{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/nv9959cx8v/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Cowan, Ruth Schwartz, Gender and Technology"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203954 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Gender and Technology is an October 30, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Ruth Cowan. Ruth Cowan discusses the ways that technology is gendered.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9f47h02j"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990-10-30"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Cowan, Ruth Schwartz, 1941- (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Home economics","Household appliances","Technology--Social aspects","Sex role"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Gender and Technology is an October 30, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Ruth Cowan. 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session","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=6.66,10.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the values and technology conference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=10.42,14.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I understand has been admirably put together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=14.38,16.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by my colleagues Tony Smith and Fred Evans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=16.93,19.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably others that I'm not aware of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=19.76,21.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but those two at least deserve credit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=21.75,24.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our speaker tonight is Ruth Schwartz Cowan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=25.7,29.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who wrote this wonderful book,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=29.47,31.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More Work For Mother,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=31.54,33.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's all about the ironies of household technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=34.31,38.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the open hearth to the microwave,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=38.95,41.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I can't say that I've read it carefully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=42.68,45.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from cover to cover,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=45.32,46.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I have been looking through it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=46.153,47.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more and more the last several days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=47.93,50.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one of the subjects that Professor Cowan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=50.85,55.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"takes up in her work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=55.64,57.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the common idea that we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=57.68,61.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women in the household have less work today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=61.38,65.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of modern technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=65.01,66.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the microwave,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=66.84,68.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the washing machine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=68.09,71.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the refrigerator, and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=71.52,73.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and she includes in her history wonderful pictures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=73.94,78.476"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of early laundry machines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=78.476,81.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and follows them right up into the present,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=81.1,85.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reading this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=86.53,87.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm thinking about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=87.52,89.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Made me remember as a child fond memories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=89.35,94.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of going to the laundromat with my mother,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=94.6,97.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sitting in the middle of a Chicago February Winter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=97.29,101.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"right next to the dryer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=101.77,103.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then jumping 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laundromat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=107.23,110.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My mother was in town this weekend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=110.54,111.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as I was talking to her about professor 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year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=228.41,230.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with that I welcome her to Ohio State.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=230.11,232.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=244.55,247.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you hear me reasonably well without that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=248.74,251.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=251.73,253.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, if there's an echo that comes this way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=253.48,257.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means I hear myself twice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=257.54,260.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if I begin to sound a little silly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=260.99,263.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's because I'm hearing myself twice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=263.31,265.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Technology and gender is the subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=273.03,277.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I agreed to speak on tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=277.66,280.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and having spoken on that subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=283.56,285.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot in the last 15 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=285.61,290.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know that most people find it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=291.11,293.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a really strange juxtaposition of terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=293.92,297.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So part of what I'm going to try to do tonight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=302.27,306.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is ask why we find it such a strange juxtaposition of terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=308.17,313.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the business of scholars to look.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=316.16,320.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's strange juxtapositions of 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by,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=328.55,333.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never even noticing that they intersect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=333.12,335.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with each other or 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hours,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=341.77,343.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I hope we won't be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=343.36,344.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I started to tell you how I 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tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=360.72,363.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the technique.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=363.85,367.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The rubric that I'm going to use to talk about it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=367.01,369.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in a way to create in my mind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=369.97,374.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and your minds I 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other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=380.98,385.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ask, what does this intersection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=387.8,390.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where gender and technology meet look 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by?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=397.84,399.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How can I describe the landscape?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=399.36,402.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This place that I've spent a lot of time looking at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=402.72,405.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which most people until recently","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=405.49,408.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"didn't spend a lot of time looking at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=408.96,410.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does it look like?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=410.107,412.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And why bother spending time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=412.21,414.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at that intersection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=414.16,415.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between those strange categories?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=415.94,418.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in describing that intersection to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=420.84,423.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the principal thing among several other sub principle things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=423.62,428.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm going to try to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=428.8,431.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is explicate why that intersection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=431.1,435.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sounds and looks strange to most people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=435.53,440.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So let me start by being definitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=441.45,444.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least about something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=444.17,445.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do we mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=447.64,448.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what do I mean when I say technology?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=448.473,450.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do I mean when I say gender?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=450.93,452.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you may be familiar with one or both of those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=452.76,457.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of either of those terms, but not both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=457.28,460.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So very quickly, for those of you who don't know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=460.24,463.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why we talk about gender these 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years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1237.56,1239.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my test tonight, at least in part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1242.14,1244.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to tell you something about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1244.72,1246.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what that traffic's been like.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1246.97,1248.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I look at the intersection now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1251.06,1253.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's crowded, it's filled with books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1254.66,1257.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and journal articles written by scholars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1257.74,1259.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's filled with some books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1259.66,1261.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and magazine articles written by journalists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1261.53,1264.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not by scholars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1264.35,1265.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not crammed mind you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1267.01,1268.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's a lot more there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1268.51,1270.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than there was 15 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1270.61,1272.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's not quiet anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1274.8,1276.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's become a modern academic parlance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1278.78,1283.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a contested terrain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1284.88,1286.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lot of people are arguing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1288.52,1290.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of the argument is in my judgment hot air.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1291.04,1295.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the intersection tends to be a bit 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about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1305.65,1307.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm doing in this intersection,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1307.873,1310.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but once you've gotten through the when,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1310.51,1313.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to continue in the same visual metaphor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1315.6,1319.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I've been using.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1319.66,1321.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some pretty solid structures in this intersection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1321.01,1323.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some pretty solid 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fuel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1353.01,1354.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that when it's burning nicely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1354.7,1356.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it makes our economy 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ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1366.54,1371.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what happens to people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1371.14,1373.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when new technologies come into their lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1373.27,1376.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a lot more philosophers in this on these roads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1379.04,1382.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than there used to be 15 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1382.05,1383.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including some who teach here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1383.88,1386.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were even a few dean's of engineering 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them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1397.29,1400.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that gender is something they have to do something about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1400.04,1405.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that it's getting increasingly difficult to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1406.312,1410.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every once in a while as I look over these roads.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1410.24,1413.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this intersection, I even encounter an industrialist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1413.86,1417.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or entrepreneur along the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1417.23,1419.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought I sometimes suppose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1419.34,1421.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the industrialists and entrepreneurs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1421.77,1424.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are in cars but are being driven by their daughters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1424.7,1428.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nonetheless, they are there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1428.3,1429.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and occasionally have something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1429.84,1431.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say on the subject as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1431.76,1433.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what do the avenues look like now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1437.33,1441.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What does the intersection look like now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1442.77,1445.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't got enough time actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1445.37,1447.