has also added to questions about food safety. And the proliferation of small factories in rural areas and automobiles throughout the island have added to the pollution problems. Another aspect of the environmental problem is that after the first oil shock, oil price shock of 1973, the Taiwan government made a decision to increase reliance on nuclear power and reduce reliance on petroleum Nuclear power now accounts for about 43% of Taiwan's electricity, and the potential environmental and public health nightmare is worsened by the fact that two of the three existing nuclear power plants are located on earthquake fault lines and in an area which is frequently subject to typhoons. It's also an area that's home to five million of the island's 21 million people. That is the Taipei metropolis. So if there is a Chernobyl-style accident, it will have grave cost indeed. The disposal of nuclear waste is also a serious problem, the lax environmental regulation that have been coupled with lax regulation of food quality, toxic chemicals, and the safety of pharmaceuticals, tap water is not safe to drink, and as I mentioned, regular garbage collection is not something which exists. Needless to say, this has resulted in public health problems. And not today that national health insurance is something which exists in the United States, but it doesn't exist in Taiwan either, although the government does plan to institute it next year. People in rural areas and low-income people often have trouble gaining access to healthcare. There's also a housing crisis in Taiwan. Due to real estate speculation and the high cost of housing, about 20% of the population is unable to afford its own home ownership, and there's a growing problem of homelessness, again, similar to that in the United States, in Taiwan's major cities. Housing in working class and rural areas is generally of poor quality, and even some of the middle class housing has very antiquated plumbing. At a more, one might say spiritual level, again, similar to the United States, family values and community values are breaking down as a materialistic get-rich-quick mentality has set in. And again, similar to the United States, there are rising levels of violent crime, drug addiction, alcoholism, suicides, and other aberrant social behavior. The government has not responded forcefully to these problems. Social welfare spending in fiscal 1989 constituted about 17% of the government budget compared to 22% for defense and 22% for public work spending, and programs to assist the elderly, disabled, and low-income people are less than 1% of the budget. And in fiscal 1990, the real rate of spending in these areas declined rather than increasing. Furthermore, while I would argue that virtually everyone on the island has reaped some benefits from economic growth, some people have not received what they consider to be their fair slice of the pie. Women make up 40% of the workforce, and women workers played a major role in the early days of Taiwan's industrialization in the assembly industries, again, electronics, garments, and textiles, especially. But despite laws guaranteeing pay equity, women receive only about 2/3 of what men do. Again, I hadn't planned to keep saying this, it's just like the United States, but again, I would note, female workers in this country have complained about similar phenomenon. The internationalization of Taiwan's economy has also, and unfortunately, led to a booming sex industry. And poor families, particularly aborigine families, often sell their teenaged and even preteen daughters into prostitution. So although aborigines account for perhaps 1.7% of the population, aborigine girls account for about 20% of the child prostitutes. Aborigines also complain about the erosion of their traditional way of life and their agrarian traditional slash and burn agriculture. The government is taking over traditional tribal lands for various forms of exploitation, such as forestry. And so aborigines have had to migrate into such dangerous, often dangerous and low-paying jobs as mining, deep sea fishing, and construction. And aborigines also object to the government's cultural policy of we are all Chinese, which forces them to adapt Chinese names. Taiwan's economic growth has also depended, to a large degree, on the suppression of the labor movement. And so the enforcement of laws on wages, hours, benefits, and workplace safety and health is virtually non-existent, and strikes, until quite recently, have seldom occurred. And despite the benefits of land reform in the 1950s, it has virtually become impossible to earn a living as a farmer. Most farmers work part time, and most farmers are 50 years old or even much older. There's a great demand for land, for housing, highways, and factories, and so land is going out of agricultural production. And Taiwan's farmers have also been hurt by the government's willingness to agree to US demands that it import more US agricultural goods. Again, that's good for Iowa but bad for farmers. Good for farmers in Iowa, but bad for farmers in Taiwan. So today, Taiwan only produces about 70 to 80% of its sued supply domestically, whereas in the past, Taiwan was a major exporter of food to the rest of Asia. Now, in recent years, the citizens in Taiwan have become increasingly vocal in demanding changes in the areas I've just discussed. The environmental movement is particularly strong both at the grassroots and the national level. There have been many protests against the expansion of nuclear power and against dirty polluting industries, particularly petrochemicals. People have often blockaded the entrances to plants to get them to clean up their act. And public opinion polls have shown that a strong majority of the people in Taiwan are willing to sacrifice a certain measure of economic growth in order to preserve their quality of life. There is also an active women's movement, a movement for aborigine rights, and farmers. If you're familiar with Taiwan's politics, you know that farmers were busy throwing live turkeys at the US, the unofficial US embassy recently over the US demand that Taiwan buy more frozen US turkey meat, turkeys, mainly chickens. I shouldn't say turkeys. And although Taiwan's labor movement is still much less militant than South Korea's, there have been quite a few strikes in recent years as well. Now, the growth of all these social protest movements is quite significant because the KMT's rule of Taiwan was based, in large measure, on the suppression of civil society. Oh, goodness. Is he or she all right? No problem. I have an 11-month-old myself, so it happens all the time in my house. Anyway, as I said, the KMT based its rule, in large measure, on the suppression of civil society, that is to say voluntary associations of citizens which are free from government control. And indeed, up until the 1980s, the KMT firmly controlled virtually all non-governmental organizations on the island, the major exception being the Presbyterian church which has about 300,000 members and has been a leading voice in demands for social change and human rights protections. People who sought to change or challenge this situation risked prosecution, and the authorities forbade the establishment of non-KMT rival associations, that is if you wanted to set up say a lawyers' association that was separate from the KMT-controlled lawyers' association, that was against the law. These restrictions were part and parcel of a larger police state that the KMT had imposed, and I will now turn to that topic, the political realm. From 1949 until 1987, the Kuomintang ruled Taiwan under martial law,. And it used to be said that this was the longest period of martial law rule in modern history. However, after 1987, until just last year, martial law was maintained on the KMT-controlled islands off the coast of China. That is, for those of you who remember the Nixon-Kennedy debates, that's Quemoy and Mazu, in English, Jinmen and Mazu if my Chinese serves me. They had martial law for five more years, so they get the record. But in any event, martial law meant significant