{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/q814m92390/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Shrader-Frechette, K. S., Technological Risk Assessment"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204023 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Technological Risk Assessment is a September 19, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Kristin Shrader-Frechette. Kristin Shrader-Frechette discusses risk assessment and the determination of acceptable risk.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV204023"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Technological Risk Assessment. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9xw48198"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1991-09-19"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Shrader-Frechette, K. S. (Kristin Sharon) (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Technology--Risk assessment","Carcinogens","Nuclear power plants--Risk assessment","Industrial safety"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Technological Risk Assessment is a September 19, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Kristin Shrader-Frechette. Kristin Shrader-Frechette discusses risk assessment and the determination of acceptable risk.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/324/small/lecture.png?1622659463","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_a.mp3"]},"duration":2752.02612,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/324/small/lecture.png?1622659463","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/324/original/AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_a.mp3?1622659463","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2752.02612,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=5.521,6.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If I were home, my students would be at talks too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=6.75,11.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for extra credit, so (laughing) anyways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=11.09,16.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's hope this is, you enjoy this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=16.12,18.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=18.91,21.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=21.64,22.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, well what I'm going to talk about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=22.58,25.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since you apparently have a sizeable number of folks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=25.68,28.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are interested in areas of science and technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=28.44,31.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is something called quantitative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=31.83,34.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or probabilistic risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=34.36,36.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a technique that's been widely used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=36.31,38.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States, but also in some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=38.75,41.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the more developed countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=41.22,42.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the Netherlands and Germany, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=42.36,46.278"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's a technique that has been mandated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=46.278,49.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Congress ever since the 1982","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=49.77,52.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Risk Assessment Research and Demonstration Act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=52.22,54.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the way we make our decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=54.74,57.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what sorts of risks we as a society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=57.23,60.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to accept from nuclear power plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=60.53,63.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to liquified natural gas facilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=63.32,66.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to toxic waste dumps, or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=66.27,68.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I'd like to do to get you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=68.66,71.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to begin thinking about technological risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=71.51,76.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to suggest something to you about the statistics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=76.19,80.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably most of you don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=80.4,82.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the US Office of Technology Assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=82.494,85.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"again, a government group, not the Sierra Club","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=85.31,88.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not the local wing of the Socialist Party or something,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=88.44,92.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the US Office of Technology Assessment estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=92.71,95.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that probably 90% of cancers are environmentally induced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=95.94,100.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and theoretically preventable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=100.41,102.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's an incredible statistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=102.76,104.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roughly 29% of those cancers come from cigarette smoking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=104.94,109.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to say that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=109.26,110.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I've seen a lot of smoker around here. (laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=110.3,114.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, I don't see it as many smokers in Florida,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=114.29,117.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"course they're over 70,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=117.53,119.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but most of those cancers are environmentally induced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=119.07,123.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and theoretically preventable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=123.41,125.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you look around the room, what you should do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=125.2,127.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is think that roughly one in three of you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=127.48,130.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is gonna die of cancer, premature cancers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=130.16,133.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you know from what's up there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=133.77,136.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that cancer is a leading cause of death of young people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=136.22,139.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not just something that's associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=139.63,141.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the aging process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=141.18,142.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we are literally killing ourselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=142.93,145.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I find amazing about some of the ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=145.667,148.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're killing ourselves is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=148.46,151.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are 15,000 murders every year in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=151.51,156.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many more deaths","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=156.93,160.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the government estimates are caused by air pollution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=160.72,163.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many more deaths caused by cancer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=163.9,166.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet we don't call those deaths murder, do we?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=166.45,170.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet 90% of the cancers, we think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=170.83,172.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are environmentally induced and theoretically preventable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=172.9,175.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that suggests to me that we need to think perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=175.93,179.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some new ways about what we're doing to ourselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=179.73,184.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how we define what we call technological risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=184.89,189.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe how we define even things that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=190.7,193.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we might call, that we might call murder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=193.42,197.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you all, when you hear the term probabilistic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=197.0,199.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or quantitative risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=199.23,201.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you probably think of the area in which quantitative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=201.67,205.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or probabilistic risk assessment arose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=205.63,208.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It began to be done in the 1950s when various countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=208.67,213.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"went into nuclear generation of electricity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=213.11,216.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the problem was that countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=216.38,219.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could not find adequate liability insurance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=219.63,222.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they went into nuclear generation of electricity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=222.73,225.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the government did quantitative risk assessments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=225.6,228.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to determine just how risky nuclear energy was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=228.85,233.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's the way the technique got its start.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=233.46,236.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you in a few minutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=236.82,238.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what things are included in the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=238.47,241.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"known as probabilistic or quantitative risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=241.63,245.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most of it got its start","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=245.34,247.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an attempt of the government, mainly the US government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=247.33,251.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to figure out exactly what the risks were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=251.6,254.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of nuclear generation of electricity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=254.87,257.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because in 1955, before the first nuclear plant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=257.27,261.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was online in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=261.48,263.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every company in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=263.98,267.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concerned with or working with nuclear energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=267.56,270.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"refused to go into commercial generation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=270.29,273.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of nuclear electricity because the company said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=273.0,275.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be too risky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=275.75,277.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The accidents could be catastrophic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=277.52,280.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and too many people could die,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=280.36,282.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the companies would never survive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=282.78,284.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They'd go bankrupt in the event of an accident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=284.52,287.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the government began doing probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=288.02,290.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and developing techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=290.94,293.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for measuring different societal risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=293.29,296.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This particular slide, as the bottom of it shows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=296.69,300.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a slide of Chernobyl.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=300.2,301.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is one of our more celebrated technological risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=301.53,305.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people that have probably died or will die","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=305.64,309.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the next 30 years as a consequence of Chernobyl","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=309.07,312.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably will number about 40 to 50,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=312.76,315.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That simply gives you the dose response curves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=315.99,318.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the, what we know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=318.98,320.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the amount of radiation that was emitted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=320.033,323.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then using our standard tables","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=323.33,327.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used by the National Academy of Sciences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=327.27,329.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to estimate how many deaths will come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=329.55,332.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from that level of radiation exposure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=332.11,334.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've had a number of other technological catastrophes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=334.92,339.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in addition to nuclear power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=339.24,341.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I use the nuclear case simply because the failures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=341.28,345.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of nuclear power are so dramatic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=345.26,348.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The US government itself says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=348.539,349.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if there were a catastrophic core melt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=349.96,353.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roughly 145,000 people would die,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=353.8,356.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an area the size of Pennsylvania would be blacked out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=356.36,359.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Property damage alone would be about $17 billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=359.62,364.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's important to point out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=364.12,366.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the liability consequences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=366.53,370.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the health and medical losses expected to occur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=370.01,374.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be about three to four times that 17 billion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=374.45,378.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the government guaranteed liability limit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=378.74,382.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to protect the nuclear industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=382.67,384.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is roughly 1% of what the government says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=384.93,388.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could be the total possible losses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=388.49,391.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we have some serious problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=391.0,392.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a technology, many dangerous technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=392.89,396.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this one in particular, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=396.75,399.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has caused accidents or could cause accidents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=399.57,402.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which, on the government's own admission, are not insurable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=402.89,407.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By US law, the Price-Anderson Act,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=407.83,410.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roughly 99% of the losses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=410.22,412.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given a catastrophic nuclear accident, would be uninsurable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=412.91,417.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is to protect the nuclear industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=417.61,420.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also have some problems with risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=421.61,424.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm going to give you just an overview of risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=424.12,426.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to interest you in some of these problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=426.31,428.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I suspect that most of you didn't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=428.87,431.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that your losses would not be covered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=431.8,433.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the event of a catastrophic core melt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=433.633,436.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our space program is also very, very risky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=436.78,440.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody who's looked at any of the risk assessments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=440.64,444.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have to do with the whole NASA enterprise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=444.02,447.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would never be surprised at the Challenger disaster.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=447.57,450.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the failed launches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=450.76,455.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the successful launches,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=455.07,456.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll see that the probability of failure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=456.84,459.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least in terms of the actual frequency of failure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=459.04,462.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very, very high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=462.02,463.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So who should have been surprised by a Challenger disaster?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=463.67,468.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only these sort of exotic technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=470.264,473.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but virtually every worker in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=473.07,476.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every blue collar worker in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=476.12,479.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is exposed to workplace risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=479.21,482.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I have lots of tables on the sorts of workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=482.24,487.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in particular occupations and the sorts of cancers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=487.18,490.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are associated with their workloads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=490.16,494.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I didn't want to bore you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=494.04,495.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by showing them all of them to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=495.92,498.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're in an area of very high pesticide use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=498.13,501.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I can tell you that there are a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=501.06,503.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pesticide-induced cancers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=503.01,504.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That may be one of the worst hazards in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=504.66,508.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So all of us, all of us, it's safe to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=508.3,512.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are exposed to hundreds, perhaps thousands of risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=512.73,515.568"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our daily life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=515.568,516.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have to come up with a decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=516.947,519.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what risks we're going to accept,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=519.39,522.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how we're going to distribute those risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=522.84,525.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's going to pay for the cost of reducing those risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=525.54,530.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's a serious health problem, again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=530.043,532.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's why I gave you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=532.92,533.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the numbers at the beginning on murders.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=533.78,537.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I submit to you that the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=537.5,539.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how we manage technological risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=539.4,542.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is no less serious a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=542.27,544.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than how we handle murder,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=544.3,545.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the US is the murder capital of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=545.52,548.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that should give you some idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=548.72,550.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how serious our problems are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=550.9,552.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with technological risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=552.55,555.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking roughly about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=555.3,557.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ballpark of half a million cancers a year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=557.4,560.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"half a million cancer deaths,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=560.06,561.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with 90% of them environmentally induced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=561.87,564.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you see that's an order of magnitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=564.41,566.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"greater than murders, but you don't hear people yelling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=566.55,570.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about environmentally induced cancers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=570.44,572.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as you hear people yelling about murder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=572.72,575.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, with that sort of background,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=575.907,577.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I haven't scared you enough or worried you enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=577.34,580.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or caused you to say that you're not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=580.867,581.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to smoke any longer, or stay downwind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=581.96,586.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when people are spraying pesticides or whatever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=586.73,589.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then listen for a few moments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=591.01,592.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that's what I'd like to convince you to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=592.71,597.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me tell you a little bit about risk, though.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=597.52,601.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Risk is a philosophical topic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=601.06,603.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it has to do with an ethical issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=603.07,606.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how great a threat to our welfare is too great?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=606.68,610.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way people define risk, however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=612.06,614.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not explicitly ethical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=614.9,617.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the way that government risk assessors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=617.31,619.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"typically define risk:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=619.88,621.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compound measure of perceived probability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=621.36,624.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the magnitude of adverse effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=624.94,628.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in other words, somebody would say, \"Well, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=628.66,631.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spray Roundup to get rid of weeds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=631.48,635.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the increment, or the increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=635.14,638.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in my average annual probability of fatality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=638.63,641.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of my spraying Roundup?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=642.3,645.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the government's goal is to assess all the risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=645.45,650.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which we as a society are faced,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=650.133,652.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly the risks that we don't choose ourselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=652.94,656.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"risks from societal factors that are difficult to avoid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=656.21,660.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then figure out what risks to control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=660.97,665.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of what their probability is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=665.31,668.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how many fatalities or deaths they likely cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=668.88,672.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So typically, risk assessors will talk in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=673.91,677.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the average annual probability of fatality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=677.28,680.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So every day you're exposed to hundreds of factors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=680.277,684.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every one of which contributes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=684.38,686.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to your average annual probability of fatality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=686.51,690.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one reason why risk assessment is important, again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=690.3,695.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is if the government is going to spend money to reduce risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=695.52,699.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presumably it makes sense to reduce the most serious,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=699.66,703.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the highest probability risks, first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=703.59,706.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At least if you're a proponent of economic efficiency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=707.03,709.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that makes sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=709.483,711.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now we spend about $5 million in pollution control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=711.43,716.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for every steelworker's life that is saved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=717.09,721.421"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are many other areas of our healthcare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=721.421,724.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"areas that have to do with the health","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=724.1,725.601"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of women and children, for example, in which we spend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=725.601,729.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10, 20 to $30,000 for regulations or health programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=729.258,734.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to save a particular life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=736.2,739.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a real question of equity here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=739.21,741.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once we know the probability of fatality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=742.92,745.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with a particular risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=745.75,748.747"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay, then how do we decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=748.747,751.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when to impose pollution control regulations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=751.42,754.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or when to attempt to save those lives?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=754.62,757.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you might suspect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=757.75,759.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lives that are most often saved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=759.94,762.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are those of fat, middle-aged, wealthy males, surprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=762.19,767.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the sorts of things that bother them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=767.677,770.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of research on heart disease, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=770.31,773.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who tend to unionize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=773.65,775.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a lot of money spent on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=775.19,777.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is one more area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=777.27,779.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which we need to talk about questions of ethics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=779.53,782.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and social and political philosophy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=782.67,785.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, typically we say that a risk is worth taking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=785.23,789.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it gives us a lot of benefits, because most of our models","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=789.177,793.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for looking at when a risk is acceptable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=793.51,796.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are straightforward models of neoclassical economics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=796.08,800.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if we figure out how much money is spent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=800.46,803.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a particular risk, for instance, with respect to skiing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=803.45,808.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's the total amount of money that American consumers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=808.6,812.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spend on skiing per year?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=812.49,814.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then we write that down as the benefit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=814.81,817.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this particular curve shows the risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=817.717,821.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as graphed against the particular benefit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=821.46,824.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that comes from the number of activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=824.34,826.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll see that handguns out up there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=826.97,829.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause a lot of risk to a lot of people, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=829.43,833.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a very high probability of doing a lot of damage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=834.752,838.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet, they apparently contribute very little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=838.28,841.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to our benefits in terms of economics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=841.92,844.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless you have grounds, well economic ones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=844.18,847.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for doing in your neighbor with a handgun.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=847.25,850.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. But that gives some idea of one of the ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=850.02,853.