{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/qn5z60cp6g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Warren, Susan, China and Vietnam"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["China and Vietnam. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=14.44,15.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"US-China Peoples Friendship Association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=15.92,19.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She's published many articles dealing about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=20.44,23.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with China's foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=23.9,26.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"author of book called China's Voice in the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=26.55,30.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"frequent traveler in China, is also one of the founders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=30.66,34.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the New York US-China Peoples Friendship Association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=34.67,39.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Present time she's teaches contemporary Chinese studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=39.34,42.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Empire State College, New York,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=42.28,45.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'd like to give a warm welcome","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=45.03,46.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this afternoon's guest lecture, Susan Warren.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=46.41,49.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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-:\u003c/strong\u003e I suppose this is not movable, isn't?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=62.44,64.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see. Aha.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=66.21,68.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I would like to start out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=68.71,70.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a little warning and that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=71.78,75.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this is going to be slightly heavy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=75.15,78.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not too heavy I hope.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=78.75,80.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reason for this is that the China Vietnam relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=80.89,85.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"generate a lot of feelings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=88.31,90.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of emotions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=90.62,92.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of us have sort of cut our political teeth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=93.27,97.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so to speak on the question of the Vietnam round,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=97.14,102.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Vietnam war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=102.27,104.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is great feeling about this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=104.13,107.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that I have felt that the best way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=107.5,109.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to approach this situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=109.84,112.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to in so far as possible stick to facts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=112.13,117.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To tell you some of the facts about it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=117.44,120.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes facts do tend to get a little bit heavy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=120.4,123.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we'll try to make them not too much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=123.73,127.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can have a free-wheeling session","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=127.01,129.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as our discussion is concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=129.78,132.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another thing is of course, that this 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speak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=142.83,146.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it is not only a local situation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=146.21,151.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it has regional and global aspects to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=151.08,155.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that means that I will have to talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=157.75,161.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a number of different 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Kampucheans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=347.81,352.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people that we know in the West","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=352.61,356.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most familiarly as 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US,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=894.85,899.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the aid never stopped and it didn't stop after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=900.01,904.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It only stopped after this accumulation of 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Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=912.84,915.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, while China has never and I in the United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=915.82,920.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have spoken to many third world people 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given,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=930.42,932.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have never demanded a quid pro quo or never demanded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=932.11,937.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that their governments therefore follow a Chinese line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=937.58,942.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and vote the way the Chinese asked them to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=942.16,945.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember specifically an interview with Salim of 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asking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=956.46,959.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this kind of a quid pro quo with their aid.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=959.96,963.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there is no law in human reason that 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proportions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=987.35,990.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will just give you one example and then drop this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=990.7,995.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the Hanoi army paper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=996.25,999.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Quandoinhandan about a month ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=999.49,1002.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an article entitled the Hands of Peaking appeared.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1003.68,1008.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this article was speaking about the help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1009.04,1013.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Chinese sent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1013.38,1015.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the engineering troops that I mentioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1015.17,1017.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just a little while ago to keep the roads of supply open.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1017.7,1022.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This article says that the Chinese embassy in Hanoi,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1024.26,1029.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I quote, \"Harbored evil designs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1029.3,1033.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"beneath its cloak of friendship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1033.5,1035.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And did accuse the embassy of directing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1038.13,1041.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who led this repair personnel.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1043.91,1047.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quote again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1049.18,1051.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"To make sure that their units suffered many casualties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1051.197,1056.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if possible to have some feign death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1058.03,1062.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This would kill two birds with one stone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1062.44,1065.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the one hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1066.45,1067.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would enhance China's contribution to Vietnam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1067.6,1071.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the other hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1071.55,1073.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who feigned death can be resurrected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1073.43,1077.