{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/ms3jw8776b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Morris, David J., Local Self-Reliance Through a Home Grown Economy"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203400 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Local Self-Reliance Through a Home Grown Economy is an April 25, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring David Morris. David Morris discusses ways communities can become more self-reliant and sustainable.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203400"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Local Self-Reliance Through a Home Grown Economy. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9n29pc10"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1984-04-25"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Morris, David J. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Small power production facilities","Recycling (Waste, etc.)","Home care services","Self-reliance--Political aspects","Sustainable development"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Local Self-Reliance Through a Home Grown Economy is an April 25, 1984 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring David Morris. 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Pratt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=8.3,9.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm a member of the steering committee","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=11.53,12.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the INS Coalition, which is co-sponsoring this event","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=12.97,17.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the (indistinct) Committee, just funded by GSV.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=19.104,23.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our speaker tonight is Dr. David Morris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=24.47,28.148"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's the director of the Institute for Local Self-reliance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=28.148,31.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I spoke with David about what I should say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=33.772,36.419"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about him this evening, he offered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=36.419,39.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some suggestions based on another introduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=40.81,44.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've decided to the combination of that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=44.11,46.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and my own introduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=46.6,48.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's currently working on the Home-grown Economy Project","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=49.7,53.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the city of St. Paul, Minnesota.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=53.21,55.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's the author of several books,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=55.827,58.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including The New York City States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=58.8,61.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Be Your Own Power Company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=61.087,63.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He writes for Solar Age Magazine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=63.42,65.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has written and published variety of other books","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=66.515,69.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and articles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=69.74,71.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's also, a charming dinner companion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=71.643,74.816"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had good fortune to discover this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=74.816,77.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only thing I'd like to say before turning the stage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=79.875,84.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over to David, is that there will be a reception","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=84.51,87.715"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Peace Connection, which is in the basement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=87.715,90.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Alumni Hall, which is right through there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=90.227,93.947"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After his talk tonight, you're all invited to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=93.947,97.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talk with each other and with David some more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=97.807,101.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So now, Dr David Morris.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=101.55,103.999"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=126.91,129.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The title of the lecture is really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=130.903,133.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Economic Development from Within","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=137.605,140.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or how do we use human ingenuity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=141.25,146.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do we use human ingenuity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=148.35,151.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to extract the maximum value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=151.0,155.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from local resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=155.02,156.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry David Thoreau once remarked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=157.9,160.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a man is wise with the wisdom of his time only,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=161.67,164.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ignorant with its ignorance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=164.797,168.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Observe how the greatest minds yields in some degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=168.35,171.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the superstitions of their age.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=171.85,174.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the superstition of our age in my 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equivalent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=794.997,799.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in electricity that performs the useful work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=799.09,802.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is 75 tons of that coal goes to 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heat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=825.93,829.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the electric generation process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=829.16,830.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is called 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country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=844.95,848.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact General Electric, which used to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=848.77,851.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"along with Westinghouse, the larger and main 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heat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=874.09,876.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from those power plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=876.7,878.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you need to find a heat customer relatively nearby","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=878.3,881.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which means that you are not going to build","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=881.984,884.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a central power plant 10 miles out of town,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=884.12,886.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you are going to build the central power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=886.84,888.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're going to build the new power 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buildings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=892.41,894.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Harvard university, has just installed a 60 kilowatt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=894.14,898.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very small power plant, Security Pacific bank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=898.07,901.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in California has 100% of all of its electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=901.79,905.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from its own power plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=905.43,906.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A laundry in Evanston, Illinois, now has 60% of electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=906.98,911.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from its internal power plant and produces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=911.037,913.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of its hot water from that power plant as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=913.82,917.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in case those examples don't mean much to 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California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=922.83,926.