{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/pr7mp4w81g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Ford, Richard Earl, Who Owns Research Data?"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203757 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203757"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. 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periods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=8.042,11.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, since I was at our home","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=11.895,15.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my wife and I enjoy any opportunity to come back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=15.92,19.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw Dr. Mcnabb come in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=20.51,22.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can tell you 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technician.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=28.68,31.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was waiting tables in Friday hall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=33.13,37.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the dormitory working in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=37.28,39.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They used to have a soda fountain there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=39.24,41.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working in the soda fountain and setting pins at the union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=41.09,45.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before automatic pinsetters, were even invented, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=45.31,50.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that was tough, put yourself through school that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=51.84,55.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I have to credit Sandy with a lot of the ideas I got.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=56.947,61.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With encouraging and stimulating me to go on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=62.78,67.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to graduate school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=67.37,68.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I did not plan to do 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boss,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=93.21,96.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be independent manager,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=96.94,98.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to understand the animal 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cows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=107.43,110.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and having plenty of time to think, and riding the tractor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=110.89,114.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a lonely life out 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ends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=674.36,676.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we should not press our case so far","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=677.84,680.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to depreciate the value of applied 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students","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=697.26,699.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from choosing to pursue careers in industry.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=699.65,702.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From a Harvard university president,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=704.6,707.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those are pretty powerful words.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=707.34,709.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It sounds like you was at a Land-grant 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irresponsible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=715.55,719.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And through governmental regulations want to restrict us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=719.5,723.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to only certain kinds of experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=723.163,725.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Paraphrasing Clemo Sole.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=727.129,729.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Science and technology are too important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=730.247,733.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to any longer be left solely to scientists and engineers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=733.81,737.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they impinge on every facet of life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=737.12,740.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they are too important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=741.43,743.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be left to businessmen and lawyers who populate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=743.82,746.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our formal structures of government.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=747.297,748.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well if so, that's the dilemma who owns the research data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=751.15,754.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the scientist, the engineer, the businessman, the lawyer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=754.75,757.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe our society has expected too much of 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difficulty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=776.09,779.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is caused by people who use or abuse new knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=781.24,785.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to create modern technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=785.09,786.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What kind of a person becomes a researcher?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=788.7,790.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I talked to a couple of the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=791.7,793.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going on to graduate school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=793.79,795.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A researcher must have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=796.48,797.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a real love for freedom, the adventurism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=797.87,800.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Be willing to take risks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=800.202,803.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have a real drive in seeking the truth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=803.27,805.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Honesty with regards to truth with yourself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=807.14,810.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with others is an absolute must.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=810.06,812.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My broad concern is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=813.61,814.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a few unscrupulous unethical fraudulent scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=814.73,819.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will ruin our credibility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=819.68,821.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The saddest commentaries I've read recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=821.61,823.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are those where scientists scientific laboratories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=823.87,826.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been discredited for reasons of dishonesty.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=826.66,830.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Advancement Of knowledge is based on 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host.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1280.38,1282.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here, a lot of other biological scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1283.31,1286.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are trying to find the right vector to 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fifties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1383.65,1386.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Struggling, struggling, struggling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1386.4,1389.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He could infect the plant, any plant 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out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1406.66,1408.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he was really so frustrated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1408.75,1411.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now today, the TIA 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hired.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1464.77,1468.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I looked back on that one person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1468.33,1469.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wish I hadn't let slip through my 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plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1479.86,1483.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now the tomato plants are resistant to infection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1483.19,1486.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by tobacco mosaic 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function.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1518.77,1520.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's also taking the 30-kilodalton protein gene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1522.53,1526.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from tobacco mosaic virus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1526.02,1528.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And inserted it into tobacco plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1528.14,1530.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now these transgenic plants allow tobacco mosaic 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temperatures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1536.61,1541.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at temperatures below 30.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1541.6,1543.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Even at temperatures above 30,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1544.63,1547.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the tobacco mosaic virus moves faster","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1547.38,1550.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and multiplies to a greater degree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1550.33,1553.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't know the exact mechanism there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1554.57,1556.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we know the exact gene and the protein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1556.65,1560.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that does the work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1560.18,1561.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe alfalfa mosaic virus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1561.65,1563.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has a 32 kilter kilodalton protein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1563.3,1566.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will give us the answer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1567.12,1568.