{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/np1wd3qn6k/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Pulliam, H. Ronald, Ecological Principles in Land Use"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204155 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Ecological Principles in Land Use is an April 19, 1993 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Ron Pulliam. Ron Pulliam discusses population growth and the impact human beings have on the environment.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=31.965,33.715"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My name is Jim Peace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=35.01,35.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm a faculty member in the 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braved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=39.67,43.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what seems to be a typical anchorage spring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=43.51,47.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here in Iowa, to come out and be with us this 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lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=53.45,58.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This long running lecture series is in memory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=59.11,61.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Dr. Paul Arrington, a well-known member","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=61.95,64.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this ISU department, from 1932 until his death in 1962.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=64.26,69.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We think it's a fitting tribute to this famous ecologist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=71.16,74.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this lecture series annually brings to campus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=74.01,77.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the best and the brightest in the broad field of ecology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=77.2,81.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I refer you to the last three pages of your program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=81.98,85.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a more complete biography of Dr. Arrington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=85.86,90.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly want to refer you to his many books,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=90.56,94.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that short-chart his effect upon the history","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=94.56,99.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of ecological society and ecology in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=100.13,105.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The foresight and the generosity of Mrs. Carolyn Arrington,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=105.42,109.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has made this lecture series possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=109.17,111.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mrs. Arrington, would you please stand and be recognized?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=111.22,114.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We'd like to thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=114.83,115.768"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=115.768,118.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the annual highlights of bringing speakers to campus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=121.97,125.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a luncheon or a dinner with Mrs. Arrington.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=125.75,128.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I guarantee you, it is a real treat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=128.2,130.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you, Carolyn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=130.56,132.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd also like to acknowledge other 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And PhD candidate, Mike Bryan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=139.963,143.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're joined in sponsorship of this event","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=143.51,146.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by several other members of the campus 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it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=184.81,186.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The title of that lecture will be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=186.55,187.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Mapping Animal Population Dynamics on Changing 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room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=201.71,202.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Please feel free to stay and talk among yourselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=202.71,205.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with with our 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Jim.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=320.198,322.178"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am delighted to be here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=322.178,324.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite the weather that is brewing 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you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=332.34,335.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think like most ecologists, I was quite influenced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=339.443,343.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by professor Arrington's 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populations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=363.87,366.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not including that animal which has the greatest impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=366.54,370.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=370.02,371.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so tonight I want to divert a little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=371.22,373.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from my usual professional course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=373.59,376.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say a little bit about what might be viewed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=376.92,379.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the ultimate keystone species,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=379.73,381.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the species which clearly has the most impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=381.95,384.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on other species on the planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=384.66,386.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that virtually everyone now who's thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=389.67,392.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this general topic, recognizes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=392.29,395.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are two components","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=395.65,397.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the question of human impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=397.29,400.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one is simply human population size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=400.4,402.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's perhaps what we've heard the most about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=402.84,405.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how many people there are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=405.23,406.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But of course, there's also the general question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=406.58,409.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what impact those people have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=409.54,412.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly people living in poverty in Bangladesh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=412.2,417.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have a very different impact on their environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=417.94,420.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than people living in affluent societies like our own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=420.32,423.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I want to talk this evening a good bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=423.87,425.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the interface, essentially between ecology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=425.99,429.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economics, the developmental interface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=429.1,432.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some questions about the trends that are emerging","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=432.16,437.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of both population dynamics and impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=437.05,440.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what the prospect might be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=440.82,443.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I wanna end on the note of the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=443.28,445.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what indeed might regulate human populations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=445.87,449.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What might we expect in the next century in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=449.71,454.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the size of the human population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=454.02,455.609"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what kind of impact it might be having on the planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=455.609,459.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to, in the course of this evening's lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=459.21,462.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"differ from some of the current thinking in these ideas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=462.57,467.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in ways that will be kind of explicit as we go along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=467.87,471.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we could have the slides turned on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=471.43,473.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna work mostly from the slides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=473.41,475.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clearly people do not set out to ruin the planet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=481.07,486.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not the goal of human activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=486.84,488.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to degrade the environment in such a way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=488.76,491.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that future generations might have a harder time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=491.82,495.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"making a living than our own current generation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=495.3,498.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What humans intend to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=498.21,499.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is they intend to improve the quality of their own lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=499.81,503.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so our activities that are aimed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=503.27,505.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at such things as are listed here; food production, shelter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=505.49,509.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consumer goods, et cetera,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=509.46,511.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also have unintended results.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=511.24,514.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those unintended results are only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=514.01,516.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last few decades receiving widespread attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=516.12,519.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But clearly in terms of the activities listed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=519.61,521.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the left, the things that we do to our environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=521.87,524.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to have improved quality of life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=524.95,527.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the impacts go well beyond the intended results.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=527.95,531.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And include things such as soil degradation, deforestation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=531.91,535.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pollution, all the sorts of issues that we hear about daily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=535.88,539.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there are varying opinions about what the trajectory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=543.36,547.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of human population growth might look like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=547.33,549.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the next century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=549.98,551.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the one thing that can be said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=551.06,553.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about all of these opinions is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=553.08,554.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're nothing more than opinions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=554.48,555.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one knows, no one's done the experiments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=555.81,558.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one can in any rigorous way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=558.79,560.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say what the population trends would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=560.63,562.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next 50 to 100 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=562.99,565.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you will hear this evening one other opinion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=565.64,568.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one that I hope that I can convince you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=568.38,570.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has some merit to it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=570.38,572.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is perhaps the most widely held belief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=572.93,575.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to what in general, the population trends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=575.74,578.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world will look like in the next 100 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=578.67,581.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is not the trend that most ecologists would recommend,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=581.4,584.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would suggest are most likely to occur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=584.833,589.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most ecologists talk about exponential growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=589.52,592.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talk about human populations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=592.65,594.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are increasing if anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=594.22,596.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more rapidly than exponential,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=596.25,597.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the rate of increase itself is increasing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=597.98,600.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the kind of projection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=601.58,603.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is talked about in much more formal circles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=603.13,606.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The formal circles of places like the World Bank and the UN.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=606.25,610.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most people who have worked in development agencies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=610.31,614.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would now agree that the world population will stabilize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=614.84,618.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometime during the next century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=618.54,620.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The various projections differ,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=620.92,623.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they all include several elements in common.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=623.08,626.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The most frequently mentioned one is a population size","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=626.69,631.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which will sometime around the middle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=631.92,634.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the end of the next century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=634.3,635.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"stabilize at somewhere between various estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=635.44,638.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as low as eight and a half billion people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=638.74,641.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as high as 12 billion people, but most commonly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=641.3,644.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ten-ten and a half billion people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=644.28,646.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want this evening to talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=646.75,648.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the assumptions that are being used to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=648.16,650.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"make those kinds of projections.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=650.56,652.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna talk about what might be more realistic assumptions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=652.39,655.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm gonna say some things that won't agree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=655.63,657.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either with what you would hear in the UN","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=657.57,659.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the World Bank perhaps,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=659.34,660.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also might not agree with what you often hear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=660.53,663.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the way ecologists deliver discussions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=663.54,665.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this same topic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=665.93,666.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the things I wanna do is to talk about the logic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=668.119,670.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"behind these kinds of projections, where is it that people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=670.6,673.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get the notion that the world population is suddenly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=673.95,676.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going to start leveling out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=676.62,678.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where did they get the idea, that rather","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=678.44,680.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than exponential growth, that we are going to have some sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=680.68,683.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of stabilization of the population during the next century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=683.66,687.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there are places on earth, a fair number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=688.71,692.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of them actually, where we have reached something close","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=692.58,695.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to zero population growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=695.73,697.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just some of the countries that you can see here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=697.97,700.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are either at or extremely close to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=700.16,702.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Germany actually has a declining population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=702.86,705.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's slightly declining.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=705.277,706.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was concern there that the labor pool may not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=706.8,709.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be large enough to meet the needs in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=709.01,711.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Places like Luxembourg, Switzerland, Denmark, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=711.72,715.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mostly very affluent Western European nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=715.12,719.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a number of other nations, which are close to ZPG.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=719.21,722.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again mostly European nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=722.58,724.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so a little more broadly distributed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=724.92,727.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with very low population growth rates and growth rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=727.89,730.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are approaching quite rapidly, the replacement 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pattern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=739.82,742.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what many demographers, human demographers do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=742.39,745.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this point is try to make various 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out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=756.01,757.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can say with some certainty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=757.29,759.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the population size is now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=759.15,761.