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to describe all the avenues to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1447.55,1449.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'm going to start this section of my talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1449.87,1454.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by very quickly telling you about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1454.11,1455.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ones that I'm not gonna say much about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1455.92,1458.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We know a lot more about the uniquely female","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1460.66,1464.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and uniquely male technologies today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1464.19,1467.145"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than we did 15 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1467.145,1470.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a whole book now on the history of the baby bottle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1470.21,1473.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a raft of journal articles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1474.85,1477.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for what some of you I hope will realize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1477.2,1480.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are obvious reasons about the history of the condom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1480.65,1483.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We even know much more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1485.17,1487.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the history of birth control devices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1487.08,1489.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than we did 15 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1489.38,1491.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and because of various other new technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1492.18,1495.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's unlikely that particular avenue will ever,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1495.84,1500.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at least not for the foreseeable future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1501.54,1503.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be desolate again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1503.82,1505.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All kinds of things are changing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1505.87,1507.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about reproductive technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1507.92,1509.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Literally, I have been reading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1512.48,1515.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of newspapers in the last week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1515.37,1517.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I usually don't get to read the newspaper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1517.7,1520.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except when I'm on airplanes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1520.02,1521.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've been on airplanes a lot in the last weekend.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1521.54,1523.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can tell you that between Sunday and Tuesday,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1523.64,1528.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1529.73,1531.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of losing track of time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1531.32,1532.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there have been five articles in the New York Times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1534.24,1537.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about new reproductive technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1537.43,1539.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or aspects of new reproductive technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1539.72,1543.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's unlikely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1544.36,1545.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all the things that are coming down the pike","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1546.24,1548.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to be as unexamined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1548.38,1550.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as some of the things that came down the pike","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1550.93,1553.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10, 15, 30 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1553.33,1555.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed, that's the area in which I'm myself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1557.49,1559.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"doing my own research now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1559.7,1561.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I can tell you that there's a lot of activity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1561.777,1565.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on that avenue right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1565.53,1567.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm not gonna talk about it terribly much tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1569.57,1573.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also know a lot more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1575.17,1577.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the technologies that women use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1577.24,1579.382"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they are engaged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1579.382,1580.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in what's called market labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1580.83,1582.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is when they're getting paid for their work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1582.13,1584.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15 years ago, for example, I could assert definitively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1585.9,1590.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we didn't even know the history of the typewriter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1590.0,1592.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let alone the impact of the typewriter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1592.41,1594.291"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the work that people do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1594.291,1598.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there is an entire book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1598.06,1600.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the history of the typewriter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1600.07,1602.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and furthermore, there have been numerous studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1602.54,1605.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sociological literature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1605.21,1608.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what happened not very long ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1608.5,1612.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in printing industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1613.08,1615.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when typography was computerized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1617.18,1622.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the typographers were almost entirely male,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1624.02,1628.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both in this country and in other countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1628.93,1632.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were replaced by females, by women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1632.21,1637.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when the keyboard on which typography was done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1637.07,1640.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was replaced by the QWERTY keyboard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1640.73,1643.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one that women know how to use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1643.56,1645.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I offer that to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1647.53,1649.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as only one example of a raft of studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1649.08,1652.645"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have been done in the last 15 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1652.645,1655.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That look at the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1656.75,1658.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how women differ from men in the marketplace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1658.08,1663.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how those differences affect both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1664.83,1668.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The introduction of new technologies into the workplace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1669.92,1673.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the way in which people's work is affected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1674.48,1678.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the introduction of those technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1678.06,1681.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We now know for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1682.88,1685.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women differ from men as workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1685.17,1688.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in several crucial characteristics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1688.9,1691.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most salient of which is that they get paid less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1692.37,1696.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and will work for less than men do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1696.04,1699.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the next most salient of which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1699.7,1702.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that they tend to have less training,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1702.35,1706.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be willing to pursue less training than men do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1706.17,1711.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we now know enormous amounts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1713.36,1715.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very difficult to summarize and so I won't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1715.75,1718.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how those two characteristics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1720.2,1723.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The ways in which women differ for men in the marketplace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1723.74,1727.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"affect the rate of technological change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1727.41,1731.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because after all if you think about it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1731.0,1733.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when businesses make capital decision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1733.9,1736.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to invest a lot of money in the new technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1736.23,1739.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the principal reasons, not the only,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1739.27,1741.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but one reason for wanting to do it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1741.98,1744.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to make more money,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1744.38,1745.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one way to make more money is to save on labor costs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1745.64,1748.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you can replace expensive labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1748.76,1751.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with less expensive labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1751.41,1753.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you save on labor costs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1754.72,1756.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one easy way to replace more expensive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1756.33,1760.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with less expensive labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1760.91,1762.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to replace men with women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1762.87,1765.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this process has been very carefully examined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1768.98,1771.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by a fairly large number of scholars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1771.73,1773.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you want to learn more about it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1773.76,1775.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can recommend to you a book","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1775.57,1776.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I happen to have with me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1776.785,1779.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I'm gonna quote something from it later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1779.19,1781.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I don't run out of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1781.73,1783.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Machinery Of Dominance it's called,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1783.95,1786.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its subtitle is women, men and technical know how.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1786.15,1789.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's by Cynthia Cockburn,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1789.05,1790.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's an examination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1793.43,1794.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very careful and superbly well done examination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1794.91,1798.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of four different workplaces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1798.51,1800.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which technological change has intersected with gender,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1800.16,1805.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what happens when that intersection occurs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1807.93,1812.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one thing that is clear from all of those studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1815.38,1820.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I will refer to again as my talk goes on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1820.75,1824.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that gender segregation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1826.21,1831.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a common phenomenon in the workplace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1832.84,1836.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and technological change doesn't change it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1836.76,1839.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gender segregation means that women do some work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1841.18,1844.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and men do different work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1844.63,1845.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was true in the 19th century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1849.75,1853.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it remains true today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1854.3,1856.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes, when you look at it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1857.78,1859.699"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a historians perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1859.699,1861.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occupations change gender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1862.64,1865.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some jobs that were once men's jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1865.98,1869.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have become women's jobs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1869.05,1870.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example typography","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1870.34,1872.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the setting up in time of newspapers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1872.0,1875.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Incidentally, we don't have any examples of jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1877.75,1880.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were one once women's jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1880.71,1883.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have become men's jobs with one exception,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1883.91,1887.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's the delivering of babies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1887.01,1889.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which used to be midwifery,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1889.18,1890.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but which is now obstetrics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1890.72,1892.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are lots of examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1894.05,1895.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which jobs change gender,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1895.42,1897.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they still remain gendered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1899.72,1901.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if you look at the workforce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1903.665,1905.