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the last moment and then pack the empty caskets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1077.24,1081.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with guns and ammunition, radio sets or dynamite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1081.67,1086.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then tear them in the graves of the cemetery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1086.58,1090.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Someday when the Chinese army attacks Vietnam,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1090.04,1094.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fifth column in the interior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1094.29,1097.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning of course the Chinese nationals in Viet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1097.37,1100.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have underground arsenals of its own.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1100.84,1104.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Close quote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1104.71,1105.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1107.81,1108.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is an example of the kind of far out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1110.91,1115.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that appear in Vietnam publications today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1120.04,1125.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in their paper, in their so-called, \"White Paper.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1125.75,1130.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's look at some of the facts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1132.4,1134.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are involved in the relations with Vietnam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1135.8,1140.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the current situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1142.17,1144.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On this question of the Chinese Vietnam border,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1145.62,1150.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this border was defined in the late 19th century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1151.54,1156.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the French colonizers were still in Vietnam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1156.2,1160.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Manchu dynasty was still in China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1160.92,1165.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1887 and then revamped in 1895.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1165.23,1170.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, after the people's Republic of China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1171.15,1173.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the democratic Republic of Vietnam came into being,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1173.97,1178.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this line was respected by both of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1179.09,1182.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were on occasions, small local disputes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1184.43,1187.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but no major ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1187.99,1190.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the reason was that in 1957 and 58,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1190.12,1195.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Chinese and the Vietnamese parties exchanged letters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1195.64,1200.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they 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them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1206.86,1210.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and neither one of them should take any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1210.56,1213.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unilateral local action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1213.76,1217.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they should maintain the status quo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1217.28,1220.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until consultations 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border,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1229.84,1232.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are peoples of the same nationalities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1232.37,1235.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"minority nationalities et cetera,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1235.41,1238.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on both sides of the border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=1238.24,1240.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they never indicated that they would be 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unifying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2022.64,2026.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole Indochinese peninsula and Southeast 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75.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2666.22,2671.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But these people among the boat people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2671.57,2674.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are people of various kinds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2674.6,2677.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now here, you had a phenomenon where the Vietnamese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2677.76,2682.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a period was actually extorting money from these people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2682.61,2687.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while insisting that they leave extorting money from them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2690.46,2695.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the same 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well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2703.36,2706.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't have to go into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2706.92,2709.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we see here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2709.95,2711.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that is a chauvinism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2711.83,2715.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is a racially rooted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2715.37,2719.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discrimination against the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2720.94,2724.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for no other reason than that they are Chinese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2724.08,2728.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it has been called and I think rightfully,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2728.71,2732.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a kind of call a cost of our generation of our time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2732.6,2737.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2741.08,2741.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the same time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2744.71,2746.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was the increasing provocations on the border.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2746.36,2750.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now if we can,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2751.43,2753.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think maybe you ought to have a little rest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2753.52,2756.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This may be loading too heavily all in one time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2758.04,2763.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you want to take a little breather","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2763.33,2765.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's okay with me and we can start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2765.17,2768.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you can take it we can continue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2768.2,2771.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to focus now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2781.354,2783.104"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the attack on Kampuchea in 78.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2787.43,2792.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2801.52,2803.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I said, the Soviet Union had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2806.93,2810.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Signed this treaty with the Vietnamese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2814.25,2819.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Soviet Union as you remember,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=2820.63,2823.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had retained relations with the Lon Nol's 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regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3612.13,3615.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said that they said to him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3615.33,3618.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Absolutely yes. Send it to Heng Samrin.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3618.647,3623.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They said, \"As long as it goes to the Kampuchean people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3623.28,3628.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now we hope that it 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stages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3638.61,3641.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that some of this help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3641.47,3643.167"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been shown up in black markets in Saigon, in Hanoi,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3649.48,3654.