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The scientists working on that have found that protein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1569.27,1572.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's the same general protein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1572.78,1575.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the translocation protein for tobacco mosaic virus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1575.48,1578.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is localized specifically in the middle of MELA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1579.89,1583.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of cell walls of tobacco.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1583.41,1585.292"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what's it doing there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1585.292,1587.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we gonna find out what the function is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1587.75,1590.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we know, now we know where it's at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1590.97,1593.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have a couple of other examples with viruses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1595.75,1599.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and since I'm a virologist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1599.02,1601.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would tend to use a more of those examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1601.72,1605.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The satellite virus in tobacco ring spot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1605.22,1608.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and cucumber mosaic viruses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1608.55,1610.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those satellites have now been inserted into plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1611.07,1616.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they act just like a plant resistance gene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1617.31,1620.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against the virus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1620.99,1623.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we've got several different kinds of examples now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1623.73,1628.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where biotechnology is going to help the plant breeder.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1629.16,1634.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Especially in cases where, for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1634.22,1638.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with septoria and soybeans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1638.32,1640.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have screened all of the germplasm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1641.71,1645.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can get our hands on at the University of Illinois","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1645.25,1648.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can not find genetic resistance anywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1648.736,1651.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those are the kinds of tough cases where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1651.17,1653.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the genetic resistance can not be found anywhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1653.58,1656.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the germplasm, well, go to the pathogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1656.75,1660.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and find out if you can find it there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1660.9,1663.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a strange thought process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1663.53,1665.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you would go to the pathogen to find the resistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1665.88,1669.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's going to happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1671.1,1672.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think there'll be many more cases like that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1672.94,1676.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who owns the right to use or to sell,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1679.99,1683.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that piece of viral RNA?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=1683.95,1686.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How far back must one reach to establish 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select,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2090.22,2092.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highly educated audience?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2092.34,2093.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember Mendel was nearly 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gaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2512.248,2516.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which suggests other experiments to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2516.2,2518.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now computers expert systems can do well at problem 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solutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2525.73,2528.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and select an alternative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2528.77,2530.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is problem solving and adequate description of 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description,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2555.29,2558.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but action occurs only when we react","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2558.78,2562.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a subconscious knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2562.45,2564.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Each of you see an event","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2565.29,2566.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and report it differently against your experience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2566.63,2569.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The majority of your background experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2570.06,2571.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is buried in your subconscious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2571.85,2575.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if it's subconscious,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2575.13,2576.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will never be able to drag it out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2576.36,2577.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and put it on a computer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2577.84,2579.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For this reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2580.02,2580.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many different models of scientific data exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2580.853,2583.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every system has its blind spots, or data gaps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2583.95,2587.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which only you can fill in with intuition ESB,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2588.37,2592.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever you wanna call it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2592.62,2593.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Expert systems will miss important information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2595.22,2599.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will call for unsuitable actions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2600.71,2603.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an unanticipated situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2603.117,2606.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sometimes behave in appropriately.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2606.3,2608.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An ancient proverb about knowledge goes something like this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2610.33,2614.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"He who knows not and knows not he knows not, shun him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2615.417,2619.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He who knows not and knows he knows not, he is dumb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2620.89,2625.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"educate him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2625.05,2626.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He who knows and knows not he knows, he is a fool, pity him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2627.01,2632.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise, follow him.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2633.46,2638.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or put in a little, a more modern context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2639.94,2643.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have basically the known,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2643.61,2646.055"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the known unknown and the unknown unknown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2646.055,2648.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know what the known is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2648.92,2650.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The known unknown comprises everything you do not know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2653.0,2656.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you know the method of gaining access to that knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2656.75,2660.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's your partial blind spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2660.43,2662.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The unknown unknown comprises everything you do not know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2663.75,2666.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and do not know that you do not know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2666.58,2669.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't even possess the language to discuss it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2669.27,2672.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the total blind spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2674.3,2675.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since the program is an expression in language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2678.55,2682.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is impossible for a programmer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2682.21,2685.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to specify procedures for dealing with cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2685.01,2688.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the unknown unknown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2688.24,2689.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some believe that the process of discovering a blind spot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2691.56,2695.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and extending the rule to remove it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2695.0,2697.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be modeled and that eventually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2699.67,2701.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll have expert systems without blindness,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2701.71,2704.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that modify their own rules.