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will discover that the vast majority of women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1905.35,1909.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are doing women's jobs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1909.64,1911.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the job they do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1911.37,1913.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is also done by a large number of other women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1913.01,1916.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the same is true for men,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1916.05,1918.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the technological change does not alter that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1918.96,1921.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although you would think that it might.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1921.64,1923.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you really needed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1925.14,1926.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of upper body strength to do a job,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1926.06,1928.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they automated pulleys in the workplace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1928.33,1931.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you didn't need that strength any longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1931.19,1934.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You think well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1934.05,1934.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then maybe they'd split it up half and half.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1934.883,1937.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would be half men and half women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1937.53,1939.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just go out on a construction site sometime,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1939.19,1942.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look at how much upper body strength it takes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1942.42,1944.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to drive the..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1944.96,1947.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's it called?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1951.56,1952.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The thing with the big teeth that digs?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1952.393,1955.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Caterpillar?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1957.433,1958.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the Caterpillar is the company that makes it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1958.66,1960.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's a specific name for the device.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1960.57,1964.589"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e High steam shovel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1964.589,1965.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e High steam shovel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1965.61,1966.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't need terribly much upper body strength","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1967.8,1969.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do that any longer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1969.84,1970.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although you needed a lot of upper body strength","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1970.94,1972.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do it when you did it with a shovel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1972.7,1975.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but women haven't started filtering into that occupation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1975.32,1980.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Uh, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1980.3,1981.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are however two rows that feed into this intersection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1983.97,1987.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I am gonna describe in somewhat more detail","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1987.5,1990.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than I've let myself describe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1990.66,1992.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The road of uniquely gendered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1994.15,1998.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or uniquely sexed technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=1998.47,2001.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the technologies with which each gender does its work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2001.2,2005.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the first of those roads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2008.02,2009.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the third of the ones that I mentioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2009.53,2011.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I was giving my earlier survey,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2011.78,2015.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's the road of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2015.03,2017.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might say women engineers and inventors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2017.17,2020.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15 years ago, I thought part of the reason","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2024.12,2025.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we didn't know much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2025.92,2027.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or we thought that there had been so few women inventors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2027.5,2032.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so few women engineers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2033.01,2035.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was that nobody had looked carefully,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2035.16,2037.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that this was in the early phases of women's history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2037.49,2041.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were discovering that there were women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2041.46,2045.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all kinds of places that nobody had ever told us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2045.08,2048.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were women before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2048.08,2049.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the heady exciting things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2050.52,2052.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about women's history and women's studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2052.57,2054.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some fields, it still is exciting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2055.806,2058.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the discovery of what women have done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2058.4,2062.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I thought 15 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2062.71,2064.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That if only somebody looked hard enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2064.62,2067.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and knew the places to look in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2067.14,2069.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'd find hordes of hidden women inventors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2069.43,2073.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and armies of unknown women engineers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2073.73,2077.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, lots of people have been looking for 15 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2077.33,2080.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of ink has been spilled on this issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2080.8,2083.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of really weird stones have been turned over,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2083.71,2086.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I have to tell you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2086.96,2088.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the end result is that there aren't many.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2088.0,2090.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There wasn't anybody under some of those stones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2093.16,2095.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or some of the people that were said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2095.93,2098.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have been under those stones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2098.04,2099.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turned out to be fictions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2099.37,2100.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of various other people's imaginations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2100.72,2102.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the interesting question on that road that leads","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2104.96,2109.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the intersection of gender and technology is one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2110.68,2115.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then exploring that road.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2117.512,2120.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just give you some data","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2120.03,2121.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give you some idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2124.2,2125.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what is so strikingly absent on that row.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2125.49,2130.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1986, which was the last year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2134.37,2136.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for which I could get the data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2136.75,2139.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were roughly 2,600,000 engineers in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2142.18,2146.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 4% of whom were women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2148.06,2150.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six years before that in 1980,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2154.45,2157.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were 1 million, roughly 800,000 engineers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2157.05,2161.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whom 3% were female.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2161.73,2164.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in those six years, the percentage of women engineers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2165.79,2170.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rose from three to 4%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2171.39,2173.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's look at some other fields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2177.49,2179.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or let me tell you about some other fields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2179.03,2182.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what was happening in those fields at the same time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2182.67,2185.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we don't look at scientists but we..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2188.87,2190.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sorry, we don't look at engineers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2190.38,2191.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we look at scientists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2191.84,2193.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1980, 23.4% of all the scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2195.15,2200.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States were female,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2200.29,2202.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in 1986 that had gone up to 28.1%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2202.46,2207.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But since the category of scientists lumps together,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2209.85,2214.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything from high energy physicists to psychologists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2214.6,2219.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me separate it a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2222.41,2225.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tell you that for physical scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2225.89,2230.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is physicists and chemists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2231.05,2233.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think also geologists are included in this figure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2234.62,2237.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10.3% of them were women in 1980,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2239.93,2242.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 13.9% in 1986.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2242.86,2247.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Computer specialists, a category which includes programmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2250.37,2255.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were 28.7% female in '80","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2257.65,2262.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 29.7% in '86.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2262.193,2266.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I didn't think to put those on an overhead projector","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2269.07,2273.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or find any other way to project them to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2273.18,2275.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'm going to just repeat them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2275.53,2277.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by way of emphasizing them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2277.19,2279.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Only 4% of all the engineers in this country are women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2280.42,2285.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that can't be explained by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2287.47,2290.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what it's frequently explained by.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2293.5,2296.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The notion that women tend not to take","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2297.32,2300.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much math in high school and college as men do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2300.99,2305.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if that were the explanation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2307.582,2310.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we would expect to find only four or 5%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2310.17,2314.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all the scientists in the country being female,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2314.96,2319.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and instead it's 23.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2321.65,2323.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry, 28 today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2323.75,2325.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in '86, the latest data is 28.1%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2325.05,2327.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a little over a quarter of all scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2327.933,2332.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even if we wipe away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2332.09,2334.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those who are in the biological and psychological scientists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2334.03,2337.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just look at physical scientists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2337.05,2340.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are still more physical scientists who are women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2340.0,2342.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than there are engineers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2342.68,2344.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll just give you some other data,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2347.81,2349.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to again continue to explore and emphasize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2349.54,2353.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how strikingly odd this figure is, that 4%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2353.56,2358.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you in this room are old enough to know","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2363.48,2365.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the real push for affirmative action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2365.92,2369.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in educational institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2369.77,2372.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"began somewhere in the late 1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2374.32,2378.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in 1960, if we look at educational institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2382.12,2386.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and look at the degrees that they were granting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2387.92,2391.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see the following things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2391.14,2392.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"5% of all the degrees in medicine in 1960 went to women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2394.61,2398.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1986, the figure was 30%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2400.78,2403.