restrictions on civil and political rights. And some of these restrictions continued until last year when there was another significant liberalization. Taiwan did not experience a general parliamentary election from the time the KMT arrived in 1945 until this past December. And so the majority of Taiwan's parliament from 1945 until 1993 consisted of people elected in China in the late 1940s, that is to say these people stayed in office for over 40 years if they managed to live that long. While this seems quaint and perhaps amusing, it also guaranteed the nationalists' grip on power because the government institutions, according to the constitution, were merely a rubber stamp for the decisions of the KMT's unelected Central Standing Committee or pilot bureau. And I should mention for those who don't know that the KMT, although it is one of the more anticommunist parties in the world, is nonetheless organized along Leninist lines. So it's non-Marxist Leninism, if that makes sense. Of course, some people would say that's what we've got on the mainland now too, but that's not my point. Well into the 1980s, elderly conservative refugees from the mainland dominated the KMT pilot bureau or Central Standing Committee, although today, about 80% of all KMT members are people born in Taiwan, and increasingly, the leadership posts go to native Taiwanese as well in both the KMT and the official government bureaucracy. However, refugees from the mainland and their Taiwan-born children still dominate the military, security and ideology organs of both the party and the state. And until recently, jobs in such fields as teaching, civil service, and military service virtually required membership in the KMT. Also, many native Taiwanese big business people, I should say big businessmen since, again, they're mostly men, have joined the KMT as well and risen to high levels within the party. And of course, party connections are helpful in getting government contracts and licenses, needless to say. Now, throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the KMT sharply limited all forms of peaceful dissent. There was strict control of newspapers until 1988, and the KMT and government still monopolized the broadcast media, although there are some underground television stations and videos to provide some measure of balance. Until recently, students received a considerable degree of government propaganda at all levels, from elementary school through post-graduate, and secret police and KMT agents conducted surveillance in schools, workplaces, neighborhoods, and most private organizations. Often, this network collaborated with either freelance vigilantes or organized crime groups, and this network extended to the United States. You may recall in 1984 when an anti-KMT Chinese-American writer was assassinated by gangsters employed by Taiwan's Chief of Military Intelligence. This system has loosened up somewhat recently, but opposition politicians report continuing harassment and invasions of privacy, nonetheless. And there were hundreds of people executed and jailed, or jailed on sedition charges after the KMT arrived in Taiwan, although the vast majority were people who had peacefully advocated political change, rather than those seeking to overthrow the government by violence. Because martial law was in effect, they faced military trials with severe restrictions on due process and access to attorneys. Many people underwent torture prior to trial and found that they were unable to recant their confessions in open court, or closed court since it was a court martial. Nonetheless, Taiwan's people have enjoyed a certain amount of electoral rights since 1950. There have been elections for the provincial and local levels, and since 1969, for a limited number of national legislators. But martial law forbade the formation of new political parties, so non-KMT candidates had to run as independents without the organizational and financial advantages of a political party. They also frequently faced electoral fraud, vote buying, media bias, and sometimes trumped up legal charges. Now in the 1970s, a number of factors helped change this situation, the growth of the economy and the social change which that produced, as well as changing international environment. The old mainland legislators began dying off at a growing pace, and the middle class, which was expanding, demanded a greater role in public policymaking. And the United States, which had been Taiwan's chief foreign patron, sought to play the China card, in Henry Kissinger's phrase, against the Soviet Union, so KMT leaders recognized that they could no longer count on all out support from the United States. Chiang Ching-kuo, who was the son of the KMT's founding father, Chiang Kai-shek, became Prime Minister in 1972 and President in 1978. And he responded to these trends by promoting native Taiwanese within the ruling party in government and engaging in a certain measure of political liberalization. But this liberalization was very much controlled from the top and waves of repression repeatedly followed the openness, the glasnost, if you will, especially when the opposition seemed close to making significant political games. But the repression did not succeed in suppressing demands for change. In the 1980s, the opposition magazines, there were no opposition newspapers, became increasingly bold in their criticisms, and citizens began staging the demonstrations I've discussed over a wide range of social issues, as well as demonstrations for political change, a more democratic political system, in particular. And in 1986, opposition activists formed a new political party, the Democratic Progressive Party or DPP, in defiance of martial law restrictions. And in 1987, the next year, President Chiang lifted martial law following DPP gains in legislative elections. Since then the KMT legislature, KMT-controlled legislature has enacted statutes which continued to place restrictions on civil and political rights, and the authorities continued to prosecute opposition figures on political grounds, but grassroots pressures for full democracy continued. And gradually, these pushed the authorities to make further changes, such as easing press controls and releasing political prisoners. The DPP eventually gained legal status. And when President Chiang died in 1988, his Vice President, Lee Teng-hui, became the first native-born leader of Taiwan, at least in the modern era. And as I mentioned, the government finally agreed to hold a general parliamentary election for the first time, in two stages, beginning in 1991 and completed this past December. Lee and other reform-minded KMT figures helped to push through revision of the National Security Law, which had replaced martial law, and the other statutes, and they also agreed to end the practice of prosecuting peaceful dissenters for sedition, limiting sedition charges only to those who...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115632#t=0.0,2811.984"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, no more political prisoners held in Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=6.4,10.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the practice of blacklisting overseas critics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=10.421,15.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the KMT has also been ended, with a few exceptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=15.88,20.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there has even been some reduction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=22.27,23.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the activity of the secret police.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=23.87,27.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's significant to note that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=27.52,29.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the elections last December,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=29.13,32.