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which we like to look at risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=853.78,856.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We rank them in order of probability of fatality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=856.12,859.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or we rank them in order of benefits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=859.0,861.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you may say that it doesn't make sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=861.92,865.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=865.47,867.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it does in large part because if we don't use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=867.96,871.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some form of analytic technique to figure out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=871.58,874.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what our probably of fatality is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=874.54,877.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how much it costs us to save individual lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=877.34,881.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we'll spend money very inefficiently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=881.23,883.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you an example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=883.72,885.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the most effective ways of saving lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=885.42,889.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are normally lost to automobile accidents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=889.464,892.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the use of seat belts and airbags.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=892.21,894.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you pay per life lost is very, very cheap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=894.787,899.004"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the most inefficient ways to save lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=899.004,903.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are normally lost through automobile accidents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=903.32,906.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is through driver education, it's simply not effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=906.934,909.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, we pour millions and millions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=909.907,911.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and millions of dollars into driver ed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=911.307,914.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's substantially no difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=914.37,917.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the people who have the benefit of driver ed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=917.77,920.289"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the people who don't, on the whole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=920.289,922.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that you get lower insurance rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=922.83,925.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you've had driver ed when you're a teenager,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=925.54,927.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but nevertheless the cost per life saved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=927.91,930.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is astronomical compared to the cost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=930.95,933.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of simply installing seat belts or airbags.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=933.5,938.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one of the reasons why we want to look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=938.27,940.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the most efficient ways of saving lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=940.69,944.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that obviously we can save a lot more lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=944.01,947.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the same dollar if we try to evaluate our risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=947.7,950.835"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of probability of fatality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=950.835,953.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at least make that one consideration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=953.27,956.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, when people, typically economists, epidemiologists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=956.71,961.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some statisticians, some engineers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=962.26,964.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they typically do probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=964.9,968.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"usually what they do is three sorts of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=968.13,971.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, they identify a risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=971.91,974.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"usually using epidemiological methods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=974.58,977.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They might notice, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=977.52,979.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people in a particular industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=979.043,981.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to have a certain type of death","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=981.41,984.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a certain type of cancer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=984.02,986.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the second stage of risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=986.4,989.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"typically what people do is two things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=989.327,992.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in estimating the risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=992.42,994.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They try to get what we call the dose response curve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=994.48,997.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They try and figure out through animal studies, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=997.85,1001.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given a certain level of exposure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1001.69,1004.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what level of injuries or fatalities will result?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1004.29,1009.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for every hazard that is known,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1009.15,1012.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we try to come up with a dose response curve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1012.46,1015.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that tells us, given X level of exposure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1015.18,1018.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to have Y level of response","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1018.7,1021.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of injuries or fatalities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1021.81,1023.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They also try to figure out what the population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1023.93,1026.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who the population is, that is at risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1026.8,1029.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a particular exposure to a hazardous substance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1029.31,1032.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, they attempt to evaluate, in this third stage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1032.427,1037.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where usually the work of economists comes in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1037.11,1040.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they try to evaluate, given a world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1040.65,1043.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which there are thousands of risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1043.81,1046.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which risks we should spend taxpayer money to control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1046.38,1051.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, and they do this often through methods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1051.23,1053.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of benefit-cost analysis, by using things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1053.94,1057.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like that risk-benefit curve that I just showed you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1057.04,1060.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many benefits you get from this particular risk?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1060.07,1062.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's the probability of fatality?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1062.89,1065.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the magnitude of this task might not be clear to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1065.24,1069.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until you began to think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1069.45,1070.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just about chemicals in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1070.75,1073.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every year in manufacturing processes alone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1073.67,1077.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not including agriculture, just manufacturing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1077.34,1080.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every year we use 60,000 chemicals in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1080.96,1085.406"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Roughly 10,000 of those chemicals are new each year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1085.406,1089.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And most of them have not been tested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1089.55,1092.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using sophisticated epidemiological methods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1092.34,1095.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a massive problem of what risk to control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1095.37,1100.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's a massive problem of trying to determine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1100.06,1103.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what level of risk is acceptable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1103.69,1105.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you hear the number 60,000,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1105.36,1107.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pretty soon you can figure out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1107.76,1109.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why 90% of us who die of cancer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1109.73,1113.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are probably dying from preventable cancers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1113.5,1116.178"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are environmentally induced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1116.178,1119.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, well that's sort of overview of risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1119.15,1124.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just quickly tell you a little bit about each stage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1124.33,1127.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is what people do in the identification stage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1127.7,1130.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the epidemiologist can figure out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1130.69,1132.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what things cause us harm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1132.58,1134.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They use case clusters, they compare compounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1134.35,1136.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"via structural toxicology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1136.92,1138.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They look at the chemical properties, for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1138.93,1142.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and assume that if something is a carcinogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1142.33,1145.349"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has roughly the same structure as another chemical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1145.349,1147.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then likely the other chemical is a carcinogen, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1147.437,1150.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They perform mutagenicity essays, in other words, assays,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1150.36,1154.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they to determine what the genetic effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1154.33,1156.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of particular chemicals will be, chemicals for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1156.94,1161.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They use long-term animal bioassays","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1162.2,1164.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they extrapolate on the basis of animal experiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1164.357,1167.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what happens with humans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1167.49,1168.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another thing they do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1168.723,1170.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is use biostatistical epidemiological surveys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1170.25,1173.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They look at a population of human beings who are exposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1173.94,1176.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they try to figure out what's happening to them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1176.96,1179.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and why it's happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1179.1,1181.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the second stage, risk estimation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1181.32,1184.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this again is where people tend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1184.06,1185.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get a dose response curve,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1185.19,1187.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they tend to figure out the population of risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1187.67,1190.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they tend to estimate the dose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1190.281,1191.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's received by the population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1191.7,1193.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the third stage, the main,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1195.01,1197.416"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the third stage, risk evaluation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1197.416,1200.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we decide which risks we want to regulate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1200.21,1203.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which ones we want to control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1203.25,1205.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we attempt to do primarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1205.16,1207.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is use methods of economic efficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1207.91,1211.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second two methods have to do with psychometric surveys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1211.05,1215.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We simply look at what people's preferences are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1215.69,1218.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either as they've revealed them in the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1218.07,1220.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or as they express them in the present,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1220.61,1223.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through any survey mechanism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1223.22,1225.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fourth technique of evaluating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1226.69,1229.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which risks are acceptable and which are unacceptable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1229.33,1232.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the so-called method of natural standards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1232.45,1234.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that method, in a nutshell, is simply to assume","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1234.46,1239.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that if the pollution or the harm that is caused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1240.52,1245.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a particular substance, chemical, or whatever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1245.15,1248.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"causes fatalities that are of the same order of magnitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1248.7,1253.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we believed existed in the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1253.1,1255.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we can go on contributing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1255.49,1258.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that order of magnitude of fatalities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1258.69,1262.138"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, they look at the natural background level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1262.138,1265.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some pollutant, take radiation for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1265.76,1269.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of us are exposed to about 170 millirems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1269.16,1271.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of radiation every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1271.33,1272.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What they typically say is industry or anyone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1274.78,1278.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can contribute roughly that order of magnitude of pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1278.53,1283.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, because it will cause roughly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1284.03,1287.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same number of fatalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1287.55,1289.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are already being induced naturally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1289.5,1292.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay? So they assume ethically that what is natural is okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1292.99,1297.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as long as what we do to ourselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1299.39,1302.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is on the same level as what nature does to us, we're okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1302.22,1307.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Philosopher G.E. Moore wrote a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1307.76,1310.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what was wrong with arguments like that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1310.26,1312.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm not going to go into that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1312.963,1315.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at least you can see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1315.48,1317.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all of those methods have some obvious problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1317.28,1320.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this is the traffic example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1321.8,1324.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I talked to you about before,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1324.28,1326.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the cost per fatality (indistinct),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1326.56,1328.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this gives one of the best reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1329.425,1331.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for using some method of risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1331.23,1334.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Namely, you can save a lot more lives more cheaply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1334.23,1338.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you have at least some data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1338.63,1340.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the economic efficiency that's associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1340.78,1345.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with using particular techniques of controlling risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1345.01,1348.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see up there that mandatory seatbelt usage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1348.68,1352.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a very inexpensive way to save lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1352.42,1357.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see down here that driver improvement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1357.63,1360.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a very inexpensive, is a very inefficient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1360.61,1364.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very expensive way to attempt to save lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1364.09,1367.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what I'd like to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1369.51,1371.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is talk about some of the things that are wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1371.74,1374.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with probabilistic risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1374.61,1378.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously I've given you the overview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1378.15,1380.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for why we need risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1380.1,1382.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we have roughly 100,000 dangerous things in our lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1382.32,1387.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"chemicals, other substances,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1388.01,1390.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"dangers to which we are exposed day in and day out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1390.27,1393.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if those things threaten our welfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1393.53,1396.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our very continued existence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1396.28,1398.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then obviously we need some techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1398.69,1401.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for figuring out how we're going to regulate those risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1401.03,1404.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Otherwise, we're going to be subject simply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1404.284,1407.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the uncertainties of the political process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1407.0,1410.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and whatever lobbyist or industry has the most money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1410.51,1413.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have impose these risks on us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1413.69,1415.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So obviously we need some form, it seems to me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1415.51,1419.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of probabilistic or analytic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1419.3,1421.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there are too many risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1421.59,1422.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we can't deal with them all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1422.797,1424.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through some kind of populist method of voting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1424.5,1427.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what we want and what we don't want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1427.432,1429.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a highly complex area of technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1429.92,1432.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the difficulty with probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1432.82,1436.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there are a number of typical flaws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1436.08,1438.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what I'm going to do very, very quickly tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1438.21,1442.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is talk about some of the reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1442.12,1444.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why I think we still face large risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1444.06,1447.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk about some of the reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1447.5,1448.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why our cancer rate is still going up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1448.74,1452.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk about some of the reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1452.96,1454.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1454.25,1456.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has failed to protect us adequately,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1456.37,1459.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though we began using it roughly in the 1950s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1459.48,1463.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with each of those flaws","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1463.327,1464.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1464.91,1467.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unlike some philosophers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1467.0,1468.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to try to suggest some solutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1468.69,1470.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I think philosophy has to be practical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1470.96,1474.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're going to talk about real world problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1474.17,1477.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, one of the difficulties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1477.48,1479.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1479.92,1483.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that assessors are often wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1483.21,1486.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the scientific models that they use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1486.83,1489.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a picture of a nuclear waste dump","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1489.35,1491.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I talked about this afternoon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1491.67,1493.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a dump in Kentucky, it's called Maxey Flats.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1493.749,1496.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who predicted how long it would take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1496.6,1500.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the radionuclides in this dump to migrate off site,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1500.27,1505.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was a lot of plutonium there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1505.4,1507.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there still is a lot of plutonium there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1507.1,1509.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who predicted how long it would take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1509.27,1511.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those radionuclides to migrate off site","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1511.62,1514.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were wrong in their predictions by six orders of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1514.53,1519.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a big mistake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1520.894,1522.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six orders of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1522.57,1524.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probabilistic risk assessments typically vary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1524.5,1529.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anywhere from three to six orders of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1530.96,1534.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, if you pull in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1534.37,1536.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple of hundred probabilistic risk assessors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1536.33,1539.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"epidemiologists, economists, statisticians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1539.133,1542.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their answers about what a given risk are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1542.18,1545.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the uncertainties in the modeling,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1546.54,1548.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will typically vary among themselves, okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1548.72,1553.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by three to six orders of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1553.43,1556.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So here we have massive risks and massive uncertainties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1556.45,1560.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay? So that is one fundamental problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1561.99,1564.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another difficulty is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1564.933,1567.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only that the predictions are wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1567.56,1569.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they were at Maxey Flats, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1569.78,1572.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not only that risk assessors contradict each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1572.8,1577.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This slide indicates one of those contradictions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1577.92,1580.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In California, near where I used to live,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1580.79,1582.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a huge liquified natural gas facility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1582.877,1586.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a very dangerous installation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1586.0,1588.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because at certain percentages of concentrations in the air,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1588.04,1591.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that liquified natural gas is explosive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1591.46,1593.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you have stuff in the air that explodes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1593.62,1597.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when people tried to estimate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1597.28,1599.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they tried to estimate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1601.59,1603.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the average annual probability of fatality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1603.077,1605.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with living near a liquified natural gas facility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1605.2,1608.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in coastal California, those predictions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1608.393,1612.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at similar facilities throughout the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1612.96,1615.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using similar technology, varied by a factor of 100 million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1615.03,1620.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what this should tell you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1620.49,1621.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the typical orders of uncertainty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1621.86,1626.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in probabilistic risk assessment are very great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1627.56,1630.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's perhaps one of the first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1630.45,1632.424"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most monumental problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1632.424,1635.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The actual studies contradict each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1635.45,1638.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So our first problem is that the experts are often wrong,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1638.89,1642.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the technical analyses are poor, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1642.97,1646.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a big problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1646.48,1648.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second difficulty in probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1648.37,1651.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I believe is, continues to be life-threatening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1651.82,1654.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that risk assessors don't pay attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1654.68,1657.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what I call methodological value judgments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1657.56,1661.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something that philosophers of science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1661.65,1663.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people who do epistemology worry about all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1663.54,1668.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to give you some examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1668.41,1670.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the way they don't pay attention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1670.19,1672.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to methodological value judgements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1672.58,1676.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that render their conclusions highly uncertain or wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1676.02,1681.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A third thing that they do is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1681.21,1683.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they use questionable decision theoretic rules,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1683.51,1686.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if they use the correct data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1686.91,1689.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's so much variation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1689.43,1691.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the rules that they use to interpret the data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1691.96,1695.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rules out of decision theory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1695.64,1697.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how many of you know what decision theory is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1697.769,1700.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'll try quickly to give an example of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1700.32,1704.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A fourth problem with probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1704.93,1708.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably I should spend the most time talking about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1708.587,1711.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that people fail to take account","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1711.06,1713.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of ethical dilemmas that are generated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1713.83,1717.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1717.33,1719.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the people who most frequently die as a consequence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1719.39,1722.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of societal hazards are the people who,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1722.55,1725.