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not where people had hoped it will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2406.53,2408.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's a lot better than it used to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2408.59,2410.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that 26 year period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2410.89,2415.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Same thing happened in law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2415.56,2417.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"2.5% of all the law degrees in 1960 went to women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2417.25,2421.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"39% went in 1986.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2421.6,2424.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In engineering, in 1960, 4/10 of the percent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2430.18,2435.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A home unit of difference even for medicine and law.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2439.41,2444.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1986, that was up to 12.6%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2448.77,2452.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dentistry, which is the only other professional career","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2455.01,2460.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either anywhere as law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2460.06,2462.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in it's percentage of women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2462.02,2464.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as engineering was .8% in 1960,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2464.36,2468.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's gone up to 22% in 1986.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2468.6,2472.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the reason why I've said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2476.25,2478.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"repeating what a whole lot of other people have said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2478.45,2481.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why I'm saying tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2481.53,2482.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"repeating what a whole lot of other people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2482.61,2485.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have said in other places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2485.65,2487.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that either engineer and engineers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2489.72,2494.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the most resistant to the incursion of women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2496.25,2501.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into their educational institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2504.18,2507.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and work places of all the professions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2507.18,2510.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or and both are equally possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2510.82,2513.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engineering is the least most attractive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2514.7,2517.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all the professions to women","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2519.36,2522.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and either way why should it be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2523.57,2528.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Either that engineers are the most resistant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2530.31,2534.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More resistant than lawyers and physicists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2534.79,2537.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and doctors and professors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2537.9,2541.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that engineering is so overwhelmingly unattractive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2544.257,2549.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, they probably influence each other in some way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2551.57,2555.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but why should it be engineering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2555.57,2557.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the absolute pits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2557.64,2559.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as young girls, young women are concerned?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2559.12,2563.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, a lot of ink has been spilled over that question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2566.89,2569.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not least of it in the journals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2570.92,2573.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which engineering educators talk to each other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2573.09,2576.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they've been,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2577.49,2579.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least some of the ones that I know of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2579.47,2582.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working as hard at the coordinator action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2582.01,2586.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which may not be enormously hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2586.16,2588.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or as hard as us focusing women studies with line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2588.41,2591.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they've certainly been working at it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2591.8,2593.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as the medical schools","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2593.11,2595.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as much as the law schools,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2595.07,2597.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much as the graduate schools of history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2597.57,2599.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or physics have been working at it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2600.91,2603.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the least results up to the present.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2603.49,2608.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, let me just tell you briefly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2610.72,2612.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what some of the answers to that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2612.89,2615.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gonna continue the metaphor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2617.2,2618.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are some of the answers to that question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2618.77,2620.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had been coming down the pike","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2620.46,2622.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last 15 years?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2622.01,2623.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why are there so few?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2623.95,2625.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why is there so much resistance in engineering?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2625.81,2629.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or why is engineering so unattractive?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2629.41,2633.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some say the answer is class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2633.09,2635.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is social class,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2638.23,2639.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not other kinds of class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2640.56,2642.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the young women with training","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2642.96,2646.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"adequate to become an engineer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2646.54,2648.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the young women who have taken","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2648.53,2650.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the math and science and computer science courses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2651.53,2654.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one would need even to begin to contemplate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2654.61,2657.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to engineering school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2658.66,2659.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or being an engineering major","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2659.76,2661.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tend to be middle class,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2661.54,2662.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that engineering historically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2664.84,2667.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has attracted young people from the working classes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2667.14,2671.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the middle classes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2671.33,2672.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that as argument goes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2675.16,2678.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those young women who are willing and able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2679.14,2682.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"go into science, go into medicine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2683.67,2686.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't go into engineering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2686.41,2687.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one possible explanation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2689.16,2691.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others say it's biology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2691.21,2692.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The argument from biological determinism goes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2694.27,2697.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example that women's brains are different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2698.13,2701.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from men's brains,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2701.37,2702.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there are certain 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well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2706.42,2709.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like be super good at spatial relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2709.31,2712.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which it happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2712.34,2715.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that young women tend to test slightly worse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2715.34,2718.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than young men do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2718.68,2719.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's one of the few aptitudes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2719.52,2723.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which there is actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2723.07,2724.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"appears to be even when you do a meta analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2724.47,2726.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and regression analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2726.87,2728.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and try to wipe away all the variables.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2728.08,2730.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems to be one of the few aptitudes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2730.37,2732.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which you can really see a difference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2732.62,2734.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although it's not a very great difference,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2734.46,2736.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so there are people who have been arguing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2737.54,2739.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women's brains just don't suit them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2739.27,2742.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the kinds of things that engineers have to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2742.44,2745.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others say that it's the nature of the employment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2748.18,2752.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That engineers tend to work in industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2754.68,2758.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"industry tends to require a great deal of overtime,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2758.3,2761.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engineers have to travel a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2761.3,2763.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and traveling a lot and having to work overtime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2763.62,2766.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are exactly the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2766.21,2767.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women don't want to have to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2767.27,2770.152"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they wanna have children","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2770.152,2772.618"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they can't combine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2772.618,2775.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are all kinds of careers it said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2775.57,2777.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which you can combine child rearing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2777.8,2780.844"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but engineering is not one of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2780.844,2782.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may have..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=2786.42,2787.433"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27229/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/229/original/AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_a.vtt?1622140730","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/229/original/AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_a.vtt?1622140730"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27230","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550/transcript/27230/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- In the philosophy department, this is the third session in the values and technology conference, which I understand has been admirably put together by my colleagues Tony Smith and Fred Evans, and probably others that I'm not aware of, but those two at least deserve credit. Our speaker tonight is Ruth Schwartz Cowan, who wrote this wonderful book, More Work For Mother, and it's all about the ironies of household technology, from the open hearth to the microwave, and I can't say that I've read it carefully from cover to cover, but I have been looking through it more and more the last several days, and one of the subjects that Professor Cowan takes up in her work is the common idea that we have that women in the household have less work today because of modern technologies, like the microwave, and the washing machine and the refrigerator, and so on, and she includes in her history wonderful pictures of early laundry machines and follows them right up into the present, and reading this, I'm thinking about it. Made me remember as a child fond memories of going to the laundromat with my mother, and sitting in the middle of a Chicago February Winter, right next to the dryer, and then jumping down and chasing my sister and my brother around the little aisles of the laundromat. My mother was in town this weekend and as I was talking to her about professor Cowan coming and talking to us, and my reflecting about doing laundry. I asked her about that, and I asked her if she had as pleasant memories as I did. She said Gary, do you know how often I went to the laundromat? I said no. She said we had four children between the ages of two and eight. We had four children in diapers. Two children in diapers for at least four years. I went to the laundromat every day. So thinking about professor Cowan's thesis that we haven't really gotten anywhere, I said, how often did grandma do laundry on her farm up in Mason City? My mom thought about it, and she said every day, and then I started thinking about Karen and Mia's household, and mom turned to me and said, how often do you guys do laundry? Every day. Professor Cowan can explain why we typically think household chores have gotten easier when in fact it's not clear that they have at all. She is a professor in the history department at the State University of New York at Stony Brook. She recently was the Sherman Fairchild distinguished scholar in the humanities and social sciences division at California Institute of Technology. We've asked her to speak on the topic of gender and technology, and she'll come soon to do that as soon as I tell you that she has a new book just out that she has co authored with her husband, Neil Cowan called Our Parents' Lives, and it's an oral history of Eastern European immigrants Jews. Professor Cowan has also been the director of women's Studies at Stony Brook until this year, and with that I welcome her to Ohio State.