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the split between the reform and conservative wing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=32.19,35.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the KMT became apparent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=35.42,38.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And partly as a result of this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=38.052,40.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the KMT received just 53% of the vote, whereas historically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=40.15,45.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has received something like 65 or 70%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=45.07,50.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But because of gerrymandering and the creation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=50.14,52.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of rather strange electoral districts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=52.9,56.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it nonetheless won 60% of the legislative seats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=56.67,60.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The DPP gained 31% and a like number of seats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=60.47,64.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The rest went to small parties and independents.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=64.6,68.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, a number of observers of the election have 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KMT.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=76.52,80.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These include: the bias in the electronic media,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=80.61,83.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I've already mentioned;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=83.46,84.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the continued practice of vote buying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=86.21,88.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is mainly done by the KMT;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=88.21,90.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ballot fraud, which determined the outcome","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=91.83,94.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in at least one contest in favor of the KMT last December;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=94.86,99.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the KMT's ability to mobilize vast numbers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=100.6,103.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of civil servants, military personnel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=103.62,106.552"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both active duty and retired,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=106.552,109.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and local government officials on its behalf;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=109.57,113.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the failure of the government election commission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=113.15,115.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to prosecute KMT violations of election law;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=115.97,119.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a system in which each citizen has one vote","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=119.74,123.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but each constituency is represented by several people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=123.09,127.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a system which obviously favors a well-financed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=127.75,131.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-organized party over a poorer party like the DPP,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=131.51,135.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with 40,000 members compared to the KMT's two million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=135.61,139.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some analysts have said that on a true level playing field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=141.08,145.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the KMT might not have won a majority of the votes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=145.73,148.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perhaps not even a majority of the seats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=148.39,151.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, such counter-factual statements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=151.3,154.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are impossible to prove,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=154.2,156.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but credible observers have made this statement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=156.04,159.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nonetheless, as the Taiwan Communique magazine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=159.91,163.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is published in The Hague","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=163.08,165.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=165.16,168.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has remarked, the 1992 balloting was, quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=168.83,173.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A milestone on the road towards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=173.017,175.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a democratic political system on the island.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=175.18,178.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The legislature has stacked up in such a way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=179.21,182.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the KMT's reformers, its conservatives and the DPP","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=182.71,187.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each control a substantial block of seats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=187.12,191.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and shifting coalitions and compromises","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=191.17,193.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are likely to result.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=193.98,196.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Much remains to be done before Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=196.41,198.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becomes fully democratic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=198.75,200.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to this question of a level playing field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=200.77,204.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is the issue of direct presidential elections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=204.01,207.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And right now, the president is much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=207.12,209.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the president and the executive branch remain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=209.96,212.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more powerful than the legislature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=212.3,215.