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is a matter of conjecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=761.18,763.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna talk about sort of the methodology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=763.21,766.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's used in doing this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=766.23,768.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sort of what the reasoning 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achieved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=775.37,779.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when a stationary population finally does occur,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=779.2,781.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it does occur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=781.77,783.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, China now with a billion people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=783.41,786.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"roughly this is early 1980s estimate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=786.98,789.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"China has a estimated stationary population size","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=792.29,796.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of about a billion and a half people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=796.69,798.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, actually, that's probably not a very bad number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=798.72,801.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the sense of, in China many of the trends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=801.27,804.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have already occurred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=804.03,805.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna talk something about the demographic transition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=805.39,807.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fertility transition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=807.76,809.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the kinds of terms human demographers use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=809.2,811.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in discussing these topics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=811.56,814.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what has already happened in China does 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in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=829.01,830.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are moving in this direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=830.24,832.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same could even be said in India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=832.83,835.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where now, the order of 700 million people live.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=835.01,838.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you can see that the stable 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=848.41,853.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The current world population of 5.2 billion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=853.33,856.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a little more now is already,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=856.25,861.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we all know it's difficult to accommodate the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=861.275,864.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are on earth in terms of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=864.39,865.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their food, shelter, needs, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=865.88,868.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The population is projected on the order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=868.44,870.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 10 to 12 billion people by these agencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=870.37,872.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the sort that I've mentioned before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=872.89,874.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one really knows how we're gonna feed them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=874.82,877.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where are the resources gonna come from, then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=877.21,879.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so maybe India will reach 1.7 billion people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=879.98,883.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe it won't, I'll have more to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=883.25,885.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this sort of topic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=885.3,887.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the most frightening sorts of projections are not even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=887.04,891.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from these countries, but from parts of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=891.38,893.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't think of as being","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=893.55,895.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mega-population countries now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=895.1,898.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Places like Ethiopia and Nigeria in 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Nigeria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=910.03,912.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has dropped very slightly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=912.45,914.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The death rate has dropped even 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country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=920.2,922.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The UN projections are that approximately 600% population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=922.12,927.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the current population will be in that country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=927.77,930.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Nigeria's population, according to the UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=930.49,933.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should stabilize sometime near the year 2030.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=933.09,936.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I say stabilize, what I mean in this point is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=936.997,939.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that nation should reach what we would think of as ZPG,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=939.62,943.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is the replacement level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=943.15,945.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of fertility in the nation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=945.14,947.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The population will expand some beyond that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=947.07,949.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the age structure in the population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=949.55,952.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, where do the numbers come from?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=952.55,954.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why do people think that Nigeria will stabilize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=954.78,958.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at 600 million people as it's shown here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=958.32,961.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I think that primarily what we could say is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=961.9,964.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"numbers come from optimism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=964.45,966.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They come from a view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=966.17,967.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what has happened in other countries will happen there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=967.09,970.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna talk in a minute about this concept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=970.03,972.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of demographic transition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=972.16,973.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that many people think that most nations go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=973.89,976.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through a process whereby after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=976.49,979.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the death rates in the nation fall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=979.34,982.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and after economic development in that nation occurs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=982.3,984.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the birth rates will eventually decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=984.98,987.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, what the population projections are based upon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=987.21,992.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is somebody's notion about when that will happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=992.36,995.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And like I mentioned before in countries like China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=995.35,998.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's some basis for doing that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=998.33,999.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the trends are already headed in those directions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=999.78,1002.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in countries like Nigeria and Ethiopia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1002.21,1005.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the trends are actually in the opposite direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1005.06,1007.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is Ethiopia has gone from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1007.59,1010.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a percentage growth rate per year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1012.046,1014.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of about 2.8% up to about 3.2%,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1014.17,1017.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last 20 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1017.878,1020.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have gone from a birth rate per a thousand people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1020.56,1024.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of around 48 births per 1000 people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1024.73,1027.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 51 births per 1000 people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1027.878,1030.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The actual difference between birth and death rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1030.58,1033.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in countries like Ethiopia is increasing not decreasing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1033.25,1036.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So their trends in the opposite direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1036.78,1038.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nonetheless, the UN is projecting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1038.72,1040.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the year 2050, Ethiopia will reach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1040.48,1043.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ingredients for a stationary population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1045.753,1048.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that, that is based on nothing but optimism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1048.03,1050.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the notion that these countries will follow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1051.463,1054.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the course of development in other countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1054.98,1056.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so that's something we need to look at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1056.68,1058.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this evening's lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1058.8,1060.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now here's a very brief cartoon almost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1060.39,1063.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the concept of the demographic transition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1063.5,1066.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And many of you will be familiar with this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1066.94,1068.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but just for those of you who aren't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1068.94,1070.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will go over it briefly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1070.42,1072.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is really the basic concept that underlies all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1072.04,1075.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the predictions about what's happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1075.17,1077.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the future, in terms of human population growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1077.56,1080.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the kinds of projections that I suppose","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1080.137,1084.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the human population will level out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1084.11,1086.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you look at this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1086.98,1088.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"first look at the far left","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1088.72,1091.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where it's characterized as low growth rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1091.71,1095.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is meant to be pre-industrialization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1095.02,1097.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pre-development kinds of situations, where the birth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1097.39,1100.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and death rates are roughly in equilibrium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1100.15,1103.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was some fluctuation and I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1103.05,1105.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in both.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1105.13,1105.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there'll be some fluctuation in the population size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1105.963,1109.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With development, then increased healthcare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1109.04,1111.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increased access to things which will save people's lives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1111.78,1116.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the notion is that death rates will decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1116.49,1118.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've seen that all around the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1118.52,1120.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the provision of aid to developing nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1120.06,1123.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"death rates have indeed declined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1123.43,1125.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The catcher is not death rates declining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1125.73,1127.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's whether or not birth rates will decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1127.87,1130.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the Western nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1130.23,1131.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the nations of the Western Europe, for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1131.77,1135.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the ones that have reached ZPG.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1135.37,1137.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Birth rates have declined very precipitously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1137.61,1141.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the point now where they have caught up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1141.11,1143.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the death rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1143.42,1144.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a new equilibrium, which has been reached.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1144.3,1146.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in some cases, the birth rates are actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1146.5,1149.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"below the death rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1149.1,1150.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1150.87,1151.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's only conjecture that that will occur","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1152.77,1155.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and occur elsewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1155.24,1156.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now what is it that supposedly drives this change?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1156.753,1159.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is it that would lead for a birth rate to decline?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1159.8,1163.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that there are sort of two elements of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1163.75,1166.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of which I'll mention first in terms of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1166.0,1167.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's generally referred to as economic development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1167.83,1170.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the other has to do with giving people the kinds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1170.557,1174.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of choices that would be necessary for people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1174.04,1176.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have control of their own reproduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1176.12,1179.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what I will return to later in the lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1179.06,1181.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is one of the main elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1182.73,1184.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what is behind the notion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1184.38,1187.982"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what an animal ecologists might call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1187.982,1190.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mechanism of population change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1190.03,1194.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is it that drives changes in birth birth rates?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1194.5,1198.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the data is actually rather convincing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1198.98,1201.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is a very strong relationship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1201.48,1203.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though it's not necessarily clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1203.6,1205.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the cause and effect is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1205.19,1206.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a very strong relationship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1206.89,1208.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between various measures, imperfect though they may be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1208.74,1212.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the welfare of people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1212.97,1214.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economic welfare, economic development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1214.66,1217.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case Gross National Product, in US dollars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1217.52,1221.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but of various nations around the world, and the birth rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1221.03,1224.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's very clear looking a the graph like this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1224.36,1227.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that those nations which are most affluent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1227.43,1229.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are those nations which have the lowest birth rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1229.56,1232.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this is misleading,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1232.19,1235.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that there's a lot of scatter here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1235.03,1237.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one wants to know what counts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1237.79,1239.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the deviations around those lines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1239.22,1241.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we can get to that somewhat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1241.17,1243.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards the end of the lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1244.36,1245.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but primarily, a lot of that deviation around the line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1245.27,1248.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of what makes a difference between a factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1248.42,1251.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of several percentage points in growth rates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1251.84,1254.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the kinds of attitudes the governments have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1254.58,1257.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards making available healthcare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1257.42,1261.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and education information and information that allows people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1261.28,1265.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to control their reproductive success.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1265.58,1267.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to talk in any more detail","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1271.04,1273.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this particular graph, but I do think it is sort of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1273.15,1275.