{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/r785h7ck9x/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Benbow, Camilla Persson, The Math and Science Pipeline"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["The Math and Science Pipeline. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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Artifact?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=24.12,26.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second author was her major professor, Julian Stanley,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=27.89,31.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well known for his work with mathematically gifted children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=31.45,35.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Johns Hopkins where Dr. Benbow received","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=35.59,40.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all her degrees in psychology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=40.86,44.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the education of the gifted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=44.52,46.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's gone on to write numerous papers on the gifted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=48.16,52.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has received many recognitions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=52.86,56.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She joined Iowa State in 1985 and is now in her first year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=56.25,61.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as chair of the Psychology Department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=62.83,65.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, she somehow has managed to have seven children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=65.98,69.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight she will address us on the math science pipeline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=70.7,75.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can it meet tomorrow's technological needs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=75.01,78.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=80.223,83.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, thank 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lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=87.89,89.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I guess I especially appreciate being invited here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=89.82,93.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give this lecture, given the topic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=93.14,95.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the previous lecture that was given by Sheila Tobias.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=95.81,99.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For those of you who were here at Sheila's talk last spring,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=99.57,103.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might've remembered that she was arguing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=103.09,104.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the sciences lose or discourage many bright students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=104.81,108.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from entering them due to the way we teach in the sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=108.87,113.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Sheila was arguing for 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English,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=136.18,139.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it reminded me of the two worlds of C.P. Snow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=139.39,142.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually Sheila suggested that the science has changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=144.98,148.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to attract the bright students who now steer away from them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=148.88,152.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that is that the sciences try to attract","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=153.42,157.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other world of C.P. Snow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=157.0,159.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, my reaction at that time was probably very similar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=160.65,163.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to that of C.P. 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students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=204.43,209.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through changing the way they teach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=209.27,211.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is sort of like asking nursing to become less social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=211.06,214.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they can attract more introverted people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=214.91,217.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you might be 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me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=235.54,237.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My work for the most part has been politically incorrect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=239.88,244.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as some of you may already 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differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=254.263,257.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the variables that predict participation in the sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=257.74,262.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, now onto my 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Lubinski.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=274.33,277.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"SMPY as we call it is located in the Office","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=279.21,283.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Precollegiate Programs for Talented and Gifted at ISU","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=283.21,286.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at this office I co-direct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=286.98,288.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with another colleague, Lynn Glass.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=288.71,291.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some of you may be aware of OPPTAG","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=291.61,293.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the various programs that we 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today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=298.56,300.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway, SMPY was founded in 1971","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=301.06,305.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Johns Hopkins University by my graduate advisor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=305.12,308.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Julian C. Stanley.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=308.5,309.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A story perhaps first told by Mark Twain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=311.52,315.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"captures the essence of SMPY's 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Twain?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=330.95,333.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's about a man who sought the greatest general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=333.43,336.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had ever lived.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=336.45,338.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Upon inquiring as to where this individual might be found,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=338.37,341.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was told that the person he sought had gone to heaven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=341.89,345.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the pearly gates he informed St. Peter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=346.3,348.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the purpose of his quest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=348.47,350.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereupon St. Peter pointed to a soul nearby.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=351.26,354.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"But that,\" protested the 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Earth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=361.48,363.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he was only a cobbler.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=363.88,365.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I know that,\" replied St. Peter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=366.857,369.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"but if he had been a general,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=369.327,370.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he would have been the greatest of them 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environments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=377.43,380.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where their talents can best blossom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=380.37,382.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and come to full 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students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=407.69,409.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Stanley devised the concept of a talent search.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=409.94,413.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what is a talent 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3%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=422.73,425.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on standardized achievement tests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=425.91,427.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the Iowa Test of Basic Skills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=427.61,429.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We invite them to participate and we ask them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=431.14,433.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=433.67,437.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the test that people on the East and the West Coast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=437.15,440.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to take before they go off to college, the SAT.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=440.43,443.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, to these seventh and eighth graders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=443.59,445.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we administer a test designed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=445.87,448.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for above average 11th and 12th graders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=448.12,451.191"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The SAT has an SAT math part and an SAT verbal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=451.191,455.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The SAT math measures mathematical reasoning ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=455.81,458.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the SAT verbal, verbal reasoning 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supposedly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=466.08,468.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take that test, they generate score distributions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=468.79,472.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are very similar to high school students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=472.04,474.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you may be sitting there wondering,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=476.96,478.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, what do these scores mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=478.53,480.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here you have a seventh and eighth grader","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=480.61,482.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who can earn the same score as a 12th grader","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=482.36,485.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but what does that score mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=485.2,486.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I could have my first slide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=487.857,489.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we've tried to do is to figure out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=494.09,496.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is the predicted validity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=496.41,497.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or utility of these test scores","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=497.89,500.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here in this slide what we did was that we took students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=500.68,505.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we knew were all the top 1% in intellectual ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=505.0,509.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we put them into two groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=510.5,512.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the top quartile of the top 1%, and a set of individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=512.4,516.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were in the bottom quartile of the top 1%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=516.88,519.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were all in the top 1% but one was in the top","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=519.68,522.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one was in the bottom quartile.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=522.02,524.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We then looked at their academic achievements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=525.08,527.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and accomplishments over 10 years from age 13 through 23.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=527.62,532.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we wanted to ask the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=533.756,535.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is there differences in achievement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=535.27,536.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between those in the top and the bottom quartile?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=536.98,540.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you can see, by looking at this slide here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=541.777,544.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were indeed very large differences in these two groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=544.7,549.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can see that there's a D and there's an H,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=550.02,552.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if you look at that D statistic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=552.13,554.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what that D refers to is, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=555.2,558.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like a standard deviation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=558.32,559.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the D 1.24 is that the difference is equal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=559.53,562.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 1.24 standard deviations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=562.62,565.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you can look and see how large those differences 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distribution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=641.18,643.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look at the distribution of IQs above, say, 130,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=643.48,646.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's 1/3 of the range of IQs that you can 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lab.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=780.27,782.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when we administered, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=784.11,785.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college board achievement tests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=785.56,786.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end of those three weeks, the average score","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=786.86,788.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the students in those classes is well over 700.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=788.9,792.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they clearly have mastered the content.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=792.29,794.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, some of you might be sitting back there and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=796.69,798.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I find that very hard to believe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=798.72,800.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can anybody learn high school physics in three weeks?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=800.96,804.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I say is what that points to is how inappropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=805.84,810.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the regular curriculum is for these kids in the schools,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=810.06,813.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause we have demonstrated this over and over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=813.5,815.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and over again and it tells us what these kids can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=815.93,819.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they're given the opportunity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=819.74,821.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the refinements of these types of courses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=823.7,825.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we've been working with have now really become","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=825.92,827.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"standardized applied interventions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=827.86,830.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we do offer them here at ISU","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=830.19,832.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the SciTech program or the Explorations program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=832.89,836.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the summer, we have about 400 kids here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=836.54,839.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the ISU campus participating in these kinds of courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=839.27,842.