{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/r785h7ck1f/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ehrlich, Anne H., Preserving Biodiversity"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203872 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Preserving Biodiversity is a November 6, 1989 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Anne Ehrlich. Anne Ehrlich discusses the harm that human land usage does to ecosystems.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Oldsmobile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=8.63,10.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with its lights on out in the parking lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=10.73,12.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(muffled speaking) Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=14.497,15.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'd like to welcome everybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=15.33,16.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the second night of the Institute on World Affairs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=16.48,19.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles) Our topic this year is a global environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=21.516,25.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before I introduced tonight's speaker,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=25.5,27.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to now announcements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=27.34,28.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, I'd like to mention the events of tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=28.95,31.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At noon, we have Paul Watson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=31.9,33.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with \"Aggressive Nonviolence and the Environment,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=33.32,36.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at three, we have the film \"Banking on Disaster,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=36.56,38.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at eight we have Alexander Coburn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=38.93,41.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with \"Lands, Trees, and Justice:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=41.34,43.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Politics and the Environment.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=43.03,45.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After tonight's lecture, there'll be a reception hosted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=45.03,47.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Student Environmental Council at the Women's Center.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=47.54,50.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our lecture tonight is Anne Ehrlich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=50.91,53.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She is the associate director","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=53.58,55.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Center for Conservation Biology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=55.1,57.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and senior research associate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=57.78,59.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Biological Sciences at Stanford University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=59.37,62.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has received numerous awards and serves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=62.36,65.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the boards of the Center for Innovative Diplomacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=65.42,68.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Pacific Institute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=68.22,69.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=69.82,72.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She has coauthored a half a dozen books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=72.61,74.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including earth ecoscience, and extinction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=74.54,78.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She does have a book coming out early next year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=78.0,80.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called \"Population Explosion.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=80.39,82.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please join me in welcoming Anne Ehrlich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=82.64,85.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=85.473,88.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you. Good evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=100.869,103.036"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been asked to talk about preserving biodiversity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=104.02,107.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to do that, I'm going to ask several questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=108.61,112.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I hope I answer them for you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=112.68,115.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First one is what is biodiversity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=115.12,118.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the second one is what's the problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=119.72,122.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's causing it, and why should we care?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=122.36,125.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does it mean, if anything, for our future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=128.03,130.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is there anything being done about the problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=132.24,135.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and finally, what each and every one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=135.24,138.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of us can do as individuals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=138.96,141.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a rather depressing subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=142.76,144.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I find that people usually end up saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=144.29,147.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh, it's too awful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=147.407,148.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't face it. I can't deal with it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=148.61,150.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you tell them there are things that they can do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=150.58,153.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even at home, just in their own families,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=153.63,157.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they feel a lot better about it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=158.04,159.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they feel there really is a problem they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=159.147,161.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can get a piece of and deal with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=161.04,163.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also not depressing you too thoroughly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=166.373,169.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe offering a ray of hope, here it is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=169.36,174.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"preserving biodiversity and what is it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=174.08,176.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the simplest possible definition is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=177.13,180.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's all the other life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=180.62,182.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we share this small planet with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=182.88,184.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As far as we know, it's the only life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=184.91,187.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the entire universe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=187.65,189.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somewhere between five and 30 million species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=190.75,194.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"share this little planet with us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=194.1,196.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably, most of 'em are insects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=198.68,202.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or other small animals, invertebrates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=203.76,206.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Out of that, as many as 30 million species,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=207.69,211.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe 1/4 of a million, are higher plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=211.87,215.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very important pieces of biodiversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=215.69,218.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They, in fact, are the foundation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=219.92,221.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all animal life, which includes ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=221.65,224.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe 100,000 species are fungi and algae,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=226.97,230.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things you don't notice very much in your daily lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=230.59,233.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they, too, play important roles on this planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=233.09,235.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only about 4,000 of them are mammals like us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=237.65,241.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a much smaller group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=243.7,244.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're a lot more aware of them, by and large,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=244.9,247.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe 20,000 different kinds of fishes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=247.99,250.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10,000 or so birds, and maybe 9,000 reptiles and amphibians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=250.29,255.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The overwhelming majority, as I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=257.37,259.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are obscure animals, insects, most of them living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=259.18,263.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the canopy of the tropical forests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=263.01,265.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they've never even been seen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=265.47,267.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let alone described by scientists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=267.22,269.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in addition to 30 million different species,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=272.0,276.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an enormous variety of life, you must agree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=276.25,280.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are billions of genetically distinct populations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=280.13,284.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all kinds of organisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=284.98,286.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's that genetic variation that really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=288.72,291.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a value that we worry about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=291.99,294.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we talk about saving biodiversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=294.18,296.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what is the problem?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=298.65,300.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we have this planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=300.55,302.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems to be absolutely teeming with life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=302.14,305.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why are we worried?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=305.91,306.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extinction, after all, is a part of the whole system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=308.79,312.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Darwin himself talked about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=313.61,315.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a part of the process of evolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=315.3,317.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New species evolve all the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=317.99,319.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the same time, others go extinct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=320.88,323.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's always been that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=323.86,325.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You could think of it as the dark side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=326.92,329.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the evolutionary process that eventually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=329.11,331.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after four and a half billion years of evolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=331.64,333.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this little planet, led to us and our fellow passengers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=333.74,338.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem, really, is one of rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=341.26,344.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How fast, how frequently are species or populations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=345.89,350.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genetically distinct ones, being pushed to extinction?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=351.37,355.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, scientists can really only guess at that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=357.5,360.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause we haven't really documented exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=360.55,363.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's happening in any detail.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=363.38,364.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After all, we've only described a small fraction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=364.94,367.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps one a million species out of those 30 million,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=367.87,370.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it's a little hard to know exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=371.86,373.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's going on everywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=373.46,374.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But their best guess is that the present rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=376.31,380.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the foreseeable rate in the next few decades is 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year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=857.37,859.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for burning off the Amazon, but it's still going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=859.02,863.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Brazilian government is slowly changing its policies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=865.13,869.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it alternates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=869.1,872.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between resenting interference from the north","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=872.8,875.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and being relatively in a cooperative mood.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=875.98,880.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it depends who talked to them last,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=880.41,882.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it was a Brazilian businessman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=882.79,884.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or somebody from the north.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=884.41,885.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case, it's not exactly clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=887.21,888.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's going to happen in Brazil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=888.84,890.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're about to have presidential election,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=890.31,892.