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a key to understanding notions about human population growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1275.57,1280.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1280.36,1283.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing I will say, and that is that it should be fairly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1283.09,1287.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obvious looking at a graph like this, that if we do live","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1287.88,1290.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a world of limited resources and limited wealth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1290.7,1293.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that to bring down the curve on the left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1293.92,1296.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is to increase the economic welfare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1296.01,1300.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the poorest nations, will require some change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1300.8,1305.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in what's happening on the far right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1305.07,1307.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is that there would 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minute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1309.93,1311.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not necessarily what we would normally refer to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1311.9,1314.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as redistribution of wealth, but at least sharing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1314.42,1317.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of resources that would allow more equitable distribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1317.26,1320.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of resources and therefore some possibility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1320.13,1323.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the countries on the far left here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1323.43,1325.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which isn't the bulk of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1325.01,1326.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you see places like China and India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1326.117,1328.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they already have a third of the world's population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1328.56,1332.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in those two nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1332.08,1334.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order to move these curves in the right direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1334.14,1336.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has to be some economic development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1336.27,1340.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is going to require equity between nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1341.57,1345.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, in contrast to those nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1346.42,1349.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are experiencing some decline in their growth rates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1349.66,1353.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some approach to the stable population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1353.397,1358.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are many nations, of course that are not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1359.72,1361.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many nations that are in this situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1361.87,1363.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of stable or even increasing birth rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1363.92,1367.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reproductive total growth rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1367.2,1371.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in many parts of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1371.24,1372.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can already say that the rate at which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1373.75,1376.109"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the population is growing is far outstripping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1376.109,1379.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rate at which the economy is developing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1379.67,1381.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is if we're gonna make progress in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1381.99,1384.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the last graph that you saw,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1384.37,1386.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of bringing down birth rates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1386.26,1388.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we're providing more for human welfare,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1388.02,1392.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're gonna have to have the economies growing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1392.03,1394.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least faster than the birth rate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1394.33,1396.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is certainly not happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1396.29,1398.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'll show you there's a couple of examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1398.31,1400.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sort of ways of looking at that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1400.01,1402.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is a list of about 20 nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1402.39,1407.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the population is growing much faster","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1407.24,1410.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the ability of those nations to feed themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1410.41,1412.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the index here is in terms of grain production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1412.617,1415.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see the column of the rate of population growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1416.48,1419.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a column then of the grain production per person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1419.49,1423.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the grain production may be in some of the countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1423.68,1427.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increasing, but not increasing as rapidly as the population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1427.09,1430.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in some countries grain production actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1430.17,1432.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is declining rather than increasing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1432.16,1434.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's a similar kind of analysis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1435.21,1437.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is for seven nations but it's broken down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1437.68,1442.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not by national boundaries but by more ecological boundaries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1442.13,1445.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"zones in the Sahara and Sodom region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1446.44,1451.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what you can see here are estimates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1452.4,1455.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are estimates from the World Bank themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1455.43,1459.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what the agriculturally sustainable population is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1459.41,1463.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is compared then, to what the actual population is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1463.32,1468.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, take this Helion column here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1469.39,1473.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the estimate of the number the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1473.1,1478.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can be fed by the resources available to country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1478.09,1482.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are 3.9 million,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1482.94,1485.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the current actual rural population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1485.06,1488.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the current populations in those areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1488.95,1491.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are able to feed themselves now, but in those areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1491.47,1494.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the key limiting resource,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1494.48,1497.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not so much food but it's fuel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1497.54,1499.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, already the populations are larger,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1499.83,1503.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much larger then can be sustained in terms of fuel needs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1503.81,1508.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Others you can see are lacking both in terms of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1508.01,1511.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a food disparity and a fuel disparity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1511.6,1514.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the point being that in many nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1514.24,1516.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the nations, the population sizes are already exceeding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1516.18,1519.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those which can be sustained by the local populations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1519.26,1524.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been using this term 'equity' already,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1524.29,1528.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm gonna use the term sustainability a good bit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1528.0,1530.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"term that is bandied around an awful lot these days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1530.85,1535.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to be a little careful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1535.83,1537.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of saying what I mean by intergenerational equity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1537.69,1541.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's basically then the notion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1541.11,1543.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that providing for the needs of today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1543.24,1546.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without compromising the ability to provide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1546.53,1549.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the needs of future generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1549.06,1550.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is clearly a notion which is closely tied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1550.5,1553.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the concept of sustainable development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1553.6,1556.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna talk a little bit about sustainable development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1557.44,1559.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the point of view of sustainable resource use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1559.83,1564.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a figure I've adapted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1564.18,1567.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a very interesting paper by Heron and colleagues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1567.12,1572.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I wanna point out several things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1573.39,1575.758"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they feel should be included in the concept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1575.758,1578.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sustainable development or sustainable resource use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1578.74,1581.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It goes well beyond the usual notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1581.75,1585.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply of using resources at a rate that doesn't exceed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1585.13,1588.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ability of those resources to renew themselves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1588.78,1592.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In particular I'd like to point to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1592.16,1593.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two or three things on this list.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1593.72,1595.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The third one being constant natural capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1596.53,1599.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or sustainable income.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1599.47,1600.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's something I wanna come back to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1600.66,1603.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at two or three points during the lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1603.0,1606.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clearly, some of others are ones we're already","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1606.2,1608.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"familiar with in terms of anyone","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1608.79,1610.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's thought about sustainability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1610.13,1612.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fifth one, for example, limits on natural resource use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1612.36,1615.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the capacity of the environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1615.35,1617.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to supply renewable resources and assimilate waste.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1617.4,1620.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's gonna be a key element in what I'll have to 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along.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1624.35,1625.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1626.73,1627.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but clearly many of the issues here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1629.537,1632.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are things that go beyond sustainable resource use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1632.4,1636.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things more along the lines of the qualitative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1636.66,1638.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and quantitative development in human wellbeing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1638.82,1642.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think we need to have a very broad sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1642.02,1643.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of concept of what sustainable development is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1643.99,1646.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sustainable use of natural natural 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generations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1663.38,1665.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it is to say, what can be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1665.67,1668.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the most common examples that we hear about now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1668.18,1671.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are on sustainable development in the Amazonian basin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1671.18,1674.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is road building in the State of Rodania.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1674.08,1677.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the same area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1678.46,1680.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a slide from Carl Jordan in our Institute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1680.13,1684.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showing common practice of cutting the forest and burning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1684.54,1687.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a situation like this for three to five years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1687.37,1690.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the burning nutrients are high,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1690.74,1694.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you can get good returns on the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1694.21,1696.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of trickle cattle grazing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1696.77,1698.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But beyond that, the nutrients are run 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land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1703.93,1706.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that probably all of you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1706.83,1708.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could know of examples of this nature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1708.01,1711.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the notions of sustainability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1712.21,1714.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very old notions in ecology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1714.27,1716.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are rather new notions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1716.19,1717.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the whole area of development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1717.49,1720.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and new notions to people thinking about economic issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1720.928,1725.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But ecologists have thought about this for a long time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1725.9,1728.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From one particular perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1729.87,1732.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I want to try to expand that perspective this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1732.01,1735.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this is meant to be a hypothetical graph","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1735.18,1738.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"encapsulating what ecologists often have meant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1738.42,1741.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the notion of sustainability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1741.47,1744.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Usually in terms of some resource such as fisheries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1744.28,1748.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or an animal population in terms of what is the level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1748.04,1751.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at which the population can be exploited,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1751.18,1753.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the yield that is being gained.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1753.56,1756.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the notion of a maximum sustainable 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harvest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1763.96,1765.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there will be some level fluctuating through time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1765.25,1767.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the population or the resource that's being 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level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1784.63,1787.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that there is some level which is usually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1787.2,1789.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called the maximum sustainable level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1789.27,1791.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That if you go beyond that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1792.4,1794.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the population will continue to decline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1794.55,1797.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Subset in this again, hypothetical cartoon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1797.42,1800.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we exceed the MSY, we expect the population stocks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1800.9,1804.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to decline indefinitely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1804.36,1806.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there are many examples in the literature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1806.77,1808.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this sort of thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1808.91,1809.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"usually from animal populations of one sort or the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1809.76,1812.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And most of the best ones from fisheries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1812.85,1814.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you probably,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1814.91,1815.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of you have seen graphs of this sort here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1815.743,1819.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is one of Peruvian anchovy catches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1819.05,1824.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interesting thing about this particular example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1824.02,1827.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that this estimated maximum sustained yield","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1827.18,1830.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was actually estimated prior to the time in the mid '60s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1830.62,1835.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the anchovy catch actually reaches that level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1835.08,1839.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there was a warning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1839.21,1840.