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of it is there have been some Vietnamese soldiers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3656.27,3661.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have defected in Kampuchea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3661.12,3664.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have said that they are living on material food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3664.72,3669.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has been given by these world organizations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3669.97,3673.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3673.48,3674.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To what degree this is true?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3674.75,3676.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I certainly am in no position to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3676.81,3679.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there has been enough smoke to 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regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3692.8,3695.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3697.407,3698.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I see somebody nodding their heads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3698.49,3702.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not my place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3704.92,3707.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor is it possible for me to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3707.53,3711.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"firsthand information about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3711.01,3714.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't doubt that there may have been accesses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3714.84,3718.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the part of the Pol Pot regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3718.95,3721.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I also don't 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stories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3730.69,3734.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have been told about this regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3734.11,3737.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I've said a minute ago that I had talked to Jan Meador","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3738.53,3743.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Meador is the son of ...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3746.15,3748.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has written his 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Meador,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3751.86,3753.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the well world renowned sociologist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3755.07,3758.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now he was in the Democratic Kampuchea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3758.72,3762.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 78 before the Vietnamese invasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3762.84,3766.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said that at that time, that there was no starvation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3768.12,3773.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the people were eating,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3774.81,3776.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that things were difficult, but nevertheless,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3776.88,3781.306"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were not what they had been painted to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3781.306,3785.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, when he went back this year after the invasion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3785.01,3788.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he says squarely, that this starvation is the result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3788.82,3793.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of war and the Vietnamese invasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3793.71,3798.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is Meador and I think you would probably like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3798.15,3801.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to hear from some of our own American correspondents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3801.98,3806.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have been there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3806.24,3808.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for instance, Elizabeth Becker was there in December, 1978.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3808.17,3813.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She was there actually during the time of this invasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3816.09,3820.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now she wrote in the Washington Post,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3820.63,3823.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The impression I had of rural life in Cambodia.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3823.847,3827.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She had been there for a month or so 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black","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3833.57,3836.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who took care of the immense fields of rice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3836.87,3840.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before my trip I had heard how badly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3840.28,3843.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the new Cambodian regime functioned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3843.04,3845.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I was completely surprised by the general air","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3845.72,3849.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of productivity in the whole country.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3849.18,3852.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then there is the testimony of Richard Dudman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3853.132,3857.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who is the chief correspondent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3857.49,3859.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3859.44,3862.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said to a United States Senate committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3862.21,3866.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in January 79,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3866.13,3868.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I did not find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3869.507,3871.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sinister image painted by 1000s of refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3872.693,3877.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seemed to me that the workers work normally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3877.04,3879.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have their own free will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3879.99,3882.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were no signs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3882.21,3883.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that government cadres were giving them orders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3883.41,3886.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that army oversee is imposed any speed up of work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3886.42,3890.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though each one seemed to know what he was doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3890.83,3894.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the question of economic viability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3894.29,3897.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this country extremely fertile for agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3897.47,3901.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appears once more to be flourishing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3901.57,3904.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and potentially prosperous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3904.61,3907.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least until the Vietnamese invasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3907.04,3910.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can say on the matter of 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bellies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3916.54,3920.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"signs of famine or nutrition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3920.95,3923.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Until the new Vietnamese offensive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3923.62,3925.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the future seemed bright.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3925.94,3927.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had seen many new reservoirs and irrigation canals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3927.95,3932.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were part of a vast irrigation program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3932.1,3935.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would allow for the cultivation of new expanses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3935.43,3938.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of fields in certain regions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3939.82,3941.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with two or three rice crops a year.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3941.7,3945.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now he said other things, and I don't want to take the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3945.23,3948.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can show you other things that have been 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war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3964.45,3969.