\r\n\r\n- I'm gonna experiment for a few minutes because this is a somewhat weird room. Can you hear me reasonably well without that? I have to use it. Okay, if there's an echo that comes this way, which means I hear myself twice. So if I begin to sound a little silly, it's because I'm hearing myself twice. Technology and gender is the subject that I agreed to speak on tonight, and having spoken on that subject a lot in the last 15 years, I know that most people find it a really strange juxtaposition of terms. So part of what I'm going to try to do tonight is ask why we find it such a strange juxtaposition of terms. It's the business of scholars to look. I think it's strange juxtapositions of terms of intersections between categories that most people just fly by, never even noticing that they intersect with each other or not, caring that they intersect with each other. We could be here for several hours, which I hope we won't be. If I started to tell you how I began to get interested in this strange intersection where technology and gender meet, but it's that intersection that I chose to talk about tonight, and the technique. The rubric that I'm going to use to talk about it is in a way to create in my mind, and your minds I hope, the image of an intersection. A place where roads meet each other and ask, what does this intersection where gender and technology meet look like? What's in it? What's it populated by? How can I describe the landscape? This place that I've spent a lot of time looking at, which most people until recently didn't spend a lot of time looking at. What does it look like? And why bother spending time looking at that intersection between those strange categories? And in describing that intersection to you, the principal thing among several other sub principle things that I'm going to try to do is explicate why that intersection sounds and looks strange to most people. So let me start by being definitive at least about something. What do we mean, or what do I mean when I say technology? What do I mean when I say gender? Some of you may be familiar with one or both of those. One of either of those terms, but not both. So very quickly, for those of you who don't know why we talk about gender these days instead of talking about sex, which is what we talked about when I was starting out on this scholarly enterprise. Gender can best be defined by an analogy. Gender is to culture as sex is to biology, or gender is the cultural trappings that every culture has written sort of on top of the fundamental sex differences. There are two sexes and a couple of inter sexes, and those are biologically defined, or biologically determined. They are biological differences between people, but gender is something else. Gender are the social creations that we human beings make around those biological differences. That on the hole in our culture. Women can wear these days skirts or pants but men can't wear skirts and pants. It's a cultural trapping. Attire is a gender characteristic. We talk about gender roles, meaning those things that the culture considers it appropriate for one sex to do and those things that the culture thinks it's appropriate for another sex to do, knowing fully well that there are other cultures who define gender in different ways. There are some cultures in which women are thought to have a great deal of upper body strength and as a consequence of that, or we think as a consequence of that, water carrying is a job that women do, and there are other cultures. Ours is one of them, in which women are thought to not have very much upper body strength. You know, that's the reason why girls can't play football as well as boys can because boys have big chests and they can lift things. Those are gender characteristics. They are cultural characteristics that we construct as a culture, on top of or in between, or underneath the differences that biology has created. So it is no longer fashionable as some of you may know to talk about women studies. In fact, the program that I directed until this year, which was called the women's studies program until this year is soon going to be renamed as the gender studies program, and it's no longer fashionable in certain circumstances to talk about sex roles. We talk about gender roles. So much for gender. Technology I interpret more broadly than most people interpret technology. It's those combinations of artifacts that is objects or natural resources that have been altered by humans that we create and use in order to achieve our goals. Most of my students when I asked them, and I always do at the beginning of the semester when I teach courses in the history of technology. I say what is technology, and they write down things like automobiles, computers. Never a dishwasher, only automobiles and computers. Every once in a while a microwave, oven gets on the list, but the definition that I've given you is a little broader than that because it can include things like bridges and buildings, which most people don't think of as technologies, but which are. But it can also include things like calendars, which are human construct that we make out of natural resources. The motions of the heavenly bodies that nature provides us with in order to achieve certain goals. That is to be able to know what day you have to pay your taxes on or on what day the guy down the river is going to arrive with a shipment of apple cider or whatever it is he's shipping. So technology's not just modern things that we'd like to buy to put in our homes and offices. It's all those combinations of artifacts that we put together in order to accomplish our goals, and I have to point out to, although it's a digression from what I'm gonna talk about tonight, that historians of technology get very upset when people talk about the present day as a technological edge. All ages of human history have been technological ages, because as far back as we can know anything about human beings, they have fashioned tools in order to help them achieve their goals. A stone spear is as much a technology as a computer is. Human beings are naturally it appears technological. It may be true that technology is changing faster in our day than it used to change, and it may also be true that we are much more dependent on each other because of our technologies than people used to be, but it's not because we've got more of it. It's because it's different. Now that I've said definitive things defining my two terms, I'm going to start trying to describe the intersection in which these two terms meet. Now 15 years ago, I was asked to do the same thing, that is describe this intersection for a bicentennial meeting of the society for the history of technology in which all of us folks were being asked because it was the bicentennial year to take a long view and a broad view of our subject, and I wrote a paper then in which I tried to look at the same intersection. What do we mean? What are we talking about when we talk about gender and technology? And what I found then was a very desolate landscape in that intersection. There wasn't very much there and it was very quiet. There were three roads that ran into that intersection, but there weren't very many cars on it. 15 years ago when I looked over the subject of gender and technology, I discovered that as scholars whose specialty this field was, that it's not gender and technology but the history of technology. We didn't know anything much about the technologies that are unique to each sex, and I've deliberately used the word sex there, not gender. Clearly, men are different biologically from women, and that means that there are some pieces of equipment that are uniquely designed to serve women's biological needs, and there are other pieces of equipment that are uniquely designed to serve men's biological needs, and as historians, we knew virtually nothing about them. We knew lots for example about the birth control movement, but virtually nothing about birth control devices. How had people managed to restrict their fertility in 1900 when the birth rate in this country was going down? Nobody knew what they used to do it. We didn't know anything about the history of the condom to give you a similar example. We knew nothing about the history of the baby bottle, which is for most purposes a replacement for an uniquely female sexual characteristic, and that was the first avenue that I found rather desolate. Historians of technology had written books on some pretty abstruse and not very commonly encountered technologies. In 1976, you could have found out more than you ever wanted to know, for example about the history of the bicycle. You could have found out an enormous amount about the history of the open hearth blast furnace, and you couldn't find out anything about the history of the diaphragm or the condom. Second avenue. We didn't know much about the technologies that were connected to the work that was uniquely female. For example, washing machines and typewriters, diapers which are after all a technology. Things that were connected to the work that is in our culture or in other cultures, generally assigned to women and not to men, that is gendered work. If the gender that was assigned to that work was women, then we knew virtually nothing about the history of the equipment with which women did that work, and similarly, we knew virtually nothing about the impact that those technologies had had on the work that women do. There were a couple of exceptions to this rule, that is that we didn't know much. We knew lots about the history of the sewing machine, but what we knew about it was the male part of it. That is we knew who had invented it, and we knew who had produced it, and we knew a lot about the factories in which it was produced, and we knew a lot about the competition between the various inventors of it, but compared to what we knew about the male part of the sewing machine, we knew next to nothing about the impact of the sewing machine on the workers who ended up working with it, whether they worked at home or in factories, or in tailor's shops. We knew virtually nothing. Finally, the third avenue which was very quiet and untraveled by was the avenue that was about women who have created new technologies. Whether in roles as inventors or in roles as engineers. We knew virtually nothing about women inventors, and even less about women engineers in 1976, except that on superficial examination, there didn't seem to be many of them to know anything about, and that's what I mean when I tell you, by way of beginning this examination, that 15 years ago, I could map out what roads were leading into the intersection, but I couldn't say very much about those roads, and I could say virtually nothing about the intersection because it was so desolate, because there was so little there. Because there was so little conversation or activity, on those roads or in that intersection. Well, a lot of traffic has passed through that intersection in the intervening 15 years, and my test tonight, at least in part, is to tell you something about what that traffic's been like. If I look at the intersection now, it's crowded, it's filled with books and journal articles written by scholars, it's filled with some books and magazine articles written by journalists and not by scholars. It's not crammed mind you, but there's a lot more there than there was 15 years ago, and it's not quiet anymore. It's become a modern academic parlance, a contested terrain. Lot of people are arguing. A lot of the argument is in my judgment hot air. So the intersection tends to be a bit windy. You have to flip through a lot of pages of wind to find out what it's about, and I'm doing in this intersection, but once you've gotten through the when, to continue in the same visual metaphor that I've been using. There are some pretty solid structures in this intersection. There are some pretty solid structures that line the roads that are leaning up to it. There are some things that we can say more definitively we know. That I was able to say 15 years ago that I could say I knew. There are lots of people milling around in this intersection now. There are economists who care a lot about technological change because it's part of the fuel that when it's burning nicely, it makes our economy grow. There are a lot of sociologists because sociologists, particularly those who specialized in the sociology of work are really concerned as they weren't 15 years ago about what happens to people when new technologies come into their lives. There are a lot more philosophers in this on these roads than there used to be 15 years ago, including some who teach here. There were even a few dean's of engineering society, engineering schools in this intersection because it's become apparent to them that gender is something they have to do something about and that it's getting increasingly difficult to do it. Every once in a while as I look over these roads. In this intersection, I even encounter an industrialist or entrepreneur along the way, thought I sometimes suppose that the industrialists and entrepreneurs are in cars but are being driven by their daughters. Nonetheless, they are there and occasionally have something to say on the subject as well. So what do the avenues look like now? What does the intersection look like now? I haven't got enough time actually to describe all the avenues to you, so I'm going to start this section of my talk by very quickly telling you about the ones that I'm not gonna say much about. We know a lot more about the uniquely female and uniquely male technologies today than we did 15 years ago. There's a whole book now on the history of the baby bottle. There are a raft of journal articles for what some of you I hope will realize are obvious reasons about the history of the condom. We even know much more about the history of birth control devices than we did 15 years ago, and because of various other new technologies, it's unlikely that particular avenue will ever, or at least not for the foreseeable future be desolate again. All kinds of things are changing about reproductive technologies. Literally, I have been reading a lot of newspapers in the last week because I usually don't get to read the newspaper except when I'm on airplanes, and I've been on airplanes a lot in the last weekend. I can tell you that between Sunday and Tuesday, that is today, sort of losing track of time, there have been five articles in the New York Times about new reproductive technologies or aspects of new reproductive technologies. So it's unlikely that all the things that are coming down the pike are going to be as unexamined as some of the things that came down the pike 10, 15, 30 years ago. Indeed, that's the area in which I'm myself doing my own research now, and I can tell you that there's a lot of activity on that avenue right now, but I'm not gonna talk about it terribly much tonight. We also know a lot more about the technologies that women use when they are engaged in what's called market labor. That is when they're getting paid for their work. 15 years ago, for example, I could assert definitively that we didn't even know the history of the typewriter let alone the impact of the typewriter on the work that people do. Now there is an entire book on the history of the typewriter, and furthermore, there have been numerous studies in the sociological literature about what happened not very long ago in printing industry when typography was computerized, and the typographers were almost entirely male, both in this country and in other countries were replaced by females, by women, and when the keyboard on which typography was done was replaced by the QWERTY keyboard, the one that women know how to use. I offer that to you as only one example of a raft of studies that have been done in the last 15 years. That look at the question of how women differ from men in the marketplace, and how those differences affect both. The introduction of new technologies into the workplace and the way in which people's work is affected by the introduction of those technologies. We now know for example that women differ from men as workers in several crucial characteristics, most salient of which is that they get paid less and will work for less than men do, and the next most salient of which is that they tend to have less training, and be willing to pursue less training than men do, and we now know enormous amounts, which is very difficult to summarize and so I won't, about how those two characteristics. The ways in which women differ for men in the marketplace affect the rate of technological change, because after all if you think about it, when businesses make capital decision to invest a lot of money in the new technology, one of the principal reasons, not the only, but one reason for wanting to do it is to make more money, and one way to make more money is to save on labor costs, and if you can replace expensive labor with less expensive labor, you save on labor costs, and one easy way to replace more expensive with less expensive labor is to replace men with women. So this process has been very carefully examined by a fairly large number of scholars, and if you want to learn more about it, I can recommend to you a book that I happen to have with me because I'm gonna quote something from it later if I don't run out of time. Machinery Of Dominance it's called, and its subtitle is women, men and technical know how. It's by Cynthia Cockburn, and it's an examination, very careful and superbly well done examination of four different workplaces in which technological change has intersected with gender, and what happens when that intersection occurs. The one thing that is clear from all of those studies which I will refer to again as my talk goes on is that gender segregation is a common phenomenon in the workplace, and technological change doesn't change it. Gender segregation means that women do some work and men do different work. That was true in the 19th century, and it remains true today. Sometimes, when you look at it from a historians perspective, occupations change gender. There are some jobs that were once men's jobs that have become women's jobs, for example typography with the setting up in time of newspapers. Incidentally, we don't have any examples of jobs that were one once women's jobs that have become men's jobs with one exception, and that's the delivering of babies which used to be midwifery, but which is now obstetrics, but there are lots of examples in which jobs change gender, but they still remain gendered. So if you look at the workforce, you will discover that the vast majority of women are doing women's jobs. That is the job they do is also done by a large number of other women, and the same is true for men, and the technological change does not alter that, although you would think that it might. If you really needed a lot of upper body strength to do a job, and they automated pulleys in the workplace, then you didn't need that strength any longer. You think well, then maybe they'd split it up half and half. It would be half men and half women. Just go out on a construction site sometime, and look at how much upper body strength it takes to drive the.. What's it called? The thing with the big teeth that digs?\r\n\r\n- Caterpillar?\r\n\r\n- Well, the Caterpillar is the company that makes it but there's a specific name for the device.\r\n\r\n- High steam shovel.\r\n\r\n- High steam shovel. You don't need terribly much upper body strength to do that any longer, although you needed a lot of upper body strength to do it when you did it with a shovel, but women haven't started filtering into that occupation. Uh, yeah. There are however two rows that feed into this intersection that I am gonna describe in somewhat more detail than I've let myself describe. The road of uniquely gendered or uniquely sexed technologies, and the technologies with which each gender does its work, and the first of those roads is the third of the ones that I mentioned when I was giving my earlier survey, and it's the road of, we might say women engineers and inventors. 15 years ago, I thought part of the reason we didn't know much or we thought that there had been so few women inventors and so few women engineers, was that nobody had looked carefully, and that this was in the early phases of women's history. We were discovering that there were women in all kinds of places that nobody had ever told us. There were women before. One of the heady exciting things about women's history and women's studies. In some fields, it still is exciting, is the discovery of what women have done, and I thought 15 years ago. That if only somebody looked hard enough and knew the places to look in, we'd find hordes of hidden women inventors and armies of unknown women engineers. Well, lots of people have been looking for 15 years, and a lot of ink has been spilled on this issue, and a lot of really weird stones have been turned over, and I have to tell you the end result is that there aren't many. There wasn't anybody under some of those stones or some of the people that were said to have been under those stones turned out to be fictions of various other people's imaginations, so that the interesting question on that road that leads to the intersection of gender and technology is one, and then exploring that road. Let me just give you some data to give you some idea of what is so strikingly absent on that row. In 1986, which was the last year for which I could get the data, there were roughly 2,600,000 engineers in this country about 4% of whom were women. Six years before that in 1980, there were 1 million, roughly 800,000 engineers of whom 3% were female. So in those six years, the percentage of women engineers rose from three to 4%. Let's look at some other fields, or let me tell you about some other fields, and what was happening in those fields at the same time. If we don't look at scientists but we.. Sorry, we don't look at engineers but we look at scientists. In 1980, 23.4% of all the scientists in the United States were female, and in 1986 that had gone up to 28.1%. But since the category of scientists lumps together, everything from high energy physicists to psychologists, let me separate it a little bit and tell you that for physical scientists, that is physicists and chemists, and I think also geologists are included in this figure. 