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There were people saying that we are on a 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crash","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1846.66,1850.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the anchovy populations, which persisted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1850.35,1853.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and still does persist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1853.54,1855.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many other similar examples of fisheries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1855.41,1857.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I won't take the time to go into.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1857.84,1860.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think one of the interesting things here though,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1860.68,1863.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to note that we now may be at a 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were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1869.78,1871.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the anchovy fisheries back in the early '60s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1871.75,1875.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is now people are made estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1875.29,1877.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what is the maximum sustained yield","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1877.38,1879.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all fisheries of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1879.8,1882.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those numbers are on the order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1882.91,1884.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a hundred or 110 million metric tons of fishes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1884.94,1889.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could be harvested every year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1889.91,1891.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on some sort of sustainable basis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1891.55,1894.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"While the current estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1894.0,1895.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the current yields are on the order of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1895.23,1899.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exceeded 95 million, are now pushing on 100 million.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1899.14,1902.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So are right at the point at where people are saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1902.3,1904.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the sustained yields are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1904.96,1906.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the future will tell whether","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1906.47,1908.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not we're going to exceed those harvests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1908.23,1912.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next decade or so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1913.149,1914.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna talk a little bit too about agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1916.953,1918.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I feel like I'm bringing coals to Newcastle in doing this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1918.94,1922.226"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'll start with an example from Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1922.226,1926.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a study that I was involved with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1926.21,1929.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not in detail, but on the periphery of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1929.32,1932.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"largely this particular part of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1932.04,1934.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it was done by Monica Turner and Jean Odom in our Institute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1934.02,1938.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what it shows is a trend in Georgia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1938.14,1942.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the production of all agricultural crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1942.44,1947.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I won't go into the methodology here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1947.01,1948.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll see it sort of a strange scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1948.61,1950.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a scale on which you can compare what's happening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1950.83,1953.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of a number of different things that works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1953.31,1956.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The basic thing to note in this graph","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1956.08,1960.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that in the 50 year period from the mid '30s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1960.64,1963.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the mid '80s, that the production doubled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1963.56,1967.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that was done by having four times the yield","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1967.67,1971.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on half as much land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1971.37,1973.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is that the total land in agriculture in Georgia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1973.04,1976.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"currently has about half of what it was 50 to 60 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1976.57,1981.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the yield per acre is four times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1981.41,1983.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But perhaps the more interesting thing is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1983.8,1985.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the costs were, what it took","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1985.55,1987.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring the yield up to that point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1987.78,1989.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see, first of all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1989.56,1990.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of commercial fertilizers, that seven times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1990.94,1995.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much fertilizer was required","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1995.56,1997.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring the yield up to that point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1997.93,1999.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in particular, in terms of nitrogen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=1999.96,2001.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"11 times as much nitrogen fertilizers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2001.61,2004.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to bring production up twofold.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2004.61,2008.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So obviously great increases in inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2008.22,2011.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to achieve those results.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2011.71,2014.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, don't worry that you can't read this graph.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2014.63,2017.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's simply meant to be a long list and to impress your mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2018.11,2020.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are lots of items on this list.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2020.79,2023.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What this list is, is confirmed pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2023.16,2026.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"detections in groundwater, clearly related to these inputs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2026.73,2030.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"High inputs into agricultural areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2030.65,2033.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what this is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2033.16,2033.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a list of pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2033.993,2035.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the ones that have a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2035.96,2037.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the second column are health advisories from the EPA,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2037.78,2041.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of the groundwater contamination levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2041.69,2044.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that over a lifetime of exposure, are advisory limits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2045.35,2050.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the third list is the States in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2050.59,2053.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these these pesticides have been detected in groundwater.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2054.21,2057.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the final is the median concentration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2057.01,2059.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you had time to see this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2059.92,2061.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you could read the numbers from where you are sitting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2061.36,2063.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you'd see is then well over half the cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2063.5,2065.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the medium concentration, the average concentration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2065.96,2068.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in those States is well above the advisory level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2068.56,2072.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That doesn't mean that huge numbers of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2072.06,2075.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being exposed to dangerous levels of contamination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2075.8,2080.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but certainly in some cases, that is the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2080.63,2083.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a direct result of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2083.95,2086.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very high input agriculture that we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2086.57,2089.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here is a world estimate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2091.44,2093.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of you will recognize this as coming from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2093.66,2096.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"World Resources Institute, of top soil loss.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2096.18,2100.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the figures to look at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2100.11,2104.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are simply comparisons of the total crop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2104.077,2106.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then to the amount of excessive loss.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2106.59,2108.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in general, the figures come out to something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2108.177,2111.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the order of 8 million tons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2111.8,2113.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry, eight tons per acre,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2113.96,2116.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of worldwide average.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2116.62,2119.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are numbers you have to take with a grain of salt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2119.33,2121.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because these are very difficult things to measure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2121.5,2123.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we all know, and particularly places like Iowa State,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2123.54,2127.686"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are massive losses of top soil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2127.686,2130.225"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many parts of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2130.225,2132.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's the one that I found particularly interesting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2133.04,2134.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, from the World Resources Institute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2134.95,2137.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is basically showing that much of the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2137.6,2142.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is a very significant decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2145.522,2147.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of ground water and in areas in many States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2147.33,2152.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of areas that are irrigated with of water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2152.44,2155.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you take this data in this particular table,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2155.6,2159.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you compare it with the next table,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2159.06,2162.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you'll find is that much of that loss is actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2162.28,2165.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the production of surplus crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2165.43,2167.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, that much of the groundwater decline,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2167.77,2171.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in areas where we're irrigating to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2171.51,2173.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produce crops that we're not consuming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2173.05,2176.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least in the short run.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2176.54,2178.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So a lot of this has to do with agricultural policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2178.9,2181.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't want to go into any details here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2181.43,2184.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And obviously I'd be on shaky grounds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2184.48,2187.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I were, with this audience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2187.51,2190.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that there are encouraging signs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2190.96,2194.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this regard as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2194.6,2196.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And places like the Land-Grant Universities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2196.91,2200.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where agricultural colleges are changing their emphasis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2200.01,2202.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more towards sustainable agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2202.82,2205.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our own university here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2205.43,2206.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have a very strong our program now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2206.93,2209.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in emphasis, jointly between ecology and agronomy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2209.34,2213.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of sustainable agricultural programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2213.17,2215.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is creating a tremendous amount of interests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2215.23,2218.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it's leading in the right direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2218.26,2220.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are lots of indications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2220.79,2223.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that many of these trends may be reversible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2223.71,2227.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think part of the reason they are reversible is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2227.57,2229.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the bare economics of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2229.89,2231.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has nothing to do with the colleges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2231.2,2233.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"screaming that we're using too much groundwater,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2233.3,2235.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that the groundwater is getting contaminated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2235.33,2237.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2237.35,2238.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's simply a matter that the net farm income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2238.42,2241.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are at best stable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2241.39,2243.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while the gross farm incomes are going up tremendously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2243.04,2245.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of production expenses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2245.91,2247.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is it's very expensive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2247.44,2249.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have agriculture of this sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2249.22,2252.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's not something that could be sustained economically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2252.8,2256.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as environmentally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2256.91,2258.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna say a little to tie this together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2260.52,2264.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some economic concepts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2264.14,2266.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, if we have any economists here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2266.32,2269.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might consider this pretty radical economics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2269.29,2271.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the basic approach that I'm taking,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2271.92,2276.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I'm gonna take in this, is as a variation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2277.03,2279.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the kind of ideas that Herman Daly has had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2279.83,2284.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I first met Herman Daly, he explained to me that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2285.4,2289.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas he was in the World Bank,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2289.8,2292.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that, that doesn't mean too much cause he's in the basement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2292.1,2294.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the room I'd say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2294.17,2295.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(chuckles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2295.11,2296.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that these are notions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2296.06,2297.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are gaining popularity in some circles in economics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2297.81,2300.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but which are still not widely appreciated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2300.53,2304.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But clearly in terms of this notion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2304.0,2305.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sustainability and world population size,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2305.76,2309.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the impact of humans, it's not just a matter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2309.906,2312.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how many of us there are, but what impact we're having.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2312.67,2315.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At some point there has to be some limit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2315.64,2317.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the total amount of pollution that we're producing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2317.99,2320.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the total amount of resources we're extracting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2320.177,2323.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this notion can be summarized in this concept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2323.36,2326.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a steady state economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2326.17,2327.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And an economic steady state, according to Daly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2327.84,2330.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a constant stock of physical wealth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2330.83,2333.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a constant stock of people that is 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get,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2389.39,2391.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not just the things that come from","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2391.48,2393.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the human made economy, from the market 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automobiles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2398.67,2401.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there's also a flux of services from natural ecosystems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2401.15,2403.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is clean air and clean water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2403.91,2406.