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for centuries, in virtually any society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1725.5,1728.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been the very folks who've been disenfranchised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1728.73,1732.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hurt in a variety of other ways, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1732.21,1736.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there are a number of ethical difficulties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1736.22,1739.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quickly let me go through some of these difficulties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1739.27,1743.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I'll spend some time talking about the fourth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1743.407,1747.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the first three in my examples up there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1747.05,1749.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be too technical to interest some of you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1749.583,1753.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just give you this quick example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1754.52,1756.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a quick and dirty, crude example that shows you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1756.96,1761.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why it's so difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1761.21,1763.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do an accurate probabilistic risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1763.05,1766.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This shows you in a very, very crude way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1766.29,1769.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's going on in the radiation case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1769.44,1772.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Typically what happens is you have a data point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1772.36,1775.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you know how much radiation was released,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1775.67,1778.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say Hiroshima, or Chernobyl, or Three Mile Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1778.47,1783.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In truth, we're not too sure about Three Mile Island","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1783.12,1785.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't want to go into all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1785.25,1787.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But say we have a data point at Hiroshima","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1787.9,1790.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we know how much radiation was released,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1790.56,1793.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have some idea of the injuries and fatalities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1793.377,1797.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that resulted at that dose of radiation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1797.0,1801.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The difficulty is that lower, at lower levels of exposure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1801.95,1806.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're really not sure what the curve looks like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1806.14,1808.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, this is a gross oversimplification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1808.64,1811.489"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there are 30 or 40 competing curves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1811.489,1814.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in a nutshell, the industry people will typically say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1814.34,1818.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Oh, you know, you don't really get any deaths or injuries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1818.607,1821.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until you have a really high risk, there's a threshold.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1821.98,1825.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a threshold for risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1825.74,1827.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you don't see those fatalities occurring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1827.41,1831.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until you get up to a really high threshold.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1831.26,1833.755"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, you don't do experiments on human beings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1833.755,1836.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you can't settle these arguments!","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1836.29,1838.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Typically environmentalists will use a curve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1838.58,1841.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that looks something like this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1841.74,1843.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say, \"Ah, don't be misled by the dose response curve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1843.47,1848.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we pull out of Hiroshima, really at lower levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1849.89,1853.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's lots of evidence that all things being equal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1853.38,1856.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the low-level exposures are even worse.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1856.53,1859.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. And then typically this is true of most disputes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1859.01,1863.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over toxic substances or hazardous substances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1863.29,1865.986"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or any sort of societal risk that we face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1865.986,1869.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Typically the professional associations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1869.16,1871.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will end up somewhere in between","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1871.49,1873.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the industry people say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1873.76,1874.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what the environmentalists say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1874.66,1876.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And short of experiments on humans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1876.81,1879.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's virtually no way to resolve the dispute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1879.15,1882.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay? So even using conservative dose response curves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1882.637,1887.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"typically the ones of the professional associations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1887.57,1889.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are the same ones that the government uses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1889.95,1892.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can still say 90% of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1892.41,1894.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will die of occupationally induced cancers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1894.73,1897.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"environmentally induced cancers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1897.26,1899.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's still a lot of uncertainty in the data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1899.15,1904.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that gives you some idea in a very graphic way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1904.21,1908.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of why we get into a lot of problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1908.72,1910.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with probabilistic risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1910.98,1913.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, with that sort of crude example done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1913.51,1916.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me give you some idea of the ethical difficulties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1916.56,1920.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we face in probabilistic risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1920.73,1923.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't like to say there's a good guy on one side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1923.93,1927.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're the bad guys on the other side.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1927.27,1928.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I prefer to say there are a lot of ethical dilemmas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1928.92,1932.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these dilemmas, in many ways, are unsolvable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1932.96,1937.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm not sure that it always helps to think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1938.14,1940.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the good guys and the bad guys","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1940.07,1943.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because often the very people who want pollution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1943.95,1947.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the very people who want the jobs or the money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1947.85,1950.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the whatever associated with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1950.14,1951.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can't always rely on the people themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1951.677,1955.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to lower their levels of pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1955.01,1957.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's not a simple problem of the people versus industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1957.05,1960.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If life were that simple, our problems would be easier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1960.41,1963.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Rather I think, many of the ethical problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1963.4,1966.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I'm going to focus on tonight are really dilemmas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1966.21,1968.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not in a logical sense, but in the sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1968.99,1971.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are no easy solutions like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1971.61,1974.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tell industry to stop polluting, something like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1974.93,1977.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The solutions just aren't that easy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1977.94,1980.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One big dilemma is what I call the consent dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1980.255,1984.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1985.346,1986.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we've never dealt with as a society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1986.71,1989.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we in the United States have more of a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1989.36,1992.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this particular ethical area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1992.11,1994.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than probably almost any other nation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1994.3,1997.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except perhaps developing nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1997.1,1999.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The consent dilemma is this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=1999.407,2002.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We say, presumably, that we're allowed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2003.1,2006.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to impose a risk on another person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2006.01,2008.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only after that other person gives consent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2008.34,2010.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you go to your doctor and your doctor experiments on you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2010.81,2013.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without your consent, you would all say that's wrong, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2013.9,2017.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So presumably you only take on a risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2017.94,2021.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after you have consented to that risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2021.89,2024.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's a belief about which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2024.913,2027.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's virtually no controversy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2027.38,2029.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Imposition of risk is legitimate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2029.57,2032.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only after consent is obtained from the affected parties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2032.362,2036.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People don't have a right to do something to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2036.78,2039.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for their own gain without getting your consent first","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2039.03,2042.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if what they're doing is threatening you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2042.55,2045.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay. Now, presumably we all believe that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2045.53,2048.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the difficulty with probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2048.98,2052.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that typically the people who are genuinely able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2052.01,2056.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give free informed consent to a risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2056.57,2060.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are precisely those who are unlikely to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2062.21,2066.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you an example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2066.85,2069.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who do you think are the people who work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2069.1,2071.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in very, very dangerous industries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2071.63,2074.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sloshing around vinyl chloride for BF Goodrich,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2074.58,2078.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making pesticides for Dow or Monsanto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2078.54,2082.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who do you think are the people who do that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2082.74,2084.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sociologically speaking, they're people who are uneducated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2084.93,2089.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're people who have no other job opportunities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2089.68,2092.559"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so their freedom to get another job is lacking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2092.559,2096.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So already they don't have much information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2096.04,2098.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't have much freedom to get another job.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2098.87,2102.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they could get another job","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2102.31,2103.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they knew what the risks were,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2103.89,2105.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they wouldn't be working there in the first place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2105.61,2108.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sociologists and economists have both established","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2108.267,2111.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that as education goes up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2111.38,2112.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as job mobility and training go up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2113.96,2116.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"risky occupations go down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2117.33,2120.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the only people capable of giving genuinely free,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2120.64,2125.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"informed consent to a risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2126.92,2129.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-educated, free, occupationally-mobile people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2129.31,2134.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are precisely the people who don't consent to the risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2134.35,2137.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet the very people in our society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2137.49,2139.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who take most of the risk, the worst risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2139.3,2142.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are precisely the people who in principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2142.26,2145.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cannot give free, informed consent to the risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2145.88,2149.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2149.507,2151.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those who can ethically take on the risk don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2151.74,2156.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the very ones who are unable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2156.683,2160.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of ethical conditions, okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2160.06,2163.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to accept the risk are precisely the ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2163.32,2166.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who bear it in this society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2166.03,2168.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you can see that most graphically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2168.16,2170.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of occupational risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2170.4,2171.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you can also see it in terms of areas of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2171.867,2175.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Think of any depressed area of the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2175.52,2177.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and think for a few moments about what area of the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2177.827,2180.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is likely to accept a toxic waste dump,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2180.81,2183.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or where in the community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2183.78,2185.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do people usually put the city dumps?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2185.32,2187.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do they put them in the high-rent district?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2187.66,2189.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hm? No, you better believe they don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2190.86,2193.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't put any noxious societal facilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2193.93,2198.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where people have money, power, or education.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2198.13,2201.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you typically find hazardous, dangerous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2201.39,2204.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or undesirable facilities being sited, S I T E D,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2204.75,2209.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sited in precisely the area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2210.01,2212.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the people don't know what's going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2213.78,2215.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably don't ever give free, informed consent to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2215.327,2218.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, you've got the dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2218.49,2220.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people able to give consent don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2220.83,2223.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who are unable to give consent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2223.51,2226.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the ones that we say give it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2226.27,2228.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this goes back, this doctrine of the consent dilemma","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2228.74,2233.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been sort of pushed aside in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2233.42,2237.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And our worries about consent have been pushed aside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2237.07,2239.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we all have subscribed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2239.95,2242.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the neoclassical economic paradigm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2242.36,2244.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Following Adam Smith, we all believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2244.84,2248.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people who are in risky occupations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2248.02,2250.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just to use this example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2250.86,2252.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who are in risky occupations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2252.08,2254.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can accept those risky jobs because there is what we call,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2255.77,2260.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these are Adam Smith's words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2260.42,2262.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a compensating wage differential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2262.06,2264.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All things being equal, if you're a coal miner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2264.58,2267.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have the same level with somebody else,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2267.52,2269.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, who just pushes a broom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2269.61,2271.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to make more money as a coal miner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2271.32,2273.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there's an increment or an increase in your wages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2273.53,2277.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the risk that you bear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2277.31,2278.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Adam Smith claimed that there was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2278.74,2281.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a compensating wage differential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2281.39,2283.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was the reason why you could justify","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2283.89,2287.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the additional risk that's imposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2287.17,2289.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on certain members of the workforce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2289.94,2292.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and imposed on certain segments of our society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2292.03,2295.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The compensating wage is a compensation for lack of consent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2295.4,2300.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the increased mortality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2300.457,2303.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what's interesting about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2303.16,2306.571"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that if you look at the economic data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2306.571,2309.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll see the risk premium there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2309.85,2312.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, for every increment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2312.16,2314.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your average annual probability of fatality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2314.08,2316.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for every increase of one in 1,000 that you're going to die","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2316.707,2320.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a consequence of this occupation, this is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2320.64,2324.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in current dollars, the way your salary goes up. Okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2324.8,2329.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for every increment in risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2332.488,2334.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say in neoclassical economics, okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2334.563,2338.089"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every increment in risk, your salary goes up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2338.089,2340.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's the way they get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2340.52,2341.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the compensating wage differential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2341.63,2343.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A similar thing happens in a locale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2343.3,2345.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you have a poor community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2345.647,2346.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that takes a toxic waste dump, they claim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2346.78,2349.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that community receives certain economic benefits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2349.383,2352.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"jobs or whatever, and that compensates them for their risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2352.98,2357.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what's especially poignant about this consent dilemma","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2357.53,2361.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the ethical ramifications of it are once you take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2361.933,2366.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the so-called compensating wage differential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2366.88,2369.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you start looking at economists' studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2369.127,2372.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just as a philosopher of science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2372.24,2374.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at their methods, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2374.17,2376.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once you start looking at the so-called","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2376.56,2380.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compensating wage differential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2380.48,2382.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you disaggregate the data, what you discover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2382.38,2386.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there's one whole segment of society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2386.06,2390.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that does make more money for the risks that they bear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2390.25,2394.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those people are white, male,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2394.03,2398.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unionized and highly educated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2398.64,2401.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the curve at the top,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2402.94,2404.391"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people in the so-called primary segment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2404.391,2407.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you disaggregate the white, male, unionized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2407.29,2411.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well-educated people, and you see, sure enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2411.81,2413.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a compensating wage differential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2413.75,2416.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, you see the people at the bottom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2416.32,2419.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people in that secondary segment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2419.053,2420.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which tend to be black or minority, female,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2420.87,2424.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"non-unionized, and not well-educated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2424.84,2427.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there is no compensating wage differential.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2427.92,2431.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what's the upshot?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2431.21,2432.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a very clear consent dilemma","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2432.72,2435.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the way we distribute our societal risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2435.45,2439.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and neither Adam Smith or his descendants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2439.64,2441.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in neoclassical economics can tell us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2441.88,2445.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that currently we compensate for that ethical deficiency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2445.63,2450.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because when you see the way the data is disaggregated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2450.29,2452.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we really don't compensate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2452.775,2455.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me move to another dilemma,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2455.13,2457.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the so-called contributors dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2457.81,2461.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This dilemma occurs because all of us are subject,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2461.58,2465.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"day in and day out, to numerous small risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2465.21,2468.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundreds of thousands of numerous small risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2468.7,2473.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the government sets pollution control standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2473.41,2476.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and regulates hazards, and says that, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2476.05,2480.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"below a certain level, we don't worry about hazards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2480.853,2483.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a reasonable thing to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2483.68,2486.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the difficulty is, at least in the case of carcinogens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2486.23,2490.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the aggregate of all those risks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2490.22,2493.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each of which is alleged to be harmless because it's small,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2493.87,2498.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the aggregate, when combined synergistically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2499.21,2503.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, or cumulatively, the aggregate is harmful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2503.45,2507.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's where those 90% of people dying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2507.47,2510.171"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from environmentally induced cancers come from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2510.171,2512.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, you may breathe a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2512.98,2515.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of automobile exhaust, a little bit of pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2515.88,2519.075"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may have a little bit of chlorine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2519.075,2520.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your drinking water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2520.55,2521.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You shove together all those kinds of things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2521.73,2524.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and together they constitute an extreme health hazard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2524.227,2527.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although seemingly they might not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2527.33,2529.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So how do we get around the dilemma, okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2529.19,2533.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we need to say certain small risks are acceptable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2533.41,2536.882"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we don't live in a zero-risk society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2536.882,2538.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, the aggregate of those numerous small risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2538.88,2543.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is clearly not acceptable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2543.36,2546.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do we do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2546.05,2547.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see the problem if you think of this example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2547.37,2550.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Glover, Jonathan Glover, an Oxford philosopher gave","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2550.85,2554.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one of his books.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2554.88,2557.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, he didn't use it for this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2557.39,2559.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm using his example for this case but the example fits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2559.4,2562.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It's as if,\" he said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2562.207,2566.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"you're given two separate situations.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2566.727,2571.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are the situations that I'd like to use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2571.14,2575.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to illustrate you contributors dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2575.62,2577.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Suppose, said Glover, that you have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2577.7,2580.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a tribe of 100 armed bandits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2580.19,2582.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They attack a village of 100 unarmed tribesmen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2582.59,2587.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And each of the bandits takes a lunch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2589.65,2592.