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so if you've been on campus in the summer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=842.93,844.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you start thinking, what's going on with me?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=844.75,846.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are these students getting younger?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=846.84,849.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are getting younger. (laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=849.27,850.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They actually are younger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=850.61,852.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a big population and we fill up the dorms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=852.52,855.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, and some of you may even have seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=855.52,859.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these kids here during the academic year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=859.85,862.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have some of our kids come in the academic year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=862.83,864.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have, for example, a pair of twin boys","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=864.9,867.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who last year took, at age 15, took sophomore physics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=867.61,872.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and differential equations and did very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=872.16,874.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you might've read about them in the papers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=874.81,877.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're back here at ISU again this year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=877.77,880.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking some more courses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=880.01,882.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the way, those kids had scored 700 on the SAT math","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=882.26,887.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before they turned 11.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=887.21,889.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those are the kinds of kids we work with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=889.35,891.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not always so able as that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=891.15,893.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, that is kind of the programs part of our work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=894.24,899.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but an important part of what we're doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=899.31,901.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we're conducting a 50-year longitudinal study","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=901.3,905.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this study has now completed its 20th year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=906.22,909.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me just take some time to describe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=911.36,914.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what this longitudinal study is like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=914.69,916.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the data that I'm going to present to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=916.56,918.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the end of my talk comes from this longitudinal study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=918.44,921.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the longitudinal study,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=924.89,926.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have four cohorts of individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=926.69,929.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have our first cohort of individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=930.68,933.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were identified in the early 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=933.39,935.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is how we identified them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=937.39,939.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, their ability levels were about the top 1%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=939.69,942.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our second cohort was identified in the late 1970s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=943.42,947.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they represent the top half percent in ability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=948.94,952.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our cohort three was identified in the early 1980s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=952.68,956.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That represents the top 1 in 10,000 of their age group.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=956.29,960.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our cohort four is a new and ever-growing cohort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=962.33,965.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which now actually has about 1,000 kids in it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=965.48,968.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they too represent the top 5% of ability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=968.97,971.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cohort four are the Iowa students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=971.52,973.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are participating in our SciTech programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=973.033,976.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also have a fifth cohort of students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=976.34,979.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these are individuals who are graduate students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=979.44,982.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this nation's top math/science departments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=982.8,986.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're doing a retrospective study of these individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=986.2,988.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll talk a little bit more about them later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=988.83,990.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're there for generalizability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=990.83,993.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How well do our findings from these cohorts generalize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=993.25,996.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to another group of students who must be gifted as well?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=996.06,999.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some nice features","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1001.84,1004.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the way we set up the longitudinal study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1004.06,1006.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each cohort is separated by a few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1006.56,1009.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each cohort is being surveyed at exactly the same age.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1010.65,1014.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That way we can replicate findings across cohorts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1015.67,1018.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also with our cohort four, we can keep our study current.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1020.96,1025.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of problems with longitudinal studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1025.01,1027.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is by the time that they're finished, they're out of date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1027.01,1030.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With our cohort four, we can keep ourselves up to date.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1030.03,1033.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also with the different cohorts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1033.09,1034.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can assess the effects of history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1034.63,1036.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, we can ask the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1036.81,1039.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what difference does it make growing up being gifted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1039.52,1042.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1970 versus 1990?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1042.0,1044.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The times are very different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1044.6,1045.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of impact does that have on development?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1045.98,1048.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally, as I mentioned before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1049.87,1051.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our cohort five allows us to assess generalizability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1051.46,1054.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To date, what we have already collected in terms of data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1055.78,1058.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we have data on these individuals at age 13, 18, 23,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1058.78,1063.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this fall, we are mailing out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1064.13,1065.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our 20-year follow-up survey to these individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1065.77,1068.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they're at age 33, starting with cohort one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1068.85,1072.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now finally before I get onto my data of my talk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1075.13,1078.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just provide you the theoretical rationale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1078.187,1082.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the background for our work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1082.25,1085.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, our work is based on a well-known model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1085.09,1087.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of vocational adjustment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1087.55,1090.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is called the theory of work adjustment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1090.14,1092.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was developed by Rene Dawis and Lloyd Lofquist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1092.4,1095.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of Minnesota over the past 30 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1095.37,1099.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One attractive feature of this model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1100.04,1101.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that it's readily extended to choice of college major","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1101.89,1105.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and choice of a career.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1105.32,1106.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The general thesis behind the theory of work adjustment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1108.31,1112.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that to assure vocational adjustment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1112.05,1115.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need to a good environment person fit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1115.66,1120.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is certain environments need certain people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1120.47,1123.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certain people find certain environments rewarding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1124.81,1128.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To create a match between the environment and the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1135.13,1139.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to ensure vocational satisfaction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1139.3,1143.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what these individuals have done is to look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1143.37,1146.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and break down individual into two parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1146.87,1149.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also the environment into two parts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1149.07,1151.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can look at the individual in terms of the abilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1151.38,1154.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they have or the skills that they can bring to a job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1154.48,1157.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as their preferences and what are the types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1158.53,1160.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of things that they find reinforcing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1160.79,1162.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the type of content that they like to work with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1162.96,1165.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly, you can break down the environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1166.61,1169.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can look at the environment in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1169.437,1170.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what are the ability requirements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1170.93,1173.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the skill requirements that that job needs or requires?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1173.0,1177.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also what are the kinds of reinforcers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1177.58,1180.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that environment can provide to the individual?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1180.09,1183.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order to develop an optimal work 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satisfactoriness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1204.41,1207.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the person's preferences for certain types of reinforcers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1207.277,1211.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is met with the type of reinforcers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1211.72,1214.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the environment provides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1214.12,1215.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you also have correspondence which is called 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career","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1223.72,1226.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and become vocationally adjusted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1226.12,1228.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what vocational counselors do in terms of working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1230.23,1233.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their clients to help them find good jobs for them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1233.6,1237.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or good career choices is that they assess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1237.21,1239.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"individuals' abilities and preferences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1239.77,1242.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So how do we assess these abilities and preferences?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1243.719,1246.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do we conceptualize abilities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1246.56,1248.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So a lot of debate going on about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1248.96,1251.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the pretty well-accepted representation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1251.13,1254.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of abilities is the radex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1254.67,1256.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here if you look at the radex, what you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1257.62,1260.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is if you can look at abilities and they can be grouped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1260.06,1262.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into three content areas, verbal, spatial, and numerical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1262.8,1267.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also within those content areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1269.79,1272.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are different degrees of sophistication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1272.35,1275.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the closer you are to the core, the more abstract,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1275.327,1278.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more higher level the thinking or the skills required.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1278.85,1282.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so for example, for the physical sciences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1285.85,1288.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is an area that I especially focus upon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1288.93,1292.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the skills that are especially required in those disciplines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1292.67,1296.169"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are numerical skills and spatial mathematical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1296.169,1300.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they need to be very, very close to the core.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1300.07,1303.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Verbal skills are still very important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1303.33,1306.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but could be moved away a little bit further from the core","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1306.37,1309.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's absolutely critical for a physical scientist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1309.03,1311.