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the kinds of things that we appreciate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2406.29,2409.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about natural 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them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2432.25,2434.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I went back to follow up on one point of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2434.71,2437.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, in doing so to put out a different 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depleting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2448.304,2450.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"utilizing the natural products from the ecosystem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2450.16,2452.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the rate at which we're speeding back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2452.94,2455.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the flow of the degraded goods back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2455.74,2460.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the ecosystem as pollution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2460.87,2463.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Daly's basic notion of a steady state economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2463.19,2467.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is based on what he calls 'a stop constraint.'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2467.47,2470.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the basic idea of this, is that Daly says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2470.37,2474.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need to decide what are acceptable levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2474.81,2478.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of human collective wealth, and that we need to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2478.02,2480.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"adjust the throughput to those levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2480.71,2482.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What are our goals and aspirations that we see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2482.99,2485.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being acceptable?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2485.51,2487.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this could be summarized as saying that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2487.55,2489.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the goal then of economic development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2489.783,2492.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to minimize throughput necessary to maintain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2492.09,2495.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an acceptable level of stock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2495.11,2497.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't find that, personally, the right approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2497.03,2499.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to propose an alternative approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2499.273,2502.464"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what I call 'throughput constraints.'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2502.464,2504.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here are the basic ideas not to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2504.57,2506.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is acceptable level of wealth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2506.5,2509.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think we can ever do that, as a society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2509.95,2513.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly not as many societies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2513.1,2515.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Instead is to say that the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2515.93,2517.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which we should approach these problems is to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2517.93,2520.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decide what are sustainable levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2520.06,2521.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of natural resource extraction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2521.84,2523.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's an input constraint.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2523.84,2525.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we should make some efforts as agencies like the EPA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2525.43,2529.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have done with very much controversy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2529.48,2531.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what the ability of ecosystems is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2531.92,2533.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assimilate the waste that we produce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2533.72,2536.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's an 'output constraint.'","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2536.09,2537.846"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that our goal should be to maximize the services gain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2537.846,2541.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the constraints on the throughput,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2541.05,2543.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than trying to decide what is acceptable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2543.1,2546.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this has a lot of advantages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2546.54,2548.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'll just briefly mention what these advantages 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decide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2555.55,2557.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on what an acceptable level of human welfare might be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2557.76,2562.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We all have different 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that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2567.39,2568.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that beyond that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2568.223,2569.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the notion of focusing on the throughput constraints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2569.68,2574.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than on the stock constraints","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2575.03,2577.499"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gives more of an emphasis to efficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2577.499,2580.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it gives a hope that the quality of life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2580.6,2583.448"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be continuously improved, that is rather than 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for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2587.44,2590.528"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can say that the quality of life maybe has no bounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2590.528,2594.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That human innovation and human ingenuity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2594.39,2597.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given these constraints,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2597.82,2599.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"given the constraints on the input and the outputs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2599.17,2603.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's no bound to the extent to which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2603.57,2606.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can use our resources more efficiently we than we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2606.15,2608.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the past, giving hope,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2608.78,2610.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"giving great hope that the economies of developing nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2610.97,2614.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can improve to a level of equivalent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2614.42,2617.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the standard of living that's enjoyed in other nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2617.81,2622.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at same time that the standard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2622.64,2624.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of living in developed nations can remain high,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2624.53,2627.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with much less throughput.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2627.83,2630.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a lot of reason to be optimistic in this regard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2631.202,2633.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I had originally a number of slides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2633.72,2635.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was gonna give examples of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2635.68,2637.447"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I've taken them out simply because of time constraints,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2637.447,2640.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the third constraint I guess we have tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2640.767,2642.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I did want to at least mention that one aspect of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2642.91,2645.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is the whole question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2645.67,2648.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how can you have sustainable use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2648.28,2650.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the depletable resources or non-renewing resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2650.44,2654.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These notions we talked about earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2654.41,2656.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of those things from ecology, in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2656.17,2659.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sustainable use of renewable resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2659.07,2661.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"worked fine for many of the kinds of natural ecosystems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2661.53,2664.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the things that we would derive from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2664.4,2666.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what about the whole notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2666.337,2667.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of resources that don't renew themselves?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2667.99,2670.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Does it make any sense to consider the concept","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2670.33,2673.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a sustainable use of non-renewable resources?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2673.62,2677.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are ideas along this line now, and one way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2677.33,2681.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of summarizing the ideas is simply to say that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2681.01,2684.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the concept of sustainable use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2684.49,2687.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of non-renewable resources does make sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2687.95,2690.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the point of view, that you don't deplete the stocks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2690.51,2694.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of non-renewable resources at a rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2694.93,2697.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is faster than you build the capability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2697.29,2701.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of producing a renewable substitute for that resource.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2701.24,2705.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And perhaps the very best example is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2705.35,2707.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in energy resources, that is that you don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2707.21,2710.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deplete the fossil fuel stocks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2710.36,2713.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faster than you build the capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2713.18,2716.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for producing renewable substitutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2716.09,2720.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for that non-renewable resource.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2720.14,2722.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And clearly things like wind power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2722.91,2725.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hydro, and geothermal, and particularly solar power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2725.33,2730.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with new thought of rotate technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2730.17,2734.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are great steps in this direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2734.17,2736.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a slide that some of you have probably seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2736.12,2739.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Altamont pass in California","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2739.1,2741.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a single acre of land produces an average income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2741.18,2745.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of about $10,000 per year,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2745.44,2748.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply from the electricity that's generated there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2748.12,2750.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the wind power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2750.48,2752.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in terms of sustainable energy resource.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2752.63,2757.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think we can go well beyond this and that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=2757.96,2760.603"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27387/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/387/original/AV204155_Ecological_Principles_in_Land_Use_a.vtt?1622148358","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/387/original/AV204155_Ecological_Principles_in_Land_Use_a.vtt?1622148358"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27388","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204155_Ecological_Principles_in_Land_Use_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634/transcript/27388/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Jim] Good evening. My name is Jim Peace, I'm a faculty member in the Department of Animal Ecology, here at Iowa State. And I'm pleased that so many of you braved what seems to be a typical anchorage spring here in Iowa, to come out and be with us this evening. On behalf of the department, I wanna welcome you to the 29th Paul Arrington memorial lecture. This long running lecture series is in memory of Dr. Paul Arrington, a well-known member of this ISU department, from 1932 until his death in 1962. We think it's a fitting tribute to this famous ecologist that this lecture series annually brings to campus, the best and the brightest in the broad field of ecology. I refer you to the last three pages of your program for a more complete biography of Dr. Arrington. And certainly want to refer you to his many books, that short-chart his effect upon the history of ecological society and ecology in the United States. The foresight and the generosity of Mrs. Carolyn Arrington, has made this lecture series possible. Mrs. Arrington, would you please stand and be recognized? We'd like to thank you very much. One of the annual highlights of bringing speakers to campus is a luncheon or a dinner with Mrs. Arrington. And I guarantee you, it is a real treat. Thank you, Carolyn. I'd also like to acknowledge other members of the planning committee for this event, Dr. Brent Danielson, Brent where are you? There he is. Okay. And PhD candidate, Mike Bryan. We're joined in sponsorship of this event by several other members of the campus community, besides the animal ecology department and the Arrington Memorial lecture fund. Co-sponsors include the committee on lectures funded by GSB, the graduate college, the Leopold center for sustainable agriculture, the fisheries and wildlife biology club, the departments of agronomy, botany, forestry, and landscape architecture, and the environmental studies program. We thank these groups for their contributions. In addition to tonight's lecture, Dr. Pulliam will be delivering a graduate seminar tomorrow noon, in room 102 Science One, Old science as some people know it. The title of that lecture will be, \"Mapping Animal Population Dynamics on Changing Landscapes.\" Please join us for that presentation as well. Following tonight's lecture, there will be refreshments served in the lobby outside, right outside this room. Please feel free to stay and talk among yourselves, and with with our speaker. Now on to tonight's lecture. Dr. Ronald Pulliam is currently the Director of the Institute of Ecology and professor in the Department of Zoology at the University of Georgia. He received his BS degree with honors, from the University of Georgia in 1968. And his PhD from Duke University, two years later in 1970. For six years, I told both my wife and my major professor that simply wasn't possible. So, it was impressive to see that it certainly is. During his career, Dr. Pulliam has served on the faculties of the State University of New York at Albany, and the University of Arizona in addition to the University of Georgia. Among his many and very professional responsibilities, he served on the editorial board of a ecology and ecological monographs. He's immediate past president of the Ecological Society of America. He's a trustee of the Georgia Conservancy, he's vice president for global change studies at the Southeastern University's research association, a member of the Olympic Environmental Support Group, and he's chair currently of the Georgia Environmental Education Council. Quite a varied patulous, to his career. He's authored and co-authored some 62 professional articles and book chapters, several with other very noted ecologists including especially Eugene Odum. His published articles range from theoretical treatises on resource partitioning by birds and various ecosystems, to social learning models of humans, to the application of ecological principles, to the management of large landscapes. His presentation tonight is entitled, \"Ecology Economics and the Limits to Human Population Growth.\" Dr. Pulliam.\r\n\r\n- [Dr. Pulliam] Thank you Jim. I am delighted to be here, despite the weather that is brewing outside. It's certainly a great honor to give a lecture in memory of professor Arrington, oh thank you. I think like most ecologists, I was quite influenced by professor Arrington's works, and well-schooled in his various ideas about the complex interactions involved in the population dynamics regulations of natural populations. I think that also, like most of ecologists, most of my professional activities in terms of understanding population dynamics, has focused on animal populations, not including that animal which has the greatest impact on the planet. And so tonight I want to divert a little from my usual professional course and say a little bit about what might be viewed as the ultimate keystone species, the species which clearly has the most impact on other species on the planet. I think that virtually everyone now who's thought about this general topic, recognizes that there are two components to the question of human impact. And one is simply human population size. And that's perhaps what we've heard the most about, how many people there are. But of course, there's also the general question of what impact those people have. And certainly people living in poverty in Bangladesh, have a very different impact on their environment than people living in affluent societies like our own. So I want to talk this evening a good bit about the interface, essentially between ecology and economics, the developmental interface and some questions about the trends that are emerging in terms of both population dynamics and impact and what the prospect might be. And I wanna end on the note of the question of what indeed might regulate human populations. What might we expect in the next century in terms of the size of the human population, and what kind of impact it might be having on the planet. And I want to, in the course of this evening's lecture differ from some of the current thinking in these ideas, in ways that will be kind of explicit as we go along. If we could have the slides turned on I'm gonna work mostly from the slides. Clearly people do not set out to ruin the planet. It's not the goal of human activities to degrade the environment in such a way that future generations might have a harder time making a living than our own current generation. What humans intend to do, is they intend to improve the quality of their own lives. And so our activities that are aimed at such things as are listed here; food production, shelter, consumer goods, et cetera, also have unintended results. And those unintended results are only in the last few decades receiving widespread attention. But clearly in terms of the activities listed on the left, the things that we do to our environment in order to have improved quality of life, the impacts go well beyond the intended results. And include things such as soil degradation, deforestation, pollution, all the sorts of issues that we hear about daily. Now there are varying opinions about what the trajectory of human population growth might look like over the next century. And I think the one thing that can be said about all of these opinions is that they're nothing more than opinions. No one knows, no one's done the experiments. No one can in any rigorous way say what the population trends would be in the next 50 to 100 years. So you will hear this evening one other opinion, one that I hope that I can convince you has some merit to it. This is perhaps the most widely held belief as to what in general, the population trends of the world will look like in the next 100 years. This is not the trend that most ecologists would recommend, would suggest are most likely to occur. Most ecologists talk about exponential growth. Talk about human populations, which are increasing if anything more rapidly than exponential, because the rate of increase itself is increasing. This is the kind of projection that is talked about in much more formal circles. The formal circles of places like the World Bank and the UN. Most people who have worked in development agencies, would now agree that the world population will stabilize sometime during the next century. The various projections differ, but they all include several elements in common. The most frequently mentioned one is a population size which will sometime around the middle to the end of the next century, stabilize at somewhere between various estimates as low as eight and a half billion people, and as high as 12 billion people, but most commonly ten-ten and a half billion people. I want this evening to talk about the assumptions that are being used to make those kinds of projections. I wanna talk about what might be more realistic assumptions, and I'm gonna say some things that won't agree either with what you would hear in the UN or the World Bank perhaps, but also might not agree with what you often hear with the way ecologists deliver discussions on this same topic. One of the things I wanna do is to talk about the logic