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2704.77,2706.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which presupposes, that your subconscious creativity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2707.48,2711.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is ultimately describable by rules.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2711.33,2713.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we come back full circle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2715.06,2717.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to talk about the person, the scientist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2717.61,2720.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maslow in his book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2721.9,2723.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The further Reaches of Human Nature says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2723.17,2726.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A psychology researcher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2727.157,2728.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who studied biologists and paleontologists,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2728.51,2730.951"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is a quote, \"found a peculiar paradox,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2730.951,2735.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that many good scientists are rather rigid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2735.83,2739.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather restricted and afraid of their unconscious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2739.63,2742.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not sure how you can be afraid of something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2745.71,2747.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't know about or understand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2747.68,2750.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but anyway he says, we're afraid of our own unconscious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2750.1,2753.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who tend to be orderly, neat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2753.79,2755.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"punctual, systematic, and controlled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2755.47,2758.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maslow concludes that science can be defined as a technique","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2758.22,2762.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereby uncreative people, can create and discover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2762.92,2766.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by working along with a lot of other people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2766.31,2768.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by standing on the shoulders of people who have come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2768.93,2771.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before them by being cautious and careful.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2771.893,2774.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This he calls secondary creativeness and secondary science.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2774.14,2777.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maslow puts most of us in the secondary science category.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2777.488,2781.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now he calls primary creativeness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2783.12,2785.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that which comes out of the unconscious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2785.26,2787.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I've just told you as researchers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2787.93,2789.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we cannot measure the unconscious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2789.75,2791.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He goes on to say that the classical philosophy of science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2794.08,2797.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as morally neutral, value free","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2797.24,2800.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or value neutral is not wrong, but extremely dangerous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2800.04,2803.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not only amoral, maybe anti-moral.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2804.94,2808.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Therefore I would stress again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2809.42,2810.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that science itself comes out of human beings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2810.91,2813.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and human passions, and interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2813.1,2815.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Science itself must be a code of ethics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=2815.48,2818.353"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25127/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/127/original/AV203757_Who_Owns_Research_Data_a.vtt?1620062596","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/127/original/AV203757_Who_Owns_Research_Data_a.vtt?1620062596"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25128","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203757_Who_Owns_Research_Data_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090/transcript/25128/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Narrator] Yes, great campus again. We've been here twice for extended periods. And of course, since I was at our home my wife and I enjoy any opportunity to come back. I saw Dr. Mcnabb come in. I can tell you that That I was never so happy as an undergraduate, when he needed a technician. I was waiting tables in Friday hall, in the dormitory working in. They used to have a soda fountain there, working in the soda fountain and setting pins at the union. Before automatic pinsetters, were even invented, I think. And that was tough, put yourself through school that way. And so I have to credit Sandy with a lot of the ideas I got. With encouraging and stimulating me to go on to graduate school. I did not plan to do that. And so I owe a lot to Sandy. I was raised on a farm and this gave me an excellent opportunity to learn what freedom was all about. We had freedom to fail or to succeed individually on a farm. We had the freedom to learn how to be our own boss, to be independent manager, to understand the animal welfare. We had the freedom to understand all about biology, all the countless hours of setting, and milking cows, and having plenty of time to think, and riding the tractor. It's a lonely life out there. And so a lot of ideas you can formulate when you're all alone and not interacting with someone else except yourself. It all gave me I think, a pretty good background to understand what academic freedom is all about. And all the people who are professors and teachers in the university appreciate the opportunity to have academic freedom. I will use notes because I'm a great ad libran and if I stray very far from my notes, this could turn out to be a two hour lecture instead of about 50 minutes. We, my wife and I met a year at this great university. And we have a lot of pleasant memories. I presume that you don't have to be in, you girls don't have to be an 8:45. If I go just a little past. Now I had to have my wife in at 8:45, every weekday night. That was pretty tough. Getting, leaving the dormitory, rushing over to her dormitory, getting over the library, putting in enough quality study time and have her back by 8:45. And they usually ended up with the house mother tapping me on the shoulder to go on home and get the girls inside. So, this one invitation gave me a chance to do a little thinking and a little philosophizing. And I thought about a number of titles, and I decided that who owns the resource data would be adequate to cover the topic I want to talk about. I'm going to approach it more from a philosophical standpoint than a legal standpoint. On the farm and in many parts of society, not more than 30, 40 years ago. A man was good as a his word, usually sealed with a handshake. And then couple of decades later, it seemed like a man was as good as his work, as long as it was was a written word somewhere. And finally, now it seems like a man is as good as his word only if it's in a legal document. And so, it's kind of interesting how we used to operate 50 years ago versus the way we operate now. I've talk about research because I've always been very research oriented. And research taught primarily to the undergraduates. Because the botany club is near and dear to my heart, and I was, had a lot of good activities in the botany club. Research is a careful systematic patient study, and in investigation to establish facts. A scientist not often first to see a curious phenomenon is the first to observe it. Discovery consists of seeing, what everyone else has seen and thinking, what nobody else has thought. Dissatisfied with his inability to account for it, he seeks an explanation by making various comparisons in a controlled way. Learning what constitutes a valid control is a scientist's critical decision. The control separates science from conjecture and myth. Francis Bacon, offered that the scientific method was the instrument by which man would command the forces of nature. This artist at the University of Illinois. I think captured something really unique about agriculture, on the front of our Illinois research magazine about two years ago. And I thought that there's nothing better than to have an agricultural base sustaining all of the rest of society. Who owns research data, which the scientists generate? Is it the first person to observe, a farmer? Is it the first person to record the data? Is it the first person to understand them or to publish them? Or is it the public, which pays for it? Maybe the question should be, who is responsible for research data? The responsibility of determining responsibilities remains a prime responsibility of those of us who generate knowledge. It is, is it still valid as centuries ago that scientists and philosophers should have total academic freedom to express, and explore our world? I could have the lights, George I won't need slides for a few minutes. A few scientists might still deny any responsibility to the public, other than an obligation to pursue the truth of the physical universe. They would claim that their pure knowledge is ethically neutral. And that they are not responsible for the application of that knowledge DaVinci contemplated principles of flight without any thought of intercontinental ballistic missiles. The cart invented new systems as mathematics without worrying about atomic bombs. Mendel had no thought of genetic engineering when he crossed sweet peas. Atanasoff invented a computer. And did he contemplate data banks, invasion of privacy, software, artificial intelligence? I doubt it. We're slowly coming to terms with the challenge of understanding our society, based on our frontier ethics. Remember the American Indians, believe that no one owns the air we breathe, we only borrow the land we use, and that no one can own the rain that falls. Then white man polluted the air and he developed complex water rights, and he built fences, and he made contracts, and gradually shove the Indian West then surrounded and relocated him onto reservations. Those were the frontier ethics. And now, you and I understand different kinds of ethics. We understand environmental ethics, some of which go back to the Indian ethic of life. We understand our scientific ethics and our ownership ethics. Now we even have such concept as plant protection rights and animal protection rights. Scientists stressing the rational character of their approach, claim ethical neutrality. Let someone else worry about how new knowledge is used. How can we maintain neutrality when we're obligated to hustle up money? Young scientists realize that entrepreneurship once disdain by intellectuals is now valued for science and the entrepreneur has become the new hero. The entrepreneurial approach adds stress to science, creating a dilemma because you all know who are involved in science and research. Science cannot be hurried, it cannot be compromised, and it must be verified. Right now in China, the rewards are greatest for those who can commercialize their research, or attract the largest grants from non-government sources. Sound familiar? Harvard University's President Bacow said, \"It is often said that the highest goal of the university is to pursue knowledge for its own sake, and not for the purpose of achieving specific practical results. This ideal is constantly at risk in a world where science depends on heavy support from public funds. For the public is interested chiefly in discovery as a means to new products cures, for disease or solutions to pressing social problems. Basic research in universities plays a vital role in producing the knowledge from which to derive useful inventions. Professors should proclaim the values of basic research, and should resist pressures to channel their work toward excessively practical ends. But we should not press our case so far as to depreciate the value of applied research. Or to dismiss any effort to consider the potential applications of scientific work. Such attitudes could leave and lead investigators to neglect the important problems, of genuine intellectual challenge, and might subtly discourage their graduate students from choosing to pursue careers in industry.