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have skills that are very highly developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1311.59,1314.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the most exceptional levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1314.6,1317.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what about preferences? How do we assess preferences?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1320.0,1323.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, one way to look at preferences is the Holland key","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1325.98,1329.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and basically what he has done is to classify interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1329.107,1332.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into six groups and they are investigative, artistic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1332.96,1337.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social, enterprising, conventional and realistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1337.65,1340.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there are six types of individuals or interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1343.24,1348.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another way to look at preferences is the study of values.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1348.09,1352.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And basically the study of values looks at preferences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1352.25,1354.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by breaking it down into six value types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1354.78,1357.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they are theoretical, aesthetic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1357.2,1359.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social, economic, religious, and political.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1359.9,1363.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So a lot of overlap between the study of values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1365.26,1367.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Holland's hexagon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1369.12,1370.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, in terms of the physical sciences, what are the types","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1372.35,1375.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of preferences that the physical sciences can reinforce?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1375.89,1380.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically what we find is that individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1380.14,1382.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who go into the physical sciences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1382.65,1384.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to have very high theoretical scores,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1384.81,1387.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is they like to work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1387.5,1389.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with scientific ideas, philosophical ideas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1389.18,1393.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They also have very high investigative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1393.61,1395.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and realistic interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1395.74,1397.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also people who are very high on the social side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1401.18,1406.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is people who have very strong need for people contact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1406.04,1409.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not as readily satisfied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1409.75,1412.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the physical sciences environments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1412.11,1414.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's to kind of sum it up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1416.27,1417.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The physical sciences needs individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1417.98,1420.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with high math and spatial abilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1420.09,1423.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the physical sciences are rewarding to individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1423.34,1426.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with high theoretical, investigative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1426.42,1429.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or realistic interests or preferences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1429.0,1432.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right, that's enough of a background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1432.61,1434.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's just get into the talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1434.41,1436.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but hopefully you can keep this in mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1436.07,1437.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I kind of start now going through the data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1437.85,1440.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically the first thing that we identified","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1441.86,1443.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we looked at was to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1443.84,1445.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these mathematically talented students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1445.63,1447.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these thousands of students that we're tracking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1447.66,1449.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout their adult lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1449.47,1450.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we're tracking 5,000 of them actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1450.71,1453.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're working our way up to 6,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1453.46,1457.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, we're tracking them through their adult lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1457.07,1459.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the very first thing that we found out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1459.35,1460.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that these mathematically talented students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1460.92,1463.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entered a math/sciences in 10 times the national rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1463.53,1467.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is when you think of our future pool","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1468.43,1470.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of math and scientists, they're gonna be comprised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1470.94,1474.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of individuals who could have been identified","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1474.06,1475.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as mathematically talented at age 13.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1475.84,1478.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's in terms of looking at gender differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1480.53,1483.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along the math/science pipeline and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1483.46,1485.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very appropriate to look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1485.89,1487.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the mathematically talented","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1487.13,1488.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that's the most likely group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1488.56,1489.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be in the math/sciences later on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1489.93,1492.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now within the mathematically talented students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1494.04,1496.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are there students who will gravitate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1496.71,1498.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards the sciences and are there students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1498.7,1500.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will gravitate away to other areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1500.41,1503.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and are there gender differences on the long dose factors?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1503.31,1506.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the rest of my talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1506.97,1508.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let's first look at mathematical ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1509.76,1512.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I guess the article that kinda threw me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1512.42,1515.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the doghouse with the women's movement in the 1980s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1515.58,1519.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically, to go back to the talent search,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1519.94,1523.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1972 when we conducted our very first talent search,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1523.36,1528.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were very surprised to find a gender difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1528.673,1532.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the SAT math scores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1532.34,1533.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We weren't expecting it and when we saw it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1533.84,1536.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we thought it was just purely an artifact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1536.54,1539.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it wasn't an artifact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1541.11,1543.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in every single talent search that we've conducted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1543.33,1545.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since that time involving over a million students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1545.7,1548.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has been a gender difference on the SAT math.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1549.72,1552.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here, let me just kind of show you what the extent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1553.79,1556.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that gender difference is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1556.23,1557.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we have a score of SAT verbal score.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1557.75,1560.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we have a distribution of SAT verbal scores","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1560.23,1561.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as you can see, for the boys and girls participating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1561.843,1565.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our talent search at age 12, 13,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1565.49,1567.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are no gender differences in SAT verbal scores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1567.77,1571.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's the score distribution of SAT math scores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1575.6,1578.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now here you see quite a different picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1578.97,1581.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here what you can see is that the distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1583.396,1585.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of scores for males is negatively skewed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1585.55,1588.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also you can see that the males are much more variable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1588.71,1592.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So matter of fact, if you could superimpose the distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1595.26,1598.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of female scores on top of the SAT verbal distributions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1598.37,1601.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would be indistinguishable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1601.96,1604.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we have here is that the male distributions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1604.37,1606.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very different from what you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1606.87,1608.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least as a psychologist, would expect to find.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1608.25,1610.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We always think everything's gonna be normally distributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1610.62,1614.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here you can see that's not the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1614.22,1616.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see that the boys are here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1616.06,1618.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what kind of gender differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1621.37,1623.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does this kind of score distribution create?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1623.61,1626.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the mean it's about 0.4 standard deviations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1626.873,1630.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's not the interesting part of this data at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1630.03,1632.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interesting part of this data are your ratios","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1632.83,1635.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the tip, at the high end of the scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1635.82,1638.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the average score","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1639.59,1641.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of our seventh grade males, which is 421,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1641.22,1644.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you find at the average","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1644.81,1646.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that they are 1.5 males for every female.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1646.36,1649.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the average score","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1651.59,1653.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a college-bound 12th grade male, which is 500,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1653.21,1657.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you find two males for every female scoring that highly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1657.32,1661.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the score of 600","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1661.27,1663.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the 83rd percentile college-bound senior males,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1663.05,1666.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have four boys for every girl who scores that highly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1666.49,1670.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally when you look at that elite level of scoring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1670.473,1672.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 700 to 800 on the SATM before age 13,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1672.82,1677.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have 13 boys for every girl scoring that highly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1678.0,1681.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These ratios have been stable for the last 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1685.04,1688.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have not been changing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1688.88,1690.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have found them in Germany as well as in China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1690.98,1694.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the gender differences among the gifted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1706.71,1708.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in mathematical reasoning ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1708.76,1710.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are also accompanied by gender differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1710.76,1712.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in spatial and mechanical comprehension abilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1712.93,1715.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is not the only difference that we're dealing with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1715.94,1718.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we look at gender differences and abilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1718.6,1721.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at this slide here which, hmm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1722.05,1724.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be hard to read, (laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1724.36,1727.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, what we have are data of individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1729.03,1732.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our cohort four.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1732.84,1734.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these are the Iowa students participating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1734.04,1736.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our SciTech program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1736.9,1738.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we have data on these individuals obtained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1738.49,1740.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over four years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1740.72,1742.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you can see if you're close enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1742.25,1744.