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the era of the modern utility was over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=926.89,929.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because on that day, in that 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electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=937.18,939.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 50% of all of its heat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=939.89,941.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hot water from a 60 kilowatt power plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=941.66,944.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And McDonald says that if it works out okay,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=944.28,946.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are 8,000 other franchise restaurants that are willing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=946.93,950.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and able to install a similar type of power plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=950.75,954.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so the past is a very large facility that produces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=954.05,958.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but one product electricity and produces it inefficiently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=958.69,962.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the future is many facilities that produce two products,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=962.81,967.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heat and electricity at the same time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=967.37,970.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and produce it with increasing efficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=970.19,973.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well I talk about cogeneration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=974.6,976.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the industry is 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oil","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=980.76,985.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although it could also be used and fired by coal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=986.43,989.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we are 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to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=994.87,998.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"extract useful work from renewable resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=998.15,1002.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in small and wider and wider areas of the 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areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1223.49,1226.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the bush areas they call them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1226.59,1227.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so electricity can be up to 20 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facilities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1293.83,1297.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it makes possible our use of renewable resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1297.2,1301.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are much more dispersed and much more decentralized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1301.06,1304.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, the most decentralizing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1304.7,1307.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all is your resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1307.04,1310.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your devices that use direct sunlight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1310.16,1312.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and generate electricity from direct sunlight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1312.87,1315.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How many people in the audience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1315.97,1317.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have heard of photovoltaic devices?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1317.56,1320.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, photovoltaics are devices that did not exist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1322.93,1327.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for terrestrial application in 1973.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1328.46,1331.004"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you wanted to go out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1331.004,1332.629"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and put them on your house in 1973","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1332.629,1334.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you couldn't find anybody to sell them to you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1334.03,1336.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1974, you could, but it would cost you $2 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photovoltaics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1362.78,1365.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or solar cells to generate electricity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1365.98,1368.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The devices are about four inches wide,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1368.79,1370.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as thin as a piece of paper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1370.433,1372.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they are a semiconductor device such that when","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1372.3,1374.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sunlight strikes the top of the semiconductor device,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1374.82,1377.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it pushes electrons across the barrier.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1377.74,1380.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if there's wires making a circuit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1380.17,1382.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then electricity begins to 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work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1572.487,1576.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from overlooked resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1576.88,1579.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me shift now to the materials industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1580.21,1583.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we find the same dynamic occurring.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1583.13,1585.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the materials industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1585.973,1588.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we had for 100 years relied increasingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1588.52,1592.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on virgin materials,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1592.76,1594.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we got our raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1594.58,1595.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from extractive industries that were located over there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1595.95,1599.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they shipped those raw materials all the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1599.12,1601.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over here, to where a manufacturing firm converted them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1601.52,1604.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into useful products, which will then ship long distances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1604.99,1608.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to remote cities over 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worked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1617.19,1619.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until very recently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1619.793,1621.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, recently as I repeat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1621.86,1625.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the energy prices have increased,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1625.818,1628.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore all the energy 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embodied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1631.633,1634.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that final product becomes increasingly valuable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1634.08,1637.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and disposal costs have now increased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1637.61,1640.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that it behooves us as a community, as a society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1640.93,1645.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to pay the 10, 20, 30, $40 per ton","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1645.21,1649.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's now costing us to dispose off waste","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1649.22,1651.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the other side of that loop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1651.62,1653.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, we begin to move toward the era of recycling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1653.94,1658.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I talk about recycling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1659.26,1661.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"among at least in a college town","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1661.49,1664.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will tend to think about bottle bills,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1664.0,1668.