\" From a Harvard university president, those are pretty powerful words. It sounds like you was at a Land-grant institution. Somehow the public aided by news media perceives that scientists are irresponsible. And through governmental regulations want to restrict us to only certain kinds of experiments. Paraphrasing Clemo Sole. \"Science and technology are too important to any longer be left solely to scientists and engineers because they impinge on every facet of life. And they are too important to be left to businessmen and lawyers who populate our formal structures of government.\" Well if so, that's the dilemma who owns the research data the scientist, the engineer, the businessman, the lawyer? I believe our society has expected too much of scientists. The public places great faith in the future because of science. Some see research scientists as the perpetrator of evils on mankind. Yet, they do not see clearly because discovery does not cause the difficulty. It is caused by people who use or abuse new knowledge to create modern technology. What kind of a person becomes a researcher? I talked to a couple of the people that are going on to graduate school. A researcher must have a real love for freedom, the adventurism. Be willing to take risks and have a real drive in seeking the truth. Honesty with regards to truth with yourself and with others is an absolute must. My broad concern is that a few unscrupulous unethical fraudulent scientists will ruin our credibility. The saddest commentaries I've read recently are those where scientists scientific laboratories have been discredited for reasons of dishonesty. Advancement Of knowledge is based on trust and the public trusts scientists, to be honest and truthful. What drives people to revert to extreme subjectivity or to fraud? Their ego, they're seeking a fame or fortune? I don't know, but certainly in a number of laboratories papers have been retracted and careers have been finished because of this activity. I have a list of several people and the things they've done but I think I'd rather talk about positive things about scientists than the negative things. Unfortunately there are others fortunately few, but even Tolmie, and Mendel, and Galileo were not Lily-white, when it came to correcting data. As a research scientist you have to record what you observe, period. Science has a great impact on life. Ball says that in the saga of life on earth the most significant events are probably and he lists, three. The discovery of how DNA stores information, the evolution of sexual reproduction, which retains diversity in populations in spite of selection pressure. And thus makes possible rapid shifts in response to environmental changes. The invention of genetic engineering which makes random mutations unnecessary, is a third. A marvelous new opportunity, and an awesome responsibility. Planned engineering will replace accidental mutation as the dominant mode of evolution for both genes and ideas. This most important advance of the century can be used for good or evil, by design or accident. Whose obligation is it to make that determination? Who decides what is relevant? I think the public has forgotten that scientists more than a decade ago, voluntarily self-imposed a ban on DNA research. Until we were sure of adequate safeguards. I'm saying that scientists have been responsible. Scientists say, \"We'll decide because we understand the intricacies of the system.\" The public says, \"It's too important to leave it up to the scientists.\" An example. The public prevented Steve Linder, from doing his ice nucleation experiments with genetically engineered epithetic bacteria. They were able to stop him doing research. Some other labs could keep on going because they didn't have an NSF grant, and it's all related to the guidelines for NSF money. Are these ideas and data owned by Linder, or the university of California, or the NSF who funded it or the EPA who prevented him from doing the research, who owns the data that Linder generated? Second example, a more practical one. The President of the American Soybean Association asked, Peter McPherson the head of the USAID, to stop funding grants which would teach production efficiency of soybeans in other countries. And they did, it got to the soybean program the INTSOY program at the University of Illinois, and the plant pathology, agronomy, and entomology departments. All because they were labeled production research. Now INTSOY still exists, but it now spends all of its money on utilization research. Who owns all of the decade of data generated in a 100 locations in over 40 countries, world around. The scientist, who did those soybean trials in their home country. The USAID aid, which funded the grants, the country in which the data were collected, or the university of Illinois, which tabulated summarized, analyzed and published the data. Who really owns that data? Those of you who are contemplating going into going on to graduate school. I would say the wisest student in this audience will obtain both a PhD, and basic research science preferably in an agricultural area, plus a law degree. Or better yet, Dean Dirks said, in our vet med school who used to be here, has a son getting married. He's getting his PhD in biological science and he's marrying a lawyer. I think that's the best way to go. And there, I can tell you we're gonna need lawyers in this area. Now the techniques of law and science are quite different. A lawyer is taught to take one set of data and use it to seek either a conclusion of guilt or innocence. Well, two scientists should reach roughly the same conclusions from one set of data Very different ways to use data. Those of you students should read widely all of the pioneering going on right now in science as they unfold. Because it's just amazing how the educated people are going to be right in the thick of it in the next 10 years. We've in science magazine, foreign gene transferred into maize just a couple of weeks ago. We now know that both rice and maize, and we've really had a struggle in the botanical area, getting protoplasts culture, getting callous culture, getting the plants to grow up to maturity, from these Petri dishes and flasks and so forth. Now granted, those plants are still sterile when they mature, but that's just a minor problem. The big hurdle has been gotten over. And so that's going to happen just like they do on dicots now. The whole immune system in animals is an amazing revelation. And of course we're learning much more about many of the diseases we've never understood before are directly tied to the immune system. So if you have a chance to take an immunology course, don't shy away from it. I tell my faculty that the microbes are one of the best places to study the biotechnology. Most of the plant pathogens already know how to get into the host. And here, a lot of other biological scientists are trying to find the right vector to transfer the DNA or RNA. And I suspect that we've all got them in our own labs and we're not smart enough to see it right now. And all we've got to do is use a little ingenuity. So read widely because the educated lawyer and layman, with the greatest ability to retain facts and to understand the scientific method will be in great demand to untangle various people and organizations. Scientists must sign and date every data book, strip chart, Polaroid negative, computer printout, and keep a daily diary of phone calls. Otherwise, how can you determine who owned the data? Megabucks are involved. There is great intriguing who you can talk to or confide in to obtain new ideas. Did your ideas come from sitting alone in your study, and thinking and reading? Or did some of your ideas come from discussions at the national meeting with your colleagues? Casual observations are not so occasional anymore. People really watch their conversations. And that's the sad part of this whole era right now because a decade or more ago. It was much easier to go and tell people what you're doing knowing that they would not abuse the privilege of the information that you gave them. I can remember I was a graduate student at Cornell University, going to Rockefeller University in Armand Brown in the mid fifties. Struggling, struggling, struggling. He could infect the plant, any plant almost agrobacterium tumefaciens infects a lot of plants. The gall would form but he could never complete Koch's postulates. He was, he didn't have any hair so he couldn't tear out his hair, they already torn it all out. But he was really so frustrated. And now today, the TIA plasmid is used in almost every biotech lab around the country. It's just amazing what happened in 30 years. And I hope I'm not. I can't remember whether he's, I think he's not alive now. I hope he lived long enough to even to know that there was a TIA plasmid involved. And so now the TIA plasmid can transmit DNA, interspecies, intergenre that's a laboratory tool of great power. Roger Beachy at Washington university. Incidentally, I interviewed Roger Beachy along with two other people in our faculty. And I selected somebody else. I looked back on that one of all the people I've hired. I looked back on that one person I wish I hadn't let slip through my fingers. He has taken the tobacco mosaic virus protein gene and inserted it into tomato plants, and now the tomato plants are resistant to infection by tobacco mosaic virus. The protein coat that codes, the virus particle. They just took that segment of RNA popped it into the tomato plant and now you've got a resistant plant. We called that cross protection in the old days and 15 years ago, those are the old days. And now he's been able to use that phenomenon of cross protection, in the Dubai tech area. He was the first to use plant transformation technology to directly define gene function. He's also taking the 30-kilodalton protein gene, from tobacco mosaic virus. And inserted it into tobacco plants. And now these transgenic plants allow tobacco mosaic virus to translocate. When before, it couldn't at non-permissive temperatures at temperatures below 30. Even at temperatures above 30, but the tobacco mosaic virus moves faster and multiplies to a greater degree. We don't know the exact mechanism there, but we know the exact gene and the protein that does the work. Maybe alfalfa mosaic virus, which has a 32 kilter kilodalton protein will give us the answer. The scientists working on that have found that protein and it's the same general protein as the translocation protein for tobacco mosaic virus. Is localized specifically in the middle of MELA, of cell walls of tobacco. Now what's it doing there? Well, we gonna find out what the function is? But we know, now we know where it's at. I have a couple of other examples with viruses and since I'm a virologist. I would tend to use a more of those examples. The satellite virus in tobacco ring spot and cucumber mosaic viruses. Those satellites have now been inserted into plants, and they act just like a plant resistance gene against the virus. So we've got several different kinds of examples now where biotechnology is going to help the plant breeder. Especially in cases where, for example with septoria and soybeans, we have screened all of the germplasm we can get our hands on at the University of Illinois and we can not find genetic resistance anywhere. Those are the kinds of tough cases where if the genetic resistance can not be found anywhere in the germplasm, well, go to the pathogen and find out if you can find it there. It's a strange thought process that you would go to the pathogen to find the resistance. But it's going to happen and I think there'll be many more cases like that. Who owns the right to use or to sell, that piece of viral RNA? How far back must one reach to establish precedent for legal ownership. The first person who discovered the genetic code, Watson and Crick, should he get little piece of the action? The