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the latest candidate in the field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=892.54,894.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a television personality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=894.28,895.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who apparently has no platform at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=895.81,898.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we'll see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=898.46,899.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, one further thing to 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about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=906.05,907.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we all should be concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=907.38,909.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for reasons that I'll get into more later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=909.53,911.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one major reason I'll mention right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=913.52,916.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that this deforestation of tropical forests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=916.23,919.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a major contributor to global warming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=919.07,921.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is estimated that, of the carbon dioxide alone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=923.27,926.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the addition to the atmosphere, tropical forest cutting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=926.96,931.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and burning accounts for somewhere between 20 and 30%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=931.46,935.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is roughly 1/4 of the CO2 added to the atmosphere comes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=935.35,940.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from cutting and burning those forests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=940.3,942.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, how are things going at home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=945.53,947.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not as well as you might hope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=949.08,951.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our record, incidentally, in forest preservation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=951.09,953.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not exactly perfect, so we need to clean up our own act","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=953.4,957.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we talk too sternly to the Brazilians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=957.52,959.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about burning their 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warming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=965.56,968.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or other things that theirs does,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=968.11,970.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we certainly aren't doing it at that rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=970.33,972.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when the island biogeographers took a look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=973.7,976.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at North America, they also found some things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=976.51,978.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to worry about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=978.9,979.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They took a look at our national parks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=980.75,982.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This includes both the United States and Canada,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=982.73,985.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they looked at the large animal fauna that is mammals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=986.41,989.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In parks that were smaller than 10,000 kilometers square,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=992.02,997.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was all but two of 'em in Canada,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=998.38,1000.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somewhere anywhere between seven and 43% of the species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1001.94,1005.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of large animals are already gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1005.82,1008.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In parts that were smaller than 4,000 kilometers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1009.97,1014.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they had lost upwards of 23%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1014.31,1016.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is 1/4 of the large animal fauna.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1016.953,1019.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're seeing losses right here at home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1023.65,1026.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the islandization of our own national parks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1026.42,1029.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course what's causing it? You and me, all of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1031.1,1035.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our growing population, there's 5.2 and a half,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1036.76,1041.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, roughly 5 1/4 billion people and still growing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1041.31,1046.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We do it directly or we do it indirectly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1047.84,1050.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There've been plenty of direct extinctions 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system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1373.7,1376.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They provide civilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1377.57,1378.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with vital indispensable free services","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1378.92,1383.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we mostly don't even think about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1383.03,1384.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We take them for granted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1384.6,1385.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're not things that we can replace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1386.78,1388.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we can replace them, we do a relatively poor job of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1389.92,1393.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of the time, we couldn't possibly on the scale required","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1394.56,1397.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or we wouldn't have any idea how to start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1397.74,1399.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are these indispensable services?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1400.87,1402.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the first one is take a deep 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ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1423.64,1426.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would not have been breathable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1426.54,1428.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There would've been far too little oxygen in 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way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1441.81,1443.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Green plants photosynthesizing put oxygen in the atmosphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1444.73,1449.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, of course, if all the green plants died 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diminished,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1455.06,1457.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we would die of starvation in the meantime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1458.69,1460.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But on the other hand, they are 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hot?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1473.42,1476.101"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1476.101,1478.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's those 100-watt bodies out there, I 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influenced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1489.17,1492.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and regulated by natural ecosystems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1492.73,1494.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a service we only notice when we lose 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often,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1532.07,1533.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you find the streams become less dependable, let's say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1533.93,1538.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes they're dry for long periods of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1538.8,1541.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then there's floods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1541.56,1542.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So floods and droughts and the 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gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1550.36,1553.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The floods in Bangladesh that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1554.62,1556.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may have remembered hearing about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1556.96,1558.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"2/3 of the country was underwater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1558.89,1561.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"50 million people were rendered homeless on the spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1561.57,1565.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It wasn't exactly a freak act of God.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1567.17,1571.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It can be traced, for instance, to deforestation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1572.54,1575.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up in the Himalayas and to dam building by the Indians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1575.37,1580.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who tended not to store up the water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1580.02,1582.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to let it go on through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1582.82,1584.515"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(muffled speaking) Bangladesh, what do they care?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1584.515,1586.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the Bangladeshis are talking to the Indians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1588.42,1590.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about that, but in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1590.61,1592.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dams wouldn't have been necessary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1592.52,1594.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but for the deforestation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1594.37,1595.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bangladesh is also very susceptible to typhoons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1599.36,1602.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and flooding from the sea, storm surges and the like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1602.45,1607.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in part because they have removed their coastal wetlands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1607.85,1612.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and turned them into rice patties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1613.43,1615.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's another ecosystem service,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1617.62,1620.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buffering services along coasts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1620.69,1622.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flood control services, even in places like Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1624.24,1627.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you drain the wetlands and turn them into farms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1629.05,1631.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you suddenly find that the rivers jump","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1631.78,1633.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the banks more often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1633.44,1634.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1640.21,1641.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's supplies freshwater,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1641.16,1642.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those steady streams that I mentioned being one aspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1642.67,1646.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the recharging of aquifers being another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1647.66,1650.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And another set of things that naturally ecosystems do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1652.99,1655.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to supply all the nutrients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1655.76,1658.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we and all other organisms need.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1658.86,1661.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They recycle them through the entire system continuously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1661.15,1665.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are absolutely essential for successful farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1668.13,1671.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the other side of that same coin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1673.86,1675.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is disposal of wastes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1675.71,1677.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the process of breaking down the wastes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1678.69,1681.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the organisms that do it, the decomposers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1681.9,1684.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"release the nutrients that were in the organic matter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1684.42,1687.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and make it available again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1688.64,1689.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the next generation of green plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1689.79,1691.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They control the vast majority of pests and diseases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1694.25,1697.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were quite a few strange new diseases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1701.12,1703.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have appeared in recent years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=1703.87,1705.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"AIDS being one rather obvious 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globally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2036.97,2040.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are other things to look at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2042.52,2044.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What percentage or what fraction global 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That's not the whole of our impacts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2141.61,2145.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because human beings in the process of modifying the earth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2147.27,2149.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to suit themselves have ended up in losing productivity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2149.81,2154.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we reduced the potential productivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2155.72,2159.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a good deal of land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2159.28,2160.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do we do this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2160.86,2161.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we've all heard of desertification is one good 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farms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2170.27,2172.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By and large, farms are not quite as productive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2172.42,2176.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly as forests and probably not as grasslands often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2176.77,2181.