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see that data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1744.81,1746.212"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for all of these years continually replicates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1746.212,1749.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we find here is that again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1750.33,1753.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here's the gender difference on the SAT math scores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1753.31,1757.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No gender difference to speak of on the SAT verbal score.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1757.08,1760.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the advanced radex","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1762.04,1763.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is supposed to be a non-verbal measure (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1763.45,1767.642"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's what people say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1767.642,1768.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a nice measure of general intelligence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1768.48,1771.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are no gender differences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1771.09,1773.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you look at spatial 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in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1792.792,1794.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did run the data from 1992","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1794.51,1797.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the gender difference again replicates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1797.14,1799.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for 1992 it's 0.8 standard deviations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1799.14,1802.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the gender difference on mechanical comprehension tests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1802.41,1806.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we have here then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1806.13,1808.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that among the mathematically talented,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1808.06,1810.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among individuals who are at least the top 1%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1810.33,1813.768"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we have gender 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differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1817.34,1820.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in spatial mechanical comprehension abilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1820.07,1823.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you think of that theory of work adjustment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1823.05,1825.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you think about the ability requirements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1825.15,1826.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the physical sciences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1826.83,1828.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the critical abilities needed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1828.97,1831.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for success in the physical sciences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1831.03,1833.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have gender differences in all of them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1833.36,1836.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're quite 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kids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1842.19,1844.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they get to end of high school or end of college","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1844.58,1846.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you look at their achievement test scores","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1846.87,1849.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in math and science, what we find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1849.28,1851.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that even though those boys and girls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1851.81,1854.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have taken the exact same courses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1854.09,1856.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout their high school years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1856.3,1858.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we find gender differences in achievement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1858.53,1860.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somehow the boys have retained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1860.41,1862.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or acquired more knowledge than the females","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1862.5,1865.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for whatever reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1865.42,1866.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we've looked at abilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1868.27,1870.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's the only part of the picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1870.86,1873.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about values or preferences?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1873.65,1876.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there differences there that can make the disparities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1876.47,1879.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among the abilities perhaps even worse?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1879.92,1882.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we find if you go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1883.3,1885.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look at this slide here again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1885.95,1888.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is if you look at the theoretical score, you look at it here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1888.16,1891.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you look at the boys versus the girls, what we find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1891.91,1894.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the boys have very peaked theoretical scores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1894.753,1898.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is they're primarily theoretically oriented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1898.54,1901.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The girls, however, are more evenly distributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1902.21,1905.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along theoretical, aesthetic, or social.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1905.17,1908.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, what we find here is that the boys,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1912.4,1915.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I would prefer to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1915.28,1916.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the boys are much more narrowly focused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1916.113,1918.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the girls are more broadly focused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1918.53,1920.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what about the other way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1921.77,1923.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of looking at values and preferences, the Holland's theme?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1923.61,1926.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is from another group of mathematically gifted students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1928.753,1932.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here what you see again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1933.5,1935.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a different pattern of preference, preference profiles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1935.16,1938.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can see again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1938.86,1940.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the boys are peaked on investigative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1940.04,1942.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while the girls have just as high investigative interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1944.66,1948.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they have other competing interests of very equal value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1948.6,1952.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like look at, for example, the females' artistic scores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1952.12,1955.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, what we find here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1956.7,1959.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are that the girls that more broadly developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1959.29,1962.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the boys are more focused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1962.7,1964.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, that's what we find in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1965.73,1967.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of looking at how are these students enrolled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1967.47,1970.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our courses during the summer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1970.08,1972.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We find that 83% of our boys will enroll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1972.05,1976.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in either a math or science course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1976.38,1978.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 50% of the girls will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1978.95,1981.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we say is that the girls don't like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1981.61,1983.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sciences any less than the boys do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1983.71,1986.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They just have other competing interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1986.05,1988.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what basically in terms of if you think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1994.18,1996.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the math/science pipeline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1996.61,1998.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what the implications are for this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=1998.38,2000.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is when we select students for undergraduate school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2000.33,2004.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and graduate school, we tend to select them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2004.85,2006.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on their math and verbal reasoning abilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2006.67,2009.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there the girls are somewhat at a disadvantage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2009.03,2013.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But compounding that is self-selection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2013.14,2016.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what we find is that individuals self-select","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2016.0,2019.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in or out of the sciences based on their ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2019.7,2022.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and value profiles, and so more of the females","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2022.5,2024.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will self-select out of the sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2024.9,2027.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will choose other careers that is more congruent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2027.14,2030.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their interest and value profiles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2030.5,2032.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I actually show you what the implications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2035.37,2037.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this data are down the road,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2037.79,2040.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just show you one more factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2040.31,2042.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that works on the females' choice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2042.75,2045.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is preferences for full-time employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2046.73,2049.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by mathematically precocious individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2049.69,2052.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we have individuals who are one, two, and three,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2052.38,2056.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you almost have here 20 years' worth of students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2056.17,2060.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we ask them is what is your preference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2060.77,2063.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for continuous full-time work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2063.14,2065.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as we can see, essentially all the males say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2065.7,2068.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they are gonna work full-time until retirement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2068.57,2071.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but only 50% or so of the females are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2072.49,2075.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this hasn't been changing over the last 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2075.65,2079.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surely this type of planning must have an impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2080.71,2084.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the kind of career decisions that they make.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2084.97,2087.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, up to this point, what I have done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2090.23,2092.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is describe the students at age 13.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2092.89,2095.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the critical question is does this have any bearing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2095.32,2099.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or relationship to educational and vocational outcomes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2099.66,2103.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right, again, to kind of remind you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2105.88,2108.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I'm gonna be presenting now is data on these cohorts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2108.883,2112.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here you have again what the cohorts are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2112.0,2113.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what I'll first present to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2113.433,2115.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the data from cohort one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2115.65,2117.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then I'm gonna go on with that data from cohort two","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2117.14,2119.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finally data from cohort three.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2119.817,2122.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So keep in mind as you look at these different groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2122.77,2125.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look at the decisions that they make at age 23,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2125.73,2129.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"keep in mind that as we go down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2129.65,2133.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it gets more and more able.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2133.22,2134.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is top 1%, top half percent, top 1 in 10,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2134.93,2138.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, so what are the career decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2139.14,2143.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these kids make at age 23?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2143.74,2145.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we've done here is we have individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2149.347,2152.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of their career aspirations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2154.43,2156.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they're gonna have a bachelor's degree only,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2156.45,2159.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less than a doctorate, no further than a doctorate or more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2159.66,2163.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here you have it broken down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2164.44,2166.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the various types of majors if you look.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2166.05,2169.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now if you look at the slide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2169.667,2172.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's several trends that you can look at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2172.57,2174.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see that there are many more males","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2174.94,2177.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are choosing to enter careers in the math sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2177.87,2181.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can also look at that slide and you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2182.61,2184.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the males are especially likely to be found","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2184.163,2189.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the more quantitatively oriented sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2190.66,2193.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Males also have higher educational aspirations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2196.38,2199.