behind these kinds of projections, where is it that people get the notion that the world population is suddenly going to start leveling out. Where did they get the idea, that rather than exponential growth, that we are going to have some sort of stabilization of the population during the next century. Now, there are places on earth, a fair number of them actually, where we have reached something close to zero population growth. Just some of the countries that you can see here that are either at or extremely close to, West Germany actually has a declining population, and it's slightly declining. There was concern there that the labor pool may not be large enough to meet the needs in the future. Places like Luxembourg, Switzerland, Denmark, et cetera. Mostly very affluent Western European nations. There are a number of other nations, which are close to ZPG. Again mostly European nations, so a little more broadly distributed, with very low population growth rates and growth rates which are approaching quite rapidly, the replacement level. Now, on the other hand, there are many many nations, which are not showing this pattern. And what many demographers, human demographers do at this point is try to make various projections about where the human population levels, and various nations might eventually stabilize in the few countries where the population trends have already leveled out. We can say with some certainty, what the population size is now. But this is a matter of conjecture. I wanna talk about sort of the methodology that's used in doing this, and sort of what the reasoning is. Here you see various examples of what might happen in terms of the populations that might be achieved, when a stationary population finally does occur, if it does occur. For example, China now with a billion people, roughly this is early 1980s estimate, China has a estimated stationary population size of about a billion and a half people. Now, actually, that's probably not a very bad number in the sense of, in China many of the trends have already occurred. I'm gonna talk something about the demographic transition, the fertility transition, the kinds of terms human demographers use in discussing these topics. And what has already happened in China does give some credible basis for making a projection. Now no one knows that it's gonna be a billion and a half people. It may be well off, and it may not stabilize at all, but at least there are certain trends which have already kicked in, which are moving in this direction. The same could even be said in India, where now, the order of 700 million people live. But you can see that the stable population that is being projected is on the order of 1.7 billion people. And of course, that is assuming that the subcontinent of India can actually accommodate 1.7 billion people. The current world population of 5.2 billion or a little more now is already, we all know it's difficult to accommodate the people that are on earth in terms of their food, shelter, needs, et cetera. The population is projected on the order of 10 to 12 billion people by these agencies of the sort that I've mentioned before. No one really knows how we're gonna feed them. Where are the resources gonna come from, then. And so maybe India will reach 1.7 billion people. Maybe it won't, I'll have more to say about this sort of topic. Now the most frightening sorts of projections are not even from these countries, but from parts of the world we don't think of as being the mega-population countries now. Places like Ethiopia and Nigeria in particular. Nigeria currently has a growth rate of about 3%. That's about the same growth rate it's had since the mid '60s. The actual birth rate of Nigeria has dropped very slightly. The death rate has dropped even more. And if anything, there is an increasing rate of growth in that country. The UN projections are that approximately 600% population of the current population will be in that country. And Nigeria's population, according to the UN, should stabilize sometime near the year 2030. And when I say stabilize, what I mean in this point is that that nation should reach what we would think of as ZPG, that there is the replacement level of fertility in the nation. The population will expand some beyond that because of the age structure in the population. Now, where do the numbers come from? Why do people think that Nigeria will stabilize at 600 million people as it's shown here? Well, I think that primarily what we could say is numbers come from optimism. They come from a view that what has happened in other countries will happen there. I'm gonna talk in a minute about this concept of demographic transition that many people think that most nations go through a process whereby after the death rates in the nation fall, and after economic development in that nation occurs, the birth rates will eventually decline. And, what the population projections are based upon, is somebody's notion about when that will happen. And like I mentioned before in countries like China there's some basis for doing that because the trends are already headed in those directions. But in countries like Nigeria and Ethiopia, the trends are actually in the opposite direction. That is Ethiopia has gone from a percentage growth rate per year of about 2.8% up to about 3.2%, in the last 20 years. They have gone from a birth rate per a thousand people of around 48 births per 1000 people, to 51 births per 1000 people. The actual difference between birth and death rates in countries like Ethiopia is increasing not decreasing. So their trends in the opposite direction. Nonetheless, the UN is projecting that in the year 2050, Ethiopia will reach the ingredients for a stationary population. I think that, that is based on nothing but optimism on the notion that these countries will follow the course of development in other countries. And so that's something we need to look at in this evening's lecture. Now here's a very brief cartoon almost of the concept of the demographic transition. And many of you will be familiar with this, but just for those of you who aren't, I will go over it briefly. But this is really the basic concept that underlies all of the predictions about what's happening in terms of the future, in terms of human population growth and the kinds of projections that I suppose that the human population will level out. If you look at this, first look at the far left where it's characterized as low growth rate. This is meant to be pre-industrialization. Pre-development kinds of situations, where the birth and death rates are roughly in equilibrium. There was some fluctuation and I, in both. So there'll be some fluctuation in the population size. With development, then increased healthcare increased access to things which will save people's lives, the notion is that death rates will decline. We've seen that all around the world, with the provision of aid to developing nations, death rates have indeed declined. The catcher is not death rates declining, it's whether or not birth rates will decline. In the Western nations, in the nations of the Western Europe, for example are the ones that have reached ZPG. Birth rates have declined very precipitously to the point now where they have caught up with the death rates. And there's a new equilibrium, which has been reached. And in some cases, the birth rates are actually below the death rates. But that is, it's only conjecture that that will occur and occur elsewhere. Now what is it that supposedly drives this change? What is it that would lead for a birth rate to decline? And I think that there are sort of two elements of that. One of which I'll mention first in terms of what's generally referred to as economic development. But the other has to do with giving people the kinds of choices that would be necessary for people to have control of their own reproduction. And that's what I will return to later in the lecture. This is one of the main elements of what is behind the notion, what an animal ecologists might call the mechanism of population change. What is it that drives changes in birth birth rates? And the data is actually rather convincing, that there is a very strong relationship, though it's not necessarily clear what the cause and effect is, there is a very strong relationship between various measures, imperfect though they may be, of the welfare of people, the economic welfare, economic development, in this case Gross National Product, in US dollars, but of various nations around the world, and the birth rate. And it's very clear looking a the graph like this, that those nations which are most affluent, are those nations which have the lowest birth rate. Now this is misleading, in that there's a lot of scatter here. And one wants to know what counts for the deviations around those lines, and we can get to that somewhat towards the end of the lecture, but primarily, a lot of that deviation around the line, a lot of what makes a difference between a factor of several percentage points in growth rates, is the kinds of attitudes the governments have towards making available healthcare and education information and information that allows people to control their reproductive success. I don't want to talk in any more detail about this particular graph, but I do think it is sort of a key to understanding notions about human population growth and economic development. One thing I will say, and that is that it should be fairly obvious looking at a graph like this, that if we do live in a world of limited resources and limited wealth, that to bring down the curve on the left, that is to increase the economic welfare of the poorest nations, will require some change in what's happening on the far right. That is that there would be, and I'll get to this notion when we talk about economic development in a minute, not necessarily what we would normally refer to as redistribution of wealth, but at least sharing of resources that would allow more equitable distribution of resources and therefore some possibility that the countries on the far left here, which isn't the bulk of the world, and if you see places like China and India, they already have a third of the world's population in those two nations. In order to move these curves in the right direction, there has to be some economic development that is going to require equity between nations. Now, in contrast to those nations, which are experiencing some decline in their growth rates, and some approach to the stable population, there are many nations, of course that are not. Many nations that are in this situation of stable or even increasing birth rates and reproductive total growth rates. And in many parts of the world, you can already say that the rate at which the population is growing is far outstripping the rate at which the economy is developing. That is if we're gonna make progress in terms of the last graph that you saw, in terms of bringing down birth rates, because we're providing more for human welfare, we're gonna have to have the economies growing at least faster than the birth rate. And this is certainly not happening. And I'll show you there's a couple of examples of sort of ways of looking at that. Here is a list of about 20 nations, where the population is growing much faster than the ability of those nations to feed themselves. And the index here is in terms of grain production, you can see the column of the rate of population growth, and a column then of the grain production per person. And the grain production may be in some of the countries increasing, but not increasing as rapidly as the population, and in some countries grain production actually is declining rather than increasing. Here's a similar kind of analysis. This is for seven nations but it's broken down, not by national boundaries but by more ecological boundaries zones in the Sahara and Sodom region. And what you can see here are estimates. And these are estimates from the World Bank themselves, of what the agriculturally sustainable population is. And that is compared then, to what the actual population is. For example, take this Helion column here, where the estimate of the number the people that can be fed by the resources available to country are 3.9 million, which is the current actual rural population. So the current populations in those areas are able to feed themselves now, but in those areas the key limiting resource, is not so much food but it's fuel. And, already the populations are larger, much larger then can be sustained in terms of fuel needs. Others you can see are lacking both in terms of a food disparity and a fuel disparity. But the point being that in many nations, the nations, the population sizes are already exceeding those which can be sustained by the local populations. I've been using this term 'equity' already, and I'm gonna use the term sustainability a good bit, term that is bandied around an awful lot these days. I want to be a little careful in terms of saying what I mean by intergenerational equity. And it's basically then the notion, that providing for the needs of today, without compromising the ability to provide for the needs of future generations. This is clearly a notion which is closely tied to the concept of sustainable development. I wanna talk a little bit about sustainable development from the point of view of sustainable resource use. And this is a figure I've adapted from a very interesting paper by Heron and colleagues. And I wanna point out several things that they feel should be included in the concept of sustainable development or sustainable resource use. It goes well beyond the usual notion simply of using resources at a rate that doesn't exceed the ability of those resources to renew themselves. In particular I'd like to point to two or three things on this list. The third one being constant natural capital or sustainable income. And that's something I wanna come back to, at two or three points during the lecture. Clearly, some of others are ones we're already familiar with in terms of anyone who's thought about sustainability. The fifth one, for example, limits on natural resource use within the capacity of the environment to supply renewable resources and assimilate waste. That's gonna be a key element in what I'll have to say as we move along. And, but clearly many of the issues here are things that go beyond sustainable resource use, things more along the lines of the qualitative and quantitative development in human wellbeing. So I think we need to have a very broad sort of concept of what sustainable development is, and sustainable use of natural natural resources. Now, I think it's clear to all of us, what is unsustainable. It's very much easier, I think, to say, what is unsustainable development, what can't be sustained for future generations, than it is to say, what can be. One of the most common examples that we hear about now are on sustainable development in the Amazonian basin. This is road building in the State of Rodania. This is the same area. This is a slide from Carl Jordan in our Institute, showing common practice of cutting the forest and burning, and a situation like this for three to five years after the burning nutrients are high, and you can get good returns on the land in terms of trickle cattle grazing. But beyond that, the nutrients are run out and the system is simply not sustainable in terms of any economic use of the land. I think that probably all of you could know of examples of this nature. Now, the notions of sustainability are very old notions in ecology. There are rather new notions to the whole area of development and new notions to people thinking about economic issues. But ecologists have thought about this for a long time. From one particular perspective, and I want to try to expand that perspective this evening, but this is meant to be a hypothetical graph encapsulating what ecologists often have meant by the notion of sustainability. Usually in terms of some resource such as fisheries or an animal population in terms of what is the level at which the population can be exploited, in terms of the yield that is being gained. And the notion of a maximum sustainable yield. The notion is very simple. That is that, if there's no harvest there will be some level fluctuating through time of the population or the resource that's being harvested. At a low harvest rate, the standing stock will be declined but still will be sustainable in the sense of it's not declining continuously. It's only declined from the no harvest level. But that there is some level which is usually called the maximum sustainable level. That if you go beyond that, that the population will continue to decline. Subset in this again, hypothetical cartoon. If we exceed the MSY, we expect the population stocks to decline indefinitely. Now there are many examples in the literature, of this sort of thing, usually from animal populations of one sort or the other. And most of the best ones from fisheries. And you probably, many of you have seen graphs of this sort here. This is one of Peruvian anchovy catches. The interesting thing about this particular example is that this estimated maximum sustained yield was actually estimated prior to the time in the mid '60s, that the anchovy catch actually reaches that level. So there was a warning. There were people saying that we are on a course of exceeding the MSY of anchovy fisheries and sure enough when it was exceeded, a massive crash in the anchovy populations, which persisted and still does persist. Many other similar examples of fisheries that I won't take the time to go into. I think one of the interesting things here though, is to note that we now may be at a point in the global fisheries of all fisheries combined, which is close to the point where we were in the anchovy fisheries back in the early '60s. And that is now people are made estimates of what is the maximum sustained yield of all fisheries of the world. And those numbers are on the order of a hundred or 110 million metric tons of fishes, could be harvested every year on some sort of sustainable basis. While the current estimates of the current yields are on the order of, exceeded 95 million, are now pushing on 100 million. So are right at the point at where people are saying the sustained yields are and the future will tell whether or not we're going to exceed those harvests, in the next decade or so. I wanna talk a little bit too about agriculture. I feel like I'm bringing coals to Newcastle in doing this. So I'll start with an example from Georgia. And this is a study that I was involved with, not in detail, but on the periphery of, largely this particular part of, it was done by Monica Turner and Jean Odom in our Institute. And what it shows is a trend in Georgia of the production of all agricultural crops. I won't go into the methodology here you'll see it sort of a strange scale. There's a scale on which you can compare what's happening in terms of a number of different things that works. The basic thing to note in this graph is that in the 50 year period from the mid '30s to the mid '80s, that the production doubled but that was done by having four times the yield on half as much land. That is that the total land in agriculture in Georgia, currently has about half of what it was 50 to 60 years ago. And the yield per acre is four times. But perhaps the more interesting thing is what the costs were, what it took to bring the yield up to that point. And you can see, first of all in terms of commercial fertilizers, that seven times as much fertilizer was required to bring the yield up to that point. And in particular, in terms of nitrogen, 11 times as much nitrogen fertilizers to bring production up twofold. So obviously great increases in inputs in order to achieve those results. Now, don't worry that you can't read this graph. It's simply meant to be a long list and to impress your mind that there are lots of items on this list. What this list is, is confirmed pesticides detections in groundwater, clearly related to these inputs. High inputs into agricultural areas. And what this is, is a list of pesticides. And the ones that have a number in the second column are health advisories from the EPA, in terms of the groundwater contamination levels, that over a lifetime of exposure, are advisory limits. And then the third list is the States in which these these pesticides have been detected in groundwater. And the final is the median concentration. And if you had time to see this and you could read the numbers from where you are sitting, what you'd see is then well over half the cases the medium concentration, the average concentration in those States is well above the advisory level. That doesn't mean that huge numbers of people are being exposed to dangerous levels of contamination, but certainly in some cases, that is the case. And this is a direct result of this very high input agriculture that we have. Here is a world estimate, and some of you will recognize this as coming from World Resources Institute, of top soil loss. I think that the figures to look at are simply comparisons of the total crop and then to the amount of excessive loss. And in general, the figures come out to something on the order of 8 million tons, I'm sorry, eight tons per acre, in terms of worldwide average. These are numbers you have to take with a grain of salt because these are very difficult things to measure, but we all know, and particularly places like Iowa State, that there are massive losses of top soil in many parts of the world. Here's the one that I found particularly interesting. And again, from the World Resources Institute. And this is basically showing that much of the, that there is a very significant decline in terms of ground water and in areas in many States in terms of areas that are irrigated with of water. And if you take this data in this particular table, and you compare it with the next table, what you'll find is that much of that loss is actually for the production of surplus crops. That is, that much of the groundwater decline, is in areas where we're irrigating to produce crops that we're not consuming at least in the short run. So a lot of this has to do with agricultural policy. And I don't want to go into any details here. And obviously I'd be on shaky grounds if I were, with this audience. But I think that there are encouraging signs in this regard as well. And places like the Land-Grant Universities, where agricultural colleges are changing their emphasis, much more towards sustainable agriculture. In our own university here, we have a very strong our program now in emphasis, jointly between ecology and agronomy in terms of sustainable agricultural programs that is creating a tremendous amount of interests. And I think it's leading in the right direction. And there are lots of indications that many of these trends may be reversible. I think part of the reason they are reversible is the bare economics of it. It has nothing to do with the colleges screaming that we're using too much groundwater, or that the groundwater is getting contaminated with pesticides. It's simply a matter that the net farm income are at best stable, while the gross farm incomes are going up tremendously because of production expenses. That is it's very expensive to have agriculture of this sort. And it's not something that could be sustained economically, as well as environmentally. I wanna say a little to tie this together with some economic concepts. And, if we have any economists here you might consider this pretty radical economics. But the basic approach that I'm taking, that I'm gonna take in this, is as a variation on the kind of ideas that Herman Daly has had. And when I first met Herman Daly, he explained to me that, whereas he was in the World Bank, that, that doesn't mean too much cause he's in the basement of the room I'd say. I think that these are notions which are gaining popularity in some circles in economics but which are still not widely appreciated. But clearly in terms of this notion, of sustainability and world population size, if the impact of humans, it's not just a matter of how many of us there are, but what impact we're having. At some point there has to be some limit, to the total amount of pollution that we're producing and the total amount of resources we're extracting. And this notion can be summarized in this concept of a steady state economy. And an economic steady state, according to Daly, it's a constant stock of physical wealth and a constant stock of people that is population. And much of Daly's thinking on this can be summarized in this one graph. And I'll use this as a springboard for first agreeing with Daly and then disagreeing with him on one particular technical point. Daily's beginning point is to say that the service that we receive, the things that we want as human beings, the things that improve our quality of life are both a function of the economy and the natural ecosystems. And that economy and natural ecosystems are tightly linked as indicated here. But that the stocks of goods that we have in the economy, come from production and depletion of things that occur in natural ecosystems. And that eventually those feedback and then there's pollution and things that degrade the ecosystems themselves. And that the service that we receive, the things that we, the goods and services that we get, are not just the things that come from the human made economy, from the market economy on the right, that is it's not just televisions and toasters and automobiles, but there's also a flux of services from natural ecosystems. And this is clean air and clean water, and the kinds of things that we appreciate about natural systems. And that there's just as much human service there. And the activities in terms of maximizing the market economy often increase the pollution, which decreased the service from the natural ecosystems. Now, clearly this is a thumbnail sketch and I sort of feel like in this talk what I'm doing is more outlining a talk and giving a talk. In the sense of, I'm trying to cover many points and try to relate them together, and not going very much into depth in any of them. But I went back to follow up on one point of this. And, in doing so to put out a different notion than what Daly has proposed. Daly talks a lot about throughput. You can see it here in the middle, as being measured either as the rate at which we're depleting utilizing the natural products from the ecosystem, are the rate at which we're speeding back. And the flow of the degraded goods back into the ecosystem