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll begin to think about deposit bills,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1668.15,1669.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll begin to think about putting your aluminum cans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1669.94,1672.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a classroom so that people will pick up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1672.77,1676.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on those aluminum cans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1676.973,1679.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, recycling businesses are now big time industries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1679.54,1684.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, they don't call themselves recyclers any longer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1685.7,1688.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they call themselves scrap processors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1688.42,1691.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And scrap processing according to Dow Jones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1691.12,1694.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be the second largest world industry by the year 2000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1694.23,1698.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, if you look at the steel 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recyclers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1706.2,1711.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The steel industry has been overcome","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1711.83,1714.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by what the industry calls mini mills,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1714.38,1717.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"little mills, neighborhood mills,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1717.55,1720.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that operate with 100% scrap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1720.03,1723.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They get that scrap","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1723.32,1724.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from local areas that rely on electric plant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1724.38,1727.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very efficient furnaces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1727.77,1729.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that produce about 100,000 tons a year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1730.61,1735.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than the 1 million tons a year produced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1735.91,1738.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by vertically integrated US steel types of industries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1738.49,1742.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which means that your mini mills are regionally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1742.66,1745.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not nationally or globally oriented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1745.73,1749.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"More over your mini mills use about 90% less energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1749.24,1753.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"per ton produced,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1753.21,1754.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"use about 85% less water per ton produced,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1754.97,1758.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and generate about 75% less air pollution per ton 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supply.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1771.75,1775.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And where is their raw material supply","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1775.86,1778.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in our densely populated areas in cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1778.39,1782.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The city of Des Moines for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1782.07,1784.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produces more aluminum or actually disposes 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copper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1794.45,1796.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than a small commercial copper mine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1796.78,1799.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it produces or disposes off more 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sanitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1812.42,1815.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will become the department of materials and mining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1815.15,1817.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just as de Moines and Ames","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1818.84,1821.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will begin to think of themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1821.84,1823.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as power plants and begin to think of their offices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1823.63,1826.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and begin to think of their community as the generator","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1826.86,1830.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of energy and not just the importer of energy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1830.08,1833.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly, they will begin to think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1833.22,1835.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of themselves as the converter of raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1835.12,1838.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into increasing value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1838.03,1840.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From an economic development strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1840.12,1842.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taking those raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1843.49,1845.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and making them into end products","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1845.59,1847.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enhances and strengthens that local community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1849.46,1852.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me give you one example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1852.64,1854.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you take an aluminum can and you throw it away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1855.63,1859.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it costs you about a penny, a pound to do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1859.64,1862.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1862.07,1862.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know you don't throw them away anymore in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1862.903,1864.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but let's say you were a backward state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1864.52,1866.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you throw them away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1866.12,1867.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would cost you a penny, a pound, okay?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1867.26,1871.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's the next step?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1871.17,1872.434"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've done the next step,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1872.434,1873.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you now recycle them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1873.92,1875.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in recycling them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1875.81,1877.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll not only avoid the penny or pound","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1877.22,1879.181"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it would take to throw them away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1879.181,1880.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you will get 12, 14, 16, 18 cents per pound","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1880.8,1885.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the aluminum companies to sell it to them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1886.46,1889.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's say we want to capture more of the value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1890.14,1893.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we invest a small amount of money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1893.01,1895.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a crusher, a shredder, a baler","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1895.35,1898.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we then compress the volume of the aluminum cans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1898.36,1901.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such that the freight costs are reduced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1901.54,1903.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we might get 25 to 30 cents a pound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1903.55,1907.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or let's say we take the next step,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1907.67,1910.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we put in our own aluminum smelter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1910.01,1914.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now aluminum smelters are not quite the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1914.17,1916.