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from each of the 100 unarmed tribesmen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2592.78,2596.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you'd say that's clearly morally wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2596.31,2598.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The bandits have stolen the lunches,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2598.83,2600.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's wrong to steal people's lunches","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2600.91,2602.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's obviously wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2602.9,2605.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what happens in the second situation of Glover's example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2605.02,2608.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what I think is like what happens in our situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2608.18,2611.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with risk in our society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2611.59,2613.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have the hundred armed bandits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2614.56,2616.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They come into the village","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2616.92,2618.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there are 100 unarmed tribesmen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2618.96,2621.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And instead of one bandit each taking one lunch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2621.56,2626.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead, they get in a big line, like a receiving line","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2626.78,2630.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a wedding or something, they get in a big line.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2630.14,2633.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And each one of the bandits takes, say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2633.68,2636.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one bean out of a bowl that contains 100 baked beans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2636.39,2641.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And each unarmed villager has a bowl","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2641.03,2645.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that contains 100 baked beans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2645.03,2646.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they go through the line and each bandit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2647.54,2649.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just takes one baked bean out of each of 100 bowls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2649.233,2653.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The net effect is the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2653.0,2654.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The villagers don't have any lunch, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2654.49,2657.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's very difficult to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2657.23,2658.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's wrong to take one baked bean from somebody, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2658.687,2662.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's exactly the situation that we face","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2662.96,2665.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with respect to the contributors dilemma,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2665.41,2666.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in it's not clear that we're regulating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2666.8,2669.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or taking care of this in any sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2669.7,2671.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me move quickly then to the third dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2673.1,2675.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is probably one of the most problematic of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2675.85,2679.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of the dilemmas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2679.28,2681.419"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the one that's most difficult to solve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2681.419,2683.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2683.81,2684.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously we have to declare some threshold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2686.02,2689.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the acceptability of a risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2689.05,2691.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we can't live in society at all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2691.2,2694.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even a low-tech, soft technology society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2694.33,2698.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without some level of risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2698.51,2700.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So obviously we have to declare some level of risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2700.33,2703.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we say is acceptable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2703.79,2705.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we say we're just gonna put up with, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2705.023,2709.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the difficulty is once we declare some level of risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2709.37,2714.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as acceptable, and in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2714.07,2716.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that level of risk is 10 to the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2716.38,2718.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the average annual probability, 10 to the negative six.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2718.2,2721.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the, whatever an activity is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2721.24,2725.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"must contribute less than 10 to the negative six","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2725.65,2729.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to your average annual probability of fatality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2729.85,2732.458"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, whatever the activity is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2732.458,2734.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driving your car, living next to a dam,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2734.653,2737.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever, whatever the activity is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2738.95,2741.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it must contribute less than a one in a mill--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=2741.77,2746.38"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28290/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/290/original/AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_a.vtt?1622659465","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/290/original/AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_a.vtt?1622659465"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28291","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324/transcript/28291/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- If I were home, my students would be at talks too, for extra credit, so anyways. Let's hope this is, you enjoy this. I think you will. Anyway, well what I'm going to talk about, since you apparently have a sizeable number of folks who are interested in areas of science and technology, is something called quantitative or probabilistic risk assessment. It's a technique that's been widely used in the United States, but also in some of the more developed countries like the Netherlands and Germany, for example. And it's a technique that has been mandated by the Congress ever since the 1982 Risk Assessment Research and Demonstration Act. That's the way we make our decisions about what sorts of risks we as a society are going to accept from nuclear power plants to liquified natural gas facilities to toxic waste dumps, or whatever. And what I'd like to do to get you to begin thinking about technological risk assessment is to suggest something to you about the statistics. Probably most of you don't know that the US Office of Technology Assessment, again, a government group, not the Sierra Club or not the local wing of the Socialist Party or something, but the US Office of Technology Assessment estimates that probably 90% of cancers are environmentally induced and theoretically preventable. That's an incredible statistic. Roughly 29% of those cancers come from cigarette smoking. I'd like to say that because I've seen a lot of smoker around here. Anyway, I don't see it as many smokers in Florida, course they're over 70, but most of those cancers are environmentally induced and theoretically preventable. So if you look around the room, what you should do is think that roughly one in three of you is gonna die of cancer, premature cancers. And you know from what's up there that cancer is a leading cause of death of young people, it's not just something that's associated with the aging process. So we are literally killing ourselves. And what I find amazing about some of the ways that we're killing ourselves is that there are 15,000 murders every year in the United States. There are many more deaths that the government estimates are caused by air pollution, many more deaths caused by cancer. And yet we don't call those deaths murder, do we? And yet 90% of the cancers, we think, are environmentally induced and theoretically preventable. So that suggests to me that we need to think perhaps in some new ways about what we're doing to ourselves and how we define what we call technological risk, maybe how we define even things that, that we might call, that we might call murder. Now, you all, when you hear the term probabilistic or quantitative risk assessment, you probably think of the area in which quantitative or probabilistic risk assessment arose. It began to be done in the 1950s when various countries went into nuclear generation of electricity. And the problem was that countries could not find adequate liability insurance when they went into nuclear generation of electricity. So the government did quantitative risk assessments in order to determine just how risky nuclear energy was. And that's the way the technique got its start. I'll tell you in a few minutes what things are included in the process known as probabilistic or quantitative risk assessment. But most of it got its start in an attempt of the government, mainly the US government to figure out exactly what the risks were of nuclear generation of electricity. Because in 1955, before the first nuclear plant was online in the United States, every company in the United States concerned with or working with nuclear energy refused to go into commercial generation of nuclear electricity because the company said it would be too risky. The accidents could be catastrophic and too many people could die, the companies would never survive. They'd go bankrupt in the event of an accident. So the government began doing probabilistic risk assessment and developing techniques for measuring different societal risks. This particular slide, as the bottom of it shows, there's a slide of Chernobyl. This is one of our more celebrated technological risks. The people that have probably died or will die within the next 30 years as a consequence of Chernobyl probably will number about 40 to 50,000. That simply gives you the dose response curves, that is the, what we know about the amount of radiation that was emitted. And then using our standard tables used by the National Academy of Sciences to estimate how many deaths will come from that level of radiation exposure. We've had a number of other technological catastrophes in addition to nuclear power. But I use the nuclear case simply because the failures of nuclear power are so dramatic. The US government itself says that if there were a catastrophic core melt, roughly 145,000 people would die, an area the size of Pennsylvania would be blacked out. Property damage alone would be about $17 billion. Now it's important to point out that the liability consequences, the health and medical losses expected to occur would be about three to four times that 17 billion and that the government guaranteed liability limit in order to protect the nuclear industry is roughly 1% of what the government says could be the total possible losses. So we have some serious problems. We have a technology, many dangerous technologies, but this one in particular, for example, has caused accidents or could cause accidents which, on the government's own admission, are not insurable. By US law, the Price-Anderson Act, roughly 99% of the losses, given a catastrophic nuclear accident, would be uninsurable. That is to protect the nuclear industry. We also have some problems with risk. And I'm going to give you just an overview of risks to try to interest you in some of these problems because I suspect that most of you didn't know that your losses would not be covered in the event of a catastrophic core melt. Our space program is also very, very risky. Anybody who's looked at any of the risk assessments that have to do with the whole NASA enterprise would never be surprised at the Challenger disaster. If you look at the failed launches and the successful launches, you'll see that the probability of failure, at least in terms of the actual frequency of failure, is very, very high. So who should have been surprised by a Challenger disaster? Not only these sort of exotic technologies, but virtually every worker in the United States, every blue collar worker in the United States, is exposed to workplace risk. And I have lots of tables on the sorts of workers in particular occupations and the sorts of cancers that are associated with their workloads but I didn't want to bore you by showing them all of them to you. You're in an area of very high pesticide use. And I can tell you that there are a lot of pesticide-induced cancers. That may be one of the worst hazards in Iowa. So all of us, all of us, it's safe to say, are exposed to hundreds, perhaps thousands of risks in our daily life. And we have to come up with a decision about what risks we're going to accept, how we're going to distribute those risks, who's going to pay for the cost of reducing those risks. And that's a serious health problem, again. That's why I gave you the numbers at the beginning on murders. So I submit to you that the problem of how we manage technological risk is no less serious a problem than how we handle murder, and the US is the murder capital of the world. So that should give you some idea of how serious our problems are with technological risk assessment. We're talking roughly about, in the ballpark of half a million cancers a year, half a million cancer deaths, with 90% of them environmentally induced. So you see that's an order of magnitude greater than murders, but you don't hear people yelling about environmentally induced cancers as much as you hear people yelling about murder. Well, with that sort of background, If I haven't scared you enough or worried you enough or caused you to say that you're not going to smoke any longer, or stay downwind when people are spraying pesticides or whatever, then listen for a few moments because that's what I'd like to convince you to do. Let me tell you a little bit about risk, though. Risk is a philosophical topic because it has to do with an ethical issue, how great a threat to our welfare is too great? The way people define risk, however, is not explicitly ethical. This is the way that government risk assessors typically define risk: compound measure of perceived probability and the magnitude of adverse effect. So in other words, somebody would say, \"Well, you know, I spray Roundup to get rid of weeds. What is the increment, or the increase in my average annual probability of fatality as a result of my spraying Roundup?\" Now the government's goal is to assess all the risks with which we as a society are faced, particularly the risks that we don't choose ourselves, risks from societal factors that are difficult to avoid, and then figure out what risks to control on the basis of what their probability is and how many fatalities or deaths they likely cause. So typically, risk assessors will talk in terms of the average annual probability of fatality. So every day you're exposed to hundreds of factors, every one of which contributes to your average annual probability of fatality. Now, one reason why risk assessment is important, again, is if the government is going to spend money to reduce risk, presumably it makes sense to reduce the most serious, or the highest probability risks, first. At least if you're a proponent of economic efficiency, that makes sense. Right now we spend about $5 million in pollution control for every steelworker's life that is saved, but there are many other areas of our healthcare, areas that have to do with the health of women and children, for example, in which we spend 10, 20 to $30,000 for regulations or health programs to save a particular life. So there's a real question of equity here. Once we know the probability of fatality associated with a particular risk, okay, then how do we decide when to impose pollution control regulations or when to attempt to save those lives? And as you might suspect, the lives that are most often saved are those of fat, middle-aged, wealthy males, surprise. And the sorts of things that bother them, there's a lot of research on heart disease, for example. People who tend to unionize have a lot of money spent on them. So this is one more area in which we need to talk about questions of ethics and social and political philosophy. Now, typically we say that a risk is worth taking if it gives us a lot of benefits, because most of our models for looking at when a risk is acceptable are straightforward models of neoclassical economics. So if we figure out how much money is spent in a particular risk, for instance, with respect to skiing. What's the total amount of money that American consumers spend on skiing per year? And then we write that down as the benefit. And this particular curve shows the risk as graphed against the particular benefit that comes from the number of activities. You'll see that handguns out up there cause a lot of risk to a lot of people, okay? They have a very high probability of doing a lot of damage and yet, they apparently contribute very little to our benefits in terms of economics, unless you have grounds, well economic ones, for doing in your neighbor with a handgun. Okay. But that gives some idea of one of the ways in which we like to look at risks. We rank them in order of probability of fatality or we rank them in order of benefits. Now you may say that it doesn't make sense to use probabilistic risk assessment, but it does in large part because if we don't use some form of analytic technique to figure out what our probably of fatality is and how much it costs us to save individual lives, then we'll spend money very inefficiently. Let me give you an example. One of the most effective ways of saving lives that are normally lost to automobile accidents, is the use of seat belts and airbags. What you pay per life lost is very, very cheap. One of the most inefficient ways to save lives that are normally lost through automobile accidents is through driver education, it's simply not effective. You know, we pour millions and millions and millions of dollars into driver ed, and there's substantially no difference between the people who have the benefit of driver ed and the people who don't, on the whole. I know that you get lower insurance rates if you've had driver ed when you're a teenager, but nevertheless the cost per life saved is astronomical compared to the cost of simply installing seat belts or airbags. So one of the reasons why we want to look at the most efficient ways of saving lives is that obviously we can save a lot more lives with the same dollar if we try to evaluate our risk in terms of probability of fatality and at least make that one consideration. Now, when people, typically economists, epidemiologists, some statisticians, some engineers, when they typically do probabilistic risk assessment, usually what they do is three sorts of things. First of all, they identify a risk, usually using epidemiological methods. They might notice, for example, that people in a particular industry tend to have a certain type of death or a certain type of cancer. At the second stage of risk assessment, typically what people do is two things in estimating the risk. They try to get what we call the dose response curve. They try and figure out through animal studies, for example, given a certain level of exposure, what level of injuries or fatalities will result? So for every hazard that is known, we try to come up with a dose response curve that tells us, given X level of exposure, you're going to have Y level of response in terms of injuries or fatalities. They also try to figure out what the population, who the population is, that is at risk from a particular exposure to a hazardous substance. Finally, they attempt to evaluate, in this third stage where usually the work of economists comes in, they try to evaluate, given a world in which there are thousands of risks, which risks we should spend taxpayer money to control. Okay, and they do this often through methods of benefit-cost analysis, by using things like that risk-benefit curve that I just showed you. How many benefits you get from this particular risk? What's the probability of fatality? Now the magnitude of this task might not be clear to you until you began to think just about chemicals in this country. Every year in manufacturing processes alone, not including agriculture, just manufacturing. Every year we use 60,000 chemicals in the United States. Roughly 10,000 of those chemicals are new each year. And most of them have not been tested using sophisticated epidemiological methods. So there's a massive problem of what risk to control, and there's a massive problem of trying to determine what level of risk is acceptable. When you hear the number 60,000, pretty soon you can figure out why 90% of us who die of cancer are probably dying from preventable cancers that are environmentally induced. Okay, well that's sort of overview of risk assessment. Let me just quickly tell you a little bit about each stage. This is what people do in the identification stage, if the epidemiologist can figure out what things cause us harm. They use case clusters, they compare compounds via structural toxicology. They look at the chemical properties, for example and assume that if something is a carcinogen and has roughly the same structure as another chemical, then likely the other chemical is a carcinogen, too. They perform mutagenicity essays, in other words, assays, they to determine what the genetic effects of particular chemicals will be, chemicals for example. They use long-term animal bioassays and they extrapolate on the basis of animal experiments to what happens with humans. Another thing they do is use biostatistical epidemiological surveys. They look at a population of human beings who are exposed and they try to figure out what's happening to them and why it's happening. At the second stage, risk estimation, this again is where people tend to get a dose response curve, they tend to figure out the population of risk, and they tend to estimate the dose that's received by the population. At the third stage, the main, the third stage, risk evaluation, where we decide which risks we want to regulate, which ones we want to control. What we attempt to do primarily is use methods of economic efficiency. The second two methods have to do with psychometric surveys. We simply look at what people's preferences are, either as they've revealed them in the past, or as they express them in the present, through any survey mechanism. The fourth technique of evaluating which risks are acceptable and which are unacceptable is the so-called method of natural standards. And that method, in a nutshell, is simply to assume that if the pollution or the harm that is caused by a particular substance, chemical, or whatever, causes fatalities that are of the same order of magnitude that we believed existed in the past, then we can go on contributing that order of magnitude of fatalities. In other words, they look at the natural background level of some pollutant, take radiation for example. All of us are exposed to about 170 millirems of radiation every year. What they typically say is industry or anyone can contribute roughly that order of magnitude of pollution. Okay, because it will cause roughly the same number of fatalities that are already being induced naturally. Okay? So they assume ethically that what is natural is okay, and as long as what we do to ourselves is on the same level as what nature does to us, we're okay. Philosopher G.E. Moore wrote a lot about what was wrong with arguments like that and I'm not going to go into that. But at least you can see that all of those methods have some obvious problems. Now, this is the traffic example that I talked to you about before, the cost per fatality , and this gives one of the best reasons for using some method of risk assessment. Namely, you can save a lot more lives more cheaply if you have at least some data about the economic efficiency that's associated with using particular techniques of controlling risk. You see up there that mandatory seatbelt usage is a very inexpensive way to save lives. You see down here that driver improvement is a very inexpensive, is a very inefficient, very expensive way to attempt to save lives. Now, what I'd like to do is talk about some of the things that are wrong with probabilistic risk assessment. Obviously I've given you the overview for why we need risk assessment. If we have roughly 100,000 dangerous things in our lives, chemicals, other substances, dangers to which we are exposed day in and day out, if those things threaten our welfare, our very continued existence, then obviously we need some techniques for figuring out how we're going to regulate those risks. Otherwise, we're going to be subject simply to the uncertainties of the political process and whatever lobbyist or industry has the most money to have impose these risks on us. So obviously we need some form, it seems to me, of probabilistic or analytic risk assessment because there are too many risks. And we can't deal with them all through some kind of populist method of voting on what we want and what we don't want. It's a highly complex area of technology. But the difficulty with probabilistic risk assessment is that there are a number of typical flaws, and what I'm going to do very, very quickly tonight, is talk about some of the reasons why I think we still face large risks. Talk about some of the reasons why our cancer rate is still going up. Talk about some of the reasons why probabilistic risk assessment has failed to protect us adequately, even though we began using it roughly in the 1950s. And with each of those flaws in probabilistic risk assessment, unlike some philosophers, I'm going to try to suggest some solutions, because I think philosophy has to be practical if you're going to talk about real world problems. Well, one of the difficulties with probabilistic risk assessment is that assessors are often wrong with the scientific models that they use. This is a picture of a nuclear waste dump that I talked about this afternoon. It's a dump in Kentucky, it's called Maxey Flats. The people who predicted how long it would take the radionuclides in this dump to migrate off site, and there was a lot of plutonium there, there still is a lot of plutonium there. The people who predicted how long it would take those radionuclides to migrate off site were wrong in their predictions by six orders of magnitude. That's a big mistake. Six orders of magnitude. Probabilistic risk assessments typically vary anywhere from three to six orders of magnitude. In other words, if you pull in a couple of hundred probabilistic risk assessors, epidemiologists, economists, statisticians, their answers about what a given risk are, because of the uncertainties in the modeling, will typically vary among themselves, okay, by three to six orders of magnitude. So here we have massive risks and massive uncertainties. Okay? So that is one fundamental problem. Another difficulty is, not only that the predictions are wrong as they were at Maxey Flats, okay? Not only that risk assessors contradict each other. This slide indicates one of those contradictions. In California, near where I used to live, there was a huge liquified natural gas facility. That's a very dangerous installation because at certain percentages of concentrations in the air, that liquified natural gas is explosive. So you have stuff in the air that explodes. And when people tried to estimate, when they tried to estimate the average annual probability of fatality associated with living near a liquified natural gas facility here in coastal California, those predictions, at similar facilities throughout the world using similar technology, varied by a factor of 100 million. Now, what this should tell you is that the typical orders of uncertainty in probabilistic risk assessment are very great. And that's perhaps one of the first and most monumental problems. The actual studies contradict each other. So our first problem is that the experts are often wrong, the technical analyses are poor, okay. That's a big problem. A second difficulty in probabilistic risk assessment that I believe is, continues to be life-threatening, is that risk assessors don't pay attention to what I call methodological value judgments, something that philosophers of science and people who do epistemology worry about all the time. I'm going to give you some examples of the way they don't pay attention to methodological value judgements that render their conclusions highly uncertain or wrong. A third thing that they do is, they use questionable decision theoretic rules, even if they use the correct data. There's so much variation in the rules that they use to interpret the data, the rules out of decision theory. I don't know how many of you know what decision theory is but I'll try quickly to give an example of that. A fourth problem with probabilistic risk assessment, and probably I should spend the most time talking about that is that people fail to take account of ethical dilemmas that are generated by probabilistic risk assessment, so that the people who most frequently die as a consequence of societal hazards are the people who, for centuries, in virtually any society, have been the very folks who've been disenfranchised and hurt in a variety of other ways, okay? So there are a number of ethical difficulties. Quickly let me go through some of these difficulties and then I'll spend some time talking about the fourth, because the first three in my examples up there might be too technical to interest some of you. Let me just give you this quick example. It's a quick and dirty, crude example that shows you why it's so difficult to do an accurate probabilistic risk assessment. This shows you in a very, very crude way what's going on in the radiation case. Typically what happens is you have a data point where you know how much radiation was released, say Hiroshima, or Chernobyl, or Three Mile Island. In truth, we're not too sure about Three Mile Island but I don't want to go into all that. But say we have a data point at Hiroshima and we know how much radiation was released, and we have some idea of the injuries and fatalities that resulted at that dose of radiation. The difficulty is that lower, at lower levels of exposure, we're really not sure what the curve looks like. And again, this is a gross oversimplification because there are 30 or 40 competing curves. But in a nutshell, the industry people will typically say, \"Oh, you know, you don't really get any deaths or injuries until you have a really high risk, there's a threshold. There's a threshold for risk and you don't see those fatalities occurring until you get up to a really high threshold.\" And of course, you don't do experiments on human beings so you can't settle these arguments! Typically environmentalists will use a curve that looks something like this and say, \"Ah, don't be misled by the dose response curve that we pull out of Hiroshima, really at lower levels there's lots of evidence that all things being equal, the low-level exposures are even worse.\" Okay. And then typically this is true of most disputes over toxic substances or hazardous substances or any sort of societal risk that we face. Typically the professional associations will end up somewhere in between what the industry people say and what the environmentalists say. And short of experiments on humans, there's virtually no way to resolve the dispute. Okay? So even using conservative dose response curves, typically the ones of the professional associations which are the same ones that the government uses, we can still say 90% of us will die of occupationally induced cancers, environmentally induced cancers, but there's still a lot of uncertainty in the data. So that gives you some idea in a very graphic way of why we get into a lot of problems with probabilistic risk assessment. Now, with that sort of crude example done, let me give you some idea of the ethical difficulties that we face in probabilistic risk assessment. I don't like to say there's a good guy on one side and they're the bad guys on the other side. I prefer to say there are a lot of ethical dilemmas. And these dilemmas, in many ways, are unsolvable. And I'm not sure that it always helps to think about the good guys and the bad guys because often the very people who want pollution are the very people who want the jobs or the money or the whatever associated with it. And you can't always rely on the people themselves to lower their levels of pollution. So it's not a simple problem of the people versus industry. If life were that simple, our problems would be easier. Rather I think, many of the ethical problems which I'm going to focus on tonight are really dilemmas, not in a logical sense, but in the sense that there are no easy solutions like, tell industry to stop polluting, something like that. The solutions just aren't that easy. One big dilemma is what I call the consent dilemma. And this is something that we've never dealt with as a society. And we in the United States have more of a problem in this particular ethical area than probably almost any other nation except perhaps developing nations. The consent dilemma is this. We say, presumably, that we're allowed to impose a risk on another person only after that other person gives consent. If you go to your doctor and your doctor experiments on you without your consent, you would all say that's wrong, right? So presumably you only take on a risk after you have consented to that risk. And that's a belief about which there's virtually no controversy. Imposition of risk is legitimate only after consent is obtained from the affected parties. People don't have a right to do something to you for their own gain without getting your consent first if what they're doing is threatening you. Okay. Now, presumably we all believe that. But the difficulty with probabilistic risk assessment is that typically the people who are genuinely able to give free informed consent to a risk are precisely those who are unlikely to do so. Let me give you an example. Who do you think are the people who work in very, very dangerous industries, sloshing around vinyl chloride for BF Goodrich, making pesticides for Dow or Monsanto? Who do you think are the people who do that? Sociologically speaking, they're people who are uneducated. They're people who have no other job opportunities so their freedom to get another job is lacking. So already they don't have much information. They don't have much freedom to get another job. If they could get another job and they knew what the risks were, they wouldn't be working there in the first place. Sociologists and economists have both established that as education goes up, and as job mobility and training go up, risky occupations go down. So the only people capable of giving genuinely free, informed consent to a risk, well-educated, free, occupationally-mobile people, are precisely the people who don't consent to the risk. And yet the very people in our society who take most of the risk, the worst risk, are precisely the people who in principle cannot give free, informed consent to the risk. That is a dilemma. Those who can ethically take on the risk don't and the very ones who are unable, in terms of ethical conditions, okay, to accept the risk are precisely the ones who bear it in this society. Now you can see that most graphically in terms of occupational risk but you can also see it in terms of areas of the country. Think of any depressed area of the country and think for a few moments about what area of the country is likely to accept a toxic waste dump, or where in the community do people usually put the city dumps? Do they put them in the high-rent district? Hm? No, you better believe they don't. They don't put any noxious societal facilities where people have money, power, or education. So you typically find hazardous, dangerous, or undesirable facilities being sited, S I T E D, sited in precisely the area where the people don't know what's going on and probably don't ever give free, informed consent to it. So again, you've got the dilemma. The people able to give consent don't. The people who are unable to give consent are the ones that we say give it. Now, this goes back, this doctrine of the consent dilemma has been sort of pushed aside in the United States. And our worries about consent have been pushed aside because we all have subscribed to the neoclassical economic paradigm. Following Adam Smith, we all believe that people who are in risky occupations, just to use this example, people who are in risky occupations can accept those risky jobs because there is what we call, and these are Adam Smith's words, a compensating wage differential. All things being equal, if you're a coal miner, and you have the same level with somebody else, you know, who just pushes a broom, you're going to make more money as a coal miner because there's an increment or an increase in your wages for the risk that you bear. Adam Smith claimed that there was a compensating wage differential. And that was the reason why you could justify the additional risk that's imposed on certain members of the workforce, and imposed on certain segments of our society. The compensating wage is a compensation for lack of consent and for the increased mortality. Now what's interesting about that is that if you look at the economic data, you'll see the risk premium there. In other words, for every increment in your average annual probability of fatality, for every increase of one in 1,000 that you're going to die as a consequence of this occupation, this is, in current dollars, the way your salary goes up. Okay? So for every increment in risk, say in neoclassical economics, okay, every increment in risk, your salary goes up and that's the way they get around the compensating wage differential. A similar thing happens in a locale. When you have a poor community that takes a toxic waste dump, they claim that that community receives certain economic benefits, jobs or whatever, and that compensates them for their risk. Now, what's especially poignant about this consent dilemma and the ethical ramifications of it are once you take the so-called compensating wage differential and you start looking at economists' studies, just as a philosopher of science looking at their methods, okay? Once you start looking at the so-called compensating wage differential and you disaggregate the data, what you discover is that there's one whole segment of society that does make more money for the risks that they bear. And those people are white, male, unionized and highly educated. That's the curve at the top, the people in the so-called primary segment. So you disaggregate the white, male, unionized, well-educated people, and you see, sure enough, there's a compensating wage differential. On the other hand, you see the people at the bottom, the people in that secondary segment, which tend to be black or minority, female, non-unionized, and not well-educated, and there is no compensating wage differential. So what's the upshot? There's a very clear consent dilemma in terms of the way we distribute our societal risk and neither Adam Smith or his descendants in neoclassical economics can tell us that currently we compensate for that ethical deficiency, because when you see the way the data is disaggregated, we really don't compensate. Let me move to another dilemma, the so-called contributors dilemma. This dilemma occurs because all of us are subject, day in and day out, to numerous small risks, hundreds of thousands of numerous small risks. Now the government sets pollution control standards and regulates hazards, and says that, you know, below a certain level, we don't worry about hazards, which is a reasonable thing to do. But the difficulty is, at least in the case of carcinogens, the aggregate of all those risks, each of which is alleged to be harmless because it's small, the aggregate, when combined synergistically, for example, or cumulatively, the aggregate is harmful. That's where those 90% of people dying from environmentally induced cancers come from. In other words, you may breathe a little bit of automobile exhaust, a little bit of pesticides. You may have a little bit of chlorine in your drinking water. You shove together all those kinds of things, and together they constitute an extreme health hazard, although seemingly they might not. So how do we get around the dilemma, okay, that we need to say certain small risks are acceptable because we don't live in a zero-risk society. And yet, the aggregate of those numerous small risks is clearly not acceptable. What do we do? You see the problem if you think of this example that Glover, Jonathan Glover, an Oxford philosopher gave in one of his books. He said, he didn't use it for this. I'm using his example for this case but the example fits. \"It's as if,\" he said, \"you're given two separate situations.