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, they suffered a bigger bombardment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3970.36,3973.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than any country in history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3973.8,3978.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three times the amount of bombs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3978.39,3980.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had been dropped on Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3980.98,3983.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole agricultural system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3983.49,3985.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the infrastructure of that system had been destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3985.84,3989.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one thing that regime did do is that in two years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3989.86,3994.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it re-constituted an agricultural system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3994.83,3999.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and created the food situation where that people ate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=3999.06,4004.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Incidentally, this is the primary reason of the emptying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4004.85,4009.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the city of Phnom Penh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4009.98,4013.946"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that in Phnom Penh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4013.946,4016.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Phnom Penh had been swollen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4016.883,4018.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by war refugees during the Llano regime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4018.94,4023.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the war that had taken place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4023.2,4026.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some 2 million had come in of peasants from the countryside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4026.08,4030.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas Cambodia had been a rice exporting country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4030.262,4034.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was only living on what the United States sent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4034.66,4037.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during that time but it would no longer send it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4037.72,4041.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who could send it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4041.32,4043.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was only one way to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4043.08,4045.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the people did not starve to death","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4045.77,4048.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that was to leave the cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4048.93,4051.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to go back to the countryside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4051.87,4054.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from which some two to two and a half million of them came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4054.87,4059.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether it was done harshly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4060.92,4063.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have seen some evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4063.64,4065.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while they say it was grim and harsh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4065.79,4068.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other stories as they come down to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4078.08,4081.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now as you know 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1979","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4409.32,4414.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to March the fifth, 1979.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4414.0,4417.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what is 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troops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4437.62,4440.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1065","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and threatens another invasion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4440.99,4443.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been 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brutal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4455.43,4460.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1071","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mopping up dry season operations there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4460.38,4463.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that this China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4465.49,4468.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I said feels and moved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4468.6,4471.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it has said that the way to get 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40s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4479.18,4482.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1077","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the late 39 and the 40s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4482.92,4485.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but by meeting every 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Einstein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4495.96,4499.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1081","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while this is certainly seemingly off the subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4499.31,4503.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1082","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it does have some relevance I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4503.86,4507.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1083","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Einstein as you know, lived through the period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4507.74,4511.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1084","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the appeasement in Germany, in the 40s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4511.11,4515.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1085","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he was a pacifist throughout the 30s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4515.24,4519.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1086","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A strong pacifist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4519.66,4522.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1087","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in this book by Ronald Clark on his life and times,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4522.44,4527.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1088","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he says that he wrote to a friend,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4528.8,4532.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1089","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A strange breed of pacifist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4533.587,4536.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1090","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will probably say to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4536.01,4538.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1091","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I cannot close my eyes to realities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4538.68,4542.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1092","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is no exaggeration to 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today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4549.57,4554.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1095","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they prevented energetic measures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4554.62,4557.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1096","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from being taken at a time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4557.63,4560.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1097","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it was relatively easy to take them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4560.81,4564.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1098","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this is a kind of insight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4564.95,4569.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1099","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into what the Chinese position is today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4570.64,4575.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That they oppose war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4576.4,4578.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are for peace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4578.6,4580.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they say that peace can only be had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4581.26,4585.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you stop aggression when it appears.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4585.5,4589.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there can be other discussion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4593.101,4595.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's it for now there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4595.09,4598.