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the blast furnaces that you see in the large","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1916.39,1918.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"old time steel mills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1918.61,1920.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's an aluminum smelter in New Jersey now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1920.24,1921.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now there's an aluminum smelter in Texas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1921.9,1924.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which serve basically regional areas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1924.16,1926.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you get your aluminum cans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1926.8,1928.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you smelt them down into ingots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1928.59,1930.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now you sell the ingots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1931.324,1932.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the people who would buy their ingots otherwise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1932.24,1934.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Alcoa and Reynolds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1934.77,1936.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, an acquaintance of mine did in fact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1936.75,1938.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"set up a community-based aluminum 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ingots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1951.464,1954.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll never get them from us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1954.08,1955.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so his customer 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you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1959.43,1962.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he has since gone out of business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1962.256,1965.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the technology is 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producers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1969.61,1972.425"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let's say in Iowa, in Ames","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1972.425,1975.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in Des Moines or Iowa City,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1975.36,1977.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you then set up a bicycle factory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1977.64,1980.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you use the aluminum to make handlebars.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1980.16,1983.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the value of the aluminum in the handlebars?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1983.36,1988.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a dollar to a dollar 10 cents a pound.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1988.08,1990.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to throw it away as a penny,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1991.66,1993.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to recycle it as 15 cents, to bail it is 25 cents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1993.542,1998.542"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make it into an ingot is about 55 cents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=1999.6,2002.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to make it into handlebars or a useful end product,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2002.61,2005.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a dollar to a dollar 10.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2005.64,2007.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The objective of Local Self-reliance is to capture as much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2007.52,2011.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that value added as possibly for the local economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2011.81,2015.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From an ecologist standpoint","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2015.52,2017.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's called closing the loop, closing the loop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2017.3,2021.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I call it moving 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society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2028.93,2032.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and use the same metaphors and the same dynamics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2032.36,2036.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can look at the service sector of the 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expenditure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2041.73,2045.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States is now for health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2045.634,2048.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was for energy in the 1970s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2048.83,2051.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is now for health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2051.04,2052.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My understanding 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care","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2057.68,2060.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and long-term care for the elderly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2060.98,2063.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the city of St. Paul, where I work much of my time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2067.12,2071.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a neighborhood organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2073.08,2076.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is developing a different 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number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2081.73,2085.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of nursing home beds per capita","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2085.36,2087.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as any other place in the country,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2087.49,2089.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has 99% capacity in it's nursing homes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2090.1,2093.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it has twice the number of people who are 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cost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2104.96,2108.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"putting them into long care medical facilities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2108.26,2111.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has to be another 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year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2558.92,2563.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what is more important is that it changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2563.83,2566.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the relationship between these two 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right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2570.02,2572.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's always been a one-way relationship,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2572.37,2574.989"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the apartment house to the sewage 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relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2578.68,2581.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is, the waste of one process become the raw materials","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2581.16,2584.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of another process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2584.57,2585.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Once again, we are beginning to close that loop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2585.79,2590.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when we think about economic development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2590.37,2594.769"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we think about the dynamics of new technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2594.769,2598.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's important in the 1980s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2598.3,2601.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly in the 1990s for us to begin to encourage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2601.35,2605.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the development of systems that use human ingenuity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2605.28,2609.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to extract the maximum value from our local resource space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2609.61,2614.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is to make useful work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2614.018,2617.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from otherwise overlooked resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2617.03,2621.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a different way of looking at our abilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2623.15,2627.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly Iowa state and Ames","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2627.06,2631.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a knowledge intensive economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2631.93,2634.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what you produce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2634.35,2635.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you produce knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2635.95,2637.