\" And these are the situations that I'd like to use to illustrate you contributors dilemma. Suppose, said Glover, that you have a tribe of 100 armed bandits. They attack a village of 100 unarmed tribesmen. And each of the bandits takes a lunch from each of the 100 unarmed tribesmen. So you'd say that's clearly morally wrong. The bandits have stolen the lunches, it's wrong to steal people's lunches and that's obviously wrong. But what happens in the second situation of Glover's example is what I think is like what happens in our situation with risk in our society. You have the hundred armed bandits. They come into the village where there are 100 unarmed tribesmen. And instead of one bandit each taking one lunch, instead, they get in a big line, like a receiving line at a wedding or something, they get in a big line. And each one of the bandits takes, say, one bean out of a bowl that contains 100 baked beans. And each unarmed villager has a bowl that contains 100 baked beans. So they go through the line and each bandit just takes one baked bean out of each of 100 bowls. The net effect is the same. The villagers don't have any lunch, right? But it's very difficult to say that it's wrong to take one baked bean from somebody, right? That's exactly the situation that we face with respect to the contributors dilemma, in it's not clear that we're regulating or taking care of this in any sense. Let me move quickly then to the third dilemma. And this is probably one of the most problematic of all, all of the dilemmas. This is the one that's most difficult to solve and it's this. Obviously we have to declare some threshold for the acceptability of a risk because we can't live in society at all, even a low-tech, soft technology society without some level of risk. So obviously we have to declare some level of risk that we say is acceptable, that we say we're just gonna put up with, right? But the difficulty is once we declare some level of risk as acceptable, and in the United States, that level of risk is 10 to the, the average annual probability, 10 to the negative six. So the, whatever an activity is must contribute less than 10 to the negative six to your average annual probability of fatality. In other words, whatever the activity is, driving your car, living next to a dam, whatever, whatever the activity is, it must contribute less than a one in a mill--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116324#t=0.0,2752.02612"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_b.mp3"]},"duration":2759.54939,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/325/small/lecture.png?1622659468","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/325/original/AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_b.mp3?1622659468","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2759.54939,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The other opinion, no such threshold standard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=5.13,10.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is able to provide protection to people equally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=10.17,13.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because little kids, all things being equal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=13.65,18.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bear about seven or eight or nine times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=18.27,20.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles) adults do from the same exposure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=20.623,23.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, to chemicals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=23.34,25.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who lead sedentary lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=25.02,26.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pregnant women, people with a lot of allergies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=26.95,30.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of them being a much higher risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=30.19,32.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the average member of the population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=32.723,35.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at epidemiological studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=35.83,39.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you discover that just among people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=39.15,42.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without the differences in say our genes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=42.22,45.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leading off sedentary life, being pregnant, being (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=45.25,49.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without any of those differences,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=49.07,51.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just average people differ in their sensitivities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=51.21,54.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say chemical hazards by up to 200.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=54.81,59.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"200, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=60.646,63.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the ethical difficulty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=63.21,65.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is obviously we have to set a threshold for harm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=65.23,69.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet at the same time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=69.36,71.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's like we're playing Russian roulette or something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=71.97,75.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with certain members of the population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=75.52,78.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certain members of the population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=78.36,80.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of their sensitivities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=80.04,81.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously don't receive equal protection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=81.91,85.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They obviously don't receive equal treatment under the law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=85.43,89.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because not everybody responds in an average way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=89.54,92.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that's even more of a dilemma","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=92.76,94.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you start to think a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=94.62,97.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about some of the writing that we have done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=97.04,99.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the philosophical tradition on ethics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=99.71,102.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=102.58,104.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't give the same education to every child, do we?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=104.31,109.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We say that some people are retarded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=109.27,111.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or have learning disabilities and some people are gifted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=111.53,115.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we say that in some sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=115.36,118.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equal treatment means treatment that's somehow appropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=118.44,122.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to your needs, your mere rights or whatever, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=122.34,126.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in many areas of life, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=126.32,129.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Equal rights obviously are focused on your individual needs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=129.62,134.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (mumbles) in any area about risk, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=134.29,138.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'll almost believe something like playing Russian roulette","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=138.21,142.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because their sensitivities are so different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=142.21,144.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"yet we must set a personal standard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=144.577,147.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you can see some of what comes up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=147.6,150.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a threshold dilemma if you look at this slide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=150.54,153.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You ask in almost any city","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=153.62,155.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the average pollution level is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=155.69,159.877"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what's the average number of deaths","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=159.877,161.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from air pollution and all, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=161.64,164.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are 40 or 50,000 deaths a year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=165.959,167.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just from air pollution in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=168.53,171.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what you discover that there are average ties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=171.72,174.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the fact that areas inhabited by poor people or blacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=174.9,178.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are areas of much higher air pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=178.49,181.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So my question to you is how do we regulate risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=181.03,185.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that all the standard measures of societal harm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=185.25,190.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will indicate that we're still hurting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=191.36,193.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the very people who've already been disenfranchised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=193.57,196.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=196.57,197.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, maybe I can tell it from you, you're getting tired","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=198.98,201.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's getting late.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=201.51,202.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let me try to give you some suggestions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=202.343,204.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for how we might correct these ethical dilemmas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=204.55,208.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to do this very, very quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=208.32,212.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things that we can do, for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=214.46,217.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to improve the quality of the mathematical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=217.33,220.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and scientific analysis used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=220.3,223.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=223.21,225.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to do alternative studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=225.24,227.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have time to talk about all these examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=227.61,232.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but let me just mention the one at the bottom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=232.23,235.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The government did a study comparing the cost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=235.81,238.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the risk of nuclear versus coal generating electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=238.89,242.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they said that coal was a lot riskier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=242.45,245.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot more expensive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=246.741,248.027"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if you do an alternative analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=248.027,251.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you take a very careful look at the economic methods used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=251.32,255.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you, including your benefit cost analysis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=255.09,259.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the costs that they're normally borne by the government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=259.02,261.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the cost of storing radio active waste, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=261.89,265.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very easy to show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=265.13,266.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with actually nuclear is a more expensive technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=266.63,270.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what's my proposal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=270.95,272.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can improve the quality of mathematical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=272.55,274.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and scientific risk analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=274.87,278.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply by having alternative people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=278.07,280.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do alternative assessments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=280.51,282.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with alternative methodologies, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=282.74,286.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might have one assessment done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=286.55,287.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Natural Resources Defense Council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=287.87,291.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you might have another assessment done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=291.01,293.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Office of Technology Assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=293.4,295.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might have another assessment done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=295.6,297.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the coal industry, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=297.3,299.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the point is you realize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=299.437,301.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's no one objective answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=301.63,304.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are alternative answers, each of which are a function","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=304.04,307.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of different methods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=307.02,308.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you let the people know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=308.21,309.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the consequences of using different methods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=309.83,312.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are that you have different policy conclusions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=312.59,315.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second suggestion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=317.4,318.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to try to expose the methodological assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=318.96,323.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that lead to questionable conclusions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=324.24,327.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me see if I can like chat on discount rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=327.17,331.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that's a good one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=331.02,333.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll try to explain this quickly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=333.47,335.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though it's a difficult content.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=335.71,338.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Typically, in probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=338.1,341.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are able to say that a particular risk is desirable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=341.18,346.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or undesirable, costly or not costly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=347.65,350.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because what we do is we discount future deaths.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=350.88,355.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we say that particular life here now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=357.12,360.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is worth say $40,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=360.17,361.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the national traffic and safety administration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=362.46,364.962"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of roadway does,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=364.962,366.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's regulations for automobile safety","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=366.09,369.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presuppose that if it costs more than $40,000 to save a life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=369.2,374.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the industry doesn't have to retool to say the regulations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=374.27,378.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the nuclear industry presuppose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=378.93,381.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that each live is worth about $5 million, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=381.49,385.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm simply saying that all of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=385.63,388.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we do risk assessments, presuppose some value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=388.92,391.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of why that value of life is not the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=391.65,395.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across federal ranking state agencies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=395.0,397.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's inconsistent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=397.3,398.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, and this is the important point that I'm getting to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=398.78,402.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when we talk about lives that are lost in the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=402.61,405.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of some technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=405.56,407.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those future lives are not counted the same as our own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=409.42,414.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we say a life now is worth $40,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=415.55,419.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the life 20 years from now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=419.21,421.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be worth the amount that we would have to invest now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=421.94,426.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to obtain, in a suitable interest rate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=426.48,430.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"$40,000, 20 years from now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=430.067,433.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does everybody see what I'm saying?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=433.02,434.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=434.72,435.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you died 20 years from now, you're not worth $40,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=435.553,439.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're worth that small fraction of $40,000","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=439.85,442.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which if invested now and given interest rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=442.77,445.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would yield your $40,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=445.55,447.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which means for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=447.61,449.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a billion deaths 400 years from now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=449.55,454.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the same as one death next year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=454.96,459.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you wanna know how we didn't cost effectively store","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=459.39,462.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"radioactive waste which is lethal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=462.83,465.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe lethal for about 40,000 or more years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=465.047,470.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Real simple, real simple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=470.3,472.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We discount the future costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=472.45,476.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in doing that, we're able to arrive at the conclusion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=478.286,483.286"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that storing nuclear waste for future generations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=483.55,487.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not a dangerous or unethical thing to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=487.03,489.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one of the things we need to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=489.47,492.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in probabilistic risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=492.2,494.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to expose the methodological assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=494.43,498.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to which our risk assessment conclusions are sensitive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=498.51,503.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=504.77,505.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You use different methodological assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=505.603,507.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about discount rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=507.61,509.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You get completely different conclusions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=509.12,511.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what's cost effective and what's not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=511.38,513.999"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you a third suggestion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=513.999,515.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna skip this 'cause this requires me to talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=516.92,518.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about decision theory and I've already gone on too long","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=518.96,522.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm afraid that some of the students don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=522.1,524.254"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what decision theory is and I don't mean that as an insult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=524.254,527.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm just going with (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=527.182,528.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, another thing that we can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=528.77,532.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is when we do our benefit cost analysis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=532.07,535.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are always a part of the third stage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=535.24,538.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=538.41,540.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can weight those benefit cost analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=540.64,544.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of ethical constraints.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=544.34,546.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that for example, we had the consent (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=546.33,549.738"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"told you about where poor people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=549.738,552.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and uneducated people tend to end up in risky occupation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=552.09,556.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we do a benefit cost analysis for the effectiveness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=556.18,559.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of particular pollution control regulations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=559.86,562.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a particular occupational environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=562.52,565.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we should do is add a high negative weight of cost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=565.33,570.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that particular situation of cost that is proportional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=573.24,577.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the degree to which it is likely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=577.34,580.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those people didn't get free informed consent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=580.76,583.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=583.31,584.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So right now our situation is that benefit cost analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=584.73,588.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been mandated by the government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=588.87,590.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure many of you don't agree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=590.76,592.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with using benefit cost analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=592.27,594.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My point is, if you have to use it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=594.38,597.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it's mandated by the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=597.11,599.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then the least you can do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=599.14,600.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is try and make your number show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=600.7,603.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the ethical problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=603.5,605.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the past were covered up by the numbers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=605.32,608.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So use ethical ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=608.23,610.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's some good economies to places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=610.1,611.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like resources for the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=611.79,613.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have showed that if you use different weighting criteria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=613.69,617.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some ethical weighting criteria based on Ross,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=617.29,620.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some based on (mumbles), some on Pareto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=620.4,622.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So according if you'd use different ethical theories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=623.716,626.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to weight your different actions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=626.91,629.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or your different pollution control regulations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=629.09,631.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can generate completely different conclusions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=631.53,635.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what is cost effective and that's fascinating.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=635.19,639.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That means that we as a people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=639.16,641.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ought to be making decisions about what ethical theories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=641.66,646.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we want to weight our decisions about science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=646.37,651.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=651.32,652.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one way to do it is to do alternative risk assessments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=652.84,657.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that people say, Oh! This is the conclusion you get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=657.38,661.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about cost-effectiveness if you follow John Ross.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=661.33,665.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the conclusion you get about cost-effectiveness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=665.15,668.048"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you follow Adam Smith.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=668.048,670.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the conclusion you get about cost effectiveness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=670.273,674.351"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you follow Pareto.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=674.351,676.109"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the conclusion you get about cost effectiveness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=676.109,679.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you follow the Nozick, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=679.184,681.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the point is to pull","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=681.657,684.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all these methodological value judgements out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=684.19,686.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ethical judgments out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=686.71,688.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and let people see (mumbles) the effects of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=688.27,690.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's just a crude solution to a difficult problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=690.37,695.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm going to skip that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=696.83,698.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me use it quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=701.78,704.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just use it quickly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=704.03,706.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though I don't want to go on too long.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=706.16,708.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Typically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=708.6,709.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what people who do probabilistic risk assessment assume","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=709.69,713.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that as the annual probability fatality increases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=713.24,717.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have a proportional increase in the value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=717.27,720.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of risk avoidance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=720.45,721.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They assume there's a really simple minded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=721.95,725.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"linear relationship between probability fatality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=725.17,729.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the value of risk avoidance that is probably (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=729.88,734.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the value of avoiding that risk increases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=735.2,738.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what I'm trying to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=738.0,739.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with these ethical weighting criteria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=739.57,741.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that there is no simple linear relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=741.77,746.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people have to take account of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=746.03,748.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like consent and weight risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=748.32,751.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to which people haven't given free informed consent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=751.82,754.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more negatively.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=754.74,756.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Weight risks that contributed to this contributors dilemma,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=756.39,761.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it contributes synergistically to undesirable health effects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=761.23,765.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weight then more negatively for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=765.56,769.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this business being an alternative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=769.44,771.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because some sort of weighting scheme","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=771.32,773.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this crude thing that we have right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=773.02,776.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another alternative that I have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=776.55,778.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this really makes scientists mad at me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=778.287,781.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another alternative is to calibrate scientists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=781.43,785.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know how you calibrate anyone ever calibrated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=785.753,788.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any of the instruments that you've used in the lab","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=788.3,790.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in the field in science quizzes?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=790.73,793.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'm suggesting is that we calibrate risk assessors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=793.16,797.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what that means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=797.43,798.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that probabilistic risk assessors vary in their estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=798.65,803.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of risk as I told you before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=803.52,805.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between roughly three and six orders of magnitude, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=805.55,810.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what I'm suggesting we do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=810.81,813.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we figure out whose predictions have been correct","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=813.84,818.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=820.38,822.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then on the basis of their past predicted successes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=822.14,826.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we attempt to weight the expert judgment of risk assessors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=826.78,831.