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you think about it, you can see why.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2181.77,2183.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For one thing, crops are not grown for the entire year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2183.38,2186.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they don't occupy the land as densely, either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2188.2,2191.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Exceptions to this would be cases of multiple cropping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2192.46,2195.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes irrigated areas are more productive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2195.67,2199.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than they would be otherwise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2199.52,2201.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in general, agriculture is less productive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2201.89,2204.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than whatever it replaces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2204.23,2205.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we convert a forest to a pasture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2207.33,2209.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are losing productivity, and obviously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2209.9,2213.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the land that we've paved over is not producing anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2213.22,2217.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it may be producing greenbacks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2218.71,2220.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it isn't producing any plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2220.22,2221.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Altogether, when that's added up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2223.42,2224.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we count it as a loss on land of about 13%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2224.83,2229.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is a rough estimate because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2230.88,2232.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where do you start with the conversion factors?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2232.39,2234.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you start in 8,000 BC or do you start in 1950 or?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2234.98,2239.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the problem with going before 1950","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2243.4,2246.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is we're a little unsure of exactly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2246.07,2247.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what was converted from what.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2247.88,2249.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So most of this is mostly post 1950.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2250.77,2254.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And furthermore, the effects of pollution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2257.44,2259.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which may be suppressing productivity in many cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2259.84,2262.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think of acid rain, for one thing, are not included","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2262.87,2267.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor on what might be an offsetting effect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2267.21,2269.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is fertilizing effects from pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2269.97,2273.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CO2, for example, is thought that it may fertilize crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2273.09,2277.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other plants so as to increase their productivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2277.577,2282.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also nitrogen oxides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2282.8,2287.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are major component of acid rain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2289.06,2291.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are also considered fertilizing, in effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2291.02,2293.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So weeding those things out but taking in this 13% loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2295.74,2299.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on land, the total we get, the total impact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2299.31,2303.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including the direct and the indirect and the losses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2303.15,2308.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to nearly 40% on land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2308.11,2311.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"So what?\" you might say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2313.977,2315.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"60% is still left for the rest of 'em.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2315.047,2317.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That should be enough.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2317.41,2318.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's amazing how many people are on unruffled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2320.75,2325.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the thought that 40% of the primary productivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2325.34,2329.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the planets we've taken over by human beings on land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2329.85,2333.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even if you add in the oceans and average it out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2334.7,2337.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's still a good 25%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2337.0,2340.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It scares biologists. I'll tell you that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2340.01,2343.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very scary, particularly when you consider the demographers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2345.21,2349.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are telling us that this population is likely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2349.15,2351.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to double before it's even growing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2351.64,2353.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 billion people already occupying 2/3","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2355.72,2359.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the planet's land surface?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2359.9,2362.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2364.3,2365.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are probably fairly conservative figures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2366.68,2369.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they were made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2369.01,2370.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we had the most recent deforestation figures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2370.12,2373.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the tropics, and it's turned out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2373.13,2376.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's going much faster than anybody thought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2376.49,2379.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are the implications for the stability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2382.1,2384.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the remaining natural ecosystems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2384.09,2386.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those are the questions where you just want one answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2386.56,2389.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what about global warming?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2390.96,2392.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's that gonna do when it starts changing climate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2393.84,2396.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a rate 10 to 60 times faster","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2396.55,2399.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than any of that's been experienced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2399.9,2401.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last million years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2401.35,2403.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the last 10,000 years, we came out of an ice age,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2405.84,2408.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it seems that the flora and the fauna","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2408.87,2411.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have adjusted quite nicely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2411.69,2413.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sure they did. They had several thousand years to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2414.73,2418.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Furthermore, they didn't have any barriers to migration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2418.21,2421.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They could move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2421.26,2422.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even trees can move if you give them enough centuries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2423.41,2426.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to move in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2426.88,2427.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They didn't have farms and cities and freeways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2429.89,2432.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and airports blocking the migration routes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2432.69,2436.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they do. Now they have to island hop very fast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2436.75,2440.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're going to see if the climatologists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2445.82,2449.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"write a period of shifting climate zones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2449.13,2453.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's going to have a heavy impact on agriculture, too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2453.03,2455.527"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm not going to talk about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2455.527,2458.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There haven't been very many studies yet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2458.16,2460.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what's going to happen to natural ecosystems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2460.447,2462.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the ones that there have been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2462.64,2464.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do not suggest a very happy situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2467.847,2470.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some species, obviously, are going to be more susceptible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2472.23,2474.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to global warming and the changes it brings to than others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2474.9,2477.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right there, you have disruption of ecosystems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2478.69,2481.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as the systems change, losing some, dropping out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2484.3,2489.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have one more big reason to make a concerted effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2490.35,2493.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to slow up the greenhouse warming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2493.91,2495.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and, if we can, to curb some of the other assaults","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2497.63,2500.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're producing, whether it's from acid precipitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2500.02,2504.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or pesticides or what have you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2504.92,2506.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I've painted a rather grim picture. What's being done?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2508.05,2511.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is anybody looking out for biodiversity?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2513.82,2516.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I'm happy to tell you there's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2517.76,2519.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"been an enormous increase in public interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2519.18,2521.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and public concern in the last 10 years or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2521.4,2525.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Environmental groups have been very active putting pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2527.28,2531.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only on our government, where it might respond, anyway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2531.58,2536.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from development agencies, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2537.804,2540.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"being very concerned about the tropical rainforests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2540.15,2542.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have successfully puts quite a bit of pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2542.64,2545.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on, for instance, the World Bank, which has, at long last,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2545.24,2549.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"finally begun to incorporate ecological concerns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2549.78,2552.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into its planning, at least at some level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2552.69,2556.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the World Bank is a large institution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2556.87,2559.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With all that that implies, it is not going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2559.6,2562.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to stop on a dime and turn around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2562.19,2564.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at least it is beginning to move in the right direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2564.05,2568.885"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of the other agencies are following.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2568.885,2571.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been some legislation introduced in Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2577.2,2580.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps the most salient here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2583.12,2584.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the omnibus greenhouse warming bills","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2584.99,2588.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are in both houses in the Senate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2588.93,2592.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sponsored by Senator Timothy Wirth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2592.17,2594.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the House of Representatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2595.36,2597.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sponsored by Claudine Schneider.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2597.13,2599.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These were the initiators, and both bills","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2602.52,2604.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a good many other legislators signed onto them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2604.93,2608.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would urge you to find out whether your representatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2610.29,2613.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are included, and if they're not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2613.55,2615.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask them \"why not\" and suggest that they do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2616.57,2620.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But more than that, we gotta push","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2622.06,2623.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get these bills passed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2623.32,2625.