10.3% of them were women in 1980, and 13.9% in 1986. Computer specialists, a category which includes programmers were 28.7% female in '80 and 29.7% in '86. Now, I didn't think to put those on an overhead projector or find any other way to project them to you, so I'm going to just repeat them by way of emphasizing them. Only 4% of all the engineers in this country are women and that can't be explained by what it's frequently explained by. The notion that women tend not to take as much math in high school and college as men do, because if that were the explanation, then we would expect to find only four or 5% of all the scientists in the country being female, and instead it's 23. I'm sorry, 28 today, or in '86, the latest data is 28.1%. That is a little over a quarter of all scientists, and even if we wipe away those who are in the biological and psychological scientists and just look at physical scientists, there are still more physical scientists who are women than there are engineers. I'll just give you some other data, to again continue to explore and emphasize how strikingly odd this figure is, that 4%. Some of you in this room are old enough to know that the real push for affirmative action in educational institutions began somewhere in the late 1960s. So in 1960, if we look at educational institutions and look at the degrees that they were granting, we see the following things. 5% of all the degrees in medicine in 1960 went to women. In 1986, the figure was 30%. It's not where people had hoped it will be but it's a lot better than it used to be in that 26 year period. Same thing happened in law. 2.5% of all the law degrees in 1960 went to women, 39% went in 1986. In engineering, in 1960, 4/10 of the percent. A home unit of difference even for medicine and law. In 1986, that was up to 12.6%. Dentistry, which is the only other professional career either anywhere as law in it's percentage of women, as engineering was .8% in 1960, and it's gone up to 22% in 1986. This is the reason why I've said, repeating what a whole lot of other people have said, why I'm saying tonight, repeating what a whole lot of other people have said in other places that either engineer and engineers are the most resistant to the incursion of women into their educational institutions and work places of all the professions or and both are equally possible, engineering is the least most attractive of all the professions to women and either way why should it be? Either that engineers are the most resistant. More resistant than lawyers and physicists and doctors and professors, or that engineering is so overwhelmingly unattractive. In fact, they probably influence each other in some way, but why should it be engineering that is the absolute pits as far as young girls, young women are concerned? Well, a lot of ink has been spilled over that question, not least of it in the journals in which engineering educators talk to each other because they've been, at least some of the ones that I know of, working as hard at the coordinator action which may not be enormously hard or as hard as us focusing women studies with line, but they've certainly been working at it as much as the medical schools and as much as the law schools, as much as the graduate schools of history or physics have been working at it with the least results up to the present. So, let me just tell you briefly what some of the answers to that question. Gonna continue the metaphor. What are some of the answers to that question that had been coming down the pike in the last 15 years? Why are there so few? Why is there so much resistance in engineering? Or why is engineering so unattractive? Some say the answer is class. That is social class, not other kinds of class. That the young women with training adequate to become an engineer, that is the young women who have taken all the math and science and computer science courses that one would need even to begin to contemplate going to engineering school or being an engineering major tend to be middle class, and that engineering historically has attracted young people from the working classes, not the middle classes. So that as argument goes, those young women who are willing and able go into science, go into medicine. They don't go into engineering. That's one possible explanation. Others say it's biology. The argument from biological determinism goes for example that women's brains are different from men's brains, and there are certain things that engineers needs to be able to do, and on the whole women can't do them too well, like be super good at spatial relations on which it happens that young women tend to test slightly worse than young men do. It's one of the few aptitudes in which there is actually, appears to be even when you do a meta analysis and regression analysis and try to wipe away all the variables. It seems to be one of the few aptitudes on which you can really see a difference, although it's not a very great difference, and so there are people who have been arguing that women's brains just don't suit them for the kinds of things that engineers have to do. Others say that it's the nature of the employment. That engineers tend to work in industry, industry tends to require a great deal of overtime, engineers have to travel a lot and traveling a lot and having to work overtime are exactly the things that women don't want to have to do because they wanna have children and they can't combine. There are all kinds of careers it said with which you can combine child rearing, but engineering is not one of them. You may have..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115550#t=0.0,2792.04"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_b.mp3"]},"duration":1362.144,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/115/552/small/lecture.png?1622140734","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/115/552/original/AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_b.mp3?1622140734","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1362.144,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Have the most to lose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=5.15,7.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore, they are the most resistant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=8.12,10.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to giving up their power to anyone else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=10.3,14.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is why they discriminate, it is said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=14.24,17.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against women more than anyone else does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=17.87,21.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think much of any of those arguments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=24.86,28.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that I can help you to see a better explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=29.74,34.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by looking at one of the other avenues that runs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=35.55,40.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the intersection of gender and technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=40.08,43.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one that I've done a lot of research on, myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=43.92,48.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's the one that examines technological change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=50.02,55.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the impact of technological change on the unpaid work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=56.6,61.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in our culture and numerous other cultures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=62.81,67.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is almost uniformly defined as women's work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=67.24,72.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"otherwise known as housework.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=72.282,75.632"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't ordinarily think about housework,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=75.632,77.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being technological work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=77.78,79.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but like all work, it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=81.01,83.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I recently listened to somebody go through the exercise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=84.52,89.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the class, of making the class count the number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=89.59,92.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of motors in the average kitchen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=92.3,94.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, they were also then, this is a new,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=96.71,99.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"asked to count the number of micro processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=99.18,101.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the average kitchen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=101.46,103.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As soon as you start doing that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=103.2,105.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it becomes immediately obvious to you that there really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=105.06,107.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are technologies with which housework is done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=107.56,111.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's been a lot of research about the house technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=112.76,116.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which house work is done in the last 15 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=116.1,119.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of it my own, but some of it done by other people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=119.52,122.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are a number of things, if I can summarize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=123.64,126.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all that research very quickly for you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=126.38,128.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are a number of things which I think is fairly clear,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=128.55,131.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that a lot of people who have examined this are willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=131.34,133.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say are definitively true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=133.84,136.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first is that there's been a profound change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=138.77,141.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the technologies with which housework was done,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=141.39,146.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is being done in the developed countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=147.35,150.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 20th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=150.48,151.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I once called it in an 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it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=163.57,167.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pulling water out of wells and opening up a tap,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=168.74,172.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from chopping 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1960.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=222.18,227.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During that period of time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=230.31,231.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is one of the other things that most 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1960,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=239.88,243.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was no significant reduction in the time spent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=243.62,248.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by women in doing housework.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=248.06,250.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was the conclusion that led to the title,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=250.4,252.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of my book \"More Work For Mother\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=252.79,254.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The time allotment to different jobs has changed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=256.84,261.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, and we know this in part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=265.84,270.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know it for many different ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=270.0,271.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But one of the ways we know 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(indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=276.13,278.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of housewives going about their work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=278.21,282.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The time allotments of various jobs has 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true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=290.31,291.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that women now spend much more time taking care","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=292.81,296.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their children than women used to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=296.77,299.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In let's say 1910 or 1920.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=301.43,305.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's because there are all kinds of jobs related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=305.25,308.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to children in 1990 that didn't exist in 1910.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=308.53,313.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, transporting them 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anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=565.74,567.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people with whom that person lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=569.72,572.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men mow the lawn, they take out the garbage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=573.58,576.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they paint, they do household repairs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=578.92,581.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they repair the....","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=581.34,582.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's all housework.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=582.3,584.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You may not have thought of it as housework,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=584.0,585.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the sociologists categorize it as house work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=585.457,588.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Women cook, wash and clean, take care of children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=590.5,593.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's their housework.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=594.82,596.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a certain amount but not very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=598.28,601.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of gender neutrality when it comes to shopping.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=601.62,604.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's been a little crossover in the supermarket,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=606.714,609.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put it graphically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=611.545,613.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But by large men's jobs are as segregated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=613.1,617.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from women's jobs in the home as they are in the workplace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=617.13,622.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, why is that true?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=626.95,628.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, many different answers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=628.21,629.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been given to that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=629.303,631.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also as the hour is rolling late,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=631.04,633.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna go through all of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=633.51,635.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've spent a lot of time doing research on that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=636.38,639.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what I'd like to end by telling you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=641.677,645.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that it seems to me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=645.51,647.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after looking at all the other possibilities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=647.0,649.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the most likely reason,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=650.84,653.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why men don't do any more housework than they do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=653.34,658.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to do with what I and others call gender identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=660.6,664.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the time that we are in the womb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=667.3,670.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are given each of us a gender identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=670.59,673.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those of you who have had children will know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=673.85,677.