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=4598.196,4601.196"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29734/annotation/1107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/734/original/AV168086_China_and_Vietnam_a.vtt?1624893595","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/734/original/AV168086_China_and_Vietnam_a.vtt?1624893595"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29735","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV168086_China_and_Vietnam_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424/transcript/29735/annotation/1108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Services UN correspondent for the new China which is national organ of the US-China Peoples Friendship Association. She's published many articles dealing about and with China's foreign policy, author of book called China's Voice in the United Nations, frequent traveler in China, is also one of the founders of the New York US-China Peoples Friendship Association. Present time she's teaches contemporary Chinese studies at Empire State College, New York, and I'd like to give a warm welcome for this afternoon's guest lecture, Susan Warren.\r\n\r\n- I suppose this is not movable, isn't? I see. Aha. Well, I would like to start out with a little warning and that is, that this is going to be slightly heavy, not too heavy I hope. The reason for this is that the China Vietnam relations generate a lot of feelings. A lot of emotions. A lot of us have sort of cut our political teeth so to speak on the question of the Vietnam round, the Vietnam war. And there is great feeling about this so that I have felt that the best way to approach this situation, is to in so far as possible stick to facts. To tell you some of the facts about it and sometimes facts do tend to get a little bit heavy but we'll try to make them not too much and we can have a free-wheeling session as far as our discussion is concerned. Another thing is of course, that this situation between China and Vietnam requires you to sort of keep a lot of balls in the air so to speak. Because it is not only a local situation, but it has regional and global aspects to it. And that means that I will have to talk about a number of different things and we will try to keep these all in perspective because the important thing here really is not only the facts, but the relationship between the facts and that's important to keep in mind. China today, speaks about the Vietnamese people as it always has. That it is a people that has been capable of unprecedented heroism and sacrifice in a just cause and has shown amazing military skill and endurance when it was fighting for the independence of its people. And although the situation between them now is not one of this old friendship, China says that what she did, any help that she gave, she under the same circumstances would certainly do it again. Now the Vietnamese on the other hand in a rising crescendo, charged China and the Chinese not only with events that are happening today, but going way back and extending from the feudal period. And I know that all of you who have been interested in China, China Vietnam, know that even at the time of the resistance against the United States, that even at that time you would strangely read things about China, the feudal aggressions against Vietnam and certain traditional enmity. Now this has become a resounding theme and the point is made by the Vietnamese that China and Chinese are the traditional enemy as though this were something embedded somehow in the Chinese genes. They talk about these feudal aggressions that took place in the Han dynasty, in the Tang dynasty, in the Ming dynasty, outside of time and place as though they were something eternal and they say that this is traditional. But the fact is, that at these times in feudal China the Chinese people themselves were the victims of oppression by these feudal regimes. And at this time if the truth be told, the Vietnamese feudal dynasties were committing aggressions against the Champa kingdom in the 17th century against the Kampucheans, the people that we know in the West most familiarly as Cambodians. So that you see the question is when these things happened under what regimes and for what purpose? I think we really should look at some facts of the history of the Chinese Vietnamese relations in the last 30 years because the Vietnamese have recently published what they called a White Book, which talks about China in the last Chinese Vietnamese relations in the last 30 years, which is really a calm pollution of fabrications, distortions, and everything that they have said in the past has been turned around. So I would like to speak a little bit about some of the Chinese Vietnamese relations in this past 30 years. The Chinese, the help of the Chinese since 1949. Actually it predates 1949 it before the liberation, before the Advent of the people's Republic of China. The leaders of the two parties of Vietnam then known as the Indochinese Communist Party and of the party of the Chinese, were very close. And General Giap, who is now the defense minister admittedly learned a great deal from mouths of Dungs doctrine of peoples war. It was the Chinese who provided the crucial arms to the Vietnamese in the climactic battle against the French at the Dien Bien Phu. And it was only the Chinese. There was no other help to Vietnam at that time. The very pseudonym of Ho Chi Minh, was derived from the term, \"Uncle Ho\" which the Chinese called him when Ho Chi Minh stayed with Maui in Yunnan. In the summer of 1950, when the French was still the colonial masters in Indochina, then commander of the Viet Minh forces constructed in China a life-size replica of the French Indochina border outpost of donkey. And for weeks, the Giap force is trained and equipped by the newly victorious Chinese Army and a 100,000 Chinese nationalists troops who had been captured in the Liberation War were set to work, opening the path to work to build roads through the mountains and jungles to the real donkey over the border in Vietnam, to prepare for Giaps attack. In this attack, the French outpost of donkey was wiped out and the phase opened that led to Dien Bien Phu which was the turning point in the Anti-French War. At this time, it was as I said before, the Chinese who supplied the artillery, who supplied the food, who supplied the communications equipment and it was only the Chinese. So when you talk about traditional enemies or traditional friends for that matter, it depends on what tradition it is you're following. Let's talk a little bit about the Chinese aid and its attitude during Vietnam's war of resistance against the United States. We now know even better than ever, the degree of China's own lack of development. The great needs of its own people in very elementary and fundamental things. But it gave aid in the period of this Anti-US War amounting to 10 billion US dollars. And if you count the 30 years from the Anti-French War, it was something of 20 billion, US dollars. Not Chinese Yuan, but US dollars. It cared for the Vietnam wounded in its hospitals in the province of Guangxi. On the request of the Vietnamese leaders, China's sent 1000s of its engineering workers to help repair the roads and keep the lines open so that the aid could come through and for the delivery of supplies. This went up to some 100,000 Chinese who kept these roads open for the deliveries of supplies. 1000s of Chinese lost their lives for this Vietnam cause and were buried in Vietnamese soil. After 1975, after the end of the war, they gave enormous aid for reconstruction. They build bridges, roads, public works, light industrial machinery, they built a steel complex 40 miles North of Hanoi a bridge over the Red River and the Vietnamese have made enumerable statements praising in appreciation of this invaluable aid. Now in July, 1978, Chinese aid stopped. And there were a number of reasons for this because a number of things had been happening between around 1974 and 1978. One of the things that happened, was the escalation of the border, the border incidents that was taking place. These started incidentally not only after the war, but they started in 1973 and they escalated each year. Also the Chinese themselves who needed very much to build up their own country, it was a question now of after having given so much aid, of being able to build up their own. Then there was this growing relationship between Vietnam and the Soviet Union, which had its expression in certain hostility that showed gradually. This was a process we're talking about and I'll speak a little more of that later. In June of 78, the Vietnamese became part of the Eastern European economic association known as Comecon or CMEA. And then in November 78, it signed a treaty with the Soviet Union, a friendship and cooperation treaty which was essentially a military treaty. At the same time in starting in 1978, you began to have the expulsion of those Chinese in Vietnam who were either still Chinese nationalists or were Vietnamese of Chinese Birth. Now While there were differences of one kind or another between China, differences of outlook during the whole period of the war against the US, the aid never stopped and it didn't stop after the war. It only stopped after this accumulation of events especially the border incidents and the expulsion of the Chinese from Vietnam. Now, while China has never and I in the United Nations have spoken to many third world people there, ambassadors there who say that any of the aid that China has given, they have never demanded a quid pro quo or never demanded that their governments therefore follow a Chinese line and vote the way the Chinese asked them to. I remember specifically an interview with Salim of Tanzania and he said the fact is that they bend over backwards, not to seem in any way to be asking for this kind of a quid pro quo with their aid. But there is no law in human reason that says if a country is becoming openly hostile to you, is expelling your nationals, is creating provocations on the border that therefore you must continue to help them do it. The vilification of China and the distortions have reached enormous proportions. And I will just give you one example and then drop this. In the Hanoi army paper, the Quandoinhandan about a month ago, an article entitled the Hands of Peaking appeared. And this article was speaking about the help that the Chinese sent, the engineering troops that I mentioned just a little while ago to keep the roads of supply open. This article says that the Chinese embassy in Hanoi, and I quote, \"Harbored evil designs beneath its cloak of friendship. And did accuse the embassy of directing those who led this repair personnel.\" Quote again, \"To make sure that their units suffered many casualties or if possible to have some feign death. This would kill two birds with one stone. On the one hand, it would enhance China's contribution to Vietnam and on the other hand, those who feigned death can be resurrected at the last moment and then pack the empty caskets with guns and ammunition, radio sets or dynamite and then tear them in the graves of the cemetery. Someday when the Chinese army attacks Vietnam, the fifth column in the interior meaning of course the Chinese nationals in Viet would have underground arsenals of its own.