as pollution. And Daly's basic notion of a steady state economy, is based on what he calls 'a stop constraint.' And the basic idea of this, is that Daly says we need to decide what are acceptable levels of human collective wealth, and that we need to adjust the throughput to those levels. What are our goals and aspirations that we see as being acceptable? And this could be summarized as saying that the goal then of economic development is to minimize throughput necessary to maintain an acceptable level of stock. I don't find that, personally, the right approach. And I want to propose an alternative approach. And that's what I call 'throughput constraints.' And here are the basic ideas not to say what is acceptable level of wealth. I don't think we can ever do that, as a society and certainly not as many societies. Instead is to say that the way in which we should approach these problems is to decide what are sustainable levels of natural resource extraction. And that's an input constraint. And we should make some efforts as agencies like the EPA have done with very much controversy, on what the ability of ecosystems is to assimilate the waste that we produce. That's an 'output constraint.' And that our goal should be to maximize the services gain, given the constraints on the throughput, rather than trying to decide what is acceptable. And I think this has a lot of advantages and I'll just briefly mention what these advantages are. I think the most obvious one is that it's gonna be virtually impossible to decide on what an acceptable level of human welfare might be. We all have different notions and different cultures and different backgrounds, to prevent that. But I think that beyond that, that the notion of focusing on the throughput constraints rather than on the stock constraints gives more of an emphasis to efficiency. And it gives a hope that the quality of life can be continuously improved, that is rather than saying this is the quality of life we all agree we are going to aspire for. We can say that the quality of life maybe has no bounds. That human innovation and human ingenuity given these constraints, given the constraints on the input and the outputs, that there's no bound to the extent to which we can use our resources more efficiently we than we have in the past, giving hope, giving great hope that the economies of developing nations can improve to a level of equivalent to the standard of living that's enjoyed in other nations. But at same time that the standard of living in developed nations can remain high, with much less throughput. And there's a lot of reason to be optimistic in this regard. And I had originally a number of slides, and was gonna give examples of this. And I've taken them out simply because of time constraints, the third constraint I guess we have tonight, but I did want to at least mention that one aspect of this. And that is the whole question of how can you have sustainable use of the depletable resources or non-renewing resources. These notions we talked about earlier in terms of those things from ecology, in terms of sustainable use of renewable resources, worked fine for many of the kinds of natural ecosystems and the things that we would derive from them. But what about the whole notion of resources that don't renew themselves? Does it make any sense to consider the concept of a sustainable use of non-renewable resources? And there are ideas along this line now, and one way of summarizing the ideas is simply to say that the concept of sustainable use of non-renewable resources does make sense from the point of view, that you don't deplete the stocks of non-renewable resources at a rate which is faster than you build the capability of producing a renewable substitute for that resource. And perhaps the very best example is in energy resources, that is that you don't deplete the fossil fuel stocks faster than you build the capacity for producing renewable substitutes for that non-renewable resource. And clearly things like wind power and hydro, and geothermal, and particularly solar power, with new thought of rotate technologies, are great steps in this direction. This is a slide that some of you have probably seen of the Altamont pass in California where a single acre of land produces an average income of about $10,000 per year, simply from the electricity that's generated there from the wind power, and in terms of sustainable energy resource. But I think we can go well beyond this and that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115634#t=0.0,2765.016"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e Narrator:\u003c/strong\u003e Renewable fossil fuel resource","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=5.29,7.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is increasing the efficiency with which we will utilize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=7.47,10.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the electricity that we already generate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=10.43,13.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other fuels that we already generate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=13.36,15.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's a topic in itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=15.01,16.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we could spend a lot of time on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=16.39,19.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me try now to pull a few things together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=19.13,23.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and end on the note of sort of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=23.27,24.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the role of ecology is in this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=24.823,27.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and realizing that what I've done this evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=27.64,30.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very much a thumbnail sketch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=30.6,32.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'd like to end on some notions of sustainability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=32.14,36.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which go beyond the notion of simple, sustainable use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=36.24,40.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a renewable resource","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=40.58,43.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and begin with the notion of ecosystem sustainability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=43.08,46.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I define as a maintenance for an indefinite period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=46.87,49.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of time of the integrity of an ecosystem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=49.13,52.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without degrading the integrity of other ecosystems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=52.25,54.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this idea of interactions between them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=54.92,57.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where integrity includes notions of productivity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=57.21,59.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diversity and adaptability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=59.55,61.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This needs to be fleshed out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=62.9,65.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think at least at two very different sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=65.83,68.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of spatial scales, one of which is the landscape scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=68.03,73.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we could spend an hour talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=74.42,76.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the details of this, but I'd simply like to say that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=76.52,80.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the outline of what landscape sustainability might include","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=80.685,85.685"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is five different points.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=87.08,88.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the first is sustainable production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=88.93,91.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the whole notion of sustainable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=91.83,93.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including the notion of providing for current needs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=93.95,98.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the production of food and fiber, et cetera,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=98.67,100.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but without the loss of soil fertility,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=100.88,105.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without the accumulation of toxic residue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=105.56,108.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a whole area of low input agriculture and agroecology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=108.0,112.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Hydrologic balance, I think is a level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=112.51,114.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is something at the landscape level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=114.28,116.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we need to be paying more attention to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=116.04,118.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've mentioned now some of the groundwater depletion issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=118.13,121.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this part of the nation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=124.09,125.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wetlands issues are still a major issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=125.31,127.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even though you've lost most of the wetlands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=127.97,129.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I understand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=129.521,131.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some notions that come more from ecosystem ecology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=132.88,135.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of biogeochemical balances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=135.63,138.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In our part of the country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=138.43,140.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the big issues now is the declining production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=140.46,143.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or growth rates of pine trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=143.45,145.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since so much of the rural economy depends on forestry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=145.16,149.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of conflicting evidence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=149.65,151.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there are a lot of suggestion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=151.89,153.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the actual rate of pollution of nutrients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=153.47,156.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the systems is exceeding the rate of renewal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=156.08,159.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such that, if you harvest pine trees every 20 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=159.83,163.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have a net loss of nutrients in the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=163.62,166.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sort of a biogeochemical negative balance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=166.26,169.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore a decline in the growth rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=169.13,171.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over long periods of time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=171.32,172.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you can go through a couple of cycles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=172.48,175.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of harvest of 20 or 25 year pine plantations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=175.46,179.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you can't do that indefinitely.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=179.71,182.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one that I think that typically an audience like this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=182.0,184.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we certainly can't overlook them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=184.76,187.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is net loss of biological diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=187.02,190.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the same sort of notions need to be also thought of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=190.86,193.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a much larger scale, the regional, the global scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=193.47,196.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And clearly at the top of the list here is this notion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=196.92,199.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of stabilization of the global population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=199.16,202.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the others have to do with stabilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=202.86,204.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essentially of the global economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=204.88,207.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the impacts of what that population is doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=208.845,212.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sustainable energy use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=212.42,214.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sustainable food and fiber production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=214.71,217.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I've defined as reindustrialization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=217.26,219.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this largely has to do with input management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=220.548,223.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"producing just as much goods with much less input.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=224.47,227.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are a lot of very good examples of industries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=227.33,230.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are already doing this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=230.27,232.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also into that topic, this idea of no net accumulation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=233.462,236.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of toxic residues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=236.07,238.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Again, in my own part of the country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=238.2,239.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the forest industry is so prevalent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=239.95,243.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there now are new","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=243.75,244.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"processing technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=247.52,250.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are actually being tried and are very close","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=250.54,253.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to being economically competitive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=253.58,256.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that actually have no pipe coming out of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=256.17,258.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no waste discharge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=258.09,259.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's entirely self-contained,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=259.72,262.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"self-contained systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=263.511,264.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that I think is the real challenge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=264.97,268.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the challenge, which will continue to give","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=268.98,273.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bright, young people, sort of what Dr. Zeus calls","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=273.67,276.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"the bright boys in the back room.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=276.397,278.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lots to think about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=278.33,279.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lots of places to apply our human ingenuity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=279.688,283.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not thinking of some sort of steady state economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=284.58,287.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means no further improvement of the human condition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=287.19,291.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the end, deep thinking of turning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=291.21,293.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the creativity and ingenuity that we do have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=293.393,296.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to efficiency rather than simply to growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=296.68,300.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought I would end just on a couple of notes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=303.13,307.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one is sort of the note","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=307.97,309.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that I don't think we're talking about necessarily","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=309.84,313.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a catastrophic situation of decline in population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=314.72,319.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, my lecture tonight is not meant to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=320.19,323.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a population (indistinct) lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=323.41,325.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Though Paul Erik is a good friend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=326.14,327.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I agree with much of what he says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=327.83,329.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that we're likely to see a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=329.09,332.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the human population growths exceed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=332.61,336.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some hypothetical character capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=336.24,339.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and crashes to much slower and lower levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=339.19,342.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think what we're likely to see instead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=342.13,344.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a much lower standard of living than we've been used to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=344.34,348.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly a much lesser ability for poor nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=348.4,351.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to improve their condition if we continue to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=351.82,355.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the rapid rates of population growth that we have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=355.47,357.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here's just one example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=357.96,359.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This comes from Indonesia, rice patties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=359.04,362.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is an area where the nutrient losses are so severe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=362.37,365.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what individual farmers do is as they lose nutrients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=365.365,368.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the tops of these hills, they have to go and by hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=368.88,371.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bring the nutrients back up from the bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=371.92,373.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in such a big bucket full, by bucket full.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=373.85,377.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we wanna live at this level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=377.19,378.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are (mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=378.87,382.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly limits to how many people can live","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=382.54,384.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even at this level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=384.68,386.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The current world population estimates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=386.24,389.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of (mumbles) population stabilizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=389.147,393.176"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"say 10 to 12 billion people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=393.176,396.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is below the level of what most people feel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=396.07,398.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the ability of the earth to feed itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=398.67,401.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most people feel that if the entire arable lands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=401.52,405.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the earth were converted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=405.07,406.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the best technologies that we have available,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=406.56,409.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that probably somewhere on the order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=409.29,410.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 18 to 20 billion people could be supported.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=410.79,413.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With 18 to 20 billion people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=413.343,414.637"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can have a pretty miserable existence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=414.637,417.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly not living in a biologically diverse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=417.28,419.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wondrous world as we live in now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=419.66,422.