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the gender differences get larger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2201.62,2204.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the higher, with higher the educational level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2204.8,2207.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such that if you look at this box right here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2209.9,2213.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you find is, and we have less than 1%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2214.088,2218.537"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the top 1% females in mathematical ability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2219.63,2223.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less than 1% at age 23 will be pursuing doctorates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2223.23,2228.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in mathematics, engineering or the physical sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2229.06,2232.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Less than 1% of the top 1%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2233.92,2237.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's pretty astounding. At least I think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2237.44,2240.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Eight times as many males are doing so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2242.32,2244.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right, that's cohort one we identified","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2247.23,2249.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the early 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2249.52,2251.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about cohort two?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2251.28,2253.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now remember, cohort two is a much more select group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2253.0,2255.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you probably would expect to find them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2255.85,2257.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more highly represented in the sciences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2257.53,2259.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed we do, but again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2261.35,2263.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look at that table and study it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2263.85,2266.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the exact same patterns that we found for cohort one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2266.72,2270.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now found for another cohort of gifted students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2270.87,2273.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"identified five years later on the average.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2273.28,2276.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, gender differences in science participation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2276.94,2280.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Males are again clustered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2280.66,2282.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the more quantitative oriented careers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2282.04,2284.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, the gender differences get larger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2284.79,2286.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with each educational level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2286.8,2288.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now then, what about cohort three?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2297.1,2301.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now remember, what we have here are individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2301.68,2304.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who before age 13 scored at least 700 on SAT math","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2304.98,2309.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least 630 on the SAT verbal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2312.19,2315.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those two scores are at the same percentile rank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2315.13,2317.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of those who scored both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2318.69,2320.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All I have here is actually data for them at age 18.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2322.17,2325.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They haven't gotten old enough yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2325.6,2326.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're just surveying them right now at age 23","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2326.87,2329.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that data isn't in yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2329.7,2331.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the data that we have them at age 18, again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2331.7,2335.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you can see here is first of all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2335.57,2337.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see how few females we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2337.38,2339.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have 157 males scored 700 (indistinct) versus 17 females.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2339.573,2344.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now some of you guys say, well, gee,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2345.86,2347.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, why did you quit so early?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2347.49,2350.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it took us five years to get that many females.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2350.0,2353.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It just takes a very long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2353.46,2355.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, we have a few more than that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2355.52,2357.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they get lost when they move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2357.256,2360.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, what you can see here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2360.4,2362.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that even among students, among females and males","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2362.86,2366.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the top 1 in 10,000 of mathematical ability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2366.79,2370.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you still find the gender differences in career choices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2370.39,2373.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now some of you, you know, since we're all here in academia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2379.17,2383.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next question that you might think about is, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2383.23,2385.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how many of these kids, they're not kids anymore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2385.96,2388.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but how many of these individuals are planning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2388.69,2391.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go on for careers in academia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2393.31,2395.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is there a gender difference?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2395.23,2396.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we find is that there's twice as many males","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2398.072,2400.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than females who plan to go on for careers in academia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2400.73,2403.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"university teaching or research broadly defined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2403.66,2406.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, a gender difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2407.75,2409.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so females are just not choosing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2410.59,2413.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those same type of tracks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2413.85,2415.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the critical question is at this point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2422.8,2427.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that among these mathematically talented students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2427.95,2430.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can we predict at age 13 using our variables,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2431.91,2436.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can we predict who's going to be here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2436.1,2439.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"versus who's gonna be here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2439.351,2440.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so again, to just remind you about our model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2445.28,2448.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the basic things that we're looking for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2448.48,2451.108"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is abilities and values and preferences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2451.108,2454.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have followed up these kids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2454.3,2456.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we studied everything, not everything they did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2456.14,2458.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we studied a lot of things they did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2458.48,2459.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the kids think we studied everything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2459.97,2461.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they get so tired of filling out our questionnaires,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2461.41,2464.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but anyway, we looked at family background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2464.13,2466.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We looked at high school course-taking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2466.6,2468.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"college course-taking, self-concepts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2468.55,2472.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd really tried to profile these kids very extensively.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2472.54,2476.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course we looked at abilities and preferences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2476.5,2479.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see what are the factors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2479.31,2482.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are there factors that could separate these two groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2483.514,2486.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those in the math/sciences and those outside of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2487.46,2490.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there were two factors that did the best job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2491.19,2494.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is there were differences, those kids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2494.02,2496.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the math/sciences were more mathematically able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2496.23,2499.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also in the other specific abilities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2499.81,2501.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but most importantly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2502.84,2504.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the biggest difference of all was in values.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2504.23,2508.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is if you take a theoretical score","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2508.45,2511.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you subtract away the social from it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2512.46,2516.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you in a way have set up a dimension","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2516.56,2518.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of people versus things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2518.62,2521.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you take theoretical minus social,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2521.18,2523.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the very best predictor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2523.95,2526.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whether you'll be in the math/sciences 10 years later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2526.89,2530.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also there were differences in investigative and realistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2538.2,2543.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So yes, on this data, what we can say is that we can,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2544.1,2549.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can predict with fairly good accuracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2551.13,2554.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among these top 1% kids who is likely to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2554.34,2557.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the math/sciences and who is not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2557.53,2560.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have replicated these findings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2560.01,2562.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across several cohorts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2562.37,2564.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, at this point in time you might be wondering,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2566.2,2568.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, now, that's a pretty special sample","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2568.23,2570.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're dealing with here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2570.28,2571.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How well does this generalize to the rest of us?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2573.2,2576.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we started this last spring,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2577.99,2580.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we started a retrospective study of individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2580.88,2584.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are enrolled with top math/science departments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2584.25,2586.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this country and we surveyed almost 1,000 individuals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2586.93,2591.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half females, half males.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2592.1,2593.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was quite a job, let me tell you, to find those females.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2593.717,2596.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, we got the responses in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2598.23,2601.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now we're trying to see do the findings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2602.69,2605.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have for this SMPY cohort replicate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2605.87,2609.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this other group of students who by, clearly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2609.28,2611.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by all definitions must be considered mathematically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2611.79,2614.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or scientifically talented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2614.68,2616.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They wouldn't be graduate students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2616.29,2617.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the top math/science departments if they were not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2617.87,2621.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All right, first thing we did was to look at their values.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2621.16,2626.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, what we found is that the theoretical value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2628.38,2632.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is their predominant value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2632.91,2634.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, you can look at those preference profiles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2637.6,2640.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you could see the gender differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2640.35,2642.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we found in our sample","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2642.04,2643.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can see that it goes exactly the way it went","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2645.49,2648.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the other groups of students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2648.84,2650.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But clearly here is the big one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2653.56,2656.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As a matter of fact, if you look at the literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2656.8,2659.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we generally find is that physical scientists tend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2659.43,2661.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be very high on theoretical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2661.99,2663.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extremely low on religious and low on social.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2664.62,2668.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's just the way our math talented kids are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2668.7,2669.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's just way these graduate students are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2669.873,2672.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about their abilities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2674.5,2675.