\" Close quote. Now, this is an example of the kind of far out things that appear in Vietnam publications today and in their paper, in their so-called, \"White Paper.\" Let's look at some of the facts that are involved in the relations with Vietnam in the current situation. On this question of the Chinese Vietnam border, this border was defined in the late 19th century when the French colonizers were still in Vietnam and the Manchu dynasty was still in China in 1887 and then revamped in 1895. Now, after the people's Republic of China and the democratic Republic of Vietnam came into being, this line was respected by both of them. There were on occasions, small local disputes but no major ones. And the reason was that in 1957 and 58, the Chinese and the Vietnamese parties exchanged letters and they stipulated that all local disputes, there should be consultations between them and neither one of them should take any unilateral local action but they should maintain the status quo until consultations decided. They did not say that there could be no adjustment of the border because the border, there are peoples of the same nationalities, minority nationalities et cetera, on both sides of the border. And they never indicated that they would be adamant against any changes but only that these changes should be made by negotiations and in consultation and not by unilateral moves on any side. Now from 1974, the Vietnamese raised the question of certain disputed border areas. And in 1975, 76 and 77, the Chinese urged negotiations but there was a stalling on the Vietnamese part and at the same time, an increase in the unilateral actions on the board. Now if it's necessary to speak here about the question of Kampuchea and Vietnam, as I said this was a question of keeping a number of things in focus because they are all intimately related. About again about the border between Vietnam and Kampuchea, the existing boundary as the other was delineated by the French. And it favored Vietnam because Vietnam was the most advanced of the three Indochina's States that is Vietnam, Kampuchea on Cambodia and Laos. And in the past, the Vietnamese feudal courts sliced off and incorporated tens of 1000s of square kilometers of lower Kampuchea together with some islands and sea areas. This is generally conceited by all historians whatever political orientation they have. It's generally known that just as the Chinese were aggressors, they're feudal aggressors. So where the Vietnamese in relation to Kampuchea and that they were colonizers. They were small colonizers and giving way to the big French colonizers. Nevertheless, even though all of this territory had been taken, the Kampuchean governments when Sihanouk was there and the present government and Pol Pot, the Pol Pot government, the government of the Democratic of Kampuchea, have recognized the French border line as the valid one. They were not claiming the return of any other. They were not going any way beyond it. Now on may the 31st, 1967, the central committee of the South Vietnamese National Liberation Front that was in the South issued a statement which recognized the territorial integrity of Kampuchea within the existing frontiers. And on June the eighth, the Northern government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam issued a like statement. And this was followed by a letter on June the 20th, 1967 from Pham van dong, who is the premier, the prime minister in Vietnam. And on June the 23rd, 1967 from president Ho Chi Minh reiterating the recognition of Cambodia's territorial integrity within the existing boundaries. Now these existing borders included maritime frontiers known as the brevity line and this embraced Cambodia or Kampuchea's Koh Wai Island. Right after the war, the Vietnamese occupied Koh Wai Island which was Kampuchea's. Now it's well known to all of us here that during the war, certain areas in Cambodia and Laos, East of the Mekong River were occupied by Vietnamese troops. This was known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail which was very familiar to readers of the Western papers. But this was during the war of resistance and see a notepad a rather ambiguous attitude towards this. On the one hand, he recognized that it was necessary for their defense. On the other hand, he feared for Cambodia's independence. Now at the end of the war, the Vietnamese at first refused to leave this area all together. Then they withdrew some of their troops and some of their administrative people, but left others behind who became a kind of element that was for that the Vietnamese could control from Hanoi. The leaders of democratic Kampuchea went to Hanoi in 1976 and tried to negotiate. But at this time the Vietnamese authorities made an about face. They negated the 1967 commitments saying that these commitments were made under the duress of war. But actually what has happened is that this island for instance, it has been known during the time of the Saigon government in South Vietnam, some French oil companies began investigating for oil and found the possibilities of oil around these islands. Now understandably, it was not acceptable to the Kampucheans that the Vietnamese should remain in this territory which both the Vietnamese and the Kampucheans had recognized to be Kampuchean territory. So that this is the source of these border wars. It's not possible to say who fires the first shot or who did ... In such a situation, the thing becomes quite complex. But the fact is that the Kampucheans felt that they were in essence trying to maintain their own territory which had been occupied by the Vietnamese. Now, the Vietnamese had this idea of a Indochina, a unified Indochina, which would be an Indochinese Federation in which the Vietnamese as a people with some close to 50 million people and an army that had a emerged from the war very powerful with enormous experience, enormous equipment, that they would be the dominating factor in this Indochinese Federation. And they had thought that it would be possible to take this over peacefully, that some of their own people were still planted well inside of Kampuchea and that they would be able to do this. But they found that it wasn't possible to do this \"peacefully\" in quotes and so on December the seventh, 1977, they launched an attack with 14 divisions. A really large scale attack with ... Now this attack which is December 77, they hoped would be a kind of lits hat they would be able to do this in one stroke, they would present the world with a fait accompli and that would be it. But the fact is that the Kampucheans stood and defeated them and pushed them back in this December 77 attack. When this happened, then the Vietnamese began to call openly for the overthrow of the Kampuchean government and to be announcing every few months that there was an uprising here and uprising there et cetera, and that they began to gather their forces including some Kampucheans who had come over into Vietnam during the war in order to say that there was internal uprising. Now this is well documented in the US Press. Henry cam for instance in the New York times, if you look back in that period you will find date from month to month the documentation of this planting and preparing of forces within Vietnam for this assault on Kampuchea. Now I'd like to again, sort of switch the camera so to speak back to Vietnam itself and speak about some of the post Anti-US War developments, some of the developments after the war in Vietnam. Of course the question comes up it can't be avoided, of how could a government like the Vietnamese which had fought so valiantly for its own independence, how could it have changed so quickly? Well, I think the fact is that it was not really a change overnight. And we also have to think in terms of what happens in a national war for independence in a country that is fighting for its survival as the Vietnamese were. All kinds of people who have very different outlooks politically, ideologically and every other way join into that struggle and that is as it should be because it's a fundamental down to earth question of this nation living. But it has its negative elements. There are those who fight for their country survival, who want their country to be independent and free of any other kind of aggression from the outside. But there are those who want their country to be free from outside aggression but having enormous ambitions for themselves, a negative aspect of nationalism in our own day. So that when you have a Vietnam that had these elements since some of these things that were true right from the beginning, and it emerged with this powerful military machine and considered itself a third power in the world and had an ambition for unifying the whole Indochinese peninsula and Southeast Asia. Now, during all of this time as I've indicated before, there was a growing anti home town who was the editor in chief of Nam Dan, the main paper in Vietnam. The paper of the Vietnamese leadership was interviewed by the sweetest journalist, Eric Pierre. And this is what he said and this is what the Chinese called to the attention of the Vietnamese. He said, \"During the war, it was vital for Vietnam that both China and the USSR help North Vietnam to the full. Today, it is no longer so vital for this country to follow that policy. Anyway, the political and cultural pressure from the North must be removed. Therefore, the rapprochement with the USSR plays a very important role for Vietnam today. There is a tangible strong Soviet interest coinciding with Vietnamese interests to reduce China's influence in this part of the world.\" close quote. Then the Vietnamese had a Congress of the Vietnamese Workers Party in December, 1976. And they purged all of those people in the leading organs of their party that they considered to be friendly to China. Among these was Hoang van Hoan, who was an old friend and one of the founders of the Indochinese Liberation Movement with Ho Chi Minh and was a member of their topic executive committee. Also general Chu Van Tan, who was one of the founders of the Vietnamese Army and one of the legendary guerrilla leaders. General Le Quang Ba, Lee Byung, the former deputy Foreign Trade Minister and Tran Dinh Tri were among those. So that we see within the Vietnamese leading group there are differences among them. It's also true that during the war itself, during the Anti-US War, the Vietnamese showed a sense of national superiority in relation to the Laotians and the Kampucheans. They repeatedly suggested that the three Indochinese States should have a unified command which would be controlled by Vietnam. Richard Harris of the Times of London said in 78, \"In all the warfare since 1945, the Vietnamese have treated the Cambodians and Laotians as though they were ranks under the Vietnam command. Since the war, some 50,000 Vietnamese troops are stationed in Laos. The Laotians themselves have only 30,000.\" And Fox Butterfield in the New York Times said, Quote, \"That the Vietnamese advisers are in every government office in Laos, including that of the prime minister. And it is similar to the French colonial days when the French has signed the more educated Vietnamese as administrators in Laos when recently there was talk that the Chinese were massing troops on the Laotian border.