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about current and future societal risks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=831.98,834.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one very good reason for doing that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=834.82,837.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that a lot of studies have shown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=837.71,842.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people who tend to be optimistic in one area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=842.03,845.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or optimistic in another area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=845.11,846.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's a very close relationship among assessors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=846.757,851.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably the estimates in a variety of different areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=851.31,855.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that show a lot of dependence, you know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=855.18,857.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in probabilistic and statistical sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=857.83,861.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when we begin calibrating risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=861.52,864.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be a great thing to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=864.24,866.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you probably noted (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=866.61,868.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the philosophy of science association","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=868.99,871.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but (mumbles) has been working with people at Johns Hopkins","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=871.38,875.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's calibrating surgeons and he's putting weights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=875.28,880.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on different surgeons on the base itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=880.29,883.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their previous successful surgeries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=883.36,885.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course it's can't be good to control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=885.75,887.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for different variables among the patients.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=887.62,890.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I would love in my consumer reports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=890.01,893.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get the calibration figures on different medical doctors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=893.24,897.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore, I went to them, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=897.28,899.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what I'm suggesting is that this is another vehicle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=899.95,903.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for using past frequency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=903.81,906.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your past predictions to sort of calibrate people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=906.22,909.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=909.56,910.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One reason why calibration is so important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=910.66,912.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that most of the risks that we face","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=912.53,915.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very low probability risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=915.12,917.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're associated with new technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=917.36,920.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we don't have an established frequency record","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=920.07,923.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for accidents or injuries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=923.65,925.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we really have to sort of guesstimate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=925.6,927.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a good way to guesstimate given the dependency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=927.89,930.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the loan and given the assessors estimate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=930.29,933.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to use how successful these folks have been in the past.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=933.46,937.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in other words, in calibration we use the frequencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=939.63,943.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of past events or reading events in a sort of scoring rule","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=943.44,948.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to calibrate probably the estimates of the same events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=948.33,952.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When people get things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=952.06,953.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probabilistic risk assessment of nuclear power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=954.531,957.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most famous one that's ever been done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=957.48,959.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the estimate for the different experts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=960.88,962.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"largely from MIT working on understanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=962.86,965.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The estimates of those estimates differ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=965.56,968.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from roughly three to six orders of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=968.05,971.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now that we've been generating nuclear electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=971.29,975.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for (mumbles) ever since 1955,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=975.06,979.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have a good idea of the respects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=979.21,981.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which those probabilistic risk assessors were right","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=981.9,985.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the way they were wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=985.287,987.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A friend of mine, a mathematician in the Netherlands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=987.72,991.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got all the data from Oak Ridge labs in Tennessee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=991.547,996.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the accidents in US nuclear facilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=996.19,999.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then he took that frequency record of accidents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=999.32,1004.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and compared the accident frequency record","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1004.16,1008.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the estimated accidents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1008.13,1010.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but particularly like failure with pipes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1010.98,1013.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steel pipe, pipe for three inches in diameter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1013.27,1016.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were all kinds of different systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1019.1,1021.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could have failed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1021.13,1022.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and essentially what he did was check the frequency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1022.77,1026.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that actually existed against the earlier predicted values.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1026.43,1030.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he discovered that again, he says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1030.47,1032.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these we're typically all three, six orders of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1032.57,1035.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then he developed a way to calibrate these systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1035.98,1039.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I thought it was interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1039.37,1040.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the US didn't bother to do that itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1040.213,1043.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you find that we do lots of technology assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1043.24,1046.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but nobody ever goes back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1046.27,1047.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and does Monday morning quarterbacking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1047.78,1049.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the scientific community is so powerful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1049.76,1052.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't want anybody checking up on it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1052.82,1055.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but risk assessors in the Netherlands did do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1055.95,1059.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is an example of some the work from the Netherlands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1061.05,1064.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's just been published this year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1064.79,1066.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Oxford University press.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1066.06,1068.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mathematician who did this is a guy named Roger Coop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1068.11,1072.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you can see that it sounded the experts estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1072.23,1077.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for way, way, way out of value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1077.25,1080.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"90, not 90%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1080.45,1084.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a majority of the accidents that they predicted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1084.28,1089.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were outside the 90% confidence intervals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1089.56,1092.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, they weren't there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1092.86,1095.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They weren't very reliable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1095.59,1096.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see why he needed to calibrate experts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1100.42,1102.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look at the spread in this data.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1102.79,1105.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The difference in estimates is so great.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1107.7,1111.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I'm gonna close with this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1111.32,1112.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we're very near the end","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1112.94,1114.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause I don't wanna go on and on and on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1114.42,1116.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like you're clearly getting tired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1116.31,1118.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this shows how successful people have been.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1118.1,1122.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When when we tried to calibrate meteorologists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1123.399,1125.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weather forecasters, in other word.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1125.67,1127.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you tell forecasters how correct they were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1127.82,1131.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what they got wrong, they improve it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1131.12,1134.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can see the way they improved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1134.2,1137.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from one year to the next based on getting feedback","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1137.4,1142.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and being calibrated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1142.06,1143.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's the one area that I was able to dig up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1143.78,1146.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the day on calibration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1146.2,1148.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most people, when you give them instantaneous feedback","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1148.91,1151.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about their performance, do learn to do things differently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1151.64,1155.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's just interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1155.68,1156.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we required this by meteorologists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1156.57,1159.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we don't require","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1159.12,1159.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is other probabilistic risk assessments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1159.98,1162.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that in a nutshell,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1162.77,1165.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"concludes some of the ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1165.4,1166.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I have to take account for both,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1166.64,1169.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of the ethical problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1169.71,1171.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of the technical problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1171.48,1172.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me stop there even though I remember telling you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1172.827,1175.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"see if anybody wants to disagree with me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1175.72,1177.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or ask questions or see what you wanna say at this point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1177.75,1181.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1184.32,1185.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody wanna disagree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1186.29,1187.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you think I've been too easy on technology (mumbles)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1187.38,1190.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1193.63,1194.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that cancer rates is growing up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1194.463,1196.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1196.68,1199.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about life expectancy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1199.04,1200.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The average life span?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1200.77,1201.941"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Life expectancy has leveled off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1201.941,1204.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which most people don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1204.08,1207.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although we're making a lot of progress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1208.52,1212.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You see life expectancy, let me clarify that statement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1212.37,1216.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life expectancy in one sense had been going up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1216.81,1219.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that has been due to things like beans in nutrition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1219.3,1224.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sanitation, control in certain sorts of cancers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1224.33,1227.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the way that we should expect life expectancy to go up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1227.62,1232.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the progress that we've made in those other areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1232.27,1236.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not proportional","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1236.89,1238.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because while we're gaining in areas like sanitation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1238.08,1242.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, we're losing in all these other areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1242.26,1244.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have to do with pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1244.98,1249.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you'll find some very modest increases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1249.18,1252.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in life expectancy belong the whole life expectancies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1252.13,1255.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is leveling off and they've not been significant changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1255.77,1260.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"probably from these 10 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1260.56,1262.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh! When you'll be in the paper, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1263.73,1266.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the life expectancy for (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1266.78,1271.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What order of magnitude is cancer not enough(mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1271.32,1274.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I don't wanna talk about order of magnitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1274.49,1277.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one reason why I don't wanna speak that specifically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1277.65,1280.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you heard it, just say it's gone up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1280.87,1282.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's because the odds of technology assessments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1282.467,1285.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suggests that we weren't diagnosing cancers correctly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1285.72,1289.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"earlier in the century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1289.79,1293.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And moreover, they know that given the phishing levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1293.35,1296.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pollutants although they can't always say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1296.95,1300.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can almost never say an individual cancer was caused","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1301.43,1304.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a particular pollutant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1304.57,1306.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Using the dose response occurs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1306.13,1309.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they're using on animals and sampling the human.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1309.14,1311.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They can say that given increasing levels of pollutants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1311.65,1316.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's been a corresponding level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1316.28,1318.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's been a corresponding increase in cancer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1319.09,1321.675"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't recall that they were willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1321.675,1323.342"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to commit themselves to a particular level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1323.342,1327.182"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess that sort of what I'm getting at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1327.182,1328.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is if you take a primitive society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1328.52,1331.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that doesn't have all of these technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1331.02,1332.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their chances of getting cancer is a lot less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1332.603,1335.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their life expectancy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1335.483,1337.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's much less as well which is more significant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1337.18,1339.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, that's a really, really, really good point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1339.98,1342.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one reason why I wanted to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1342.81,1345.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a lot of these problems are really dilemmas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1345.023,1348.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Getting healthcare delivery systems is something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1348.38,1351.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that usually occurs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1351.93,1352.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a sophisticated technological society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1352.97,1355.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It also has a lot of pollution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1355.81,1358.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so that's why, you'll have people voting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1358.17,1361.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep their jobs in the logging industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1361.83,1365.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get rid of the spiral down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1365.0,1366.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to keep their jobs at the aluminum smelter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1366.75,1369.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though it'll kill some of their children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1369.75,1372.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there's always some benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1372.84,1376.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that come from any particular risks that are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1376.29,1379.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the problem is not a simple minded one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1379.337,1382.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of shedding industry dinner or having zero pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1382.04,1384.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's just not gonna work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1384.95,1386.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a question of how do you balance risks and benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1387.99,1391.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and where the trade offs are?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1391.74,1393.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also, I don't even think the question is so important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1393.56,1398.406"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question of name to the risk is important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1398.406,1400.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the distributions risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1400.78,1402.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's more important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1402.43,1403.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the risks be distributed equitably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1403.657,1406.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then that could reduce overall risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1406.23,1411.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you can see all these (mumbles) ethics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1411.33,1414.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of a sudden just shooting up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1414.1,1417.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you have a vast number of people who can pollute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1417.02,1419.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without someone being (mumbles) specifically on them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1419.92,1424.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles) But you're right about the standard of living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1426.776,1431.776"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the benefit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1432.02,1432.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's exactly why I used the word dilemma.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1434.3,1436.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Another example is, you would use an argument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1439.233,1443.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people in the factories and stuff","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1443.45,1446.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are exposing themselves to the risk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1446.82,1449.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're getting compensated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1449.1,1450.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once you consider that making that a personal choice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1451.61,1454.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a free will not so much required but (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1454.39,1458.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, that's why I said the sociological data again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1460.83,1465.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"indicates unequivocally that it's education goes up, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1465.3,1470.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And job mobility, job opportunities go up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1472.28,1477.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who choose those risky jobs goes down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1477.23,1480.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's my whole point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1480.777,1482.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Smart people with options don't take risky jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1482.87,1487.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, unless they do it for pleasure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1489.26,1491.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I go scuba diving.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1491.37,1492.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a brother who parachutes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1492.98,1495.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1495.94,1497.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but people with options and freedom and education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1497.37,1502.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you aren't gonna risk the net for stupid things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1503.93,1507.124"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the data indicates that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1507.124,1509.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1509.3,1511.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do those people in the factory really consent?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1511.3,1514.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I know it's my opinion but I think so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1516.685,1518.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think most (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1518.284,1521.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, think about the conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1523.18,1525.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a really interesting ethical question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1525.35,1527.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Think about the conditions for free informed consent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1527.45,1530.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only way people interfere with your consent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1530.92,1534.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not holding your arms behind your back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1534.0,1535.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or putting a bullet to your head.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1535.92,1537.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People also mark your ballots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1537.72,1540.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in psychological and sociological and political ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1541.81,1545.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women have their ballots marked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1545.55,1548.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the very beginning in a certain way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1549.39,1552.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So again, people have their ballots marked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1552.49,1556.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what's socially acceptable, you know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1556.1,1559.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So who was it who just told me that they were...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1559.23,1561.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, you said you weren't in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1561.16,1562.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when there were a lot of people smoking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1562.697,1564.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suppose it's cool to smoke.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1564.32,1567.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You're very insecure and you want to be cool,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1567.02,1569.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess you smoke.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1569.76,1570.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that's a way that we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1570.78,1573.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of societally having our ballots marked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1573.4,1576.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having our choices made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1576.63,1578.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in ways that would certainly restrict our freedom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1578.4,1582.278"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Are you talking about the sociological pressure in that--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1582.278,1585.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah and we in part create","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1585.06,1587.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of that sociological pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1587.61,1589.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the society could use part of the pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1589.68,1591.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"presumably what we wanna do, I think is create a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1591.307,1596.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which more people are authentically great, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1596.54,1601.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just feel guns but from undesirable pressures or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1602.3,1607.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just trying to think about the ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1609.43,1611.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which your freedom is limited by things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1611.11,1613.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you don't see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1613.94,1615.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's something we need here (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1617.41,1622.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A while ago, Barry Commoner was here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1622.51,1624.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he was kind of pessimistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1624.56,1627.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He felt, I think I've got (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1627.27,1629.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He agreed with you (mumbles) of chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1630.76,1633.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that pollute and are dangerous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1633.26,1635.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And his view was regulation never works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1635.31,1638.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have to aim for elimination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1638.17,1640.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm just wondering if you could speak to that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1640.45,1642.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a minute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1642.36,1644.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The difficulty is you can't eliminate everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1644.5,1647.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You could but you'd have to pay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1647.697,1649.711"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what this gentlemen said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1649.711,1651.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to pay with your standard of living.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1651.59,1654.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'd have to be willing to have a loan (mumbles) product.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1654.59,1659.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, maybe you can eliminate some of the worst cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1659.31,1662.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe you can eliminate some of the worst cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1662.53,1664.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but just to give you another--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1664.2,1666.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Just the chemicals was all he was talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1666.06,1667.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh! Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1667.86,1669.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, maybe you can eliminate chemical pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1669.11,1673.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe we would have to accept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1673.4,1675.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lower standard of living, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1675.17,1677.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we never think of that in terms of risk assessment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1677.3,1679.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a given that we're gonna accept some level of DDQ.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1679.98,1683.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, DDQ is (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1683.37,1685.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but his attitude is that if you allow some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1685.66,1688.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then there's gonna be all kinds of fudging","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1688.7,1690.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like you were talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1690.33,1691.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're gonna establish higher and higher standards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1691.6,1694.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of acceptability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1694.98,1696.