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Got the GRE scores. You got their SAT scores too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2677.2,2681.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are seventh grade scores by the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2681.59,2684.586"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are 12th grade scores and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2684.586,2686.932"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we didn't select them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2686.932,2688.009"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they were talent search participants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2688.009,2689.369"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a lot of them were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2689.369,2691.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, if you look at the scores here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2691.769,2694.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we have here are cohort two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2694.46,2698.368"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the SMPY group so what you wanna look at for now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2698.368,2701.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against this cohort two here is cohort five","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2701.353,2704.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that you wanna look at the red arrows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2705.69,2707.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can look at their scores on the GREQ, GRE verbal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2708.83,2713.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clearly the scores, the averages are in the mid 700s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2713.6,2717.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The mode on GRE Quant for these kids is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2717.1,2720.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most frequent score is 800.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2720.47,2722.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the most frequent score","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2723.49,2724.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for these kids in the top math/science departments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2724.75,2729.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can look at their SAT math scores.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2729.12,2731.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the question for me was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2733.49,2735.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the critical question for me was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2735.66,2737.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the time when these individuals were in seventh grade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2738.91,2742.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the talent search concept was not as widely spread","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2742.087,2744.874"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it is now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2744.874,2746.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now, as I mentioned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2746.61,2747.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have 150,000 kids taking these tests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2747.973,2750.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When they were in seventh grade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2750.97,2752.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we didn't have that many kids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2752.54,2753.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't all across the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2753.48,2755.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was just isolated in certain states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2755.0,2756.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and participation was relatively low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2756.87,2759.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we did was that we gave a very complete description","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2761.911,2766.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what is a talent search, how you qualify for it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2766.13,2769.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you did qualify for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2769.62,2772.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we asked the students reading this one-page description,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2772.18,2775.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would you have qualified for the talent search?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2776.69,2779.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"93% said, yes, they would have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2780.1,2782.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were actually individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2787.473,2789.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who had participated in our talent search.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=2789.56,2791.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15% of them 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27297/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/297/original/AV204112_The_Math_and_Science_Pipeline_a.vtt?1622143527","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/297/original/AV204112_The_Math_and_Science_Pipeline_a.vtt?1622143527"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27298","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204112_The_Math_and_Science_Pipeline_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586/transcript/27298/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Our speaker tonight, Camilla Benbow, made her mark early with a 1980 \"Science\" paper entitled \"Sex Differences in Mathematical Ability: Fact or Artifact?\" The second author was her major professor, Julian Stanley, well known for his work with mathematically gifted children at Johns Hopkins where Dr. Benbow received all her degrees in psychology and in the education of the gifted. She's gone on to write numerous papers on the gifted and has received many recognitions. She joined Iowa State in 1985 and is now in her first year as chair of the Psychology Department. Also, she somehow has managed to have seven children. Tonight she will address us on the math science pipeline. Can it meet tomorrow's technological needs?\r\n\r\n- Well, thank you. I'm honored to be here today to give the Sigma Xi honor lecture and I guess I especially appreciate being invited here to give this lecture, given the topic of the previous lecture that was given by Sheila Tobias. For those of you who were here at Sheila's talk last spring, you might've remembered that she was arguing that the sciences lose or discourage many bright students from entering them due to the way we teach in the sciences. And Sheila was arguing for example that the problem-solving focus that was found, it's found to be distasteful to students who are more verbally oriented and who wanted to see the big picture. When I was listening to her talk, her descriptions of the way we teach, different ways we teach on the two sides of the campuses, say, for example, physics versus English, it reminded me of the two worlds of C.P. Snow. Actually Sheila suggested that the science has changed to attract the bright students who now steer away from them or that is that the sciences try to attract the other world of C.P. Snow. Now, my reaction at that time was probably very similar to that of C.P. Snow's and that is we probably can't do that so readily. Environments such as the physical sciences require certain skills and are attractive to certain types of people. Also certain people see the big picture in very different ways. And also the big picture in different disciplines can be perceived through different symbols. And when I was thinking about it and with her lecture, I kind of felt like asking the sciences to significantly changed the way they teach and to try to accommodate more verbally talented students through changing the way they teach is sort of like asking nursing to become less social so they can attract more introverted people. Now, you might be wondering why am I carrying on about all of this? Well, I'm making these remarks because they provide a nice backdrop to my talk today and I also thought it probably would spark your interest in what I have to say, but be assured I'm under no illusion that all of you guys will agree with me. My work for the most part has been politically incorrect as some of you may already know and the rest of you will probably find out today. And the reason that my work has been perhaps politically incorrect is that there are a lot of gender differences in the variables that predict participation in the sciences. Well, now onto my talk. Since 1977, I've worked with mathematically talented students through the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth which I now co-direct with my colleague, David Lubinski. SMPY as we call it is located in the Office of Precollegiate Programs for Talented and Gifted at ISU and at this office I co-direct with another colleague, Lynn Glass. And some of you may be aware of OPPTAG and the various programs that we conduct and you'll hear a little bit about them throughout my talk today. But anyway, SMPY was founded in 1971 at Johns Hopkins University by my graduate advisor, Julian C. Stanley. A story perhaps first told by Mark Twain captures the essence of SMPY's work with mathematically talented students and our concern with alleviating the loss of this human resource. It also depicts a long-term outcome that our work is designed to circumvent. But what is the story by Mark Twain? Well, it's about a man who sought the greatest general who had ever lived. Upon inquiring as to where this individual might be found, he was told that the person he sought had gone to heaven. At the pearly gates he informed St. Peter of the purpose of his quest, whereupon St. Peter pointed to a soul nearby. \"But that,\" protested the inquirer, \"isn't the greatest general of all times. I knew that person when he lived on Earth and he was only a cobbler.\" \"I know that,\" replied St. Peter, \"but if he had been a general, he would have been the greatest of them all.\" When working with mathematically talented students, we attempt to find and even provide environments where their talents can best blossom and come to full fruition. What these environments consist of and learning how to provide them is the goal of our research. SMPY was first interested in identifying adolescents who possess exceptional intellectual abilities and then to ascertain the factors that contribute to their optimal educational and vocational development. To identify mathematically talented students, Stanley devised the concept of a talent search. Now, what is a talent search? Well, a talent search invites students who are in seventh and eighth grade who are already known to be gifted, that is they've already scored in the top 3% on standardized achievement tests like the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. We invite them to participate and we ask them to take the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test, the test that people on the East and the West Coast tend to take before they go off to college, the SAT. That is, to these seventh and eighth graders, we administer a test designed for above average 11th and 12th graders. The SAT has an SAT math part and an SAT verbal. The SAT math measures mathematical reasoning ability and the SAT verbal, verbal reasoning ability. Well, when we give that test, that SAT to students who are four to five years too young supposedly to take that test, they generate score distributions that are very similar to high school students. Now you may be sitting there wondering, well, what do these scores mean? Here you have a seventh and eighth grader who can earn the same score as a 12th grader but what does that score mean? If I could have my first slide. So what we've tried to do is to figure out what is the predicted validity or utility of these test scores and here in this slide what we did was that we took students that we knew were all the top 1% in intellectual ability and we put them into two groups, the top quartile of the top 1%, and a set of individuals who were in the bottom quartile of the top 1%. They were all in the top 1% but one was in the top and one was in the bottom quartile. We then looked at their academic achievements and accomplishments over 10 years from age 13 through 23. And we wanted to ask the question is there differences in achievement between those in the top and the bottom quartile? And as you can see, by looking at this slide here, there were indeed very large differences in these two groups and you can see that there's a D and there's an H, but if you look at that D statistic, what that D refers to is, for example, like a standard deviation. So the D 1.24 is that the difference is equal to 1.24 standard deviations. And so you can look and see how large those differences are but the average effect size, the average difference between the top quartile and the bottom quartile or the top 1% was 0.65 standard deviations, quite a difference. Now, a lot of people believe that after a certain point, intellectual ability doesn't make a difference. Other factors come into play. Clearly what this demonstrates here is more is better. And clearly what it demonstrates is that these scores that we obtained for these seventh and eighth graders do have meaning. They do predict eventual academic achievement. Anyway, when we administer the SAT, if I could have my, oh, I have my little thing here don't I? What happens when we administer the SAT to these seventh graders is that we are now able to spread out the talent. And if you look here, before we give the test, we have students who are all at top 3% of the ability. You cannot differentiate those students but when you give them the much more difficult SAT, you have students who score all the way from to the top score possible. Now, what some people may not realize when you look at this thing here is when you look at the IQ distribution, if you look at the distribution of IQs above, say, 130, that's 1/3 of the range of IQs that you can get and that clearly shows itself right here in that picture. Now this has very good use for us because we tend to work with extremely able students. And when we can separate the top 3% out like that, we can see who is able and who is extremely able. Today the talent search concept that Julian Stanley began in 1972 has almost 150,000 kids participating on an annual basis. We have tested well over a million kids to date and every single state in the nation has a talent search. And even we do here in Iowa, and here at ISU, we conduct the Iowa talent search which has about 5,000 kids participating in it on an annual basis. Now we work with these students that we identify, especially the able students, to try to discover what are the best ways to educate them. In the process, we've tried various interventions. The very first intervention that we worked with was a fast-paced mathematics class that we began in 1972 and in that fast-paced mathematics class, we had about 30 kids go through the entire pre-calculus curriculum that is four and a half years of math in 14 months. We did that again in 1973. Well, when we were doing that, we thought that was pretty great but after a while we thought we could do even better than that. So we changed our procedures and tried a new approach to teaching math, and in 1978, we could teach four and a half years of mathematics to these very bright kids in six weeks. And nowadays what we do here, for example, at ISU, we teach one to two years of mathematics in three weeks to our students. We've also done the same for the sciences. We can teach a whole year of high school physics, a whole year of chemistry or a whole year of biology in three weeks, including lots of time in the lab. Actually, our way we teach is through the lab. And when we administered, for example, college board achievement tests at the end of those three weeks, the average score of the students in those classes is well over 700. So they clearly have mastered the content. Now, some of you might be sitting back there and say, I find that very hard to believe. How can anybody learn high school physics in three weeks? What I say is what that points to is how inappropriate the regular curriculum is for these kids in the schools, 'cause we have demonstrated this over and over and over again and it tells us what these kids can do if they're given the opportunity. And the refinements of these types of courses that we've been working with have now really become standardized applied interventions and we do offer them here at ISU through the SciTech program or the Explorations program. And in the summer, we have about 400 kids here on the ISU campus participating in these kinds of courses. And so if you've been on campus in the summer and you start thinking, what's going on with me? Are these students getting younger? They are getting younger. They actually are younger. We have a big population and we fill up the dorms. Anyway, and some of you may even have seen some of these kids here during the academic year. We have some of our kids come in the academic year. We have, for example, a pair of twin boys who last year took, at age 15, took sophomore physics and differential equations and did very well. Some of you might've read about them in the papers. They're back here at ISU again this year taking some more courses. By the way, those kids had scored 700 on the SAT math before they turned 11. Those are the kinds of kids we work with and not always so able as that. Anyway, that is kind of the programs part of our work but an important part of what we're doing is that we're conducting a 50-year longitudinal study and this study has now completed its 20th year. Now, let me just take some time to describe what this longitudinal study is like because the data that I'm going to present to you at the end of my talk comes from this longitudinal study. In the longitudinal study, we have four cohorts of individuals. We have our first cohort of individuals who were identified in the early 1970s and this is how we identified them. Now, their ability levels were about the top 1%. Our second cohort was identified in the late 1970s and they represent the top half percent in ability. Our cohort three was identified in the early 1980s. That represents the top 1 in 10,000 of their age group. And our cohort four is a new and ever-growing cohort which now actually has about 1,000 kids in it and they too represent the top 5% of ability. Cohort four are the Iowa students who are participating in our SciTech programs. We also have a fifth cohort of students and these are individuals who are graduate students in this nation's top math/science departments. We're doing a retrospective study of these individuals. I'll talk a little bit more about them later but they're there for generalizability. How well do our findings from these cohorts generalize to another group of students who must be gifted as well? There are some nice features of the way we set up the longitudinal study. Each cohort is separated by a few years. Each cohort is being surveyed at exactly the same age. That way we can replicate findings across cohorts. Also with our cohort four, we can keep our study current. A lot of problems with longitudinal studies is by the time that they're finished, they're out of date. With our cohort four, we can keep ourselves up to date. Also with the different cohorts, we can assess the effects of history. For example, we can ask the question what difference does it make growing up being gifted in 1970 versus 1990? The times are very different. What kind of impact does that have on development? And finally, as I mentioned before, our cohort five allows us to assess generalizability. To date, what we have already collected in terms of data is that we have data on these individuals at age 13, 18, 23, and this fall, we are mailing out our 20-year follow-up survey to these individuals when they're at age 33, starting with cohort one. Now finally before I get onto my data of my talk, let me just provide you the theoretical rationale or the background for our work. Now, our work is based on a well-known model of vocational adjustment that is called the theory of work adjustment that was