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are international agreements having to 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C-I-T-E-S,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2633.93,2638.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've forgotten what it means.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2638.47,2640.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's an international 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exchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=2997.56,3001.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for land to be set aside and treated as a reserve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3001.85,3005.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first one was done in Costa Rica a few years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3007.17,3009.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was another shortly after that in Bolivia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3009.84,3013.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I understand that the new debt 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sits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3044.66,3046.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was an Illinois congressman who was sponsoring it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3046.22,3049.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many groups in many parts of the world are trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3052.42,3055.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to develop biological inventories, something long overdue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3055.52,3060.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do we 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with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3065.113,3067.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This country inexcusably has no inventory of its.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=3068.63,3073.223"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25975/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/975/original/AV203872_Preserving_Biodiversity_a.vtt?1620667430","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/975/original/AV203872_Preserving_Biodiversity_a.vtt?1620667430"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25976","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203872_Preserving_Biodiversity_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700/transcript/25976/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Hi, we probably start an announcement. There is a gold and cream Oldsmobile with its lights on out in the parking lot. Okay. And I'd like to welcome everybody to the second night of the Institute on World Affairs. Our topic this year is a global environment. Before I introduced tonight's speaker, I have to now announcements. First, I'd like to mention the events of tomorrow. At noon, we have Paul Watson with \"Aggressive Nonviolence and the Environment,\" at three, we have the film \"Banking on Disaster,\" and at eight we have Alexander Coburn with \"Lands, Trees, and Justice: Politics and the Environment.\" After tonight's lecture, there'll be a reception hosted by the Student Environmental Council at the Women's Center. Our lecture tonight is Anne Ehrlich. She is the associate director of the Center for Conservation Biology and senior research associate in Biological Sciences at Stanford University. She has received numerous awards and serves on the boards of the Center for Innovative Diplomacy, the Pacific Institute, and the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. She has coauthored a half a dozen books including earth ecoscience, and extinction. She does have a book coming out early next year called \"Population Explosion.\" Please join me in welcoming Anne Ehrlich.\r\n\r\n- Thank you. Good evening. I've been asked to talk about preserving biodiversity, and to do that, I'm going to ask several questions and I hope I answer them for you. First one is what is biodiversity, and the second one is what's the problem? What's causing it, and why should we care? What does it mean, if anything, for our future, and is there anything being done about the problem, and finally, what each and every one of us can do as individuals. It's a rather depressing subject, and I find that people usually end up saying, \"Oh, it's too awful. I can't face it. I can't deal with it.\" But if you tell them there are things that they can do, even at home, just in their own families, they feel a lot better about it, and they feel there really is a problem they can get a piece of and deal with. And also not depressing you too thoroughly and maybe offering a ray of hope, here it is, preserving biodiversity and what is it? Well, the simplest possible definition is that it's all the other life that we share this small planet with. As far as we know, it's the only life in the entire universe. Somewhere between five and 30 million species share this little planet with us, and probably, most of 'em are insects or other small animals, invertebrates. Out of that, as many as 30 million species, maybe 1/4 of a million, are higher plants, very important pieces of biodiversity. They, in fact, are the foundation of all animal life, which includes ourselves. Maybe 100,000 species are fungi and algae, things you don't notice very much in your daily lives, but they, too, play important roles on this planet. Only about 4,000 of them are mammals like us. That's a much smaller group, but we're a lot more aware of them, by and large, maybe 20,000 different kinds of fishes, 10,000 or so birds, and maybe 9,000 reptiles and amphibians. The overwhelming majority, as I said, are obscure animals, insects, most of them living in the canopy of the tropical forests where they've never even been seen, let alone described by scientists. And in addition to 30 million different species, an enormous variety of life, you must agree, there are billions of genetically distinct populations of all kinds of organisms. And it's that genetic variation that really is a value that we worry about when we talk about saving biodiversity. So what is the problem? Here we have this planet. It seems to be absolutely teeming with life. Why are we worried? Extinction, after all, is a part of the whole system. Darwin himself talked about it. It's a part of the process of evolution. New species evolve all the time, and at the same time, others go extinct. It's always been that way. You could think of it as the dark side of the evolutionary process that eventually, after four and a half billion years of evolution on this little planet, led to us and our fellow passengers. The problem, really, is one of rate. How fast, how frequently are species or populations, genetically distinct ones, being pushed to extinction? Well, scientists can really only guess at that 'cause we haven't really documented exactly what's happening in any detail. After all, we've only described a small fraction, perhaps one a million species out of those 30 million, so it's a little hard to know exactly what's going on everywhere. But their best guess is that the present rate and the foreseeable rate in the next few decades is hundreds to thousands of times the normal rate of extinction, the one that prevailed until humanity appeared and became a force on the planet. And at the same time, the rate of speciation, that is the creation of new species, is, if anything, probably being suppressed. Of course, you've probably heard that the greatest variety of life occurs in the tropical moist forests, or tropical rainforests, as we more commonly designate them. These forests occupied a mere 7% of the land surface on the planet, yet biologists estimate that they probably contain 50% or more of all the species on the planet, land or sea. And of those tropical moist forests today, the estimated losses run in the range of six million hectares per year being lost completely, that is, being cut and either burned or destroyed otherwise. General degradation is also occurring in these forests, and probably twice as much of the forest, says that six million hectares, is being destroyed through gradual degradation, that is people coming in and selective cutting, for example, or just generally invading the forest one tree at a time, if you will. In Latin America, which probably contains roughly half the world's tropical moist forests, it's estimated that probably a half of what we had a decade ago will be gone by the year 2000. That's only 11 years away, right? No, less, barely 10. A subdiscipline of biology known as island biogeographical theory tells us that, in any area, the number of species that can be supported is very much related to the size of that area, and if it happens to be a small one, it's a distance from what might be regarded as a mainland. As you might guess, this subdiscipline originally was done with islands, real islands, in the ocean, and it was observed that, in general, the number of species that an island contained was related to, first, its size and, second, its distance from the nearest continent. And if you think about it, that makes a certain amount of sense because the species that are there obviously have to come from somewhere else originally. And consequently, an equilibrium eventually is reached between the immigration of new species that arrive and colonize and propagate on an island and the ones that go extinct. Smaller areas in general can support smaller numbers of animals and plants and microbes. Today, human beings are creating artificial islands, if you like, on continents. Think about it. You fly over Iowa, and what do you see? You see towns and cities and mostly farms, and you may see where a stream wanders through the farms, and there might be patches of forest along that stream. But the rest of it is a pretty artificial environment. Well, those little patches of forest or little patches of natural grassland, where there may still be a few left, are, in effect, islands, and they are subject to those same laws that govern islands in the ocean and the number of species that they can contain. We are creating islands of habitat for the rest of the flora and fauna on this planet. And as we make the islands more islands but smaller islands and more scattered and more distant from each other, new equilibria our reached, generally poor and fewer in terms of numbers of species. Looking again at the tropical rainforests, which also are being islandized, in the worst case, you might end up with only parks and preserves in another generation or so, leading a mere 10% scattered islands of the original rainforests. Such a small fraction of the original rainforest is likely to contain 1/3 or less of the original complement of species that occurred throughout the rainforest region if you're talking about, say, a continent swath such as the Amazon basin. And after a few centuries, say, by 100 years or so, the equilibrium is likely to have faded away to an even smaller number. Biologists are currently studying an area in the Amazon which was already being cut, but they persuaded the government and land owners to set aside some patches for them to study where they could figure out what the minimum critical size of habitat would be to support a reasonable flora and fauna. And they have patches of one hectare, 10 hectares, 100 hectares, and one large one of 10,000 hectares, which they studying this as a group from the World Wildlife Fund. The project was started by Thomas Lovejoy, who is no longer with World Wildlife Fund. He's now with the Smithsonian, but he is carrying on the research. The project was started in 1980. The smallest pieces of land, of course, immediately suffered huge losses of species, as they were isolated from the surrounding forest. At first, they were, of course, overrun with refugees, basically, from the cut-over areas. But after a few months or a few years, usually the one or the 10-hectare pieces, they ended up with far fewer species than they had originally contained before they were isolated from the rest of the forest. It's too soon yet to tell what is going to happen with the larger ones, the 100-hectare and certainly the 10,000 hectare pieces, but even they have already shown some noticeable changes. Just to give you a feel for how rapidly this process is going in Latin America at least, the state of Rondônia in Brazil is approximately the size of West Germany. It's rather bigger than most of our states. On one single day, NASA satellites detected 2,500 fires going. It was only opened up in the early 80s. The first roads were put in, and by the end of 1988, 15% of it had been deforested, and, of course, the process has still continued. There's been something of a slow down since 1987. 1987, apparently, was the peak year for burning off the Amazon, but it's still going on. The Brazilian government is slowly changing its policies, but it alternates between resenting interference from the north and being relatively in a cooperative mood. I think it depends who talked to them last, whether it was a Brazilian businessman or somebody from the north. In any case, it's not exactly clear what's going to happen in Brazil. They're about to have presidential election, and the latest candidate in the field is a television personality who apparently has no platform at all. So we'll see. Anyway, one further thing to remember about the tropical forest situation about which we all here and about which we all should be concerned, for reasons that I'll get into more later, one major reason I'll mention right now is that this deforestation of tropical forests is a major contributor to global warming. It is estimated that, of the carbon dioxide alone, the addition to the atmosphere, tropical forest cutting and burning accounts for somewhere between 20 and 30%. That is roughly 1/4 of the CO2 added to the atmosphere comes from cutting and burning those forests. Well, how are things going at home? Not as well as you might hope. Our record, incidentally, in forest preservation is not exactly perfect, so we need to clean up our own act before we talk too sternly to the Brazilians about burning their forests. Nevertheless, our forest cutting does not make the sort of contribution to greenhouse warming or other things that theirs does, and we certainly aren't doing it at that rate. But when the island biogeographers took a look at North America, they also found some things to worry about. They took a look at our national parks. This includes both the United States and Canada, and they looked at the large animal fauna that is mammals. In parks that were smaller than 10,000 kilometers square, which was all but two of 'em in Canada, somewhere anywhere between seven and 43% of the species of large animals are already gone. In parts that were smaller than 4,000 kilometers, they had lost upwards of 23%. That is 1/4 of the large animal fauna. So we're seeing losses right here at home from the islandization of our own national parks. And of course what's causing it? You and me, all of us. In our growing population, there's 5.2 and a half, well, roughly 5 1/4 billion people and still growing. We do it directly or we do it indirectly. There've been plenty of direct extinctions caused by human beings, from hunting them to extinction to over collecting them to any number of ways from the whales on down. But by far, the greatest impact is indirect habitat loss. It's the human takeover of this planet. Human beings are the dominant life form on this planet. The only thing that comes close to being second is guess what? Cattle. To give you some idea of what level of takeover I'm talking about, roughly 11% of the land area on earth is occupied by crops. It's farmland. Approximately 2% of it is occupied by us directly, that is our houses, our streets, our highways, our airports, our cities. About 1/4 of it is pasture used at one level or another by livestock and usually too much, and about 30% of it is forest, and, of course, we exploit most forests at some level or another. The remainder is either too hot or too steep or far too dry or far too cold to be useful, so we don't. Why should we care? Why should we care that we are threatening the existence of many, if not most, other life forms on this planet? Well, one of the reasons to care is a simple ethical one or one of compassion. What right have we got to push them to extinction, to end their tenure on the planet? And some of them are very charming. The whales might've been fished all the way to extinction, and who knows? They may go there yet. But if we haven't discovered what charming, fascinating, and interesting animals they were, and the same goes for many others that we care about, the beautiful cats, some of which are pretty close to extinction, too. People collect birds, and, in fact, sometimes the compassion is a threat itself because quite a few of the rarest species of birds are being pushed to extinction because people want to own them. And believe it or not, the same as true for some plants. Rare plants are often collected by amateur botanists who want to have them in their gardens or something, and goodbye the plant. One scandal was several years ago, probably 10 or 15 years ago. A group of German tourists toured our Southwest and collected the entire remaining population of one rare species of cactus, and they were found by the German customs people in their suitcases. So sometimes we love 'em to death, too. There are also economic reasons for caring about biodiversity. At least 1/3 of our prescription drugs, for example, came either directly or indirectly from plant chemicals, the chemicals that the plants themselves use to defend themselves against predators. Some of them are very directly so. Digitalis is one. Some cancer fighting medicines come from a rare periwinkle plant from Madagascar. If Madagascar had been deforested a little bit faster, we would be without those very valuable chemicals. We also gain, of course, all of our foods. Everything we eat was originally from some wild plant or animal, domesticated, possibly changed through centuries of breeding, but nonetheless, it came from nature. And there are who knows how many potential foods out there that we haven't even looked at or explored or tried developing for new foods. We gain fibers, oils, chemicals of all sorts that came from nature. Other species, basically, are the basis of our entire civilization. And while we have to build chemical factories and learned how to study these things and maybe make up some new and different ones on our own, nonetheless, without nature's inspiration, where would we be? And indeed without the materials themselves. But the most important reason to care is probably the least understood and appreciated by the public at large, and that is that other species are the working parts of natural ecosystems, which are our own life support system. They provide civilization with vital indispensable free services that we mostly don't even think about. We take them for granted, and they're not things that we can replace. When we can replace them, we do a relatively poor job of it. Most of the time, we couldn't possibly on the scale required or we wouldn't have any idea how to start. What are these indispensable services? Well, the first one is take a deep breath. Feels good, huh? Well, that air that you breathe is very largely a product of four and a half billions of light years of life evolving. The atmosphere that existed here four billion years ago would not have been breathable. There would've been far too little oxygen in it. So there's a starter. So not only did they create the atmosphere or create it in the shape it's in right now, they keep it that way. Green plants photosynthesizing put oxygen in the atmosphere. Now, of course, if all the green plants died tomorrow, the oxygen would be there for many thousands of years before we ever noticed that it had diminished, and we would die of starvation in the meantime. But on the other hand, they are responsible for it being there and for staying there. They also play a large role in regulating, moderating climate and weather. Is this the only place that's too hot? It's those 100-watt bodies out there, I guess. Anyway, climate and weather are very, very strongly influenced and regulated by natural ecosystems. This is a service we only notice when we lose it. When you cut down forests, you find that the climate, particularly downwind, tends to change to something hotter and drier, as a rule. Forests cycle and recycle moisture through the air. Not only that, they retain it in the soil. They allow it to soak in where it can recharge aquifers, for one thing, and for another, it's released slowly and steadily in streams. Come down on large forest, often, you find the streams become less dependable, let's say. Sometimes they're dry for long periods of time. Then there's floods. So floods and droughts and the control of floods and droughts are a major ecosystem service that we mostly take for granted until it's gone. The floods in Bangladesh that you may have remembered hearing about, 2/3 of the country was underwater. 