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that even that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=422.71,425.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people are reconsidering those calculations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=425.81,427.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that's based on very high input","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=427.95,429.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kinds of technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=429.96,431.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Most people are now thinking in terms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=431.5,433.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of maximum populations, more along the lines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=433.9,436.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of 12 to 14, 15 billion people could be supported","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=436.87,441.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but even that would be a great loss of human value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=441.51,446.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a great loss of the kinds of options","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=446.88,448.928"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were available to us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=448.928,451.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that to use professor Arrington's words","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=451.9,456.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=456.18,457.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"boils down to a question of values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=457.84,460.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a question of what it is we want for the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=460.03,463.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the human population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=463.73,465.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not necessarily some catastrophe that loomed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=465.67,469.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or suddenly will wipe out a large portion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=469.73,472.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the human population.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=472.73,474.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I view it as two options that the world faces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=474.37,479.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that, the one option I call the Somalia option","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=479.473,484.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and for obvious reasons, I mean, we've gone through a 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starving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=490.36,494.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we saw on the evening news every night,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=494.367,496.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the consequences of war","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=496.88,499.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and overpopulation and starvation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=499.373,501.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if you take the 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population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=509.064,510.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are about a billion people in the world now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=510.56,513.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are living in nations which are in no way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=513.57,516.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going through the demographic transition in this time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=516.28,519.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The optimists say they will, they put dates and say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=519.27,521.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Ethiopia will begin to stabilize in the year 2050","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=521.597,526.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Nigeria in 2030\", but that's just optimism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=527.05,530.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you're more realistic about that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=530.4,532.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these billion people now are growing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=532.87,534.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their population growth rates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=534.78,536.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in those nations have an excess of 3% per year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=536.46,540.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By the middle of the next century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=540.03,543.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those populations themselves will have a population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=543.76,546.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equivalent to the entire population of the world now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=546.77,550.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm not talking about China's and India's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=550.49,552.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is assumed that those nations undergo","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=552.46,554.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a demographic transition and stabilize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=554.44,556.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm talking about places like Nigeria and Ethiopia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=556.68,559.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much of Africa, a few places in South America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=559.67,563.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're talking about places where the populations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=563.59,566.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are projected to be on the order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=566.32,568.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a half a billion people to a billion people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=570.224,571.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in countries in the near future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=571.98,575.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Somalia option is an option","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=576.079,577.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where if we think that Somalia was a problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=577.82,581.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a few million people were starving,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=581.18,583.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can imagine a world and in 50 to 60 years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=583.81,586.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a few billion people are starving","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=586.38,588.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's well beyond the ability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=588.57,590.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the rich, industrialized nations to take care","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=590.44,593.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the problem by sending in a massive relief effort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=593.03,596.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the only hope in these areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=596.41,599.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think really follows the other option.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=599.67,602.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wouldn't give the other option a name.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=602.46,604.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You could call it the Camelot option","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=604.08,605.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't think it is Camelot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=605.227,607.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's people living a much more decent standard of life","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=607.82,612.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is gonna require the kinds of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=612.123,614.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which have happened in some nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=614.91,617.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are dramatic examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=617.0,619.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Places like Sri Lanka, Korea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=619.63,622.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to some extent, India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=623.33,626.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"places where the birth rates have declined precipitously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=626.11,629.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they decline really because not of a general increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=629.79,633.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the economies, though the economies now are able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=633.51,637.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to increase in the sense of finding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=637.9,639.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once their population stabilize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=639.82,641.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the economy can grow faster than the population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=641.71,645.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there could be some hope for improvement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=645.47,646.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the other quality of life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=646.85,648.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in these nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=648.74,649.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has happened is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=649.573,650.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there has been a very dramatic decline","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=650.45,652.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fertility rates largely associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=653.917,657.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with education and making available contraceptives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=657.11,660.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and making available information and options","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=660.92,663.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to people who previously have not had it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=663.61,665.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the great hope in these parts of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=665.86,668.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that all the surveys and all the indications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=668.52,670.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are that people want smaller families","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=670.77,673.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they don't necessarily have the information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=673.71,675.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the technology available to them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=675.46,677.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have the smaller families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=677.37,679.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that is an option","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=679.0,680.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it will require a massive worldwide effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=680.3,683.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this point, rather than a massive effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=683.33,685.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 50 years where we're trying to keep alive the few...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=685.67,688.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not the few, but the billions of people that are starving,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=690.12,692.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Somalia across the entire African continent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=692.343,695.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, and beyond.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=695.72,698.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It will require attention at this point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=698.73,701.252"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to worldwide efforts to provide the kinds of information","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=701.252,706.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the kinds of technologies to the people that want them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=706.17,709.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the populations can be stabilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=710.3,713.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so there can be some hope that the economic development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=713.54,716.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will outpace the population in these nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=716.76,719.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=719.55,721.174"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauds)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=721.174,724.174"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27389/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/389/original/AV204155_Ecological_Principles_in_Land_Use_b.vtt?1622148363","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/389/original/AV204155_Ecological_Principles_in_Land_Use_b.vtt?1622148363"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27390","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204155_Ecological_Principles_in_Land_Use_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635/transcript/27390/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- [Narrator] Renewable fossil fuel resource is increasing the efficiency with which we will utilize the electricity that we already generate and other fuels that we already generate. And that's a topic in itself that we could spend a lot of time on. Let me try now to pull a few things together and end on the note of sort of what the role of ecology is in this and realizing that what I've done this evening is very much a thumbnail sketch, but I'd like to end on some notions of sustainability which go beyond the notion of simple, sustainable use of a renewable resource and begin with the notion of ecosystem sustainability which I define as a maintenance for an indefinite period of time of the integrity of an ecosystem without degrading the integrity of other ecosystems. So this idea of interactions between them where integrity includes notions of productivity, diversity and adaptability. This needs to be fleshed out. I think at least at two very different sort of spatial scales, one of which is the landscape scale. And we could spend an hour talking about the details of this, but I'd simply like to say that the outline of what landscape sustainability might include is five different points. And the first is sustainable production. That is the whole notion of sustainable, including the notion of providing for current needs, the production of food and fiber, et cetera, but without the loss of soil fertility, without the accumulation of toxic residue, it's a whole area of low input agriculture and agroecology. Hydrologic balance, I think is a level that is something at the landscape level that we need to be paying more attention to. I've mentioned now some of the groundwater depletion issues in this part of the nation, wetlands issues are still a major issue even though you've lost most of the wetlands as I understand, some notions that come more from ecosystem ecology of biogeochemical balances. In our part of the country, one of the big issues now is the declining production or growth rates of pine trees since so much of the rural economy depends on forestry and a lot of conflicting evidence, but there are a lot of suggestion that the actual rate of pollution of nutrients from the systems is exceeding the rate of renewal, such that, if you harvest pine trees every 20 years, you have a net loss of nutrients in the system and sort of a biogeochemical negative balance and therefore a decline in the growth rates over long periods of time where you can go through a couple of cycles of harvest of 20 or 25 year pine plantations, but you can't do that indefinitely. And one that I think that typically an audience like this, that we certainly can't overlook them, is net loss of biological diversity. I think the same sort of notions need to be also thought of at a much larger scale, the regional, the global scale. And clearly at the top of the list here is this notion of stabilization of the global population but the others have to do with stabilization essentially of the global economy and the impacts of what that population is doing. Sustainable energy use, sustainable food and fiber production, what I've defined as reindustrialization and this largely has to do with input management producing just as much goods with much less input. And there are a lot of very good examples of industries which are already doing this. And also into that topic, this idea of no net accumulation of toxic residues. Again, in my own part of the country, where the forest industry is so prevalent, there now are new processing technologies which are actually being tried and are very close to being economically competitive, that actually have no pipe coming out of them. There is no waste discharge. It's entirely self-contained, self-contained systems. And that I think is the real challenge. It's the challenge, which will continue to give bright, young people, sort of what Dr. Zeus calls \"the bright boys in the back room.\" Lots to think about. Lots of places to apply our human ingenuity. Not thinking of some sort of steady state economy which means no further improvement of the human condition but in the end, deep thinking of turning the creativity and ingenuity that we do have to efficiency rather than simply to growth. I thought I would end just on a couple of notes. And one is sort of the note that I don't think we're talking about necessarily a catastrophic situation of decline in population. I mean, my lecture tonight is not meant to be a population lecture. Though Paul Erik is a good friend and I agree with much of what he says, I don't think that we're likely to see a situation where the human population growths exceed some hypothetical character capacity and crashes to much slower and lower levels. I think what we're likely to see instead is a much lower standard of living than we've been used to and certainly a much lesser ability for poor nations to improve their condition if we continue to have the rapid rates of population growth that we have. Here's just one example. This comes from Indonesia, rice patties. And this is an area where the nutrient losses are so severe that what individual farmers do is as they lose nutrients from the tops of these hills, they have to go and by hand, bring the nutrients back up from the bottom in such a big bucket full, by bucket full. And if we wanna live at this level, there are certainly limits to how many people can live even at this level. The current world population estimates of population stabilizing say 10 to 12 billion people is below the level of what most people feel is the ability of the earth to feed itself. Most people feel that if the entire arable lands of the earth were converted to the best technologies that we have available, that probably somewhere on the order of 18 to 20 billion people could be supported. With 18 to 20 billion people, you can have a pretty miserable existence and certainly not living in a biologically diverse and wondrous world as we live in now. I think that even that, people are reconsidering those calculations because that's based on very high input kinds of technologies. Most people are now thinking in terms of maximum populations, more along the lines of 12 to 14, 15 billion people could be supported but even that would be a great loss of human value and a great loss of the kinds of options which were available to us. I think that to use professor Arrington's words that would be, boils down to a question of values, a question of what it is we want for the future of the human population. Not necessarily some catastrophe that loomed or suddenly will wipe out a large portion of the human population. I view it as two options that the world faces and that, the one option I call the Somalia option and for obvious reasons, I mean, we've gone through a period of a world where attention has been focused on this one small African nation, where people were starving and we saw on the evening news every night, the consequences of war and overpopulation and starvation. Well, if you take the estimates of the best estimates available from UN and other sources of world population, there are about a billion people in the world now which are living in nations which are in no way going through the demographic transition in this time. The optimists say they will, they put dates and say, \"Ethiopia will begin to stabilize in the year 2050 and Nigeria in 2030\", but that's just optimism. If you're more realistic about that, these billion people now are growing, their population growth rates in those nations have an excess of 3% per year. By the middle of the next century, those populations themselves will have a population equivalent to the entire population of the world now. And I'm not talking about China's and India's, this is assumed that those nations undergo a demographic transition and stabilize. I'm talking about places like Nigeria and Ethiopia, much of Africa, a few places in South America. We're talking about places where the populations are projected to be on the order of a half a billion people to a billion people in countries in the near future. And the Somalia option is an option where if we think that Somalia was a problem, where a few million people were starving, we can imagine a world and in 50 to 60 years where a few billion people are starving and it's well beyond the ability of the rich, industrialized nations to take care of the problem by sending in a massive relief effort. And the only hope in these areas I think really follows the other option. I wouldn't give the other option a name. You could call it the Camelot option but I don't think it is Camelot. It's people living a much more decent standard of life that is gonna require the kinds of things which have happened in some nations. And there are dramatic examples. Places like Sri Lanka, Korea, to some extent, India, places where the birth rates have declined precipitously and they decline really because not of a general increase in the economies, though the economies now are able to increase in the sense of finding once their population stabilize and the economy can grow faster than the population, there could be some hope for improvement of the other quality of life, but in these nations, what has happened is that there has been a very dramatic decline in fertility rates largely associated with education and making available contraceptives and making available information and options to people who previously have not had it. I think the great hope in these parts of the world is that all the surveys and all the indications are that people want smaller families but they don't necessarily have the information or the technology available to them to have the smaller families. So I think that is an option but it will require a massive worldwide effort at this point, rather than a massive effort in 50 years where we're trying to keep alive the few... not the few, but the billions of people that are starving, the Somalia across the entire African continent, for example, and beyond. It will require attention at this point to worldwide efforts to provide the kinds of information and the kinds of technologies to the people that want them so that the populations can be stabilized and so there can be some hope that the economic development will outpace the population in these nations. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/42972/file/115635#t=0.0,738.096"}]}]}]}