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the issue of the KMT's strong influence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=215.42,219.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the judicial branch of government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=219.19,221.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But for those like myself who have been watching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=222.47,224.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taiwan's political development over the past decade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=224.8,228.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the recent progress is certainly encouraging.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=228.48,231.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is important and noteworthy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=231.68,233.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it has occurred mainly because of nonviolent 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conservatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=496.87,500.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has proved a fantasy as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=500.91,503.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has not prevented Saudi Arabia and South 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independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=550.48,553.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of these is the end of the Cold War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=553.26,556.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is no longer necessary for the United States to 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card","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=562.87,565.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the card game is over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=565.71,568.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no more Soviet Union to play cards 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Organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=599.79,602.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some European countries have upgraded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=603.67,606.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their relationships with Taiwan to a higher 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billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=642.97,646.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And two-way trade is also in the billions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=646.4,650.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taiwan's construction industry is also rather 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shortage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=657.5,659.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one might argue that economic integration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=660.75,663.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might create some pressure for political integration,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=663.87,666.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are factors working against that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=666.83,671.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since June 4th, 1989, there's not much support in Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=671.41,676.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for reunification of Taiwan and China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=677.27,680.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the auspices of Deng Xiaoping and his colleagues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=680.36,685.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And realistically, reunification is going to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=685.86,689.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under those folks if it's going to occur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=689.0,691.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the foreseeable future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=691.42,693.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, people in Taiwan have been able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=694.57,697.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to visit the mainland since 1987,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=697.72,700.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have done so in large numbers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=700.3,702.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And increasingly, people are saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=702.61,705.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, gee, do we really wanna unite with this country?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=705.56,708.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I would say that it is in China's interest to maintain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=710.82,715.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"peaceful coexistence with Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=715.96,717.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if Taiwan does separate itself permanently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=717.81,721.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a political sense, rather than to risk destroying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=721.12,724.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this growing sphere of economic cooperation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=724.45,727.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and forcing reunification by military means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=727.973,732.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would add that morality and international law seem to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=734.09,737.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the side of Taiwanese self-determination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=737.62,740.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China's government abandoned all claims","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=740.91,743.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Taiwan in 1895, as I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=743.04,746.009"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Taiwan was ruled by China for just four years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=746.009,749.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the 20th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=749.61,752.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even then, the process of Chinese rule made no reference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=752.01,755.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the desires of the people of the island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=755.46,758.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Significantly, the People's Republic of China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=759.33,761.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has never ruled Taiwan at any time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=761.79,764.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this century, or any other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=764.04,765.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under such circumstances of ambiguous status,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=766.99,770.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"international law normally prescribes an exercise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=770.01,773.