virologist, the biochemist, the geneticist, the seed company who capitalized on the idea? Or the farmer who uses the seed? Who really owns that research data? That piece of viral RNA. Science has excited people with hope, and yet today we are frightened about technology resulting from scientific discoveries. Computer snooping, nuclear power and arms, antibiotic induced mutations, chemicals polluting our ecosystem, acid rain. Now there's even great concern about mapping the human genome. Even though by so doing, the potential to cure a certain incurable diseases is very high. I don't understand the people who don't want to know what the human genome looks like. But in fact, there are those people who are afraid to know. Surely there is some risks in technology. Pioneers set up from St. Louis unknowingly, ill-equipped for the journey westward. No companies were there to ensure their prairie Schooners, or their teams of oxen, or that there would be water at each stop. They risked their lives. Now society rights and individual rights conflict. Anyone telling you to do research without risk, is telling you don't do it. Once the research is done, the public and making policy must decide, not whether it is safe, but whether the benefits are worth the risks. The benefit risk ratio is an ideal game for the legal profession. It establishes a contest for which the rules are seldom fixed and the playing arena is mostly without boundary lines. The Delaney clause was accepted by politicians, that a hazard at any level is a hazard at all levels. This zero tolerance concept frustrates scientists. Unfortunately, the statement of risk has somehow become an accusation in our society. After the discovery, the researcher has done his job. And yet, a lay person needs no proof to claim risk using public fear. Then he asked the scientists to prove the benefit. Actual risks to human health and ecology are not empirically known. Take another slide. During our endless effort, during your endless effort to dispel ignorance and intellectual confrontation is building similar to that in the 19th century between science and religion. Scientists through controlled research, seek truth and generate data. Lawyers exploit scientific data in the adversary setting and submit them to the psychology of categorical logic. Politicians persist in defending truth by means of the methods of negotiated consensus. Van der Mark in his synthesis of a scientist says, Successful scientist, generally are well-balanced with a healthy attitude toward themselves and others. The most important element of attitude is humility because from humility flows a self-critical mind and the continuous effort to learn. On the other hand, scientists have been depicted as cold-blooded, unfeeling, critical, and even non-human. One person said the laws of nature are as impersonal and free of human values as the rules of arithmetic. It is how these laws are applied, that involve values. Scientists don't try to find something popular, or something that fits a preconceived idea, or at least they shouldn't, only what is true. But what was true yesterday may be only partly true today. In other words, the truth of Aristotle was replaced by the truth of Newton, which was replaced by the truth of Einstein, Epstein I almost said. All through research. But what then? To realize the full potential of science and technology, we must have serious sustained dialogue between scientists engineers, and social scientists. We cannot predict what use might be made of basic research. Technology resulting from research is not value neutral. With machinery we can keep people alive for prolonged periods, creating dilemmas for families of when to pull the plug. What is right? Our technologies reflect the fundamental values of the culture that created them and technology in turn, will inevitably shape our culture. We have a concern about scientific literacy in America. Do you know that half of the bills before Congress involve some aspect of science or technology. Half of the bills before Congress. The price of scientific literacy is the erotian of the democratic principles, on which our country was founded. In particular, the tradition of informed citizen participation. It's increasingly important to improve public understanding of science. How soon should scientists publish data? The media in their rush to be the first, sorry. And to be the first to inform the public demand that information be leaked ahead of publication in our peer edited journals. We espouse certain standards on repeatability, replications, where should you publish? Should it be to the widest audience? Or should it be to the most select, highly educated audience? Remember Mendel was nearly undiscovered because of where he published. What about scientific literacy in America? The scientific literacy of adults has dropped from 7% in 1979 to only 5% in 1985. The definition of scientific literacy is a reasonable vocabulary of scientific and technical terms together with a basic understanding of the process of scientific thinking Vocabulary plus a basic understanding of the process of scientific thinking. Well, here here's the story. Pre-high schoolers have no scientific literacy based on this definition. High-schoolers, BS degree, but look at the PhDs. This disturbed me. Only 18% of PhDs have scientific literacy based upon this fairly mild definition. The majority of American young people are avoiding a study of chemistry, physics and math. Only 15% take physics, 30% chemistry and barely more than half take algebra in high school. And I think unfortunately, females avoid science and math at double the rate of males. Statistical, the math basis of course gives us the statistics that we need to give a seal of objectivity today. Objectivity is a loaded word. The next to worst thing to being a fraud, is to be non-objective if you're a scientist. Now, how do you arrive at an objective conclusion, without involving feeling or moral values? Reaching sensible conclusions from statistical analysis of objective data requires subjective input. We must acknowledge the subjectivity inherent in interpretation of data in order to recognize the central role statistical analysis plays in helping integrate new Knowledge and new evidence into our existing knowledge. Few researchers realize the subjective standard methods. Realize how subjective standard methods really are. Computers have revolutionized statistics. Should the invention of the computer and the transistors, should those two guys share 1% of all the proceeds, of software sales, hardware sales? Should they be credited with giving rise to the intelligence systems and expert systems? Who should share the profits from those ideas? What are the philosophical foundations of artificial intelligence? Most designs are grounded in the assumption that intelligence consists of problem-solving. Scientists are so steeped in the tradition of logical empiricism which holds that the world is objectively knowable and that deductions about it can be tested. That equally rigorous reasoning processes of non empirical ethics, appear less valid when conclusions cannot be verified. The happiest scientist is one whose data had been verified by others. The unhappiest, whose data have been rejected or disproven. Denning, writing about the computers and intelligence believes that logical empiricism imposes on us a blindness, which presents us prevents us from seeing other possible designs for expert systems that we now visualize. I have the slide good, good timing. The mind is able to detect errors, able to change course, able to adapt behavior to enable it to achieve goals more efficiently. Two things prevent us from designing a computer program to simulate a brain. Limited knowledge and understanding of neuron functions and their interconnections and insufficient computing power. Even with super computers. Denning believes that it will be a 100 years maybe before there's sufficient computer power to begin to approach simulating the brain. I wouldn't, he has a better guest than I do I haven't been studying the brain. To simulate a brain. Will we have the required knowledge and computing power within a hundred years? Maybe not because humans process everything with it a framework of interpretation. Every human conversation has a context within which what is spoken and heard is interpreted. Humans make commitments, they assume responsibilities for action. Commitment is the source of action. It provides the motivation to deal with breakdowns or intrusions of the unknown. And I'll describe that in a minute. That can be handled only by reformulating the context of a problem so that new appropriate actions are possible. Expert systems are incapable of unformulating because there are no rules for such action. In contrast, expert rules systems process symbols without regard to meaning. In other words, we don't have a way to get that computer to have meetings. Any attempt to represent our subconscious is invisible to us so we cannot anticipate let alone program rules for an infinity of situations and blind spots. We know most of us know of many computer models of various Kinds; horn, cotton, soybean growth models with all the parameters built in, and you can keep adding and adding various components that interact with a plant's growth. Computers can help fill in the hypothetical numbers based on empirical logic. Computer models find data gaps which suggests other experiments to do. Now computers expert systems can do well at problem solving state the problem and its context, enumerate the alternatives, for solutions and select an alternative. Is problem solving and adequate description of intelligence? Probably not, because our mind recognizes patterns of behavior. Then creative acts occur to undertake new behaviors. Inherent and creativity is the invention of a new context and act outside problem solving. Artificial intelligence capably handles description, but action occurs only when we react by a subconscious knowledge. Each of you see an event and report it differently against your experience. The majority of your background experience is buried in your subconscious. And if it's subconscious, you will never be able to drag it out and put it on a computer. For this reason many different models of scientific data exist. Every system has its blind spots, or data gaps. Which only you can fill in with intuition ESB, whatever you wanna call it. Expert systems will miss important information. They will call for unsuitable actions in an unanticipated situations and sometimes behave in appropriately. An ancient proverb about knowledge goes something like this, \"He who knows not and knows not he knows not, shun him. He who knows not and knows he knows not, he is dumb, educate him. He who knows and knows not he knows, he is a fool, pity him. He who knows and knows he knows, he is wise, follow him.\" Or put in a little, a more modern context. We have basically the known, the known unknown and the unknown unknown. We know what the known is. The known unknown comprises everything you do not know but you know the method of gaining access to that knowledge. That's your partial blind spot. The unknown unknown comprises everything you do not know, and do not know that you do not know. You don't even possess the language to discuss it. That's the total blind spot. Since the program is an expression in language, it is impossible for a programmer, to specify procedures for dealing with cases in the unknown unknown. Some believe that the process of discovering a blind spot and extending the rule to remove it, can be modeled and that eventually we'll have expert systems without blindness, that modify their own rules. Which presupposes, that your subconscious creativity is ultimately describable by rules. So we come back full circle to talk about the person, the scientist. Maslow in his book, The further Reaches of Human Nature says, \"A psychology researcher who studied biologists and paleontologists,\" and this is a quote, \"found a peculiar paradox, that many good scientists are rather rigid, rather restricted and afraid of their unconscious. I'm not sure how you can be afraid of something you don't know about or understand, but anyway he says, we're afraid of our own unconscious. Who tend to be orderly, neat, punctual, systematic, and controlled. Maslow concludes that science can be defined as a technique whereby uncreative people, can create and discover by working along with a lot of other people, by standing on the shoulders of people who have come before them by being cautious and careful. This he calls secondary creativeness and secondary science. Maslow puts most of us in the secondary science category. Now he calls primary creativeness that which comes out of the unconscious. But I've just told you as researchers we cannot measure the unconscious. He goes on to say that the classical philosophy of science as morally neutral, value free or value neutral is not wrong, but extremely dangerous. It is not only amoral, maybe anti-moral. Therefore I would stress again, that science itself comes out of human beings, and human passions, and interests. Science itself must be a code of ethics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112090#t=0.0,2823.73225"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And seek values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=5.12,6.