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the only way to really protect ourselves better","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1696.93,1700.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to just say he likes DDT as the model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1700.89,1704.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just get rid of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1704.32,1705.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no more DDT allowed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1705.153,1707.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he thinks we should do that for all sorts of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1707.42,1709.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and names of which I forget that you were conversing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1709.77,1712.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, the difficulty with that is I'm not sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1713.63,1718.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all people in all situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1719.8,1722.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would say that's the greater good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1722.32,1724.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you an example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1724.26,1727.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One third of the pesticides we make in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1727.09,1729.745"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being produced in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1729.745,1731.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Banned and not licensed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1731.56,1732.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1732.68,1733.717"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one third that we produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1735.4,1737.922"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being produced in this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1737.922,1739.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're shipped abroad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1739.63,1740.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"40,000 people a year according to World Health Organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1740.94,1745.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"die from pesticide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1745.09,1747.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those people are often in developing nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1747.18,1749.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The pesticides typically come from multinational companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1749.36,1753.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from your US companies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1753.04,1754.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the question is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1754.85,1756.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should those companies ship those pesticides abroad?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1757.86,1761.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I just don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1761.05,1764.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just don't know that the answer is easier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1764.64,1767.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1767.01,1768.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because once you start thinking about the second and third","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1768.55,1771.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fourth order effects,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1771.4,1774.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once you start thinking about (mumbles) all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1774.12,1776.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I lose my confidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1781.3,1783.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what is right in this place in terms of banning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1783.79,1787.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is right everywhere else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1787.65,1789.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, it may be that people would starve to death","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1789.34,1792.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or lower their longevity by 20 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1792.26,1797.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or three times as many of their children would die","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1798.47,1802.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they didn't use these pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1802.76,1804.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and picking those (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1804.74,1806.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I just don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1814.023,1816.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1816.03,1816.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know that that works for all situations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1817.88,1820.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think you've gotta do a lot of work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1820.23,1822.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think you have to do ethical analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1822.84,1825.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the ethical equivalent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1825.073,1827.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the fundamentalist even has a quick and easy answer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1827.3,1830.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1830.48,1832.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The ethical equivalent of that fundamentalist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1832.33,1835.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an environmentalist or an industry person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1835.62,1838.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who just has one answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1838.44,1840.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the hard way is now in every situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1840.86,1844.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't have any (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1848.0,1852.239"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think I noticed the absence of one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1852.239,1855.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They all seem (mumbles) place and then kind of correct,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1857.24,1862.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"protect from (mumbles) converging, examining assumptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1867.12,1870.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You were talking about (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1876.515,1879.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"improving the character of assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1879.01,1881.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e would narrow that down.\nYeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1881.2,1882.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Does that mean that's impossible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1882.878,1883.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or does it take too long to be practical or--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1883.91,1887.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think that if people have to fight about assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1887.28,1889.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and defend them, that most assumptions can't stand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1889.95,1894.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the scrutiny of the light of day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1895.84,1897.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once those come out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1897.83,1898.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like these discount rates, they'd be gone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1898.99,1901.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then if you...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1901.47,1902.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If most of the members of the American public knew","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1902.36,1905.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the standard assumptions that were associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1905.43,1907.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with this candidate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1907.83,1909.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'd never hear about this candidate again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1910.64,1912.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm convinced of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1912.64,1914.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think there's...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1914.35,1916.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I truly don't think often it's a question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1916.13,1918.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with sophisticated, ethical problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1918.333,1920.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With many cases, it's a question of just opening up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1920.48,1924.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"esoteric methods to public scrutiny","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1924.86,1928.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and making clear what's going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1928.29,1931.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I guess I have a naive assumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1931.36,1933.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a liberal intellectual","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1933.36,1934.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but once people see this, it will all stop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1934.76,1939.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know, but maybe...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1939.76,1940.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1943.67,1944.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1944.503,1945.458"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So I guess that's something that I worry about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1945.458,1946.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is much (mumbles) suggesting here is to be clearer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1946.96,1950.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about (mumbles) are and it strikes me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1950.86,1954.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that maybe the problems are simply a matter of understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1954.54,1957.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the risks are by gaining political power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1957.983,1960.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to make judgements that won't risks (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1960.84,1964.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you address that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1966.507,1968.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1968.34,1969.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a lot of people don't like this either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1971.12,1973.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I guess I believe more in popular democracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1973.02,1977.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than I do in the imposition of environmentalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1977.95,1982.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I believe that you can educate people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1982.35,1986.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and empower them to correct their situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1986.45,1989.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I don't believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1989.55,1990.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a dictator called the political change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1992.257,1995.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that sort of thing is desirable or that will work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=1995.26,2000.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of people say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2001.371,2002.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why don't you just say, don't do this and you can't do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2002.37,2005.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I'm not sure that it's effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2005.544,2007.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm also not sure that if people vote to hurt themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2007.23,2010.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they shouldn't be allowed to do so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2010.4,2012.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though I wouldn't wanna do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2012.57,2014.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I prefer to expose things to the light day","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2014.61,2017.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and let people be aware of what's going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2017.51,2019.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm also an incrementalist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2019.97,2021.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe that some of the most sweeping changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2021.95,2026.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are needed in this society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2026.22,2027.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are gonna come with any sort of repetitive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2027.95,2030.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do believe that at a minimum, people have a right to know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2030.5,2035.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if that's the first step","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2035.751,2038.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a long, slow, incremental process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2038.09,2041.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess I just don't believe very much in revolutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2041.62,2044.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or conversion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2044.36,2045.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I do believe in slow changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2045.69,2049.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think that the regulatory measures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2052.29,2053.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or mechanisms are in place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2053.86,2056.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that once these things become public","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2056.07,2058.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they will reach good change?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2058.944,2061.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh! I think once the public's aware of what goes on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2061.03,2064.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often the outcry is so great","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2064.66,2068.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the regulations end up getting changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2068.18,2073.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the public outcry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2074.72,2076.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the public education is straightened out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2076.454,2078.654"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know what else you can do except become a fascist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2080.773,2085.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and impose your environmentalist among other people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2085.43,2088.825"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's an unfair way of putting it perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2088.825,2092.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think it comes down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2094.791,2095.624"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ultimately to whether you believe more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2095.624,2098.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in your own philosophy or whether you are more dedicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2098.06,2101.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to (mumbles) democracy even when it's wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2101.68,2105.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's a big value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2105.65,2107.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2111.225,2113.944"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I get that in your last (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2113.944,2116.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm wondering, can you just get down a little bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2116.51,2119.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What would happen if you perfected risk assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2119.45,2122.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the manner you suggested?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2122.97,2125.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And afterwards what the result would be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2125.227,2127.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What would we know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2127.276,2128.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we know that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2128.11,2129.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had a chart (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2130.35,2132.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when we calibrate the forecasters?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2134.951,2136.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have a chart and we know something about (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2136.693,2139.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do we know exactly?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2142.207,2143.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know that coal is better than nuclear energy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2143.04,2146.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's irrational to use nuclear energy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2146.883,2150.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we perfected (mumbles),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2150.81,2152.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where would the (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2153.935,2157.518"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, presumably what we do is alternative assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2161.32,2164.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and right now we have a whole structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2164.597,2166.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of administrative law and federal regulatory agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2166.48,2169.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think those might be changed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2169.56,2171.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of some system of adversarial assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2171.84,2175.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with alternative assessments being done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2175.01,2177.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what we've built into my claim","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2177.13,2179.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about alternative assessments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2179.16,2181.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my point is that I'm not sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2181.65,2184.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that people would make better decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2184.67,2187.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think if they saw how sensitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2187.08,2191.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the alleged conclusions of experts really are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2191.2,2195.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to very controversial value judgements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2195.75,2199.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they would be likely to disagree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2199.39,2201.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the pattern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2201.42,2203.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for probabilistic risk assessment right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2203.42,2205.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or for government through federal regulatory agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2205.83,2208.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the food and drug administration, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2208.837,2211.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the pattern is for the experts to deliver us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2211.62,2215.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some dictum, which is presented as being objective","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2217.25,2221.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we are somehow forced to conform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2221.55,2223.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it seems to be if we moved into the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2223.63,2225.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles) assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2225.896,2227.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has already been tried in some communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2227.58,2229.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2229.77,2231.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we moved into that mode of operation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2231.51,2236.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what would happen is that the experts as such","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2236.17,2240.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would not be listened to so much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2240.22,2242.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the folks doing the alternative assessments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2242.87,2246.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who could make clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2246.23,2248.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the degree to which our different assumptions control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2248.07,2251.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by different conclusions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2251.69,2252.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2252.65,2253.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"science could be seen to be political,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2253.94,2257.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in large part I think it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2257.31,2259.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In one stack we're seeing one of the trump cards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2259.71,2264.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the scientific military industrial complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2264.39,2268.985"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles) take it away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2268.985,2270.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I just need a little bit of (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2271.45,2273.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you introduced the idea (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2273.71,2275.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought that you were doing that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2279.51,2280.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the name of moving the assessment (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2280.82,2283.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it seems you decided different (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2286.76,2289.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, but you...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2291.451,2292.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You typically know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2292.284,2293.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we get alternative methodological assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2293.117,2295.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from people with alternative philosophical points of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2295.99,2299.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you ask the neoclassical economists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2299.38,2301.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they were probabilistic risk assessment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2301.82,2304.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)he's gonna tell you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2304.748,2307.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that energy consumption in the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2307.34,2308.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is gonna be just the way it was in the past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2308.77,2312.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regardless of the price of electricity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2312.35,2314.644"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you get somebody else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2314.644,2316.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's far more skeptical about those methods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2316.41,2320.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a completely different social and political group","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2320.65,2323.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for us also practicing (mumbles) or something else,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2323.61,2327.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you're gonna get different methodological assumptions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2327.57,2329.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My only claim is that you're gonna get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2329.71,2332.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"alternative methodological assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2332.67,2335.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"mainly from different interest groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2335.37,2338.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you read the probabilistic risk assessments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2338.27,2340.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"done by industry versus environmental versus (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2340.67,2343.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Like that's just very very clear but you're right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2344.391,2349.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe if you ask different groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2349.16,2350.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you wouldn't get alternative methodological assumptions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2350.99,2353.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's what I've seen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2353.46,2355.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the methodological assumptions are pretty predictable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2355.13,2358.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the basis of the group that's doing the study.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2358.66,2362.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not that they're doing something that's not objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2362.6,2364.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's just every time they have a choice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2364.84,2366.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they make a choice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2366.86,2367.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the end it served their own wants, it seems to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2367.693,2371.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2374.91,2375.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles) I follow up (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2376.995,2378.695"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just would suggest that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2390.994,2393.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, you might be disappointed in the outcome","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2394.47,2398.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the public scrutiny,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2398.81,2400.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you seem to be assuming that the value structures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2400.01,2404.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2404.95,2406.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who we're making a probabilistic risks assessment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2406.25,2411.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are outside the norm of the society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2411.1,2414.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, they may represent the norm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2414.56,2416.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what might seem for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2418.85,2420.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this county might represent a value that we all share,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2420.96,2424.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why not put off until tomorrow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2424.78,2427.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you could be doing today?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2427.04,2428.938"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2428.938,2429.771"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So it sounds very...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2430.68,2433.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd definitely agree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2433.58,2435.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that push forward with those sorts of suggestions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2435.053,2437.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just wonder if you might not--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2437.444,2439.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I mean, yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2439.334,2441.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What you're really saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2441.23,2442.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is this is not going to create enough change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2442.4,2445.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I agree, but what should the coercion will?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2445.15,2448.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's like what Thomas Jefferson says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2449.96,2452.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"If you see that the people are making the wrong decisions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2452.217,2454.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the solution is not to take the power away from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2454.77,2456.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The solution is to educate.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2456.89,2457.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's why I began by saying there's 40, 50,000 murders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2457.99,2462.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2462.23,2463.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's an order of magnitude.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2464.09,2466.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Greater number of cancers go and we don't call them murder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2466.24,2471.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2471.888,2473.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one thing we can do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2474.391,2476.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We get people to think about what they do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2476.24,2479.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they drive their cars or spraying their vegetables","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2479.29,2482.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whatever it is that they do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2482.25,2483.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that ask you the risk burden that we all bear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2483.81,2486.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you may be right, maybe we won't change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2486.45,2490.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I wasn't being skeptical, I was being cynical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2491.152,2494.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Haha, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2494.363,2495.446"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2497.729,2499.432"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Look at the way people change (mumbles) cigarette smoking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2499.432,2502.541"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the normal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2502.541,2505.141"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't you think that's the normal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2505.141,2507.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cigarette conventions have to go to third world...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2507.17,2509.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't see as much as (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2509.11,2510.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe in California and Florida,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2512.39,2514.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people don't smoke anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2516.27,2518.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What did you make of the ethics of society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2519.65,2521.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"permitting the tobacco industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2521.65,2523.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 49% of them (mumbles) were caused by smoking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2523.49,2528.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you wanna talk about cost benefits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2531.88,2533.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it looks like (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2533.74,2534.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I don't see how people can justify","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2536.13,2540.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cigarette smoking given the (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2540.99,2542.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've seen it, environmental protection agency statistics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2545.43,2548.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on passive death.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2548.3,2549.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're incredible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2550.18,2551.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But there's an example of the education there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2551.977,2554.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's not (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2554.223,2556.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It is there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2556.39,2557.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at the statistics on cigarette smoking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2557.29,2559.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't smoke or (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2559.88,2561.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're either older people who can't break the habit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2561.66,2564.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it's an addiction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2564.78,2566.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're primarily people from very low socioeconomic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2566.77,2570.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and educational practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2570.11,2571.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Statistically, that's the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2571.12,2573.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The higher the level of education,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2573.2,2575.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the lower the incidence of smoking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2575.42,2577.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I've seen the daily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2577.33,2578.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Smokers are very poor people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2579.62,2582.