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the first question people ask about the bulge is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=677.43,682.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it a girl or a boy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=684.62,686.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these days, it's possible to know the answer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=686.83,689.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to that question, while it's still a bulge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=689.21,692.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And an astonishingly large people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=694.04,697.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"large number of people want to know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=697.81,700.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it is a boy or girl","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=700.93,702.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before they even want to know whether it's healthy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=702.68,705.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As soon as it becomes obvious,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=710.15,712.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it is a boy or a girl.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=712.72,714.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our lives, whether we are boys or girls,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=716.84,719.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our lives become gendered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=720.38,722.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a hospital, we get wrapped in a pink baby blanket,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=722.46,725.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a blue baby blanket and the little card on the nursery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=725.1,728.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has a pink bow on it, or blue bow on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=728.35,731.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are some names that parents will give to boys","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=731.0,734.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they won't give to girls and vice versa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=734.4,737.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You try to give the parents of a young boy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=737.77,741.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an infant boy, a pink stretch suit to put on him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=741.76,745.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you will immediately discover that even the most liberal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=745.82,750.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of parents have gendered their baby early on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=750.09,754.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can give a blue one to the parents of the daughters,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=754.08,757.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you can't, without getting raised eyebrows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=757.39,761.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"give a pink one to the parents of sons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=761.36,763.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when we are young, that is no longer infants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=765.95,768.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no longer in the womb or emerging from the womb,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=768.59,773.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the most important questions we ask about ourselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=773.38,777.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I say this as someone who remembers her adolescence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=777.52,782.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though it was far too long ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=782.96,785.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also as a parent of adolescence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=785.88,788.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, one of the most important questions that adolescence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=788.4,793.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have about themselves is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=793.99,796.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"am I a real man or a real woman?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=797.477,801.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a real girl or a real boy?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=801.56,804.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And how do I know whether I am or not?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=804.04,809.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what is there out there in the world for me to imitate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=809.92,814.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that I will know whether I am really a girl or a boy?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=814.93,819.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what makes the difference between girls and boys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=819.777,823.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you're the parent of growing children,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=823.93,826.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you become immediately aware, that self identity for a child","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=826.61,831.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very much wrapped up with gender identity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=832.91,836.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I should say, I'm going to say by way of degression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=838.81,841.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that having just finished writing a book on immigrants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=841.4,844.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I now know that this question is very much like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=844.55,849.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the questions that young immigrant adolescence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=850.62,855.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ask themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=855.61,856.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My parents are Polish, Chinese, Iranian Russian, whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=859.55,864.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I am an American.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=867.63,870.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do I become an American?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=870.31,872.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do I know what an American is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=872.43,874.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is there out there in the world that I can imitate?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=874.47,877.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not my parents, because they're not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=877.73,880.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigrant adolescence ask this question about being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=882.606,886.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an American or being whatever society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=886.94,890.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have landed in, British, Irish, French or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=890.73,895.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All young people am willing to propose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=898.22,901.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although am not enough of an anthropologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=901.07,903.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to know whether this is really true in other cultures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=903.04,905.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at least in ours, it seems to me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=905.92,908.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all young people want to know about their gender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=908.44,911.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And all young people look to the outside world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=913.37,916.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"outside themselves for definitions of gender.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=916.87,920.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in this society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=922.85,924.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what answer does a young person get back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=924.37,927.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interestingly and often, maybe it's just me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=929.74,931.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I happen to be interested in technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=931.86,935.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it seems to me that a whole lot of the answers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=935.08,939.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we provide to young people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=939.36,942.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have some technological connection to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=942.06,946.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Real men don't cook, they don't sew, that this is work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=947.21,952.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"related and work is technology related.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=952.43,955.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Real men don't cook, they don't sew,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=955.7,957.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they certainly don't nurse people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=957.78,960.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't eat kish or as other people 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parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=967.6,972.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they don't take drafting courses in high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=972.38,975.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Young people search for models to imitate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=978.98,982.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when the question they're asking is about gender,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=985.24,988.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a whole lot of the answers that come back,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=989.88,993.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are work related, and technology related.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=993.87,998.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I put this phenomenon a little bit more elegantly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1000.76,1005.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a piece I once wrote on the subject and so I'm gonna","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1005.08,1008.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"read my own words because I like them to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1008.587,1012.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We socialize our men to aspire to feats of mastery and we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1013.487,1017.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"socialize our women to aspire to feats of submission.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1017.41,1020.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men are hard, women are soft.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1022.45,1025.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men are meant to conquer nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1025.56,1027.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"women are meant to commune with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1027.12,1029.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men are rational, women are 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dolls.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1034.09,1036.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men build, women inhabit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1036.67,1038.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men are active, women are passive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1040.25,1042.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Men are good at mathematics, women are good at literature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1042.69,1045.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If something is broken, daddy will fix it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1045.61,1048.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If feelings are hurt, mommy will solve them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1049.16,1053.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've trained our women to opt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1054.5,1056.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the technological order as much,\" I wrote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1056.97,1061.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"as we have trained our men to opt into it.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1061.117,1064.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's quite likely true,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1068.72,1070.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I look up and down these roads and examine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1071.45,1075.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the intersection of gender and technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1076.81,1079.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there may be a few biological differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1080.5,1083.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the brains of men and women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1083.4,1085.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which account to some extent for why some men are super good","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1086.6,1091.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at math and fewer women are super good at math.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1092.64,1096.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you don't have to be super good at math,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1097.92,1100.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be a good engineer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1100.04,1101.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You just have to be moderately good at it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1103.05,1104.517"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and most women are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1104.517,1106.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may also be true that the explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1107.06,1109.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from class has some truth in it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1109.16,1111.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Really is true that engineers on the whole tend to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1112.29,1115.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from lower social class families","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1115.58,1118.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than scientists do and it really is true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1118.29,1121.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That girls who tend to excel at math","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1121.72,1125.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or even to take math courses tend to be middle class.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1125.11,1127.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So maybe there's some truth in that explanation as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1127.76,1131.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think there's much truth in the explanation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1132.5,1135.145"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that says that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1135.145,1135.978"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"engineers are very powerful in this society.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1135.978,1137.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you say that to an engineer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1137.74,1140.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the engineer does is laugh and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1140.18,1142.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You have to be kidding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1142.997,1144.737"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Lawyers are much more powerful than we are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1144.737,1146.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Politicians are much more powerful than we are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1146.707,1148.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Accountants are much more powerful than we are.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1148.817,1152.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think looking from the outside in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1152.15,1155.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the engineers have a point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1155.02,1157.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The seat of power in the society may be very diffused,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1157.18,1160.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and engineers may have some of it, but they certainly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1160.31,1162.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"haven't got more of it than other people have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1162.35,1164.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so I would suggest to you as the end result","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1167.41,1170.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of having looked at all these avenues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1170.62,1173.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where these two odd categories coincide or collide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1173.71,1178.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the more likely explanation for why","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1180.57,1183.