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in self-determination, and Professor Lin, here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=773.47,776.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is much more expert on this subject than I.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=776.47,778.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, if you have questions about the international law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=778.77,781.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of self-determination, I will yield to him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=781.68,784.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will now briefly turn to the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=786.31,788.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I posed at the outset.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=788.29,789.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, so, what's all this have to do with us here in Ames,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=789.55,793.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other than perhaps the opportunity to sell some soybeans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=793.64,797.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it isn't just a matter of soybeans, first of all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=799.01,803.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we look at Taiwan's economic relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=803.62,805.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the United States, Taiwan is the number five","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=805.7,810.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or number six trading partner of the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=810.27,813.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the host to about a billion dollars of US investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=813.13,817.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Taiwan is investing in the United States now, as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=817.59,821.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the relationship isn't just a matter of cold cash.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=822.15,825.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thousands of Taiwanese are studying here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=825.85,827.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States, several hundred here at Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=827.93,831.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and several hundred more at the University of Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=831.97,834.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And students from the United States are increasingly going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=837.61,841.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Taiwan, as well as to the mainland to study Chinese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=841.04,844.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pursue, Americans of various occupations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=844.1,848.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to pursue economic opportunities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=848.5,850.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a permanent Taiwanese-American community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=851.69,855.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mostly US citizens, of about 300,000 people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=855.09,858.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has made significant contributions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=858.95,860.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the arts, commerce, science and technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=860.97,864.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"public administration, education, and even sports.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=864.64,869.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there was even a Taiwanese American Miss USA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=869.39,872.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of this creates a web of mutual interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=873.2,876.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that makes the peaceful determination of Taiwan's future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=876.18,879.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a matter of concern to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=879.03,881.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is the people on the island who should decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=881.99,885.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that future, free from coercive threats from Beijing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=885.07,889.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would also add that there's another element of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=889.17,894.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one might say, moral obligation on the part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=894.1,896.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United States, vis-a-vis Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=896.58,898.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, moral obligations have little to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=899.74,902.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with international politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=902.27,903.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm a political scientist, I'm supposed to recognize that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=903.74,906.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I'm free to say whatever I want here tonight, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=906.27,909.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the waning days of World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=911.32,914.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"American planes not only bombed Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=914.58,917.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they dropped thousands of thousands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=917.08,919.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of leaflets urging the people of the island to rise up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=919.71,922.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and overthrow their Japanese colonial masters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=922.74,926.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and join a new world order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=926.03,929.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a phrase we've heard again recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=929.01,931.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=931.785,933.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be based on democracy and self-determination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=933.23,936.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, since then, first the period of all-out US support","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=936.89,941.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the KMT, which included looking the other way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=941.4,944.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on human rights abuses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=944.97,947.