50 million people were rendered homeless on the spot. It wasn't exactly a freak act of God. It can be traced, for instance, to deforestation up in the Himalayas and to dam building by the Indians who tended not to store up the water but to let it go on through. Bangladesh, what do they care? I think the Bangladeshis are talking to the Indians about that, but in fact, the dams wouldn't have been necessary but for the deforestation. Bangladesh is also very susceptible to typhoons and flooding from the sea, storm surges and the like, in part because they have removed their coastal wetlands and turned them into rice patties. That's another ecosystem service, buffering services along coasts. Flood control services, even in places like Iowa. When you drain the wetlands and turn them into farms, you suddenly find that the rivers jump out of the banks more often. What else? Well, it's supplies freshwater, those steady streams that I mentioned being one aspect and the recharging of aquifers being another. And another set of things that naturally ecosystems do is to supply all the nutrients that we and all other organisms need. They recycle them through the entire system continuously. They are absolutely essential for successful farming. And the other side of that same coin is disposal of wastes. In the process of breaking down the wastes, the organisms that do it, the decomposers, release the nutrients that were in the organic matter and make it available again for the next generation of green plants. They control the vast majority of pests and diseases. There were quite a few strange new diseases that have appeared in recent years, AIDS being one rather obvious case, and it's not at all unlikely that AIDS itself is result of disrupting the tropical forests in Africa. It seems that it very likely was transferred from green monkeys into the human population. Previously, the population didn't have much contact with those green monkeys. There've been other cases like that where unusual microbes have been stirred up and turned into the human population. Another service that people in Iowa probably are fairly aware of, pollination. Some 90 crops in this country alone depend on bees or birds or other organisms for pollination so they can produce. And of course, other wild plants do, too. Natural ecosystems provide us directly with food and many kinds of materials. All the fish is in rivers and lakes and the oceans or virtually all, with the exception to being a few fish farming products, of course, are produced in natural ecosystems, and most of the forest products that we use, any that come from a forest that isn't a tree farm, was produced by nature. And in a sense, those things are part of what is the basic resource, nature's great genetic library, that inventory of other species populations from which we've drawn our whole civilization. So one of the future implications here for this loss of biodiversity that we are undergoing right now, this epidemic, if you like, of species disappearances, biodiversity is one of one part of our inheritance on this planet. Human beings inherited quite a few very fun resources, most of which we are using rather badly. In fact, as part of our capital, we're consuming it. We're not living on our income, we're consuming it, and about diversity is just one of those things. Our income, of course, all comes originally from solar energy; that is our real source of income. Other kinds of capital include the familiar fossil fuels. We all know about those and the minerals that we're depleting, but how many of you have thought of capital as, for example, top soil or groundwater? Things that should be renewable but are being treated as if they were not. groundwater all across the Great Plains. You've all heard of the Ogallala Aquifer, I'm sure. I've told you how much we have occupied the surface of this planet, but now I'm going to let you look at it in a different way, another way of measuring our human impact on the life support systems of the planet. It supports us and other organisms, of course, support themselves. How much with global productivity, that is the energy from the sun, that is fixed in the process of photosynthesis by green plants and other, whoever invented that word? Photosynthesizing organisms, what share do people use of that? One species out of 30 million, I would remind you. Now it turns out that scientists who were busy measuring the carbon budget of the planet to find out what was happening in the global warming picture produced some rather interesting figures that we could to try to measure the human impact on what is called the net primary production, that is all of the energy fixed by all green plants on the planet minus what those plants use for their own life processes. We took a stab at it, a group of us at Stanford a few years ago and came up with the following. Keeping in mind that on the planet, although land area is only about 30% of the planet surface, roughly 60% of global NPP takes place on land. So land is much more productive than the ocean, relatively and on average. The easiest part of that to measure was what people directly consume, people and their livestock, that is, in other words, food and and fodder and the forest products that we directly use, the timber that we use. And we came to the conclusion that on land, human beings take about 4% of the NPP, and of the oceans, we take about 2%. If you average that out, it comes to about 3% globally. But there are other things to look at. What percentage or what fraction global NPP do human beings use indirectly? What do they co-opt? What do they redirect into their own systems, like farms, like tree farms, for example, forests that we plant, in other words? And there were several things that we measured in this category. The first was the material that's killed in the process of forestry, not just what we use. But a tree is cut down, we don't use all of it. We just use the good timber and throw away the rest. The biomass that it was lost in the process of land clearing, what is lost in the process of conversion to a different system, all green matter grown on cropland, all that has been converted to pasture from another kind of system, all the greens on a natural pasture, all of the areas that are burned by human beings, and all the area that is in urban or occupied areas like our parks, for example, and our front and back yards. This figure was a lot higher than what we use directly. On land, it comes to 31%. Now this category does not apply to the ocean, so our impact stays at 2% there. But we're not finished. That's not the whole of our impacts. Because human beings in the process of modifying the earth to suit themselves have ended up in losing productivity, we reduced the potential productivity on a good deal of land. How do we do this? Well, we've all heard of desertification is one good way. Another one is by converting natural forest or grasslands to farms. By and large, farms are not quite as productive, certainly as forests and probably not as grasslands often. And if you think about it, you can see why. For one thing, crops are not grown for the entire year, and they don't occupy the land as densely, either. Exceptions to this would be cases of multiple cropping and sometimes irrigated areas are more productive than they would be otherwise. But in general, agriculture is less productive than whatever it replaces. When we convert a forest to a pasture, we are losing productivity, and obviously, the land that we've paved over is not producing anything. Well, it may be producing greenbacks, but it isn't producing any plants. Altogether, when that's added up, we count it as a loss on land of about 13%, and this is a rough estimate because where do you start with the conversion factors? Do you start in 8,000 BC or do you start in 1950 or? And the problem with going before 1950 is we're a little unsure of exactly what was converted from what. So most of this is mostly post 1950. And furthermore, the effects of pollution, which may be suppressing productivity in many cases, think of acid rain, for one thing, are not included nor on what might be an offsetting effect, that is fertilizing effects from pollution. CO2, for example, is thought that it may fertilize crops and other plants so as to increase their productivity. Also nitrogen oxides, which are major component of acid rain, are also considered fertilizing, in effect. So weeding those things out but taking in this 13% loss on land, the total we get, the total impact, including the direct and the indirect and the losses, come to nearly 40% on land. \"So what?\" you might say. \"60% is still left for the rest of 'em. That should be enough.\" It's amazing how many people are on unruffled by the thought that 40% of the primary productivity of the planets we've taken over by human beings on land. And even if you add in the oceans and average it out, it's still a good 25%. It scares biologists. I'll tell you that. Very scary, particularly when you consider the demographers are telling us that this population is likely to double before it's even growing. 10 billion people already occupying 2/3 of the planet's land surface? Interesting. And these are probably fairly conservative figures because they were made before we had the most recent deforestation figures for the tropics, and it's turned out that it's going much faster than anybody thought. What are the implications for the stability of the remaining natural ecosystems? Those are the questions where you just want one answer. And what about global warming? What's that gonna do when it starts changing climate at a rate 10 to 60 times faster than any of that's been experienced in the last million years? In the last 10,000 years, we came out of an ice age, and it seems that the flora and the fauna have adjusted quite nicely. Sure they did. They had several thousand years to do it. Furthermore, they didn't have any barriers to migration. They could move. Even trees can move if you give them enough centuries to move in. They didn't have farms and cities and freeways and airports blocking the migration routes. Now they do. Now they have to island hop very fast. We're going to see if the climatologists write a period of shifting climate zones. It's going to have a heavy impact on agriculture, too, but I'm not going to talk about that. There haven't been very many studies yet of what's going to happen to natural ecosystems, but the ones that there have been do not suggest a very happy situation. Some species, obviously, are going to be more susceptible to global warming and the changes it brings to than others. Right there, you have disruption of ecosystems. And as the systems change, losing some, dropping out, we have one more big reason to make a concerted effort to slow up the greenhouse warming and, if we can, to curb some of the other assaults that we're producing, whether it's from acid precipitation or pesticides or what have you. So I've painted a rather grim picture. What's being done? Is anybody looking out for biodiversity? Well, I'm happy to tell you there's been an enormous increase in public interest and public concern in the last 10 years or so. Environmental groups have been very active putting pressure not only on our government, where it might respond, anyway, from development agencies, for example, being very concerned about the tropical rainforests, and they have successfully puts quite a bit of pressure on, for instance, the World Bank, which has, at long last, finally begun to incorporate ecological concerns into its planning, at least at some level. Now the World Bank is a large institution. With all that that implies, it is not going to stop on a dime and turn around. But at least it is beginning to move in the right direction, and some of the other agencies are following. There has been some legislation introduced in Congress. Perhaps the most salient here is the omnibus greenhouse warming bills that are in both houses in the Senate, sponsored by Senator Timothy Wirth and in the House of Representatives, sponsored by Claudine Schneider. These were the initiators, and both bills have a good many other legislators signed onto them. I would urge you to find out whether your representatives are included, and if they're not, ask them \"why not\" and suggest that they do so. But more than that, we gotta push and get these bills passed. There are international agreements having to do with endangered species and their protection, the best known being CITES, C-I-T-E-S, and I've forgotten what it means. There's an international regulation for trade in endangered species. It is this sort of thing, for instance, that is being proposed to end the trade in elephant's ivory before the elephants disappear completely. There are compacts and agreements to protect migratory species, for example. It doesn't help if you protect your songbirds in the United States if the forest they live in in the winter is just disappearing in South America. In the United States, our best known and strongest law for protecting individual species but also less well-known habitats is the Endangered Species Law. Somebody smart wrote that law, and a large piece of it is that habitats must be protected. It is, at the moment, the strongest thing that we have for protecting biodiversity. Forestry Practices Law also has some provisions. Unfortunately, it has not been administered as well as it might've been. Other actions are encouraging as well, the curbing of CFCs, which destroy the ozone layer. An international compact is very much in the works there. In fact, it was agreed to a couple of years back and then discovered that it was a little too late, too little too late, but there are some encouraging moves toward accelerating that whole process. In any case, the fact that it happened at all is quite remarkable, especially considering it happened in a relatively short time, and it could indeed be a model for a similar greenhouse convention. The greenhouse one is much tougher. It's a lot easier to or replace some chemicals that are used in relatively minor applications than it is to completely change the whole world's energy regime and way of doing business. The fact that it happened for the CFCs gives us some hope that it could happen for the greenhouse effect, too. There are plenty of other arguments for following the policies that'll help slow down the greenhouse warming, and we all know about them. We've been hearing them ever since the first energy crisis back in 1974. There has been something called the Brundtland Report. You may have heard of it. It was a book. It was produced as a book called \"Our Common Future.\" What it was was a report by a global commission on the environment, which was made up of heads of state. It wasn't the Sierra Club telling the governments they better start paying attention to environmental problems and population problems. It was politicians, some of their own buddies. That was the path-breaking thing about the Brundtland Report. There wasn't anything particularly new in it to environmentalists. The news was politicians were telling other politicians it was time to act. Another thing that is very good for biodiversity is something called the World Conservation Strategy, which has unfortunately not, at least in this country, ever received publicity or public information level that it should have, but it's a very good idea. And it's based on conserving biotic diversity and working towards sustainable development. It looks very closely at what is happening in developing countries and tries to prescribe some better ways of going about the development process. It doesn't mean undermining and destroying your entire resource base in the process. The First World Conservation Strategy, which was a blueprint document but rather a general one, was produced in 1980. It was sponsored by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, which is quasi-independent and quasi-governmental agency headquartered in Europe joining with the World Wildlife Fund, which is totally private. To date, there are 35 national conservation strategies that have been drawn up by individual countries. Guess which large developed country is not among them? It is to be hoped that the new administration will be somewhat more open to doing something along this line. Meanwhile, I understand that a new second stronger and probably more detailed world conservation strategy is in the works and hopefully will surface probably in 1990, would be my guess. There also have been the establishment, largely through the work of the IUCN, again, of world biosphere reserves, many of them in developing countries. Some countries indeed have been leaders in this in developing their own national parks or in cooperating with the National Biosphere Reserve Program. Costa Rica, of course, is a standout having something like 15% of its land set aside for reserves. A new wrinkle is the debt-for-nature swaps wherein private groups or it could be governments or it could be banks buy up the devalued paper of loans in third world countries in exchange for land to be set aside and treated as a reserve. The first one was done in Costa Rica a few years ago. There was another shortly after that in Bolivia. I understand that the new debt agreement for Costa Rica includes some debt for nature provisions. This would be the first time it was done at an official level like that. It's previously been done by private groups. There also has been some legislature working its way through Congress to allow the United States government to do something in the way of debt-for-nature swapping. I'm not sure where that sits, but it was an Illinois congressman who was sponsoring it. Many groups in many parts of the world are trying to develop biological inventories, something long overdue. How do we know how serious the disappearing biodiversity problem is when we don't even know what we started with? This country inexcusably has no inventory of its.