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and can uncover them within human nature itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=6.51,9.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Kantrowitz India's Article on controlling technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=10.62,14.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"democratically ,has separated up the thoughts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=14.55,17.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quite succinctly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=17.87,19.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The scientific question, can always,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=21.02,24.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know hit the Lights Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=24.04,27.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scientific question can always be separated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=27.05,29.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from any political, thus moral quest consideration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=29.23,33.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, a final political decision cannot be separated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=33.55,37.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from scientific information.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=37.81,39.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I believe the point here is that scientific, objectivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=40.83,44.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very difficult to achieve,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=44.5,46.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you have deeply held moral and political views,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=46.73,50.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about a question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=50.01,51.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You should avoid holding strong moral, or political views,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=52.04,56.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which would invade your objectivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=56.08,58.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Facts will speak for themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=59.61,61.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and should be interpreted unemotionally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=61.41,63.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of us are unable to approach any problem unemotionally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=64.91,68.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're politically motivated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=69.69,72.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"specialized in politics not in science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=72.31,74.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by our very nature, scientists aren't very good at politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=76.11,80.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and vice versa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=80.41,81.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Researchers can make objective judgements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=83.35,85.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the scientific facts,and the layman can make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=85.38,87.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the value judgment about what is right democratically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=87.81,90.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to control our powerful and vigorously growing technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=90.97,94.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Achievement of,pure research can be possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=95.66,98.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only by virtue of the freedom granted by society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=98.83,102.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because most of us are,totally on the public Dole","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=102.92,106.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just like,just like many families that don't pave science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=106.09,110.516"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as their main objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=110.516,112.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On which it depends to disregard all specific purpose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=114.46,118.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or control except that imposed by the inner logic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=118.83,122.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the discipline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=122.2,123.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The load squirrly on scientists' shoulders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=123.82,126.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to know the inner logic of your discipline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=126.38,128.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Finally, any public attempt to prevent research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=129.77,134.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of what it might lead to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=134.09,136.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be a real disaster for science,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=136.26,138.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for the freedom of 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nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=363.45,367.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how to grow soybeans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=367.45,368.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my belief there is look we've got regular 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make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=428.72,430.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make really interesting reading years later.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=431.41,435.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Student:\u003c/strong\u003e When you see a problem becoming more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=436.55,437.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more complex as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=437.55,439.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I believe what John F. Kennedy and the others said that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=441.47,444.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're getting ourselves into one of the biggest tangles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=445.86,448.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"i can imagine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=448.76,450.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's why you each need to go out there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=450.28,452.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a law degree and a PhD degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=452.12,454.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you'll make the megabucks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=454.54,456.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=456.91,457.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Would you care to comment, this data with respect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=457.743,461.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to something like a tomato harvest during California?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=464.329,465.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I, as an academician all my life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=470.802,475.802"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wanting to always see both sides of the story,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=476.24,479.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is difficult to make a decision on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=479.98,482.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I haven't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=482.82,484.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've only read what has been in the popular press on that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=484.03,487.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"i have not had access to legal transcripts and so forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=487.8,492.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so,I really don't 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controversy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=500.22,504.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is extremely interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=505.33,509.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you read a legal document like that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=509.06,510.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what, when you had fully the public information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=510.8,514.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through newspapers or magazine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=514.12,516.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so,though I don't care to make a statement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=516.53,520.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to who owns the tomato harvester","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=520.62,522.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or because that got so,terribly involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=522.79,527.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with,with the people that were theoretically put out of 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reeducate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=534.74,536.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and learn how to use computers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=536.74,538.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's for the very small segment of 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for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=616.65,618.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for strictly for science take seeking truth?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=618.27,621.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or does he give a little extra effort to Monsanto,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=621.56,624.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whichever company gives them money?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=624.84,627.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a tough time for young people to try 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administrators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=636.02,638.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put pressure on young people and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=638.45,641.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"okay, I can give you a position, you get a salary,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=641.92,645.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can give you a couple thousand bucks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=645.15,647.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a little expense 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yourself?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=650.09,652.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No scientist, was ever put under this kind of pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=652.81,655.