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And more recently, this China card business,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=947.6,950.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which led to kind of deferring to China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=950.19,954.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the subject of Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=954.38,957.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"neither of these did much to further these promises.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=957.31,962.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But since we have a new new world order now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=963.06,966.945"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not too late for the United States to make good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=966.945,970.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on these pledges of support for Taiwanese aspirations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=970.0,974.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I conclude, I would like to point out, by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=976.45,980.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mr. Wong mentioned that I've written a couple of books.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=980.24,984.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some copies for sale at the conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=984.06,988.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this evening's program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=988.05,990.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for anyone who's interested,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=990.38,992.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would not only be able and willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=992.46,994.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take your check or cash, but if you would like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=994.95,998.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would write my name in the front too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=998.49,1000.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=1000.873,1001.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much and I'll open it up now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=1001.706,1005.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=1005.204,1008.204"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27385/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/385/original/AV204151_Taiwan_b.vtt?1622148353","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/385/original/AV204151_Taiwan_b.vtt?1622148353"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27386","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204151_Taiwan_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633/transcript/27386/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Now, no more political prisoners held in Taiwan. And the practice of blacklisting overseas critics of the KMT has also been ended, with a few exceptions. And there has even been some reduction in the activity of the secret police. It's significant to note that in the elections last December, the split between the reform and conservative wing of the KMT became apparent. And partly as a result of this, the KMT received just 53% of the vote, whereas historically, it has received something like 65 or 70%. But because of gerrymandering and the creation of rather strange electoral districts, it nonetheless won 60% of the legislative seats. The DPP gained 31% and a like number of seats. The rest went to small parties and independents. Now, a number of observers of the election have said that there are a number of elements that continue to stack the deck in favor of the KMT. These include: the bias in the electronic media, which I've already mentioned; the continued practice of vote buying, which is mainly done by the KMT; ballot fraud, which determined the outcome in at least one contest in favor of the KMT last December; the KMT's ability to mobilize vast numbers of civil servants, military personnel, both active duty and retired, and local government officials on its behalf; the failure of the government election commission to prosecute KMT violations of election law; and a system in which each citizen has one vote but each constituency is represented by several people. This is a system which obviously favors a well-financed, well-organized party over a poorer party like the DPP, with 40,000 members compared to the KMT's two million. Some analysts have said that on a true level playing field, the KMT might not have won a majority of the votes, and perhaps not even a majority of the seats. Of course, such counter-factual statements are impossible to prove, but credible observers have made this statement. Nonetheless, as the Taiwan Communique magazine, which is published in The Hague by the International Committee for Human Rights in Taiwan, has remarked, the 1992 balloting was, quote, \"A milestone on the road towards a democratic political system on the island.\" The legislature has stacked up in such a way that the KMT's reformers, its conservatives and the DPP each control a substantial block of seats and shifting coalitions and compromises are likely to result. Much remains to be done before Taiwan becomes fully democratic. In addition to this question of a level playing field, there is the issue of direct presidential elections. And right now, the president is much, the president and the executive branch remain much more powerful than the legislature, as well as the issue of the KMT's strong influence over the judicial branch of government. But for those like myself who have been watching Taiwan's political development over the past decade, the recent progress is certainly encouraging. And it is important and noteworthy that it has occurred mainly because of nonviolent demands by organized citizens. I also want to note that if Taiwan citizens had been able to participate more fully in the policy-making process over the past 48 years of KMT rule, some of the problems which Taiwan now faces might've been avoided. Pollution would not, probably, be so severe, for example. And at a minimum, the island would have benefited from a full debate over alternatives. For example, hydro power versus nuclear power. I'd like to quickly turn to Taiwan's foreign policy and international relations before wrapping up and entertaining questions and comments. I characterize the varying views of Taiwan's role in the world as fantasies, nightmares, and dreams. And I should add that, to perhaps a larger degree than in other countries, international affairs are a contentious issue in Taiwan's domestic politics. The fantasies, the KMT, as I mentioned, claims that it is the government of all China, symbolized by its insistence that it governs the Republic of China. Party conservatives advocate pursuing the eventual reunification of China and Taiwan under KMT control, but by peaceful means. This stance has great emotional appeal to many older members of Taiwan's mainlander community, however impractical it may sound to people in the United States. President Lee and other KMT reformers say, in contrast, that China is temporarily divided into two areas, separately ruled by two equal political entities. They encourage other countries to pursue dual recognition of the de facto two Chinas. The DPP takes a somewhat different stance, calling for the establishment of a Republic of Taiwan, which will be permanently separated from China, and pursue separate diplomatic relations and membership in international organizations. Many younger Taiwan-born KMT politicians support this one Taiwan, one China, position. Greatly complicating this debate, which might otherwise be mainly academic, is the view of the People's Republic of China whose