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112700#t=0.0,3079.32"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Lady:\u003c/strong\u003e All the scattered information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=5.47,6.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout the biological literature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=6.303,8.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the ground assessments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=8.32,10.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and any way we could get it done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=10.21,12.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our own center for conservation biology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=12.63,14.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is involved in this too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=14.78,16.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Among other things, what we want to do with our inventory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=17.29,19.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is try to figure out what is the most threatened eco?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=19.79,23.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are the most threatened ecosystems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=25.08,27.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are the ones most in danger of destruction?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=27.02,31.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is also a movement toward restoration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=34.04,38.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a new idea, that you can take degraded systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=38.37,42.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to restore them to something resembling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=42.96,45.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their original glory if you wish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=45.08,47.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a good idea and I'm all for it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=48.78,51.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only thing that worries me about it is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=51.42,53.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a lot of people might then take the attitude that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=53.45,57.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh, well I'll go ahead and use it now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=57.187,59.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you degraded, then we can restore it later.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=59.75,62.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, this is a case where an ounce of prevention,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=62.2,65.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is worth a ton of cure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=65.76,67.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is so much harder to restore something,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=68.26,71.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it is to preserve it in the first place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=71.37,73.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And more than that, you'll never restore it perfectly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=74.65,78.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll restore it to a semblance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=78.74,80.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you have never restored completely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=80.32,82.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this brings us, after this little list of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=85.1,87.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that aren't happening, that are good news,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=87.81,90.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can all you do, to what you can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=90.61,92.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What can you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=95.05,96.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can start at home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=96.68,97.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can be environmentally responsible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=99.56,101.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can do all the things they tell you in the newspapers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=101.61,103.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about recycling your stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=103.76,105.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe you can have compost heap in your backyard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=105.17,108.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but more than that you do if you have a yard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=108.77,111.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think of window box.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=112.85,114.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can help preserve biodiversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=115.55,117.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can plant plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=118.66,120.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can encourage birds to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=120.14,121.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to feeders in your backyard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=121.73,124.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can look for natives and plant them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=124.19,127.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk to your local botanical society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=128.94,130.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or your local garden clubs about what are rare plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=130.99,133.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe you can help to propagate them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=133.61,136.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you get really sophisticated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=136.58,138.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might even do some imaginative breeding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=138.09,142.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They help reserve rare strains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=142.1,144.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=145.7,146.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody can do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=146.77,147.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can plant trees, fight the global warming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=147.96,152.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Bring back Arbor Day, make it a big event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=154.3,157.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Get all the school kids out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=157.37,158.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every kid should plant a tree every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=158.66,161.292"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that that would do, that would do a lot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=161.292,163.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can support such efforts as a group member, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=168.78,172.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can do it in your neighborhood,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=172.64,174.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can do it in your town,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=174.52,176.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can encourage your local city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=178.01,181.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to plant natives in the parks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=181.89,184.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plant natives in the Greenbelt areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=185.35,187.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or protect them if they're there, which they probably are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=187.27,190.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even, even if you live on a farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=191.64,193.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remember the old windbreaks that everybody used to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=195.26,197.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as part of the laws to soar up conservation stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=197.6,200.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"back in the thirties and the dust bowl days?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=200.74,202.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then in the seventies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=202.56,204.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had to export everything we could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=204.07,206.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we cut them down again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=206.23,207.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if you still have one, keep it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=209.06,211.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you don't, you could try planting one again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=211.66,214.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If anybody says he wants to put a concrete bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=216.74,219.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the creek that runs behind your house,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=219.34,220.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you tell them to go away whenever you want","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=220.769,222.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because those are normal sources of biodiversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=222.31,225.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can oppose unnecessary development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=228.57,231.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in places that have never been developed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=231.01,233.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those are the ones that should be protected at all costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=233.6,237.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now somebody wants to build a house,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=237.0,239.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a place that hasn't been a natural area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=239.37,242.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for 50 years fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=242.61,244.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But by and large, we have a lot of space in our cities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=247.41,251.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is a blight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=251.42,254.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, instead of leaving at a blight, why not renovate that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=256.25,259.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of building yet another suburb way out there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=259.56,262.658"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so then you have the freeway to get to it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=262.658,263.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and burning up to yet some more gas, going back and forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=263.66,267.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are lots of things people can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=271.157,272.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the local level, the neighborhood level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=272.6,275.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can do them at the state level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=276.57,277.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can do them at the national level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=277.83,279.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could even do them at the international level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=279.27,281.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you feel like it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=281.48,283.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you choose whatever you wanna do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=283.12,285.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can talk to your representatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=286.44,288.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the state legislature and congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=288.25,290.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can join international groups if you want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=291.73,295.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can join national ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=295.05,296.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Join the Sierra Club, I mean, your $20 helps there too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=297.63,301.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Join anything that you think is doing the right thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=302.6,305.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and help them along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=305.59,306.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A little bit of encouragement goes a long way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=306.58,308.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially when there are millions of people doing it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=308.58,311.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have a lot of that for and we all make a difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=312.14,314.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you got to remember the benefits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=316.09,318.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Your children and your grandchildren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=319.98,322.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what it's really all about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=323.16,324.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want our grandchildren to grow up in a world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=326.21,329.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has green things in it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=329.51,331.556"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that has creepy crawlers and fuzzy fuzzies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=331.556,334.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or do we want them to grow up in a world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=335.311,337.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a concrete jungle?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=337.42,338.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And everybody is hungry and impoverished,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=340.09,342.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and struggling to make a living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=344.32,345.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a choice we all have a part in making,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=347.86,351.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I hope you will, thanks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=352.47,354.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=354.697,356.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll be happy to answer any questions anybody might have,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=376.311,379.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you'll just let me have a sip of water first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=379.61,382.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I discouraged them too much (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=390.46,393.139"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=393.139,393.972"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scared them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=393.972,394.964"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=394.964,397.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=397.27,398.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=399.788,402.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the question is how, since,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=422.466,425.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since we really don't know what we, what we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=425.15,426.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't have a real viral inventory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=426.96,429.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do we know what we've got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=429.56,430.