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before, and it's not easy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=655.37,658.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's tough because I'm on the other side of the desk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=661.92,664.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"telling my young faculty this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=664.62,666.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=669.086,669.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e With respect to roll that say yet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=669.96,674.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Connecticut Engineering, the pesticide eating bacteria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=674.09,679.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even a unique construct where the word was founded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=681.31,686.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by, an industry done as an experiment station,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=687.44,692.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from somebody who is salary by public dollars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=693.97,698.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who owns that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=699.23,700.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it the investigator,is it the institution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=700.8,704.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it the industry?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=705.76,707.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can tuition patent that box licenses?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=707.06,712.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Should the investigator get any financial liberation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=716.86,720.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from developing that, critter where, where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=720.69,725.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where that's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=728.075,728.908"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's, that's, that's why the law business","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=730.44,733.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the the people that they got into agricultural law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=733.74,738.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, law relating to agriculture and the biology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=740.12,743.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are,are they've got their hands full,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=743.4,747.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because just going back to the the American-Indian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=747.13,752.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"do I own this area?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=753.65,755.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you own there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=755.09,755.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do I own that microbe in the soil that you're standing on?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=755.923,760.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or, I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=760.3,763.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=763.433,764.266"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=764.266,766.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But then you go the lawyer then asked to ask,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=770.22,774.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which one is the investigator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=774.29,775.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one that, who first observed the phenomenon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=775.57,777.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who understood what was going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=777.77,780.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you happened to publish it because you got there first?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=780.06,785.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if the, if the, if the data book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=785.41,787.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the person who first observed it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=787.87,790.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's why I said how,far back do we go in precedent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=790.33,793.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the legal machinery to set","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=793.57,795.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's why you've got the sign,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=795.94,797.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the you and deliver everything you do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=797.54,800.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=800.6,801.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=801.563,803.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think he's already been involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=805.181,806.981"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in probably an agreement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=809.781,812.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=812.283,814.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And every state, has a different relationship with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=821.357,824.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their land grant college, with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=826.047,828.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with their public servants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=829.115,830.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=832.149,834.316"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Good point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=837.756,840.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, and this whole germplasm business that Ray is involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=841.62,843.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in, I, I, who owns all that germplasm?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=843.55,847.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"does the USDA,does Ray Clark,does,does the person","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=847.04,850.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who sent it to the,to the repository?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=850.7,855.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How are you going to trace that back,to be sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=855.44,857.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you remunerate, if somebody is going to own it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=857.58,862.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then how are you going to remunerate the right person for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=862.36,865.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the ideas for the worst April?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=865.3,868.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e My first statement is subject to your advice to them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=868.08,871.358"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my objective to your advice to let,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=871.358,874.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so,many students to visit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=875.203,877.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh,yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=877.3,878.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=878.133,879.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you see here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=879.9,882.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the one hand, we're very concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=882.58,887.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other hand, in the federal register","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=889.42,891.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've already seen the publication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=891.48,893.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of regulations, on permeating process,and machinery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=894.262,897.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in place,,to regulate the release","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=897.25,901.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of some of these things can be very complex,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=901.68,904.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Very complex","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=905.76,906.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Then on top of that, we've already sold their soul","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=906.593,909.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in sense,because of the expense of doing this kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=909.1,913.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of research,in order to attract venture capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=913.21,917.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we responded with laws,allowing pathogen of lifeline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=918.76,923.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So,what's going to happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=925.03,926.824"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this free so-called free exchange?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=926.824,928.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's already been, it's already squelchs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=928.88,932.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I indicated, you don't have casual conversations anymore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=932.13,935.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't pick up your phone and call 10 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=935.56,940.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it started,being squelched that's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=940.0,944.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I see,i see a real slogan in exchange of the notion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=944.93,949.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The system will become more and more cumbersome,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=950.08,952.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I read,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=954.851,955.799"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=955.799,957.966"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The scientist of the different countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=968.73,971.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were saying, that the problem is all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=972.56,975.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so,the information and knowledge can be yours","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=976.35,981.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you come on one thing among them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=981.4,983.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the information is up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=985.12,986.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And I can agree with you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=989.14,991.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e American scientist puplished it,and they hate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=991.502,993.902"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so,what do you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=996.9,998.