leaders have recently threatened to, quote, \"Shed blood,\" unquote, against any effort to make Taiwan permanently independent of China. They claimed the island as an integral part of their territory. And say that anyone else expressing an opinion on this view is interfering in China's internal affairs. Now, all of this is somewhat paradoxical because Taiwan trades with virtually every country in the world, it's increasing its ties even with the former Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, yet it has diplomatic relations with only 29 countries, including such major players on the international stage as Tonga, Tuvalu, and St. Lucia. In many of the developing countries which have diplomatic relations with Taiwan, have agreed to establish relations after receiving generous aid packages. One might refer to this as new Taiwan dollar diplomacy. Nonetheless, the mainland authorities have hounded Taiwan out of most international organizations and have pressured western countries not to sell arms to Taiwan. And recently, when France went ahead and sold some jet planes, military jets, to Taiwan, French companies were told that they would not be able to participate in some infrastructure projects, lucrative ones, in China. I would argue that President Lee's flexible diplomacy, while different from the view of the KMT conservatives, has proved a fantasy as well. It has not prevented Saudi Arabia and South Korea from switching recognition to the mainland. And Beijing has cut diplomatic ties with countries which try to swing dual recognition. It's also important for Taiwan to have official ties with Europe, I would argue, if it wants to be a player as, well Europe '92 didn't work out too well, but as the European community becomes more fully integrated economically, access to the official centers of power will be increasingly important. Now, despite China's threats to intervene militarily against a declaration of Taiwan independence, I would argue that there are two forces which are working in favor of Taiwan independence. One of these is the end of the Cold War. It is no longer necessary for the United States to defer to China on the Taiwan question in order to play the China card because the card game is over. There's no more Soviet Union to play cards with. Furthermore, the developed countries clearly have an interest in pursuing independent economic relationships with Taiwan. One need only point to President Bush's F-16 sales to Taiwan, which were aimed not so much at defending Taiwan from China, as preserving jobs in Texas. Similarly, the United States has supported Taiwan's efforts to enter the general agreement on tariffs and trade, the World Trade Organization. And some European countries have upgraded their relationships with Taiwan to a higher level of unofficial status. One might argue that since Taiwan is making some progress in the areas of democracy and human rights, that this should make some moral claims on western support as well. Perhaps even more important, economic integration between China and Taiwan is increasing, especially between Taiwan and the mainland's southern coastal provinces with their special economic zones. Taiwanese investment in these zones and other areas is estimated at some $6 billion. And two-way trade is also in the billions. Taiwan's construction industry is also rather dependent on illegal workers from the mainland, since it faces a labor shortage. Now, one might argue that economic integration might create some pressure for political integration, but there are factors working against that. Since June 4th, 1989, there's not much support in Taiwan for reunification of Taiwan and China under the auspices of Deng Xiaoping and his colleagues. And realistically, reunification is going to be under those folks if it's going to occur in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, people in Taiwan have been able to visit the mainland since 1987, and have done so in large numbers. And increasingly, people are saying, well, gee, do we really wanna unite with this country? So, I would say that it is in China's interest to maintain peaceful coexistence with Taiwan, even if Taiwan does separate itself permanently, in a political sense, rather than to risk destroying this growing sphere of economic cooperation, and forcing reunification by military means. I would add that morality and international law seem to be on the side of Taiwanese self-determination. China's government abandoned all claims to Taiwan in 1895, as I said, and Taiwan was ruled by China for just four years during the 20th century. And even then, the process of Chinese rule made no reference to the desires of the people of the island. Significantly, the People's Republic of China has never ruled Taiwan at any time in this century, or any other. Under such circumstances of ambiguous status, international law normally prescribes an exercise in self-determination, and Professor Lin, here, is much more expert on this subject than I. So, if you have questions about the international law of self-determination, I will yield to him. I will now briefly turn to the question I posed at the outset. Well, so, what's all this have to do with us here in Ames, other than perhaps the opportunity to sell some soybeans? Well, it isn't just a matter of soybeans, first of all. If we look at Taiwan's economic relations with the United States, Taiwan is the number five or number six trading partner of the United States, and the host to about a billion dollars of US investment. And Taiwan is investing in the United States now, as well. But the relationship isn't just a matter of cold cash. Thousands of Taiwanese are studying here in the United States, several hundred here at Iowa State, and several hundred more at the University of Iowa. And students from the United States are increasingly going to Taiwan, as well as to the mainland to study Chinese and pursue, Americans of various occupations are going to pursue economic opportunities. There is a permanent Taiwanese-American community, mostly US citizens, of about 300,000 people, which has made significant contributions to the arts, commerce, science and technology, public administration, education, and even sports. And there was even a Taiwanese American Miss USA. All of this creates a web of mutual interests that makes the peaceful determination of Taiwan's future a matter of concern to the United States. And it is the people on the island who should decide that future, free from coercive threats from Beijing. I would also add that there's another element of, one might say, moral obligation on the part of the United States, vis-a-vis Taiwan. Of course, moral obligations have little to do with international politics. I'm a political scientist, I'm supposed to recognize that. But I'm free to say whatever I want here tonight, right? During the waning days of World War II, American planes not only bombed Taiwan, but they dropped thousands of thousands of leaflets urging the people of the island to rise up and overthrow their Japanese colonial masters and join a new world order, a phrase we've heard again recently, that would be based on democracy and self-determination. Now, since then, first the period of all-out US support for the KMT, which included looking the other way on human rights abuses. And more recently, this China card business, which led to kind of deferring to China on the subject of Taiwan, neither of these did much to further these promises. But since we have a new new world order now, it's not too late for the United States to make good on these pledges of support for Taiwanese aspirations. Before I conclude, I would like to point out, by the way, Mr. Wong mentioned that I've written a couple of books. There are some copies for sale at the conclusion of this evening's program. And for anyone who's interested, I would not only be able and willing to take your check or cash, but if you would like, I would write my name in the front too. Thank you very much and I'll open it up now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42971/file/115633#t=0.0,1018.224"}]}]}]}