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and borderline figures come from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=430.82,432.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have described something like one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=435.55,438.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a third million species of organisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=438.25,441.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are pretty sure that we've got the vertebrates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=441.36,444.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the birds and mammals and reptiles and fish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=444.773,448.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is pretty well described.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=448.7,451.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At least 95% or more of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=451.8,454.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know what they are or what we've got.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=454.2,456.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It gets a little softer in the smaller things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=457.68,460.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we get into insects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=460.43,461.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also think we have a fair handle on plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=461.89,464.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's not quite that well done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=464.19,466.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, when we get down to microbes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=468.424,470.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's anybody's guess.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=470.44,473.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I suppose a lot of the estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=474.55,477.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the 30 million insects, on the reserve of terrier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=477.27,481.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on climbing onto tree tops in the tropics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=481.27,483.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and every time he comes down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=483.32,484.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he is another hundred thousand beetle species or something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=484.55,489.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=489.29,490.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So some of those estimates come from them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=490.93,492.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they keep going up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=492.783,494.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The thing is that, those that are undescribed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=495.41,498.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that are turning up in the tropics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=498.197,500.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we have not done any thorough investigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=500.21,502.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have to admit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=502.8,503.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of the other areas we know fairly well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=503.72,507.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People have been living in them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=507.13,508.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for centuries and have studied them and looked at them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=508.38,511.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's really only the moist tropics that are less wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=512.79,515.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but of course that's where it all is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=515.42,517.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some constraints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=520.04,521.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that there is only so much of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=521.16,523.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, most of these are relatively obscure organisms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=524.84,529.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it doesn't really matter if it's only 10 million","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=532.15,535.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or 30 million different kinds of insects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=535.36,537.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"living in the moist tropical forest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=537.69,539.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know there's a heck of a lot out there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=539.75,541.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we know if we cut down the forest, they'll disappear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=541.47,544.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=547.069,549.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=549.96,550.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those high estimates are very recent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=550.86,553.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, if you had asked me 15 years ago, how many they were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=554.56,557.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would have said two to five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=557.66,559.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Any biologist would have said two to five million at most.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=560.29,565.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's recent research has been turning up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=567.94,570.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this enormous variety of insect life in the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=570.05,574.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the cannabis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=574.02,575.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the truth is nobody looked there before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=575.27,577.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=581.732,584.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A bigger one that (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=593.18,594.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it can certainly exert some diplomatic pressure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=594.96,597.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most of what has happened up until now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=598.77,601.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been done privately either among scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=601.24,606.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or largely among the scientists also private groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=606.5,609.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that work with people in Brazil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=609.87,613.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It, it really can only be 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environmentalist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=624.67,626.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is an environmental movement in Brazil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=626.96,629.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a big one or a strong one, but it does 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example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=672.19,675.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We, we have to agree, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=676.42,678.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States is, is the best environmentalist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=678.25,682.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"country in the world probably overall.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=682.2,685.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That doesn't mean we aren't doing a lot of things wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=685.59,687.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The thing is they know it, they know that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=687.61,689.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're treating our forests rather badly and we are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=689.66,693.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're over exploiting them and,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=693.73,696.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and scandalously misusing many of 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situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=793.09,797.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that respect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=797.29,798.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, we do have leverage that 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it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=810.75,812.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of some feeling of them being beholden to us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=814.6,818.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or something I don't quite understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=818.54,820.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=821.93,823.264"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Man:\u003c/strong\u003e USS our embarkation 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is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=830.0,832.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exported to (indistinct) countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=832.56,834.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's 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roles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=837.65,839.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in deforestation of the tropics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=839.19,841.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Partly for cheap beef, also for timber,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=841.9,846.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Japanese in particular, in that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=846.63,848.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So probably half of tropical deforestation is for timber","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=850.41,854.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by developed country companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=854.43,857.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the developed components of the poor countries themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=857.5,861.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and using it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=861.59,862.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's not a simple picture by any 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but not quite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=891.86,893.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=893.55,894.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's out of three, it, the impact is a product","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=894.85,897.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of three factors multiplied together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=897.84,900.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of them is population, size and growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=901.706,904.056"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then you have per capita affluence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=905.35,908.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or consumption if you wish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=908.23,911.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the third factor is the technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=912.5,916.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there's some variation as to what is more responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=917.36,922.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in different situations in the CFC example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=922.18,924.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, it's nearly all technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=924.77,927.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is one that can be dealt with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=927.28,929.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by taking care of the technology factor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=929.73,932.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't have to worry about the other two particularly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=932.0,934.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's unique 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picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=938.45,940.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a combination of all three,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=940.9,943.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"population, affluence or consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=943.76,946.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is kind of the IPAT equation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=948.16,950.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I is impact equals population times affluence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=950.55,954.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"times technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=954.09,955.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's sometimes very hard to separate the 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atmosphere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=967.997,969.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for capital energy use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=971.09,972.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in countries like the United States is relatively very high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=972.96,976.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's relatively very low in developing countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=977.45,980.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they have very large populations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=981.77,983.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the moment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=985.14,986.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"CO2 about 80% of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=986.44,989.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"comes from the developed countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=989.32,990.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the CO2 from burning fossil fuels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=990.81,992.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm leaving out the forest in this case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=992.93,994.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"80% of it is laid in the doorstep of the rich countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=996.855,1000.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's going to change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1000.86,1002.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the populations in the poor countries grow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1002.2,1004.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Give you just one example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1006.37,1007.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If China, with its 1.2 billion people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1008.63,1012.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stopped its population growth in its tracks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1012.14,1014.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it wasn't doing 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did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1018.53,1019.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it doubled its per capita energy consumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1020.73,1023.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the process of developing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1023.41,1025.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using coal, which it has abundant reserves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1025.68,1029.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we totally gave up coal-burning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1029.91,1032.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and call it something like 30% of our energy consumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1033.46,1036.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese would completely offset","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1039.32,1041.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our having given up all of our coal burning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1041.176,1044.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's if we didn't replace it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1044.17,1045.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with another fossil fuel, of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1045.31,1047.