\" And when in March 79, this story appeared in the press, Henry Kam said in the New York times that this story originated in Moscow, it was picked up in Hanoi and only finally echoed in Vientiane by the Laotians. There have been some 200,000 Laotian refugees since 1975 and most of them are in Thailand. It's also important I think in keeping these balls in the air to speak about the economic situation in Vietnam. There was of course after the war, the enormous war devastation that one cannot underestimate. And then in 1977 there were disastrous floods in Vietnam too. Now in the early days after the war, the Vietnamese approach to South Vietnam was one of a United front an understanding that you could not introduce all of the drastic changes that might become possible all at one time. It was necessary to bring the people along step by step and that this is what they started out to do. But suddenly in March of 1978, there was a shift of policy of continuing this united front to one of socialism in one leap. And then you have the total nationalization right down to the small merchants. And there were many Chinese, it is true who were small merchants. This is in South Vietnam but instead of being able to move step-by-step to changes they were approached to either go to new economic zones in which there would be no help given except what they could produce themselves or they were forced out to leave the country. What's more, there were these things that were taking place on the border with China and with Kampuchea so that the military demands were causing a major diversion of resources and manpower. And since 1977, the rice production dropped sharply. There were severe food and other shortages and inflation estimated at close to 100% annually. As I mentioned before in June 78, the Vietnamese joined the Eastern European economic bloc. And in November 78, they signed this Soviet-Vietnamese Treaty. And then you had the rising tempo of the expulsion of the ethnic Chinese who became what we know as the boat people. Now the Chinese, there were some million and a half Chinese in Vietnam. Most of the Chinese had been in Vietnam for many generations. They had come as immigrants generally do seeking a living because things were bad in China, in Pre-Liberation China. And so they came and had established roots there. Now in North Vietnam, one of the things that the Vietnamese have said is that some of the Chinese were posed to socialism. They were merchants. They were capitalists. They were speculators. Well, the fact is that the first large push of Chinese out of Vietnam was from the North where there had been socialism since 1945. And among them were people who had taken part with the Vietnamese in the construction of their country in the war itself, who had been in many cases heroes of that war who were pushed over to the border into China, literally pushed. Now, it is not generally known that China has taken some 251,000 Vietnamese refugees. And its attitude has been, that they can settle in China as long as they want to. They do not have to find another place unless they want to. They are welcome to stay there in China if that is what they want. Now, as far as the South is concerned, there were many of the boat people. The Chinese were pushed over the border, the Northern border. It is from the South that there were boat people and here you find many people of different kinds not only merchants. After all the largest percentage of the Chinese, some 90% of the Chinese were working people of one kind or another. There were merchants. There were people who were well to do, who were speculators, et cetera. Many of them went to Taiwan immediately after 75. But these people among the boat people are people of various kinds. Now here, you had a phenomenon where the Vietnamese for a period was actually extorting money from these people while insisting that they leave extorting money from them and at the same time, taking over all of their property and putting them to see in the conditions that we all know so well and I don't have to go into. What we see here, something that is a chauvinism, that is a racially rooted discrimination against the people for no other reason than that they are Chinese. And it has been called and I think rightfully, a kind of call a cost of our generation of our time. Now, at the same time, there was the increasing provocations on the border. Now if we can, I think maybe you ought to have a little rest. This may be loading too heavily all in one time. But if you want to take a little breather that's okay with me and we can start. But if you can take it we can continue. I'd like to focus now to the attack on Kampuchea in 78. The Soviet Union, as I said, the Soviet Union had Signed this treaty with the Vietnamese. The Soviet Union as you remember, had retained relations with the Lon Nol's regime in Kampuchea right up to its defeat in 1975. And its support for Hanoi crystallized in November 78 with that treaty. And it was the treaty was in November 78 and it was timed at for a big dry season assault in Kampuchea and it came on December the 25th, 1978. And it was a 100,000 troops. It was a naked aggression with tanks, with planes, with anti-personnel weapons. Hanoi denied that there were any Vietnamese there. It said it was a national uprising by the National United Front for national salvation. Now I attended the session that was immediately called in the United Nations on this question, there was a resolution presented by the non-aligned nations in January. Now Sihanouk appeared as the representative of Kampuchea at this meeting of the United Nations. And Sihanouk as you know is a very colorful and eloquent speaker and he was at that time full of anger and rage. And he spoke again very eloquently there. And I just want to give you a little of what he said. He said, \"The government press and radio have Hanoi have themselves been spontaneously declaring to the world that this front was created and existed only since December the second, 1978. Even school children at the primary level would be unable to believe that in the extremely short space of 22 days, this tiny insignificant so-called front could recruit a Quip, train and link into shape such an Olympian armed force of so many components and furthermore equipped with machines and weapons requiring perfect mastery of electronics and ballistics. Not to mention the special skills that can be possessed only by units which have already taken part in large-scale operations. This so-called Kampuchea National Front for national salvation and its government, are in fact only a pitiful smoke screen designed to hide from the outside world that this war is purely a war of aggression, annexation, and regional hegemonism.\" Now the Pol Pot regime in the Democratic Kampuchea had shifted, knew that this was coming. There was nothing, it was very clear that this assault was coming and they were prepared for it. In this sense, there was an interview with Pol Pot just a month or two before this Vietnamese invasion. And in it, he spoke about the fact that they would shift to the strategy of people's war. They would not be so foolish as to stand up against this onslaught of tanks and planes, et cetera but that they would move back to guerrilla warfare and shift to a people's war strategy. And this is what they have done. And this is what they have been carrying out. It's a very ironic thing because it is what the Vietnamese did in the early days of their own struggle. Now in the United Nations, this resolution that was offered by the non-aligned countries was supported, there are 15 members of the security council. It was supported by every member, but two. It was 13 to two, a resolution which called for the withdrawal of the Vietnamese troops of all foreign troops from Kampuchea. The two where the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. Since the Soviet union is one of the permanent members of the security council, therefore it constituted a veto and was not passed. Then there was a resolution offered by the non-aligned countries by the Asian countries, the countries of Southeast Asia and that suffered the same fate. Now in this new session of the United Nations, the Vietnamese and the Russians and those who support them, tried to have the credentials of Kampuchea taken away from Democratic Kampuchea and given to the authorities that they have set up in Phnom Penh, the Heng Samrin regime. Now this was defeated by a vote of 71 to 35. There was also a question of a discussion in the assembly on the situation in Kampuchea which took place just 10 days ago, again the Russians and those who support them opposed even having this discussion. But again, they were defeated. The discussion was held and a resolution was offered again calling for the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Kampuchea and of aid to all of the suffering, hungry Cambodian people and this was passed by 91 to 21. So that Vietnam who came out of the war against the United States with enormous and well earned international prestige, has become increasingly isolated in the world community. Now it was a little bit, I must say, like sitting in a kind of watching a performance of the theater of the absurd, you might say in this security council meeting because here you had the Vietnamese and their supporters, the Russians and those who support it, saying there were no Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea. And they were opposing having any discussion for the reason that this would be interfering in the internal affairs of Kampuchea. If the United Nations had a discussion on it, that would be interfering in the internal affairs of Kampuchea. But if the Vietnamese came in with a 100,000 troops into the country of an independent sovereign country, that for some reason best known to them, was not interference in the internal affairs. The situation today is that the Vietnamese say that there are only remnants left of the Democratic Kampuchean troops and that what they are doing today is mopping up and that they are having the kind of search and destroy offensives that we remember so well from the Vietnamese War. But strangely enough, though they say that they have destroyed the Kampuchean troops, that they have had to increase their own troops to 200,000. There are now some 200,000 or more Vietnamese troops in Kampuchea which is a clear factual indication that far from having been able to destroy the other troops, that they are having a great deal of trouble in dealing with them. I had a conversation with the ambassador from the Democratic Kampuchea the other day in which he said that the Vietnamese control a few cities and the about one or two kilometers out of the main roads. No, some of the main roads and one or two kilometers on the side of these roads. In the interior, the Democratic Kampuchea say that they are contesting. They don't say that they control, that they are contesting 80 to 85% of the territory of Kampuchea. Now they have also put forward a program which is emphasizing that this war on the part of the Vietnamese, is a war of extermination of a whole people by war, by famine, by resettling of Vietnamese in Kampuchea and that this has made it necessary to unify all of the forces in Kampuchea, whatever their orientation, whatever their an ideology may be. And their program includes that with the withdrawal of the Vietnamese troops, that the people of Kampuchea would have a free election by secret ballot that would be supervised by the United Nations and that they have taken the position that humanitarian aid should be sent through out all of Kampuchea. I recently had occasion to talk to Jan Meador, who made a trip to Kampuchea just in September of this year. And he says that in Kampuchea itself, that the people there are fighting. And he says that the ministers there have told him that there have been resettled in Kampuchea at least some 300,000 Vietnamese. Now there is great food shortage in Vietnam. Kampuchea is notably a very fertile rice growing area. And it has been a rice exporting area in the past. And so it is interesting to see this connection between the settling of Vietnamese in Kampuchea. Miado also told me that he asked these ministers of Democratic Kampuchea, whether they were willing that aid to the hungry and disease written people in Cambodia should go to those who are in the areas controlled by the Heng Samrin regime. And he said that they said to him, \"Absolutely yes. Send it to Heng Samrin.