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and old people who can't break the...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2582.723,2584.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Statistically, that's they case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2584.37,2586.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I mean, it is working in a sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2587.41,2589.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's the majority but there's still a percentage--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2590.74,2594.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I mean it's statistically the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2594.497,2596.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's still that you educate people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2596.775,2599.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also that you have cigarette manufacturers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2599.92,2602.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to avoid going under they have to market the product","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2602.78,2605.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and third world countries and relying on ads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2605.19,2609.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to people who are dumb enough to pay attention to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2609.63,2613.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2617.14,2618.231"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2618.231,2621.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, most people don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2621.24,2622.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's hundreds of little facts like that I--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2622.073,2625.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's really awful but basically (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2627.241,2632.241"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Things change little by little by little.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2653.24,2657.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe somebody will worry about the discount rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2657.63,2660.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in a few years we will have mandates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2660.53,2664.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the way these analysis can be done (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2664.04,2667.344"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1959, we passed the national (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2667.344,2671.236"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meet the environmental policy that mandated that we deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2671.236,2674.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with rival impact analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2674.65,2676.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It also made it that mandated that we take account","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2676.27,2680.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the distributed inequities among people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2680.24,2684.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It resulted from certain environmental impacts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2684.25,2688.216"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demanding that because (mumbles) people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2688.216,2692.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would consider it unlikely that (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2692.68,2696.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody mandate that we stop using a discount rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2696.92,2701.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That will come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2701.76,2702.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"History has shown a continual evolution in our recognition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2702.9,2707.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the rights of people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2707.3,2709.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Looking at how long it's taken us to recognize the interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2709.07,2714.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of blacks and Jews and gypsies and (mumbles) and women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2714.11,2718.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's all only insane.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2718.33,2719.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, things are coming, things are changing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2719.62,2722.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Takes a long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2722.76,2724.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2726.861,2728.362"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was just (mumbles) power industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2728.362,2730.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some ways, this country was brought to a halt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2730.69,2733.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a bunch of people who really were afraid of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2733.27,2736.067"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also kept doing things about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2736.067,2738.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There wasn't three mile island itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2738.77,2740.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was the fact that same (mumbles) the cost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2740.67,2742.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The actual cost, all the hidden costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2744.44,2746.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the government was (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2746.03,2748.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people had to look into it more and more (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=2750.006,2752.756"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28292/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/292/original/AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_b.vtt?1622659470","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/292/original/AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_b.vtt?1622659470"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28293","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204023_Technological_Risk_Assessment_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325/transcript/28293/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- The other opinion, no such threshold standard is able to provide protection to people equally because little kids, all things being equal, bear about seven or eight or nine times adults do from the same exposure. For example, to chemicals. People who lead sedentary lives, pregnant women, people with a lot of allergies, all of them being a much higher risk than the average member of the population. If you look at epidemiological studies, you discover that just among people without the differences in say our genes leading off sedentary life, being pregnant, being without any of those differences, just average people differ in their sensitivities to say chemical hazards by up to 200. 200, okay? So the ethical difficulty is obviously we have to set a threshold for harm yet at the same time, it's like we're playing Russian roulette or something with certain members of the population. Certain members of the population because of their sensitivities obviously don't receive equal protection. They obviously don't receive equal treatment under the law because not everybody responds in an average way. Now that's even more of a dilemma if you start to think a little bit about some of the writing that we have done in the philosophical tradition on ethics. Here in the United States, we don't give the same education to every child, do we? We say that some people are retarded or have learning disabilities and some people are gifted. So we say that in some sense, equal treatment means treatment that's somehow appropriate to your needs, your mere rights or whatever, okay? So in many areas of life, okay? Equal rights obviously are focused on your individual needs and in any area about risk, okay? We'll almost believe something like playing Russian roulette because their sensitivities are so different yet we must set a personal standard. Now, you can see some of what comes up as a threshold dilemma if you look at this slide. You ask in almost any city what the average pollution level is and what's the average number of deaths from air pollution and all, okay? And there are 40 or 50,000 deaths a year just from air pollution in the United States. But what you discover that there are average ties is the fact that areas inhabited by poor people or blacks are areas of much higher air pollution. So my question to you is how do we regulate risks so that all the standard measures of societal harm will indicate that we're still hurting the very people who've already been disenfranchised by society. Well, maybe I can tell it from you, you're getting tired and it's getting late. So let me try to give you some suggestions for how we might correct these ethical dilemmas and try to do this very, very quickly. One of the things that we can do, for example to improve the quality of the mathematical and scientific analysis used in probabilistic risk assessment is to do alternative studies. I don't have time to talk about all these examples but let me just mention the one at the bottom. The government did a study comparing the cost and the risk of nuclear versus coal generating electricity and they said that coal was a lot riskier and a lot more expensive. Well, if you do an alternative analysis you take a very careful look at the economic methods used and you, including your benefit cost analysis, the costs that they're normally borne by the government, the cost of storing radio active waste, for example. It's very easy to show with actually nuclear is a more expensive technology. So what's my proposal? You can improve the quality of mathematical and scientific risk analysis simply by having alternative people do alternative assessments with alternative methodologies, okay? You might have one assessment done by the Natural Resources Defense Council and you might have another assessment done by the Office of Technology Assessment. You might have another assessment done by the coal industry, for example. But the point is you realize that there's no one objective answer. There are alternative answers, each of which are a function of different methods. And you let the people know that the consequences of using different methods are that you have different policy conclusions. The second suggestion is to try to expose the methodological assumptions that lead to questionable conclusions. Now, let me see if I can like chat on discount rates because that's a good one. And I'll try to explain this quickly even though it's a difficult content. Typically, in probabilistic risk assessment, we are able to say that a particular risk is desirable or undesirable, costly or not costly because what we do is we discount future deaths. If we say that particular life here now is worth say $40,000 which the national traffic and safety administration of roadway does, it's regulations for automobile safety presuppose that if it costs more than $40,000 to save a life the industry doesn't have to retool to say the regulations on the nuclear industry presuppose that each live is worth about $5 million, okay? So I'm simply saying that all of us when we do risk assessments, presuppose some value of why that value of life is not the same across federal ranking state agencies. It's inconsistent. But, and this is the important point that I'm getting to, when we talk about lives that are lost in the future as a result of some technology, those future lives are not counted the same as our own. If we say a life now is worth $40,000 then the life 20 years from now would be worth the amount that we would have to invest now in order to obtain, in a suitable interest rate, $40,000, 20 years from now. Does everybody see what I'm saying? In other words, if you died 20 years from now, you're not worth $40,000. You're worth that small fraction of $40,000 which if invested now and given interest rate would yield your $40,000. Which means for example, that a billion deaths 400 years from now are the same as one death next year. So you wanna know how we didn't cost effectively store radioactive waste which is lethal, maybe lethal for about 40,000 or more years. Real simple, real simple. We discount the future costs and in doing that, we're able to arrive at the conclusion that storing nuclear waste for future generations is not a dangerous or unethical thing to do. So one of the things we need to do in probabilistic risk assessment is to expose the methodological assumptions to which our risk assessment conclusions are sensitive, okay? You use different methodological assumptions about discount rates. You get completely different conclusions about what's cost effective and what's not. Let me give you a third suggestion. I'm gonna skip this 'cause this requires me to talk about decision theory and I've already gone on too long and I'm afraid that some of the students don't know what decision theory is and I don't mean that as an insult. I'm just going with . Okay, another thing that we can do is when we do our benefit cost analysis, which are always a part of the third stage of probabilistic risk assessment, we can weight those benefit cost analysis in terms of ethical constraints. So that for example, we had the consent told you about where poor people and uneducated people tend to end up in risky occupation. So we do a benefit cost analysis for the effectiveness of particular pollution control regulations in a particular occupational environment. What we should do is add a high negative weight of cost in that particular situation of cost that is proportional to the degree to which it is likely that those people didn't get free informed consent to the risk. So right now our situation is that benefit cost analysis has been mandated by the government. I'm sure many of you don't agree with using benefit cost analysis. My point is, if you have to use it, if it's mandated by the government then the least you can do is try and make your number show some of the ethical problems that in the past were covered up by the numbers. So use ethical ways. There's some good economies to places like resources for the future who have showed that if you use different weighting criteria some ethical weighting criteria based on Ross, some based on , some on Pareto. So according if you'd use different ethical theories, to weight your different actions or your different pollution control regulations, you can generate completely different conclusions about what is cost effective and that's fascinating. That means that we as a people, ought to be making decisions about what ethical theories we want to weight our decisions about science and technology. And one way to do it is to do alternative risk assessments so that people say, Oh! This is the conclusion you get about cost-effectiveness if you follow John Ross. This is the conclusion you get about cost-effectiveness if you follow Adam Smith. This is the conclusion you get about cost effectiveness if you follow Pareto. This is the conclusion you get about cost effectiveness if you follow the Nozick, okay? But the point is to pull all these methodological value judgements out, the ethical judgments out and let people see the effects of it. And that's just a crude solution to a difficult problem. I'm going to skip that. Let me use it quickly. Let me just use it quickly even though I don't want to go on too long. Typically, what people who do probabilistic risk assessment assume is that as the annual probability fatality increases, you have a proportional increase in the value of risk avoidance. They assume there's a really simple minded, linear relationship between probability fatality and the value of risk avoidance that is probably the value of avoiding that risk increases. Well, what I'm trying to say with these ethical weighting criteria is that there is no simple linear relationship that people have to take account of things like consent and weight risks to which people haven't given free informed consent much more negatively. Weight risks that contributed to this contributors dilemma, it contributes synergistically to undesirable health effects weight then more negatively for example. But this business being an alternative because some sort of weighting scheme this crude thing that we have right now. Another alternative that I have and this really makes scientists mad at me, another alternative is to calibrate scientists. You know how you calibrate anyone ever calibrated, any of the instruments that you've used in the lab or in the field in science quizzes? What I'm suggesting is that we calibrate risk assessors. Now, what that means is that probabilistic risk assessors vary in their estimates of risk as I told you before between roughly three and six orders of magnitude, okay? So what I'm suggesting we do is that we figure out whose predictions have been correct in the past and then on the basis of their past predicted successes, we attempt to weight the expert judgment of risk assessors about current and future societal risks. Now, one very good reason for doing that is that a lot of studies have shown that people who tend to be optimistic in one area or optimistic in another area and there's a very close relationship among assessors probably the estimates in a variety of different areas that show a lot of dependence, you know in probabilistic and statistical sense. So when we begin calibrating risk assessment, that would be a great thing to do. Some of you probably noted from the philosophy of science association but has been working with people at Johns Hopkins and he's calibrating surgeons and he's putting weights on different surgeons on the base itself of their previous successful surgeries. And of course it's can't be good to control for different variables among the patients. But I would love in my consumer reports to get the calibration figures on different medical doctors, therefore, I went to them, right? So what I'm suggesting is that this is another vehicle for using past frequency, your past predictions to sort of calibrate people for the future. One reason why calibration is so important is that most of the risks that we face are very low probability risks and they're associated with new technologies. So we don't have an established frequency record for accidents or injuries. So we really have to sort of guesstimate, in a good way to guesstimate given the dependency between the loan and given the assessors estimate is to use how successful these folks have been in the past. So in other words, in calibration we use the frequencies of past events or reading events in a sort of scoring rule to calibrate probably the estimates of the same events. When people get things, probabilistic risk assessment of nuclear power, the most famous one that's ever been done, the estimate for the different experts, largely from MIT working on understanding. The estimates of those estimates differ from roughly three to six orders of magnitude. And now that we've been generating nuclear electricity for ever since 1955, we have a good idea of the respects in which those probabilistic risk assessors were right and the way they were wrong. A friend of mine, a mathematician in the Netherlands, got all the data from Oak Ridge labs in Tennessee on the accidents in US nuclear facilities and then he took that frequency record of accidents and compared the accident frequency record to the estimated accidents but particularly like failure with pipes, steel pipe, pipe for three inches in diameter. There were all kinds of different systems that could have failed and essentially what he did was check the frequency that actually existed against the earlier predicted values. And he discovered that again, he says, these we're typically all three, six orders of magnitude. And then he developed a way to calibrate these systems. Well, I thought it was interesting because the US didn't bother to do that itself and you find that we do lots of technology assessment but nobody ever goes back and does Monday morning quarterbacking because the scientific community is so powerful. They don't want anybody checking up on it but risk assessors in the Netherlands did do that. This is an example of some the work from the Netherlands. It's just been published this year by Oxford University press. Mathematician who did this is a guy named Roger Coop but you can see that it sounded the experts estimates for way, way, way out of value. 90, not 90% but a majority of the accidents that they predicted were outside the 90% confidence intervals. In other words, they weren't there. They weren't very reliable. You can see why he needed to calibrate experts if you look at the spread in this data. The difference in estimates is so great. Now, I'm gonna close with this and we're very near the end 'cause I don't wanna go on and on and on like you're clearly getting tired. But this shows how successful people have been. When when we tried to calibrate meteorologists, weather forecasters, in other word. When you tell forecasters how correct they were or what they got wrong, they improve it and you can see the way they improved from one year to the next based on getting feedback and being calibrated. So that's the one area that I was able to dig up in the day on calibration. But most people, when you give them instantaneous feedback about their performance, do learn to do things differently. It's just interesting that we required this by meteorologists. What we don't require is other probabilistic risk assessments. So that in a nutshell, concludes some of the ways that I have to take account for both, some of the ethical problems and some of the technical problems. Let me stop there even though I remember telling you, see if anybody wants to disagree with me or ask questions or see what you wanna say at this point. Anybody? Anybody wanna disagree if you think I've been too easy on technology ? Yeah.\r\n\r\n- You said that cancer rates is growing up in the last few years. What about life expectancy? The average life span?\r\n\r\n- Life expectancy has leveled off, which most people don't know. Although we're making a lot of progress. You see life expectancy, let me clarify that statement. Life expectancy in one sense had been going up but that has been due to things like beans in nutrition, sanitation, control in certain sorts of cancers. But the way that we should expect life expectancy to go up given the progress that we've made in those other areas is not proportional because while we're gaining in areas like sanitation, for example, we're losing in all these other areas that have to do with pollution. So you'll find some very modest increases in life expectancy belong the whole life expectancies is leveling off and they've not been significant changes probably from these 10 years. Oh! When you'll be in the paper, you know, the life expectancy for .\r\n\r\n- What order of magnitude is cancer not enough .\r\n\r\n- Well, I don't wanna talk about order of magnitude and one reason why I don't wanna speak that specifically if you heard it, just say it's gone up. That's because the odds of technology assessments suggests that we weren't diagnosing cancers correctly earlier in the century. And moreover, they know that given the phishing levels of pollutants although they can't always say, they can almost never say an individual cancer was caused by a particular pollutant. Using the dose response occurs that they're using on animals and sampling the human. They can say that given increasing levels of pollutants there's been a corresponding level. It's been a corresponding increase in cancer but I don't recall that they were willing to commit themselves to a particular level.\r\n\r\n- I guess that sort of what I'm getting at is if you take a primitive society that doesn't have all of these technologies, their chances of getting cancer is a lot less with their life expectancy. It's much less as well which is more significant.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, that's a really, really, really good point. That's one reason why I wanted to say that a lot of these problems are really dilemmas. Getting healthcare delivery systems is something that usually occurs in a sophisticated technological society. It also has a lot of pollution and so that's why, you'll have people voting to keep their jobs in the logging industry and get rid of the spiral down or to keep their jobs at the aluminum smelter even though it'll kill some of their children because there's always some benefits that come from any particular risks that are there. And the problem is not a simple minded one of shedding industry dinner or having zero pollution. That's just not gonna work. It's a question of how do you balance risks and benefits and where the trade offs are? And also, I don't even think the question is so important. The question of name to the risk is important as the distributions risk. I think it's more important that the risks be distributed equitably then that could reduce overall risk. But you can see all these ethics all of a sudden just shooting up because you have a vast number of people who can pollute without someone being specifically on them. But you're right about the standard of living and the benefit. And that's exactly why I used the word dilemma.\r\n\r\n- Another example is, you would use an argument that people in the factories and stuff are exposing themselves to the risk but they're getting compensated. Once you consider that making that a personal choice is a free will not so much required but .\r\n\r\n- Well, that's why I said the sociological data again indicates unequivocally that it's education goes up, okay? And job mobility, job opportunities go up. The people who choose those risky jobs goes down and that's my whole point. Smart people with options don't take risky jobs. I mean, unless they do it for pleasure. I go scuba diving. I have a brother who parachutes. So that's different but people with options and freedom and education you aren't gonna risk the net for stupid things. All the data indicates that. So that's the problem. Do those people in the factory really consent?\r\n\r\n- I know it's my opinion but I think so. I think most .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, think about the conditions. This is a really interesting ethical question. Think about the conditions for free informed consent. The only way people interfere with your consent, is not holding your arms behind your back or putting a bullet to your head. People also mark your ballots in psychological and sociological and political ways. Women have their ballots marked from the very beginning in a certain way. So again, people have their ballots marked about what's socially acceptable, you know? So who was it who just told me that they were... Yeah, you said you weren't in when there were a lot of people smoking. I suppose it's cool to smoke. You're very insecure and you want to be cool, I guess you smoke. But that's a way that we have of societally having our ballots marked, having our choices made in ways that would certainly restrict our freedom.\r\n\r\n- Are you talking about the sociological pressure in that--\r\n\r\n- Yeah and we in part create some of that sociological pressure the society could use part of the pressure presumably what we wanna do, I think is create a situation in which more people are authentically great, right? I just feel guns but from undesirable pressures or whatever. Just trying to think about the ways in which your freedom is limited by things that you don't see. I think that's something we need here . A while ago, Barry Commoner was here and he was kind of pessimistic. He felt, I think I've got . He agreed with you of chemicals that pollute and are dangerous. And his view was regulation never works. You have to aim for elimination. And I'm just wondering if you could speak to that for a minute.\r\n\r\n- The difficulty is you can't eliminate everything.\r\n\r\n- You could but you'd have to pay what this gentlemen said, you have to pay with your standard of living. You'd have to be willing to have a loan product.\r\n\r\n- Well, maybe you can eliminate some of the worst cases. Maybe you can eliminate some of the worst cases but just to give you another--\r\n\r\n- Just the chemicals was all he was talking about.\r\n\r\n- Oh! Okay. Well, maybe you can eliminate chemical pesticides and maybe we would have to accept a lower standard of living, yeah.\r\n\r\n- Well, we never think of that in terms of risk assessment. It's a given that we're gonna accept some level of DDQ. Well, DDQ is but his attitude is that if you allow some then there's gonna be all kinds of fudging like you were talking about and they're gonna establish higher and higher standards of acceptability. And that the only way to really protect ourselves better is to just say he likes DDT as the model. Just get rid of it. There is no more DDT allowed and he thinks we should do that for all sorts of things and names of which I forget that you were conversing.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, the difficulty with that is I'm not sure that all people in all situations would say that's the greater good. Let me give you an example. One third of the pesticides we make in this country are being produced in the United States. Banned and not licensed. They don't . So one third that we produce are being produced in this country. They're shipped abroad. 40,000 people a year according to World Health Organization die from pesticide. Those people are often in developing nations. The pesticides typically come from multinational companies and from your US companies. And the question is, should those companies ship those pesticides abroad? And I just don't know. I just don't know that the answer is easier in all situations because once you start thinking about the second and third and fourth order effects, once you start thinking about all, I lose my confidence that what is right in this place in terms of banning is right everywhere else. I mean, it may be that people would starve to death or lower their longevity by 20 years or three times as many of their children would die if they didn't use these pesticides and picking those . And I just don't know. I don't know. I don't know that that works for all situations. I think you've gotta do a lot of work. I think you have to do ethical analysis. I think the ethical equivalent of the fundamentalist even has a quick and easy answer for everything. The ethical equivalent of that fundamentalist is an environmentalist or an industry person who just has one answer. And the hard way is now in every situation.\r\n\r\n- I don't have any but I think I noticed the absence of one. They all seem place and then kind of correct, protect from converging, examining assumptions. You were talking about improving the character of assumptions would narrow that down.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Does that mean that's impossible or does it take too long to be practical or--\r\n\r\n- I think that if people have to fight about assumptions and defend them, that most assumptions can't stand the scrutiny of the light of day. And once those come out, like these discount rates, they'd be gone. And then if you... If most of the members of the American public knew about the standard assumptions that were associated with this candidate, we'd never hear about this candidate again. I'm convinced of that. I don't think there's... I truly don't think often it's a question with sophisticated, ethical problem. With many cases, it's a question of just opening up esoteric methods to public scrutiny and making clear what's going on. And I guess I have a naive assumption of a liberal intellectual but once people see this, it will all stop. I know, but maybe... Anybody else? Yeah.\r\n\r\n- So I guess that's something that I worry about. Is much suggesting here is to be clearer about are and it strikes me that maybe the problems are simply a matter of understanding what the risks are by gaining political power in order to make judgements that won't risks . Can you address that?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I can. And a lot of people don't like this either but I guess I believe more in popular democracy than I do in the imposition of environmentalism. And I believe that you can educate people and empower them to correct their situation. But I don't believe that a dictator called the political change or that sort of thing is desirable or that will work and a lot of people say, why don't you just say, don't do this and you can't do that. Well, I'm not sure that it's effective. I'm also not sure that if people vote to hurt themselves they shouldn't be allowed to do so even though I wouldn't wanna do it. So I prefer to expose things to the light day and let people be aware of what's going on. I'm also an incrementalist. I don't believe that some of the most sweeping changes that are needed in this society are gonna come with any sort of repetitive. I do believe that at a minimum, people have a right to know. And if that's the first step in a long, slow, incremental process, I guess I just don't believe very much in revolutions or conversion but I do believe in slow changes.\r\n\r\n- Do you think that the regulatory measures or mechanisms are in place that once these things become public they will reach good change?\r\n\r\n- Oh! I think once the public's aware of what goes on, often the outcry is so great that the regulations end up getting changed. If the public outcry, if the public education is straightened out. I don't know what else you can do except become a fascist and impose your environmentalist among other people. That's an unfair way of putting it perhaps but I think it comes down ultimately to whether you believe more in your own philosophy or whether you are more dedicated to democracy even when it's wrong. And that's a big value. Yeah, yeah.\r\n\r\n- I get that in your last I'm wondering, can you just get down a little bit. What would happen if you perfected risk assessment in the manner you suggested? And afterwards what the result would be? What would we know? If we know that... We had a chart and when we calibrate the forecasters? We have a chart and we know something about . What do we know exactly? We know that coal is better than nuclear energy, that it's irrational to use nuclear energy. If we perfected , where would the .\r\n\r\n- Okay, presumably what we do is alternative assessment and right now we have a whole structure of administrative law and federal regulatory agencies and I think those might be changed in terms of some system of adversarial assessment with alternative assessments being done. That's what we've built into my claim about alternative assessments. And my point is that I'm not sure that people would make better decisions but I think if they saw how sensitive the alleged conclusions of experts really are to very controversial value judgements, that they would be likely to disagree. And I think the pattern for probabilistic risk assessment right now or for government through federal regulatory agencies like the food and drug administration, for example, the pattern is for the experts to deliver us some dictum, which is presented as being objective and we are somehow forced to conform. And it seems to be if we moved into the system assessment, which has already been tried in some communities in the United States, if we moved into that mode of operation, what would happen is that the experts as such would not be listened to so much as the folks doing the alternative assessments. Who could make clear the degree to which our different assumptions control by different conclusions. In other words, science could be seen to be political, which in large part I think it is. In one stack we're seeing one of the trump cards of the scientific military industrial complex. take it away.\r\n\r\n- I just need a little bit of . When you introduced the idea . I thought that you were doing that in the name of moving the assessment . Now it seems you decided different .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, but you... You typically know we get alternative methodological assumptions from people with alternative philosophical points of view. If you ask the neoclassical economists if they were probabilistic risk assessment, he's gonna tell you that energy consumption in the future is gonna be just the way it was in the past regardless of the price of electricity. If you get somebody else who's far more skeptical about those methods from a completely different social and political group for us also practicing or something else, then you're gonna get different methodological assumptions. My only claim is that you're gonna get alternative methodological assumptions mainly from different interest groups. When you read the probabilistic risk assessments done by industry versus environmental versus . Like that's just very very clear but you're right. Maybe if you ask different groups you wouldn't get alternative methodological assumptions but that's what I've seen. That the methodological assumptions are pretty predictable on the basis of the group that's doing the study. Not that they're doing something that's not objective. It's just every time they have a choice, they make a choice but in the end it served their own wants, it seems to me. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I follow up . I just would suggest that... However, you might be disappointed in the outcome of the public scrutiny, you seem to be assuming that the value structures of the person who we're making a probabilistic risks assessment are outside the norm of the society. In fact, they may represent the norm. So what might seem for example, that this county might represent a value that we all share, why not put off until tomorrow what you could be doing today?\r\n\r\n- Right.\r\n\r\n- So it sounds very... I'd definitely agree that push forward with those sorts of suggestions. I just wonder if you might not--\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I mean, yeah, yeah. What you're really saying is this is not going to create enough change. I agree, but what should the coercion will? It's like what Thomas Jefferson says, \"If you see that the people are making the wrong decisions, the solution is not to take the power away from them. The solution is to educate.\" So that's why I began by saying there's 40, 50,000 murders every year. There's an order of magnitude. Greater number of cancers go and we don't call them murder. I don't know. That's one thing we can do. We get people to think about what they do when they drive their cars or spraying their vegetables or whatever it is that they do that ask you the risk burden that we all bear. But you may be right, maybe we won't change.\r\n\r\n- I wasn't being skeptical, I was being cynical.\r\n\r\n- Haha, yeah. I don't know. Look at the way people change cigarette smoking. That's the normal. Don't you think that's the normal? Cigarette conventions have to go to third world... we don't see as much as . I believe in California and Florida, people don't smoke anymore.\r\n\r\n- What did you make of the ethics of society permitting the tobacco industry and 49% of them were caused by smoking. If you wanna talk about cost benefits, it looks like .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I don't see how people can justify cigarette smoking given the . You've seen it, environmental protection agency statistics on passive death. They're incredible.\r\n\r\n- But there's an example of the education there and it's not .\r\n\r\n- It is there. If you look at the statistics on cigarette smoking, you don't smoke or . They're either older people who can't break the habit because it's an addiction and they're primarily people from very low socioeconomic and educational practice. Statistically, that's the case. The higher the level of education, the lower the incidence of smoking. But I've seen the daily. Smokers are very poor people and old people who can't break the... Statistically, that's they case. So, I mean, it is working in a sense.\r\n\r\n- That's the majority but there's still a percentage--\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I mean it's statistically the case but it's still that you educate people and also that you have cigarette manufacturers to avoid going under they have to market the product and third world countries and relying on ads to people who are dumb enough to pay attention to them. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, most people don't. There's hundreds of little facts like that I--\r\n\r\n- That's really awful but basically .\r\n\r\n- Things change little by little by little. Maybe somebody will worry about the discount rate and in a few years we will have mandates about the way these analysis can be done . In 1959, we passed the national meet the environmental policy that mandated that we deal with rival impact analysis. It also made it that mandated that we take account of the distributed inequities among people. It resulted from certain environmental impacts demanding that because people. I would consider it unlikely that somebody mandate that we stop using a discount rate. That will come. History has shown a continual evolution in our recognition of the rights of people. Looking at how long it's taken us to recognize the interest of blacks and Jews and gypsies and and women. That's all only insane. I mean, things are coming, things are changing. Takes a long time. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I was just power industry. In some ways, this country was brought to a halt by a bunch of people who really were afraid of it but also kept doing things about it. There wasn't three mile island itself, it was the fact that same the cost. The actual cost, all the hidden costs the government was and people had to look into it more and more .","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43421/file/116325#t=0.0,2759.54939"}]}]}]}