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So China's huge population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1048.84,1051.556"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multiplied with its relatively low","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1051.556,1053.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"per capita energy consumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1053.72,1055.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not inconsequential at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1055.48,1058.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flipped up isn't it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1058.19,1059.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would overwhelm whatever we gave up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1059.023,1061.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly, if India had some moderate success","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1061.76,1064.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in family planning, and doubled its per capita energy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1064.88,1068.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using its coal reserves, it to would overcome anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1068.94,1073.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we saved by not burning coal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1074.7,1076.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can only do that once.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1076.73,1078.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1081.747,1084.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1090.67,1091.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought that was the end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1093.45,1095.506"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, one more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1095.506,1097.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1097.365,1099.698"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1117.069,1117.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring continues)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1117.902,1121.069"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even without the ice cap,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1126.1,1127.405"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1127.405,1129.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, even without the ice cap melting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1129.71,1131.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a serious problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1131.69,1133.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The oceans are expect, the sea level is expected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1133.51,1136.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to rise by something approaching the foot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1136.83,1139.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just from thermal expansion, that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1139.13,1141.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the water gets warm, it gets, takes up more space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1141.91,1145.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those oceans are mighty big.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1146.87,1149.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're already seeing that sea level rise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1149.07,1151.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of thermal expansion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1151.99,1153.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then there's the ice cap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1156.41,1158.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a big worry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1158.04,1159.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Coastal flooding and storm surges in land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1159.73,1163.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are what you can expect from that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1163.69,1165.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's in the next 40 or 50 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1165.347,1168.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are you gonna see significant sea level rise probably.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1168.07,1170.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, you're right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1170.71,1171.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Geologists are probably the one discipline of scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1171.74,1176.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are even more scared than biologists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1176.81,1178.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when they get together, oh my goodness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1180.39,1182.786"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1182.786,1184.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=1184.187,1187.187"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25977/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/977/original/AV203872_Preserving_Biodiversity_b.vtt?1620667435","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/977/original/AV203872_Preserving_Biodiversity_b.vtt?1620667435"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25978","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203872_Preserving_Biodiversity_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701/transcript/25978/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Lady] All the scattered information throughout the biological literature and on the ground assessments and any way we could get it done. And our own center for conservation biology is involved in this too. Among other things, what we want to do with our inventory, is try to figure out what is the most threatened eco? What are the most threatened ecosystems? What are the ones most in danger of destruction? And there is also a movement toward restoration. This is a new idea, that you can take degraded systems and try to restore them to something resembling their original glory if you wish. This is a good idea and I'm all for it. The only thing that worries me about it is that a lot of people might then take the attitude that, \"Oh, well I'll go ahead and use it now, and if you degraded, then we can restore it later.\" Well, this is a case where an ounce of prevention, is worth a ton of cure. It is so much harder to restore something, than it is to preserve it in the first place. And more than that, you'll never restore it perfectly. You'll restore it to a semblance, but you have never restored completely. So this brings us, after this little list of things that aren't happening, that are good news, we can all you do, to what you can do. What can you do? You can start at home. You can be environmentally responsible. You can do all the things they tell you in the newspapers about recycling your stuff and maybe you can have compost heap in your backyard, but more than that you do if you have a yard, think of window box. You can help preserve biodiversity. You can plant plants, you can encourage birds to come to feeders in your backyard, you can look for natives and plant them. Talk to your local botanical society, or your local garden clubs about what are rare plants and maybe you can help to propagate them. If you get really sophisticated, you might even do some imaginative breeding. They help reserve rare strains. You can do that. Anybody can do that. You can plant trees, fight the global warming. Bring back Arbor Day, make it a big event. Get all the school kids out, every kid should plant a tree every year. I think that that would do, that would do a lot. You can support such efforts as a group member, too. You can do it in your neighborhood, you can do it in your town, you can encourage your local city to plant natives in the parks, plant natives in the Greenbelt areas or protect them if they're there, which they probably are. Even, even if you live on a farm, remember the old windbreaks that everybody used to have as part of the laws to soar up conservation stuff back in the thirties and the dust bowl days? And then in the seventies, we had to export everything we could so we cut them down again? Well, if you still have one, keep it. And if you don't, you could try planting one again. If anybody says he wants to put a concrete bottom in the creek that runs behind your house, you tell them to go away whenever you want because those are normal sources of biodiversity. You can oppose unnecessary development in places that have never been developed. Those are the ones that should be protected at all costs. Now somebody wants to build a house, in a place that hasn't been a natural area for 50 years fine. But by and large, we have a lot of space in our cities, that is a blight. Well, instead of leaving at a blight, why not renovate that instead of building yet another suburb way out there, so then you have the freeway to get to it, and burning up to yet some more gas, going back and forth. There are lots of things people can do at the local level, the neighborhood level, you can do them at the state level, you can do them at the national level, you could even do them at the international level if you feel like it. So you choose whatever you wanna do. You can talk to your representatives in the state legislature and congress. You can join international groups if you want. You can join national ones. Join the Sierra Club, I mean, your $20 helps there too. Join anything that you think is doing the right thing, and help them along. A little bit of encouragement goes a long way, especially when there are millions of people doing it. So we have a lot of that for and we all make a difference. And you got to remember the benefits. Your children and your grandchildren. That's what it's really all about. We want our grandchildren to grow up in a world that has green things in it, and that has creepy crawlers and fuzzy fuzzies. Or do we want them to grow up in a world, that's a concrete jungle? And everybody is hungry and impoverished, and struggling to make a living. So it's a choice we all have a part in making, and I hope you will, thanks. I'll be happy to answer any questions anybody might have, if you'll just let me have a sip of water first. I discouraged them too much . Scared them. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Well, the question is how, since, since we really don't know what we, what we have we don't have a real viral inventory, how do we know what we've got and borderline figures come from? We have described something like one in a third million species of organisms. We are pretty sure that we've got the vertebrates, the birds and mammals and reptiles and fish is pretty well described. At least 95% or more of them, we know what they are or what we've got. It gets a little softer in the smaller things, when we get into insects. We also think we have a fair handle on plants, but it's not quite that well done. And of course, when we get down to microbes and it's anybody's guess. But I suppose a lot of the estimates on the 30 million insects, on the reserve of terrier on climbing onto tree tops in the tropics and every time he comes down, he is another hundred thousand beetle species or something. So some of those estimates come from them and they keep going up. The thing is that, those that are undescribed and that are turning up in the tropics, where we have not done any thorough investigation and you have to admit, most of the other areas we know fairly well. People have been living in them for centuries and have studied them and looked at them. And it's really only the moist tropics that are less wrong but of course that's where it all is. There are some constraints and that there is only so much of it. And, most of these are relatively obscure organisms, and it doesn't really matter if it's only 10 million or 30 million different kinds of insects living in the moist tropical forest. We know there's a heck of a lot out there, and we know if we cut down the forest, they'll disappear. Yes, Yes. Those high estimates are very recent. Yeah, if you had asked me 15 years ago, how many they were I would have said two to five. Any biologist would have said two to five million at most. So it's recent research has been turning up this enormous variety of insect life in the, in the cannabis, and the truth is nobody looked there before. A bigger one that , it can certainly exert some diplomatic pressure. Most of what has happened up until now, has been done privately either among scientists, or largely among the scientists also private groups that work with people in Brazil. It, it really can only be effective, if you persuade enough resilience that it's important. And to a degree, this is being done, scientist to scientist and environmentalist to environmentalist, there is an environmental movement in Brazil. It's not a big one or a strong one, but it does exist. Did everybody hear that? Yeah, you're right. We, we have to change our own ways in terms of being a role model and providing an example. We, we have to agree, I mean, the United States is, is the best environmentalist country in the world probably overall. That doesn't mean we aren't doing a lot of things wrong. The thing is they know it, they know that we're treating our forests rather badly and we are. And we're over exploiting them and, and scandalously misusing many of them. However, we have a stake in what happens to the Amazon, a much bigger stake than they have in what happens to our forests. Theirs has a potential for changing the climate on the entire planet. Theirs has the potential, for example, disrupting united, the United States, Midwest this green belt in the very midst of what you said. Which is a major factor in the world's food situation. Brazil doesn't happen to be one of the countries that is dependent on us for food exports, but, many others are. We are indeed and it's a very complex picture. This is a, this is one world in many, many ways and we are economically tied together. Unfortunately, some of the money that we lent them we did for what went for very destructive purposes. I, it contributed to the deforestation quite directly when we built dams on the rivers and helped them build roads into the Amazon, which leads the settlers in to cut the forest down. So in a sense, we, our very own sales, our money, our bank's money went to do those destructive things, and put them in debt. So, it gets to be a rather interesting situation in that respect. Yes, we do have leverage that way, and, but they have up until now, as far as I know, objected to the death of nature type of solution, they, they have occasionally shown some interest but then they have said, no, we won't do it, because of some feeling of them being beholden to us or something I don't quite understand. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- [Man] USS our embarkation policies as playing a major role in, in the cutting down of trees, converting them to grasslands, raising beef which is exported to countries,\r\n\r\n- That's right. The U.S and other developed countries are, are playing large roles in deforestation of the tropics. Partly for cheap beef, also for timber, the Japanese in particular, in that. So probably half of tropical deforestation is for timber and by developed country companies or the developed components of the poor countries themselves and using it. So it's not a simple picture by any means. It's. Almost, but not quite. It's both. It's out of three, it, the impact is a product of three factors multiplied together. And one of them is population, size and growth. Then you have per capita affluence or consumption if you wish. And the third factor is the technologies. Now there's some variation as to what is more responsible in different situations in the CFC example, for example, it's nearly all technology. This is one that can be dealt with, by taking care of the technology factor, you don't have to worry about the other two particularly. But it's unique almost. If you look at global warming, you get the other side of the picture. It's a combination of all three, population, affluence or consumption. This is kind of the IPAT equation, I is impact equals population times affluence times technology. It's sometimes very hard to separate the affluence and technology factors. But if you look at global warning, for instance, it's largely the energy that we use, that puts CO2 into the atmosphere. And for capital energy use in countries like the United States is relatively very high. It's relatively very low in developing countries, but they have very large populations. At the moment, CO2 about 80% of it, comes from the developed countries. That is the CO2 from burning fossil fuels I'm leaving out the forest in this case. 80% of it is laid in the doorstep of the rich countries, but that's going to change as the populations in the poor countries grow. Give you just one example. If China, with its 1.2 billion people, stopped its population growth in its tracks, and it wasn't doing that. It's trying, but it isn't doing that. Nevermind, if it did, but it doubled its per capita energy consumption in the process of developing, using coal, which it has abundant reserves, If we totally gave up coal-burning, and call it something like 30% of our energy consumption, the Chinese would completely offset our having given up all of our coal burning. That's if we didn't replace it with another fossil fuel, of course. So China's huge population, multiplied with its relatively low per capita energy consumption, is not inconsequential at all. Flipped up isn't it? It would overwhelm whatever we gave up. Similarly, if India had some moderate success in family planning, and doubled its per capita energy, using its coal reserves, it to would overcome anything that we saved by not burning coal. We can only do that once. Okay. I thought that was the end. Okay, one more. That's right. Even without the ice cap, Yeah, even without the ice cap melting, that's a serious problem. The oceans are expect, the sea level is expected to rise by something approaching the foot just from thermal expansion, that is, as the water gets warm, it gets, takes up more space. And those oceans are mighty big. So we're already seeing that sea level rise, as a result of thermal expansion. Then there's the ice cap. That's a big worry. Coastal flooding and storm surges in land, are what you can expect from that. And it's in the next 40 or 50 years, are you gonna see significant sea level rise probably. Yes, you're right. Geologists are probably the one discipline of scientists, that are even more scared than biologists. And when they get together, oh my goodness.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40883/file/112701#t=0.0,1198.104"}]}]}]}