developed by Rene Dawis and Lloyd Lofquist at the University of Minnesota over the past 30 years. One attractive feature of this model is that it's readily extended to choice of college major and choice of a career. The general thesis behind the theory of work adjustment is that to assure vocational adjustment, we need to a good environment person fit. That is certain environments need certain people. Certain people find certain environments rewarding. To create a match between the environment and the person in order to ensure vocational satisfaction, what these individuals have done is to look and break down individual into two parts and also the environment into two parts. And we can look at the individual in terms of the abilities that they have or the skills that they can bring to a job as well as their preferences and what are the types of things that they find reinforcing? What is the type of content that they like to work with? Similarly, you can break down the environment and you can look at the environment in terms of what are the ability requirements or the skill requirements that that job needs or requires? Also what are the kinds of reinforcers that that environment can provide to the individual? In order to develop an optimal work environment, what you need is to develop correspondence between the individual's abilities and the ability requirements of the job. If the abilities of the individual and the ability and requirements of the job match, you develop satisfactoriness. If the person's preferences for certain types of reinforcers is met with the type of reinforcers the environment provides, you also have correspondence which is called satisfaction. If you have satisfactoriness and satisfaction, you are likely to remain in a career and become vocationally adjusted. So what vocational counselors do in terms of working with their clients to help them find good jobs for them or good career choices is that they assess individuals' abilities and preferences. So how do we assess these abilities and preferences? How do we conceptualize abilities? So a lot of debate going on about that but the pretty well-accepted representation of abilities is the radex. And here if you look at the radex, what you can see is if you can look at abilities and they can be grouped into three content areas, verbal, spatial, and numerical. Also within those content areas, there are different degrees of sophistication and the closer you are to the core, the more abstract, the more higher level the thinking or the skills required. And so for example, for the physical sciences which is an area that I especially focus upon, the skills that are especially required in those disciplines are numerical skills and spatial mathematical and they need to be very, very close to the core. Verbal skills are still very important but could be moved away a little bit further from the core but it's absolutely critical for a physical scientist to have skills that are very highly developed and at the most exceptional levels. Now what about preferences? How do we assess preferences? Well, one way to look at preferences is the Holland key and basically what he has done is to classify interests into six groups and they are investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional and realistic. So there are six types of individuals or interests. Another way to look at preferences is the study of values. And basically the study of values looks at preferences by breaking it down into six value types and they are theoretical, aesthetic, social, economic, religious, and political. So a lot of overlap between the study of values and the Holland's hexagon. Now, in terms of the physical sciences, what are the types of preferences that the physical sciences can reinforce? Basically what we find is that individuals who go into the physical sciences tend to have very high theoretical scores, that is they like to work with scientific ideas, philosophical ideas. They also have very high investigative and realistic interests. Also people who are very high on the social side, that is people who have very strong need for people contact, are not as readily satisfied by the physical sciences environments. That's to kind of sum it up. The physical sciences needs individuals with high math and spatial abilities and the physical sciences are rewarding to individuals with high theoretical, investigative, or realistic interests or preferences. All right, that's enough of a background. Let's just get into the talk but hopefully you can keep this in mind as I kind of start now going through the data. Basically the first thing that we identified and we looked at was to see of these mathematically talented students, these thousands of students that we're tracking throughout their adult lives and we're tracking 5,000 of them actually, we're working our way up to 6,000. Anyway, we're tracking them through their adult lives and the very first thing that we found out was that these mathematically talented students entered a math/sciences in 10 times the national rate. That is when you think of our future pool of math and scientists, they're gonna be comprised of individuals who could have been identified as mathematically talented at age 13. That's in terms of looking at gender differences along the math/science pipeline and so on. It's very appropriate to look among the mathematically talented because that's the most likely group to be in the math/sciences later on. Now within the mathematically talented students, are there students who will gravitate towards the sciences and are there students who will gravitate away to other areas and are there gender differences on the long dose factors? That's the rest of my talk. Well, let's first look at mathematical ability and I guess the article that kinda threw me into the doghouse with the women's movement in the 1980s. Basically, to go back to the talent search, in 1972 when we conducted our very first talent search, we were very surprised to find a gender difference on the SAT math scores. We weren't expecting it and when we saw it, we thought it was just purely an artifact but it wasn't an artifact. And in every single talent search that we've conducted since that time involving over a million students, there has been a gender difference on the SAT math. And here, let me just kind of show you what the extent of that gender difference is. Here we have a score of SAT verbal score. Here we have a distribution of SAT verbal scores and as you can see, for the boys and girls participating in our talent search at age 12, 13, there are no gender differences in SAT verbal scores. Here's the score distribution of SAT math scores. Now here you see quite a different picture and here what you can see is that the distribution of scores for males is negatively skewed and also you can see that the males are much more variable. So matter of fact, if you could superimpose the distribution of female scores on top of the SAT verbal distributions, they would be indistinguishable. What we have here is that the male distributions are very different from what you, at least as a psychologist, would expect to find. We always think everything's gonna be normally distributed and here you can see that's not the case. And you can see that the boys are here. So what kind of gender differences does this kind of score distribution create? At the mean it's about 0.4 standard deviations but that's not the interesting part of this data at all. The interesting part of this data are your ratios at the tip, at the high end of the scale. If you look at the average score of our seventh grade males, which is 421, what you find at the average is that they are 1.5 males for every female. If you look at the average score for a college-bound 12th grade male, which is 500, you find two males for every female scoring that highly. If you look at the score of 600 which is the 83rd percentile college-bound senior males, you have four boys for every girl who scores that highly. And finally when you look at that elite level of scoring of 700 to 800 on the SATM before age 13, we have 13 boys for every girl scoring that highly. These ratios have been stable for the last 20 years. They have not been changing. We have found them in Germany as well as in China. But the gender differences among the gifted in mathematical reasoning ability are also accompanied by gender differences in spatial and mechanical comprehension abilities. So this is not the only difference that we're dealing with when we look at gender differences and abilities. If you look at this slide here which, hmm, might be hard to read, here, what we have are data of individuals in our cohort four. So these are the Iowa students participating in our SciTech program. Now we have data on these individuals obtained over four years. And as you can see if you're close enough, you can see that data for all of these years continually replicates. And what we find here is that again, here's the gender difference on the SAT math scores. No gender difference to speak of on the SAT verbal score. On the advanced radex which is supposed to be a non-verbal measure that's what people say, a nice measure of general intelligence, there are no gender differences. But if you look at spatial ability, three-dimensional rotation only, that's the only spatial ability that shows a gender difference, but if you look at that, you'll see that there are quite some large gender differences there and also on mechanical comprehension and although I don't have data for 1992 on here because we only had one box filled in, I did run the data from 1992 and the gender difference again replicates and for 1992 it's 0.8 standard deviations is the gender difference on mechanical comprehension tests. So what we have here then is that among the mathematically talented, among individuals who are at least the top 1%, is that we have gender differences in mathematical reasoning ability that are compounded by gender differences in spatial mechanical comprehension abilities. So if you think of that theory of work adjustment and you think about the ability requirements of the physical sciences, in terms of the critical abilities needed for success in the physical sciences, we have gender differences in all of them and they're quite large and they've been stable for 20 years. Interestingly, if you look at these kids when they get to end of high school or end of college and you look at their achievement test scores in math and science, what we find is that even though those boys and girls have taken the exact same courses throughout their high school years, we find gender differences in achievement. Somehow the boys have retained or acquired more knowledge than the females for whatever reasons. Now we've looked at abilities but that's the only part of the picture. What about values or preferences? Are there differences there that can make the disparities among the abilities perhaps even worse? And what we find if you go back and look at this slide here again is if you look at the theoretical score, you look at it here and you look at the boys versus the girls, what we find is that the boys have very peaked theoretical scores. That is they're primarily theoretically oriented. The girls, however, are more evenly distributed along theoretical, aesthetic, or social. So again, what we find here is that the boys, what I would prefer to say that the boys are much more narrowly focused and the girls are more broadly focused. Now, what about the other way of looking at values and preferences, the Holland's theme? Here is from another group of mathematically gifted students and here what you see again is a different pattern of preference, preference profiles, and you can see again that the boys are peaked on investigative while the girls have just as high investigative interests but they have other competing interests of very equal value. Like look at, for example, the females' artistic scores. So again, what we find here are that the girls that more broadly developed and the boys are more focused. And indeed, that's what we find in terms of looking at how are these students enrolled in our courses during the summer. We find that 83% of our boys will enroll in either a math or science course and 50% of the girls will. What we say is that the girls don't like the sciences any less than the boys do. They just have other competing interests. And what basically in terms of if you think about the math/science pipeline and what the implications are for this is when we select students for undergraduate school and graduate school, we tend to select them on their math and verbal reasoning abilities. So there the girls are somewhat at a disadvantage. But compounding that is self-selection and what we find is that individuals self-select in or out of the sciences based on their ability and value profiles, and so more of the females will self-select out of the sciences. They will choose other careers that is more congruent with their interest and value profiles. Before I actually show you what the implications of this data are down the road, let me just show you one more factor that works on the females' choice and that is preferences for full-time employment by mathematically precocious individuals. Here we have individuals who are one, two, and three, so you almost have here 20 years' worth of students. And what we ask them is what is your preference for continuous full-time work? And as we can see, essentially all the males say that they are gonna work full-time until retirement but only 50% or so of the females are. And this hasn't been changing over the last 20 years. Surely this type of planning must have an impact on the kind of career decisions that they make. Okay, up to this point, what I have done is describe the students at age 13. Now the critical question is does this have any bearing or relationship to educational and vocational outcomes? All right, again, to kind of remind you, what I'm gonna be presenting now is data on these cohorts. Here you have again what the cohorts are and what I'll first present to you, the data from cohort one. Then I'm gonna go on with that data from cohort two and finally data from cohort three. So keep in mind as you look at these different groups and look at the decisions that they make at age 23, keep in mind that as we go down, it gets more and more able. This is top 1%, top half percent, top 1 in 10,000. Okay, so what are the career decisions that these kids make at age 23? So what we've done here is we have individuals in terms of their career aspirations, whether they're gonna have a bachelor's degree only, less than a doctorate, no further than a doctorate or more. And here you have it broken down by the various types of majors if you look. Now if you look at the slide, there's several trends that you can look at. You can see that there are many more males who are choosing to enter careers in the math sciences. You can also look at that slide and you can see that the males are especially likely to be found in the more quantitatively oriented sciences. Males also have higher educational aspirations. And then the gender differences get larger with the higher, with higher the educational level such that if you look at this box right here, what you find is, and we have less than 1% of the top 1% females in mathematical ability, less than 1% at age 23 will be pursuing doctorates in mathematics, engineering or the physical sciences. Less than 1% of the top 1%. That's pretty astounding. At least I think so. Eight times as many males are doing so. All right, that's cohort one we identified in the early 1970s. What about cohort two? Now remember, cohort two is a much more select group so you probably would expect to find them more highly represented in the sciences. And indeed we do, but again, if you look at that table and study it, the exact same patterns that we found for cohort one is now found for another cohort of gifted students identified five years later on the average. Again, gender differences in science participation. Males are again clustered in the more quantitative oriented careers. Again, the gender differences get larger with each educational level. Now then, what about cohort three? Now remember, what we have here are individuals who before age 13 scored at least 700 on SAT math or at least 630 on the SAT verbal. Those two scores are at the same percentile rank and some of those who scored both. All I have here is actually data for them at age 18. They haven't gotten old enough yet. We're just surveying them right now at age 23 so that data isn't in yet. But the data that we have them at age 18, again, what you can see here is first of all you can see how few females we have. We have 157 males scored 700 versus 17 females. Now some of you guys say, well, gee, you know, why did you quit so early? Well, it took us five years to get that many females. It just takes a very long time. Actually, we have a few more than that but they get lost when they move. Anyway, what you can see here is that even among students, among females and males in the top 1 in 10,000 of mathematical ability, you still find the gender differences in career choices. Now some of you, you know, since we're all here in academia, the next question that you might think about is, well, how many of these kids, they're not kids anymore but how many of these individuals are planning to go on for careers in academia? And is there a gender difference? What we find is that there's twice as many males than females who plan to go on for careers in academia, university teaching or research broadly defined. So again, a gender difference. And so females are just not choosing those same type of tracks. Now the critical question is at this point is that among these mathematically talented students, can we predict at age 13 using our variables, can we predict who's going to be here versus who's gonna be here? And so again, to just remind you about our model and that the basic things that we're looking for is abilities and values and preferences. So we have followed up these kids and we studied everything, not everything they did but we studied a lot of things they did and the kids think we studied everything, they get so tired of filling out our questionnaires, but anyway, we looked at family background. We looked at high school course-taking, college course-taking, self-concepts. We'd really tried to profile these kids very extensively. And of course we looked at abilities and preferences to see what are the factors, are there factors that could separate these two groups, those in the math/sciences and those outside of it. And there were two factors that did the best job. That is there were differences, those kids in the math/sciences were more mathematically able and also in the other specific abilities, but most importantly, the biggest difference of all was in values. And that is if you take a theoretical score and you subtract away the social from it, so you in a way have set up a dimension of people versus things, so you take theoretical minus social, that is the very best predictor of whether you'll be in the math/sciences 10 years later. Also there were differences in investigative and realistic. So yes, on this data, what we can say is that we can, we can predict with fairly good accuracy among these top 1% kids who is likely to be in the math/sciences and who is not. And we have replicated these findings across several cohorts. Now, at this point in time you might be wondering, well, now, that's a pretty special sample that they're dealing with here. How well does this generalize to the rest of us? So what we started this last spring, we started a retrospective study of individuals who are enrolled with top math/science departments in this country and we surveyed almost 1,000 individuals, half females, half males. It was quite a job, let me tell you, to find those females. Anyway, we got the responses in and now we're trying to see do the findings that we have for this SMPY cohort replicate for this other group of students who by, clearly, by all definitions must be considered mathematically or scientifically talented. They wouldn't be graduate students at the top math/science departments if they were not. All right, first thing we did was to look at their values. And again, what we found is that the theoretical value is their predominant value. And again, you can look at those preference profiles but you could see the gender differences that we found in our sample and you can see that it goes exactly the way it went for the other groups of students. But clearly here is the big one. As a matter of fact, if you look at the literature, what we generally find is that physical scientists tend to be very high on theoretical, extremely low on religious and low on social. That's just the way our math talented kids are and that's just way these graduate students are. What about their abilities? Got the GRE scores. You got their SAT scores too. And these are seventh grade scores by the way. These are 12th grade scores and so on. Now we didn't select them because they were talent search participants, but a lot of them were. Okay, if you look at the scores here, what we have here are cohort two. This is the SMPY group so what you wanna look at for now against this cohort two here is cohort five is that you wanna look at the red arrows and you can look at their scores on the GREQ, GRE verbal. Clearly the scores, the averages are in the mid 700s. The mode on GRE Quant for these kids is, the most frequent score is 800. That is the most frequent score for these kids in the top math/science departments. And you can look at their SAT math scores. Now, the question for me was, the critical question for me was at the time when these individuals were in seventh grade, the talent search concept was not as widely spread as it is now. So now, as I mentioned, we have 150,000 kids taking these tests. When they were in seventh grade, we didn't have that many kids. It wasn't all across the country. It was just isolated in certain states and participation was relatively low. So what we did was that we gave a very complete description of what is a talent search, how you qualify for it, and if you did qualify for it. So we asked the students reading this one-page description, would you have qualified for the talent search? 