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there aren't very many women engineers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1183.65,1186.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and inventors coming down one road,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1186.18,1188.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is revealed to us on the avenue where we don't see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1190.03,1194.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very many men making the effort to cook dinner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1194.67,1199.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the answer is and the reason for the one is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1202.33,1207.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that our gender identities have been so wrapped up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1208.01,1212.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the notion that if I do that work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1212.79,1217.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can't be really male or female, woman or man.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1217.61,1222.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we have as I quoted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1227.32,1231.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"socialized our women to opt out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1231.88,1236.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the technological order early in their laws.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1236.23,1241.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then what happens?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1243.07,1245.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think, as people grow older,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1245.28,1248.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they stop worrying so much about whether","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1248.43,1250.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not they're real men or real women,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1250.62,1252.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they've gotten too old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1255.5,1256.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the case of the women, to be retrained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1258.02,1261.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to enter the technological professions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1262.38,1265.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a point at which,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1266.77,1269.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry to have to tell you this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1269.25,1271.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you just can't learn as much as you once could.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1271.46,1274.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And unfortunately for the affirmative action efforts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1277.03,1282.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of engineering schools, that point in our culture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1282.1,1286.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurs after people, way after people have stopped worrying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1286.61,1291.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how to define themselves as real men or real women.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1291.06,1295.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So by way of conclusion, let me say that what I find","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1299.6,1304.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the intersection where gender and technology intersect,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1304.1,1309.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is far too many scholars and not enough young people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1311.95,1316.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Far too many scholars who are studying technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1318.82,1321.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and far too few women who are trying to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1322.66,1327.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1327.37,1328.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1329.136,1331.469"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Are there any questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1343.44,1344.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(woman speaking in the background)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=1348.818,1353.068"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27231/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/231/original/AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_b.vtt?1622140736","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/231/original/AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_b.vtt?1622140736"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27232","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203954_Gender_and_Technology_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552/transcript/27232/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Have the most to lose, and therefore, they are the most resistant, to giving up their power to anyone else. And that is why they discriminate, it is said, against women more than anyone else does. I don't think much of any of those arguments. And I think that I can help you to see a better explanation by looking at one of the other avenues that runs into the intersection of gender and technology. The one that I've done a lot of research on, myself. And that's the one that examines technological change and the impact of technological change on the unpaid work that in our culture and numerous other cultures is almost uniformly defined as women's work, otherwise known as housework. We don't ordinarily think about housework, as being technological work, but like all work, it is. I recently listened to somebody go through the exercise with the class, of making the class count the number of motors in the average kitchen. Actually, they were also then, this is a new, asked to count the number of micro processes in the average kitchen. As soon as you start doing that, it becomes immediately obvious to you that there really are technologies with which housework is done. There's been a lot of research about the house technologies with which house work is done in the last 15 years. Some of it my own, but some of it done by other people. And there are a number of things, if I can summarize all that research very quickly for you, there are a number of things which I think is fairly clear, or that a lot of people who have examined this are willing to say are definitively true. The first is that there's been a profound change in the technologies with which housework was done, is being done in the developed countries, in the 20th century. I once called it in an article, the industrial revolution in the home. And I think that most people would say that's a pretty fair description of what happened. A transition from, to be graphic about it, pulling water out of wells and opening up a tap, from chopping wood, in order to create a fairly small amount of internal heat in a house, to flipping on a switch for thermostats, from washing dishes by hand, to putting the dishes in a machine in order to be washed. If any of those things had happened in any other work place, but the home, we would have called it an industrial revolution a long time ago and most people would now agree. That in the 20th century, there was, in the developed countries, an industrial revolution in the home. Most Americans experienced, not all but most, experienced that revolution sometime between, in the 40 years, between 1920 and 1960. During that period of time, and this is one of the other things that most scholars who've looked at the subject pretty much agree on. During that period of time between 1920 and 1960, there was no significant reduction in the time spent by women in doing housework. That was the conclusion that led to the title, of my book \"More Work For Mother\". The time allotment to different jobs has changed. For example, and we know this in part, we know it for many different ways. But one of the ways we know it, is from time studies done by home economists. Some of them in of housewives going about their work. The time allotments of various jobs has changed. For example, though you may not believe it, it is nonetheless true, that women now spend much more time taking care of their children than women used to do. In let's say 1910 or 1920. That's because there are all kinds of jobs related to children in 1990 that didn't exist in 1910. For example, transporting them places. People didn't take children places in 1910. Children either got there on their own feet or they didn't go. And a large part of the time spent in childcare, if you go and look at this literature, which I did for 10 years. A large part of it and childcare is spent on transportation. That's what I mean when I said that the time spent in various job allotments has changed, but the overall tone has not changed. According to the best data that we have, the average American housewife who was not full time employed in the market in 1920, whether she was rural or urban, spends about 50 hours a week doing housework. And in 1980, the average American housewife, who was not employed full time in the labor market, which was no longer the average American housewife, spent 48.2 hours doing housework. It was 50 hours in 1920 and 48.2 in 1980. And that's what I and others have meant by saying that the overall time spent in housework has not changed significantly, despite the industrial revolution in the home. Productivity of housewives has changed a great deal. Because they produce a lot more for the time that they spent. A lot more clean laundry, for example. A lot more balanced meals. A lot more clean carpets, larger square footage of bathrooms that are kept clean. But the time spent hasn't changed. Now, in the years since 1960, there's been a marked increase in the number of married women who are in the labor force, full time, and particularly married women with children. Despite this, there has been and this is the next to the last part of my conclusions about housework, there's been virtually no change in the amount of time that men spend doing housework. Until very recently, and then the change was very small. By very recently, I mean between 1980 and 1987, which was the last year for which I could find the data. Despite the industrial revolution in the home, which you might think would have made it possible for what had once been gendered work to become 'one' gender because among other things, it was now being done by machines. And despite the fact that, way more than half, it's now up to about 80% of all married women are employed in the labor market. There's been virtually no change, in the time that men spend doing housework. And furthermore, the work that men do is as gender segregated today in the home as it was in the past. Just as in the workplace, there are some jobs that are men's jobs and other jobs that are women's jobs, so too in the home. When home economists and sociologists go to look at what men, women and children are doing in their homes, they discover that there are certain jobs that men do that are considered part of housework. Incidentally, housework is anything that's done without remuneration. For that's without pay for the maintenance and sustenance of an individual or the individuals' immediate co-residents. Can't say family anymore. The people with whom that person lives. Men mow the lawn, they take out the garbage, they paint, they do household repairs and they repair the.... That's all housework. You may not have thought of it as housework, but the sociologists categorize it as house work. Women cook, wash and clean, take care of children. and that's their housework. There's a certain amount but not very much of gender neutrality when it comes to shopping. There's been a little crossover in the supermarket, to put it graphically. But by large men's jobs are as segregated from women's jobs in the home as they are in the workplace. Now, why is that true? Well, many different answers have been given to that question. Also as the hour is rolling late, I'm not gonna go through all of them. I've spent a lot of time doing research on that question. And what I'd like to end by telling you, is that it seems to me, after looking at all the other possibilities, that the most likely reason, why men don't do any more housework than they do, has to do with what I and others call gender identity. From the time that we are in the womb, we are given each of us a gender identity. Those of you who have had children will know. That the first question people ask about the bulge is, is it a girl or a boy? And these days, it's possible to know the answer to that question, while it's still a bulge. And an astonishingly large people, large number of people want to know, whether it is a boy or girl before they even want to know whether it's healthy. As soon as it becomes obvious, whether it is a boy or a girl. Our lives, whether we are boys or girls, our lives become gendered. In a hospital, we get wrapped in a pink baby blanket, or a blue baby blanket and the little card on the nursery that has a pink bow on it, or blue bow on it. And there are some names that parents will give to boys and they won't give to girls and vice versa. You try to give the parents of a young boy, of an infant boy, a pink stretch suit to put on him, and you will immediately discover that even the most liberal of parents have gendered their baby early on. You can give a blue one to the parents of the daughters, but you can't, without getting raised eyebrows, give a pink one to the parents of sons. And when we are young, that is no longer infants, no longer in the womb or emerging from the womb, one of the most important questions we ask about ourselves, and I say this as someone who remembers her adolescence, though it was far too long ago, but also as a parent of adolescence. Now, one of the most important questions that adolescence have about themselves is \"am I a real man or a real woman? or a real girl or a real boy?\" And how do I know whether I am or not? And what is there out there in the world for me to imitate so that I will know whether I am really a girl or a boy? And what makes the difference between girls and boys. When you're the parent of growing children, you become immediately aware, that self identity for a child is very much wrapped up with gender identity. I should say, I'm going to say by way of degression that having just finished writing a book on immigrants, I now know that this question is very much like the questions that young immigrant adolescence ask themselves. My parents are Polish, Chinese, Iranian Russian, whatever. But I am an American. How do I become an American? How do I know what an American is? What is there out there in the world that I can imitate? It's not my parents, because they're not. Immigrant adolescence ask this question about being an American or being whatever society they have landed in, British, Irish, French or whatever. All young people am willing to propose although am not enough of an anthropologist to know whether this is really true in other cultures. But at least in ours, it seems to me, all young people want to know about their gender. And all young people look to the outside world, outside themselves for definitions of gender. And in this society, what answer does a young person get back? Interestingly and often, maybe it's just me because I happen to be interested in technology, but it seems to me that a whole lot of the answers that we provide to young people, have some technological connection to them. Real men don't cook, they don't sew, that this is work related and work is technology related. Real men don't cook, they don't sew, they certainly don't nurse people. They don't eat kish or as other people notice. Real women don't excel in calculus, they don't tinker with cars, they don't circuit parts and they don't take drafting courses in high school. Young people search for models to imitate. And when the question they're asking is about gender, a whole lot of the answers that come back, are work related, and technology related. I put this phenomenon a little bit more elegantly, in a piece I once wrote on the subject and so I'm gonna read my own words because I like them to you. \"We socialize our men to aspire to feats of mastery and we socialize our women to aspire to feats of submission. Men are hard, women are soft. Men are meant to conquer nature, women are meant to commune with it. Men are rational, women are irrational. Men are practical, women are impractical. Boys play with box, girls play with dolls. Men build, women inhabit. Men are active, women are passive. Men are good at mathematics, women are good at literature. If something is broken, daddy will fix it. If feelings are hurt, mommy will solve them. We've trained our women to opt out of the technological order as much,\" I wrote, \"as we have trained our men to opt into it.\" It's quite likely true, as I look up and down these roads and examine the intersection of gender and technology, that there may be a few biological differences between the brains of men and women. Which account to some extent for why some men are super good at math and fewer women are super good at math. But you don't have to be super good at math, to be a good engineer. You just have to be moderately good at it, and most women are. It may also be true that the explanation from class has some truth in it. Really is true that engineers on the whole tend to come from lower social class families than scientists do and it really is true. That girls who tend to excel at math or even to take math courses tend to be middle class. So maybe there's some truth in that explanation as well. I don't think there's much truth in the explanation that says that \"engineers are very powerful in this society.\" If you say that to an engineer, what the engineer does is laugh and say, \"You have to be kidding. \"Lawyers are much more powerful than we are. \"Politicians are much more powerful than we are. \"Accountants are much more powerful than we are.\" And I think looking from the outside in, the engineers have a point. The seat of power in the society may be very diffused, and engineers may have some of it, but they certainly haven't got more of it than other people have. And so I would suggest to you as the end result of having looked at all these avenues, where these two odd categories coincide or collide, that the more likely explanation for why there aren't very many women engineers and inventors coming down one road, is revealed to us on the avenue where we don't see very many men making the effort to cook dinner. And that the answer is and the reason for the one is, that our gender identities have been so wrapped up in the notion that if I do that work, I can't be really male or female, woman or man. That we have as I quoted, socialized our women to opt out of the technological order early in their laws. And then what happens? I think, as people grow older, and they stop worrying so much about whether or not they're real men or real women, they've gotten too old. In the case of the women, to be retrained to enter the technological professions. There is a point at which, I'm sorry to have to tell you this, you just can't learn as much as you once could. And unfortunately for the affirmative action efforts of engineering schools, that point in our culture occurs after people, way after people have stopped worrying about how to define themselves as real men or real women. So by way of conclusion, let me say that what I find and the intersection where gender and technology intersect, is far too many scholars and not enough young people. Far too many scholars who are studying technology, and far too few women who are trying to do it. Thank you. . Are there any questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42927/file/115552#t=0.0,1362.144"}]}]}]}