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=998.334,1000.584"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's not simple as it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=1005.113,1006.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=1007.933,1010.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you for the invitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=1016.37,1017.764"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(claping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=1017.764,1019.931"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25129/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/129/original/AV203757_Who_Owns_Research_Data_b.vtt?1620062603","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/025/129/original/AV203757_Who_Owns_Research_Data_b.vtt?1620062603"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25130","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203757_Who_Owns_Research_Data_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091/transcript/25130/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And seek values, and can uncover them within human nature itself. Kantrowitz India's Article on controlling technology democratically ,has separated up the thoughts, quite succinctly. The scientific question, can always, you know hit the Lights Georgia. Scientific question can always be separated from any political, thus moral quest consideration. However, a final political decision cannot be separated from scientific information. I believe the point here is that scientific, objectivity is very difficult to achieve, when you have deeply held moral and political views, about a question. You should avoid holding strong moral, or political views, which would invade your objectivity. Facts will speak for themselves, and should be interpreted unemotionally. Some of us are unable to approach any problem unemotionally, if you're politically motivated, specialized in politics not in science, by our very nature, scientists aren't very good at politics and vice versa. Researchers can make objective judgements on the scientific facts,and the layman can make the value judgment about what is right democratically, to control our powerful and vigorously growing technology. Achievement of,pure research can be possible only by virtue of the freedom granted by society, because most of us are,totally on the public Dole just like,just like many families that don't pave science as their main objective. On which it depends to disregard all specific purpose or control except that imposed by the inner logic, of the discipline. The load squirrly on scientists' shoulders is to know the inner logic of your discipline. Finally, any public attempt to prevent research, because of what it might lead to, will be a real disaster for science, and for the freedom of research. To try to make a decision not to know, is futile. Someone, somewhere, sometime will learn regardless of political influence, remember how the USSR had tried to squelch genetic research and genetic knowledge in the 20s and 30s. Too many free men were there to continue the research and eventually publish the facts. Those who argue that each piece of research must be immediately relevant to the public,are as misled as those who insist that basic irrelevant research is the only true research. Is precisely because future applications of science are unpredictable. That restrictive monitoring of science is neither plausible nor desirable. Only how it should be used after discovery, is for policymakers to determine. John F. Kennedy told the national Academy of sciences in 1961, quote, \"One of the problems of a free society is that all of the questions we must decide now are extremely sophisticated ones. Those of us who are not expert must turn in the last resort, to objective disinterested scientists who bring a strong sense of public responsibility, and public obligation.\" And maybe Harvey Brooks said it best. Quote. \"Certainly there must be some scientists who are relevant all of the time and conceivably one might ask that all scientists be relevant some of their time, but it would be the deepest of national tragedies to demand that all scientists be relevant all of the time, who owns the research data?\r\n\r\n- I didn't promised that I would answer my question.\r\n\r\n- That's why am having a million of this questions.\r\n\r\n- In what area plants animals, the physics research.\r\n\r\n- Well, the, the the plant protection rights areas is an interesting one, now that you've all been to where, the people are trying to get,the experiment station to release varieties, so,that the small companies can each put their own name, on,a variety of which may be the same as three other companies have, but that's all would all be classified information and they can each,sell this under their marketing system. The smartest,geneticists and plant breeders, as you well know ,they choose the top two or three and they've got,two dozen lines that are very close. The smartest geneticists are plant breeders, i think we'll,take, we'll Dole a couple of those out to each of the companies so,that they aren't all exactly identical, and maybe that'll help resolve the problem, But this is one of the experiment station directors work wrestling, a great deal with right now, And there's a,tremendously strong feelings on both sides, there's companies that are making the big money right now with soybean variety,it's primarily soybeans,not corn. They they're very untie, because they've got the market cornered right now, they want,competition just like the US farmers didn't want us to show anybody show the other nations how to grow soybeans, and my belief there is look we've got regular students that come to this country, they all read and speak English,if we didn't go and teach, it wouldn't take more than one or two years late time before they,can take information back anyway, and so,those are the things that we we wrestle with in this business and the whole legal issue, which I said I wouldn't get into a talk more philosophically because, each state,with its laws, are somewhat different than every other state, and it's just amazing that,vast range of of arrangements,that people have to either reimburse or not reimbursed the scientists who made this discovery or first published it, our first observant, I think you have a good example, with a tennis off on the computer that has that was resolved and now books being published about it and so forth, those are the things that make make really interesting reading years later.\r\n\r\n- [Student] When you see a problem becoming more and more complex as\r\n\r\n- I believe what John F. Kennedy and the others said that, we're getting ourselves into one of the biggest tangles i can imagine. And that's why you each need to go out there with a law degree and a PhD degree and you'll make the megabucks. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Would you care to comment, this data with respect to something like a tomato harvest during California?\r\n\r\n- I, as an academician all my life and wanting to always see both sides of the story, this is difficult to make a decision on because I haven't, I've only read what has been in the popular press on that, i have not had access to legal transcripts and so forth, so,I really don't know, for example,the,I was able to get access to the summary the legal summary to the pioneer and Holden's controversy. And that is extremely interesting you read a legal document like that, what, when you had fully the public information through newspapers or magazine, and so,though I don't care to make a statement as to who owns the tomato harvester or because that got so,terribly involved with,with the people that were theoretically put out of work because of that, people can go become reeducate and learn how to use computers, that's for the very small segment of society that was displaced by machinery or computers, or, I mean, many, many many segments of our society has been displaced, people are going welfare they go back to school, they learn another trade, so,my sympathies don't fall either way i understand,the workers, i understand the University of California, i don't think the University of California at any,any notion that they were gonna go out and select one segment of society and say I'm gonna help this segment society, and ignore this segment, i just can't believe that was true, if that was true, then each of you scientists here could be accused of the same thing, just depends upon, especially, on this in entrepreneurialship business, where we're forcing, our young scientists to go out and hustle money,and okay you get it from Chevron or you get it from Monsanto but you don't get it from Shell. Is that who sold us? does that belong to, is he able to keep his soul,out here strictly as an academician for, for strictly for science take seeking truth? Or does he give a little extra effort to Monsanto, or whichever company gives them money? It's a tough time for young people to try to keep all of their priorities in order? It's a tough time for us as administrators to put pressure on young people and say, okay, I can give you a position, you get a salary, I can give you a couple thousand bucks for a little expense money, you've got to go out and raise the rest of the money yourself? No scientist, was ever put under this kind of pressure before, and it's not easy, it's tough because I'm on the other side of the desk telling my young faculty this. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- With respect to roll that say yet, the Connecticut Engineering, the pesticide eating bacteria or even a unique construct where the word was founded by, an industry done as an experiment station, from somebody who is salary by public dollars, who owns that? Is it the investigator,is it the institution, is it the industry? Can tuition patent that box licenses? Should the investigator get any financial liberation from developing that, critter where, where where that's right.\r\n\r\n- That's, that's, that's why the law business is the the people that they got into agricultural law, I mean, law relating to agriculture and the biology are,are they've got their hands full, because just going back to the the American-Indian, do I own this area? Do you own there? Do I own that microbe in the soil that you're standing on? Or, I don't know. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- But then you go the lawyer then asked to ask, which one is the investigator the one that, who first observed the phenomenon who understood what was going on, or you happened to publish it because you got there first? And if the, if the, if the data book of the person who first observed it, that's why I said how,far back do we go in precedent, in the legal machinery to set and that's why you've got the sign, and the you and deliver everything you do, right.\r\n\r\n- I think he's already been involved in probably an agreement,\r\n\r\n- And every state, has a different relationship with with their land grant college, with the with their public servants.\r\n\r\n- Good point. And, and this whole germplasm business that Ray is involved in, I, I, who owns all that germplasm? does the USDA,does Ray Clark,does,does the person who sent it to the,to the repository? How are you going to trace that back,to be sure that you remunerate, if somebody is going to own it then how are you going to remunerate the right person for for the ideas for the worst April?\r\n\r\n- My first statement is subject to your advice to them, my objective to your advice to let, so,many students to visit.\r\n\r\n- Oh,yeah. I'm sorry about that.\r\n\r\n- What do you see here? On the one hand, we're very concerned, The other hand, in the federal register we've already seen the publication of regulations, on permeating process,and machinery in place,,to regulate the release of some of these things can be very complex,\r\n\r\n- Very complex\r\n\r\n- Then on top of that, we've already sold their soul in sense,because of the expense of doing this kind of research,in order to attract venture capital, we responded with laws,allowing pathogen of lifeline. So,what's going to happen to this free so-called free exchange?\r\n\r\n- It's already been, it's already squelchs, as I indicated, you don't have casual conversations anymore, you don't pick up your phone and call 10 years ago, it started,being squelched that's.\r\n\r\n- I see,i see a real slogan in exchange of the notion.\r\n\r\n- The system will become more and more cumbersome,\r\n\r\n- I read, The scientist of the different countries, they were saying, that the problem is all, so,the information and knowledge can be yours because you come on one thing among them, but the information is up,\r\n\r\n- And I can agree with you.\r\n\r\n- American scientist puplished it,and they hate, so,what do you do?\r\n\r\n- It's not simple as it.\r\n\r\n- Thank you for the invitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/40470/file/112091#t=0.0,1023.47755"}]}]}]}