93% said, yes, they would have. There were actually individuals who had participated in our talent search. 15% of them had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115586#t=0.0,2798.256"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Fairly good confidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=5.36,7.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those individuals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=7.91,9.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who will be our future math scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=9.47,12.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in top ranked departments at age 13.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=12.36,16.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, for some discriminant validity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=18.45,21.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look at this slide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=21.52,24.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or look at the previous slides, that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=26.276,28.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you saw that some of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=28.27,30.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were in those social science areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=30.52,32.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"law, business and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=32.02,33.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, within our samples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=33.98,35.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although we primarily have focused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=35.29,37.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on mathematically talented students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=37.05,39.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within our samples,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=39.02,40.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have individuals who are primarily verbally talented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=40.0,43.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the question is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=43.65,45.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what are the career choices of those individuals?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=45.34,47.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we look at the career choices of those individuals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=49.1,51.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we find is that the verbally talented among our group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=51.6,54.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the ones that became the lawyers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=54.83,56.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the businessmen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=56.91,57.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I feel that we have pretty powerful data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=64.61,67.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that speaks to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=67.4,69.274"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that certain environments attract certain people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=69.274,73.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that certain people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=74.65,75.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are attracted to certain environments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=75.85,78.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for the physical sciences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=78.56,80.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the type of individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=80.57,82.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that seem to find the physical sciences appealing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=82.35,85.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"satisfactory, so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=85.52,88.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are individuals with high math and spatial abilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=88.18,91.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very high theoretical or investigative preferences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=91.85,95.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can identify these individuals at age 13","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=96.87,100.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fairly well make a prediction about their career choice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=100.96,104.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a lot of people think of psychology as a soft science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=104.88,109.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I get ribbed about that a lot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=109.94,112.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think what this speaks to is the power of psychology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=112.26,116.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what is variables can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=116.75,118.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We may be a soft science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=118.61,119.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that doesn't mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=119.97,121.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't have powerful variables that we're dealing with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=121.5,124.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And finally, if I haven't given you enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=125.7,128.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think about here and ponder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=128.7,130.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm certainly open for alternative interpretations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=130.27,134.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I told you before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=134.199,135.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not used to having people readily agree with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=135.66,138.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just give you one more thing to think about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=140.68,142.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you could turn on the lights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=142.84,143.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll put on the overhead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=143.97,145.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turn on the slide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=145.49,146.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had to put this one up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=147.72,149.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=149.707,152.124"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna go through the 10 years of work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=168.75,172.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that brought me to this picture here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=172.02,173.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that actually came in the mail two days ago to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=173.71,177.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is 10 years of work that has led to this picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=178.55,182.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you see on this picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=182.21,184.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a hemispheric activation patterns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=185.29,187.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what you see here is a gifted brain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=189.28,194.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you may say so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=194.15,195.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and an average ability brain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=195.42,196.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's the male,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=198.1,199.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here's the female.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=199.43,200.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we're looking here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=201.5,202.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the individual's process at a baseline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=202.61,207.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're looking at a blank slide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=208.72,210.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we kinda knew what they did normally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=210.11,212.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then they were asked to process some spatial stimuli,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=212.97,216.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then what we did was we,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=218.99,220.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they were processing the spatial stimuli,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=220.6,223.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we read through the EEG,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=223.89,225.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their hemispheric activation patterns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=225.33,227.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you look at this slide here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=228.63,230.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this picture right here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=230.17,232.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you can see is that different parts of the brain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=232.09,235.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the mathematically talented child","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=235.72,238.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is active than in the average ability child,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=238.19,243.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's also gender differences here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=243.37,246.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=246.28,247.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the mathematically talented male at age 13,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=247.53,251.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we've now replicated these findings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=251.08,252.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it's not just from one group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=252.96,254.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've replicated it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=254.26,255.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that mathematically talented males","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=255.94,259.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have unusually active right hemispheres.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=259.27,262.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we see here is the lighter it gets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=263.89,266.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more active that part of the hemisphere is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=266.88,269.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So here, left hemisphere, right hemisphere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=269.63,271.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=271.99,273.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they're processing that spatial stimuli,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=273.16,276.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you see here is that the male brain is very active","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=276.03,279.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over here in the right hemisphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=279.87,281.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The female brain (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=281.44,282.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=285.2,286.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a little different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=286.033,287.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what we have found here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=290.39,291.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there is a biological basis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=292.82,296.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or there's a biological basis at least at age 13.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=297.38,301.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How that became biological,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=301.07,302.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can't determine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=302.52,303.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's probably the interaction with the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=303.62,306.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But maybe a physiological basis here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=306.35,308.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it says that basically mathematically gifted males","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=308.82,311.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are using different parts of the brain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=312.97,314.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they're processing stimuli.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=314.64,316.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I guess with that thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=318.51,319.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is where I will conclude tonight's talk, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=319.77,322.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=324.094,326.344"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27299/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/299/original/AV204112_The_Math_and_Science_Pipeline_b.vtt?1622143532","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/299/original/AV204112_The_Math_and_Science_Pipeline_b.vtt?1622143532"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27300","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204112_The_Math_and_Science_Pipeline_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587/transcript/27300/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Fairly good confidence, those individuals, who will be our future math scientists in top ranked departments at age 13. Finally, for some discriminant validity, if you look at this slide, or look at the previous slides, that is, you saw that some of the people were in those social science areas, law, business and so on. Well, within our samples, although we primarily have focused on mathematically talented students, within our samples, we have individuals who are primarily verbally talented. And the question is, what are the career choices of those individuals? When we look at the career choices of those individuals, what we find is that the verbally talented among our group are the ones that became the lawyers and the businessmen. I feel that we have pretty powerful data that speaks to, that certain environments attract certain people and that certain people are attracted to certain environments. And for the physical sciences, the type of individuals that seem to find the physical sciences appealing, satisfactory, so on, are individuals with high math and spatial abilities and very high theoretical or investigative preferences. And we can identify these individuals at age 13 and fairly well make a prediction about their career choice. And a lot of people think of psychology as a soft science, and I get ribbed about that a lot, but I think what this speaks to is the power of psychology and what is variables can do. We may be a soft science, but that doesn't mean we don't have powerful variables that we're dealing with. And finally, if I haven't given you enough to think about here and ponder, and I'm certainly open for alternative interpretations. As I told you before, I'm not used to having people readily agree with me. Let me just give you one more thing to think about. If you could turn on the lights, we'll put on the overhead, turn on the slide. I had to put this one up. I'm not gonna go through the 10 years of work that brought me to this picture here that actually came in the mail two days ago to me. But it is 10 years of work that has led to this picture. What you see on this picture is a hemispheric activation patterns. And what you see here is a gifted brain, you may say so, and an average ability brain. Here's the male, here's the female. What we're looking here is the individual's process at a baseline. We're looking at a blank slide so we kinda knew what they did normally. Then they were asked to process some spatial stimuli, then what we did was we, as they were processing the spatial stimuli, we read through the EEG, their hemispheric activation patterns. And if you look at this slide here, this picture right here, what you can see is that different parts of the brain in the mathematically talented child is active than in the average ability child, and there's also gender differences here. What we find with the mathematically talented male at age 13, and we've now replicated these findings so it's not just from one group, we've replicated it, is that mathematically talented males have unusually active right hemispheres. And what we see here is the lighter it gets, the more active that part of the hemisphere is. So here, left hemisphere, right hemisphere, you can see, when they're processing that spatial stimuli, what you see here is that the male brain is very active over here in the right hemisphere. The female brain , you can see, it's a little different. So what we have found here is that there is a biological basis or there's a biological basis at least at age 13. How that became biological, we can't determine, it's probably the interaction with the environment. But maybe a physiological basis here, and it says that basically mathematically gifted males are using different parts of the brain when they're processing stimuli. And I guess with that thought is where I will conclude tonight's talk, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42947/file/115587#t=0.0,337.776"}]}]}]}