\" They said, \"As long as it goes to the Kampuchean people. Now we hope that it will. We have heard and it has been reported in the press after all it's in the early stages that some of this help has been shown up in black markets in Saigon, in Hanoi, some of it is there have been some Vietnamese soldiers who have defected in Kampuchea, who have said that they are living on material food that has been given by these world organizations and so forth.\" To what degree this is true? I certainly am in no position to say, but there has been enough smoke to indicate that there may be some fire and it should be watched. Now, I think that something should be said about the Pol Pot regime. I see somebody nodding their heads. It is not my place nor is it possible for me to have firsthand information about this. And I don't doubt that there may have been accesses on the part of the Pol Pot regime. But I also don't think that it is absolutely necessary to accept all of these stories, the horror stories that have been told about this regime. Now, I've said a minute ago that I had talked to Jan Meador and Meador is the son of ... He has written his own. He stands on his own. He is also the son of Gana Meador, the well world renowned sociologist. Now he was in the Democratic Kampuchea in 78 before the Vietnamese invasion. And he said that at that time, that there was no starvation, that the people were eating, that things were difficult, but nevertheless, they were not what they had been painted to be. Now, when he went back this year after the invasion he says squarely, that this starvation is the result of war and the Vietnamese invasion. Now this is Meador and I think you would probably like to hear from some of our own American correspondents who have been there. for instance, Elizabeth Becker was there in December, 1978. She was there actually during the time of this invasion. Now she wrote in the Washington Post, \"The impression I had of rural life in Cambodia.\" She had been there for a month or so before. \"Which stays in my mind is the picture of groups of peasants dressed in black who took care of the immense fields of rice. Before my trip I had heard how badly the new Cambodian regime functioned, but I was completely surprised by the general air of productivity in the whole country.\" And then there is the testimony of Richard Dudman who is the chief correspondent of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. And he said to a United States Senate committee in January 79, \"I did not find the sinister image painted by 1000s of refugees. It seemed to me that the workers work normally and have their own free will. There were no signs that government cadres were giving them orders or that army oversee is imposed any speed up of work, though each one seemed to know what he was doing. On the question of economic viability, this country extremely fertile for agriculture appears once more to be flourishing and potentially prosperous at least until the Vietnamese invasion. I can say on the matter of nutrition, that the appearance of small children at play gave no evidence of apathy or swollen bellies, signs of famine or nutrition. Until the new Vietnamese offensive, the future seemed bright. We had seen many new reservoirs and irrigation canals which were part of a vast irrigation program which would allow for the cultivation of new expanses of fields in certain regions with two or three rice crops a year.\" Now he said other things, and I don't want to take the time. I can show you other things that have been said. Now, I am not saying this to negate that this regime may have indulged in certain accesses that may have been part of the fact that they were the enormity of the war. I mean, they suffered a bigger bombardment than any country in history, three times the amount of bombs that had been dropped on Japan. The whole agricultural system, the infrastructure of that system had been destroyed. And one thing that regime did do is that in two years, it re-constituted an agricultural system and created the food situation where that people ate. Incidentally, this is the primary reason of the emptying of the city of Phnom Penh. Is that in Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh had been swollen by war refugees during the Llano regime and the war that had taken place. Some 2 million had come in of peasants from the countryside. Whereas Cambodia had been a rice exporting country, it was only living on what the United States sent during that time but it would no longer send it. Who could send it? There was only one way to see that the people did not starve to death and that was to leave the cities and to go back to the countryside from which some two to two and a half million of them came. Whether it was done harshly, I have seen some evidence while they say it was grim and harsh, other stories as they come down to us. Now as you know China attacked in Vietnam on February the 17th, 79. Shift camera again. The crux of the whole Indochinese situation, lies in the invasion of Vietnam by Kampuchea. As I said, these border provocations had been going on from 1973 or four at a rising tempo. The Chinese did not attack them. And while I don't by any means know this to be true, one can speculate, that if they had not taken place at a greater tempo at the same time that the Kampuchean invasion took place, that the Chinese might have done what they had done for a couple of years is being not to answer in that particular way. But the question of the invasion of Kampuchea creates a certain global and regional situation, which cannot be ignored. If you remember, it was the United States in 50s and 60s in the years of American destiny when there was a SEATO treaty and a CENTO treaty and you had the China being contained both from the South by the United States and in the North. Now it is not possible for a country to have large hostile armies on its borders from outside of the area. When the Vietnamese signed this treaty with the Soviet Union, this was a part of a global strategy. You heard of the Soviet Union, which had a million troops on China's Northern border and at the same time globally speaking was moving southward and wanted to create a new containment on the Vietnamese Laotian border. So that this was not a tolerable situation and it was part of the whole world situation in which the Soviet Union on the one hand, was moving out into areas like Africa in Ethiopia, in the question of Eritrea on the Red Sea, in Yemen, in South Yemen, in Afghanistan, in the Indian Ocean, in around the Japanese islands and so forth. So that on the one hand, you had a Vietnam which needed the Soviet Union to realize its goal of an Indochina Federation under its domination and Moscow needed Hanoi as its reliable outpost in Southeast Asia to implement its drive southward which is part of its global strategy to link up and control the sea lanes from the Western Pacific to the Indian Ocean. So that you had this merging of interests of local regional and global interests there. And this was an intolerable situation for the Chinese. Also, you had the fact that the Chinese have always said, that they do not want to fight. That what they need today is a peaceful international environment to concentrate on building up their own country. But on the other hand, they have said that you cannot appease expansionism and aggression. That you don't get peace by yielding to aggression. That you only get it by meeting each aggression as it happens and stopping it then and there. when the Chinese made this attack, they said that they did not wanna interfere Vietnamese territory. They say that not one Chinese soldier is left on Vietnamese soil. And if the Vietnamese claim that there are border areas, if they claim that, fine. Let them settle it in negotiations. They said from the outset before they ever started, that it would be a limited action and it was a limited action. It lasted from February 17th, 1979 to March the fifth, 1979. And what is more? It cannot be compared to the Kampucheans situation. They did not stay, they withdrew. They did not take over a government, they did not occupy a country, they did not set up a puppet regime. Hanoi says that China is massing troops and threatens another invasion. There has been absolutely no international confirmation of this. What is the fact is that while making this claim, they have increased the troops in Kampuchea to over 200,000 and have launched a new brutal mopping up dry season operations there. So that this China, as I said feels and moved because it has said that the way to get peace is not by appeasement, not what happened in the 40s, the late 39 and the 40s, but by meeting every aggression. It just happens that I happen to be reading a biography of Albert Einstein. And while this is certainly seemingly off the subject, it does have some relevance I think. Einstein as you know, lived through the period of the appeasement in Germany, in the 40s. And he was a pacifist throughout the 30s. A strong pacifist. But in this book by Ronald Clark on his life and times, he says that he wrote to a friend, \"A strange breed of pacifist, you will probably say to me but I cannot close my eyes to realities. It is no exaggeration to say, that the British and to some extent French pacifists are largely responsible for the desperate situation today because they prevented energetic measures from being taken at a time when it was relatively easy to take them. And I think this is a kind of insight into what the Chinese position is today. That they oppose war. They are for peace but they say that peace can only be had if you stop aggression when it appears. If there can be other discussion, I think that's it for now there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45466/file/118424#t=0.0,4604.088"}]}]}]}