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore you produce economic development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2637.66,2641.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's just that we haven't really thought of things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2641.17,2643.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in quite that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2643.69,2645.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you one example of a simple application","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2645.42,2648.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of knowledge to an overlooked resource.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2648.27,2651.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are two American inventors and entrepreneurs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2652.1,2655.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are well-known to us all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2655.98,2657.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One is Henry Ford and the other is Thomas Edison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2657.96,2660.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I use them in my story because Henry Ford","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2660.67,2662.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course developed the automobile system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2662.68,2665.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Thomas Edison developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2665.4,2667.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the electric distribution system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2667.06,2669.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they really laid the foundations of modern society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2669.15,2671.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they lived at the same time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2671.92,2673.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they were friends and they visited each other often.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2673.93,2677.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one day Henry Ford was coming to visit Thomas Edison,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2677.05,2681.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and when he entered his white picket fence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2681.21,2684.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody had a white picket fence then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2684.11,2686.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he found that the gate was very hard to push.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2686.79,2690.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he thought that that was very peculiar","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2690.33,2692.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because here was a mechanical genius","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2692.2,2694.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a perfectionist to (indistinct).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2694.55,2696.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, why would he have such a faulty mechanism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2696.5,2698.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in his front yard?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2698.63,2700.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So after dinner, Henry Ford asked Thomas Edison","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2700.34,2703.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why was that his gate was so hard to push.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2703.78,2706.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Thomas Edison with a twinkle in his eye","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2706.45,2708.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said that the gate is attached to a pump.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2708.4,2711.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that when you swing the gate open","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2711.548,2713.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you pump a gallon of water into his water tank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2713.31,2716.549"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2716.549,2717.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what Thomas Edison was doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2717.87,2720.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was have all of his guests perform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2720.04,2722.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little bit of useful work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2722.36,2723.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the other houses in the neighborhood had gates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2724.82,2728.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and had guests, and their gates were a little easier to push","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2728.54,2732.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but their guests did no useful work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2732.43,2734.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so really in the 1980s and the 1990s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2734.32,2739.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we're trying to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2739.45,2740.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to learn how to apply human ingenuity in that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2740.61,2745.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I remember a few years ago--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=2748.21,2749.737"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22921/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/921/original/AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_a.vtt?1613512300","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/921/original/AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_a.vtt?1613512300"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22922","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830/transcript/22922/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Welcome you all here, this evening, my name is Sarah Pratt, and I'm a member of the steering committee at the INS Coalition, which is co-sponsoring this event with the Committee, just funded by GSV. Our speaker tonight is Dr. David Morris. He's the director of the Institute for Local Self-reliance. I spoke with David about what I should say about him this evening, he offered some suggestions based on another introduction. I've decided to the combination of that and my own introduction. He's currently working on the Home-grown Economy Project in the city of St. Paul, Minnesota. He's the author of several books, including The New York City States and Be Your Own Power Company. He writes for Solar Age Magazine, has written and published variety of other books and articles. He's also, a charming dinner companion, I had good fortune to discover this evening. The only thing I'd like to say before turning the stage over to David, is that there will be a reception in the Peace Connection, which is in the basement of Alumni Hall, which is right through there. After his talk tonight, you're all invited to come and talk with each other and with David some more. So now, Dr David Morris.\r\n\r\n- Thanks for coming, sorry that there's not a PA system but since we are an intimate gathering, I assume everybody can hear, and if you can't, raise your hands and we'll go through that procedure of my asking how you can hear if you're raising your hand and so forth. The title of the lecture is really Economic Development from Within or how do we use human ingenuity, how do we use human ingenuity in order to extract the maximum value from local resources. Henry David Thoreau once remarked, that a man is wise with the wisdom of his time only, and ignorant with its ignorance. Observe how the greatest minds yields in some degree to the superstitions of their age. Well, the superstition of our age in my opinion is that dependence is good, that helplessness promotes progress and that the global village represents the best development strategy. Over the last 100 years, we've developed a society based on two pillars if you will, two foundation supports. One was the assumption that energy costs were negligible, and the other was the assumption that environmental costs were negligible. And we built a system based on those twin assumptions. And the central characteristic of that system is separation and fragmentation that is long distribution lines. We separated the farmer from the kitchen. We separated the banker from the borrower. We separated the worker from the workplace. We separated the electric power plant from the electric light bulb. And inevitably we separated the government from the citizenry, such that today the average worker travels 20 miles to get to do some useful work. And the average kilowatt hour of electricity travels 220 miles to get to do a little useful work. And the average food molecule travels about 1200 miles to get to do a little useful work. I won't tell you how far the dollar travels to get to do a little useful work. So that we have separated production from consumption. We have built systems in which the production cycle and the consumption cycle and the disposal cycle are separated often by very, very long distances. And we end up as a result with an increasingly dependent people and a totally dependent community. So the City of Ames, for example, imports 100 tons of food a day, it imports 500 tons of fuel a day and it imports 32,000 tons of fresh water a day. And then on the back end of that cycle there's always a back end of every cycle, right? It exports, if you will, a 50,000 tons of garbage a year and 20,000 tons of human waste each year. And even in our disposal systems we use the separation principle to guide the design of our systems. I live in Washington DC and in suburban Washington there is a county which is the third richest county in the United States. And the third richest County of the United States just like the poorest county in the United States has a garbage problem. And it decided to solve its garbage problem by sending it by railroad train to a small town in Ohio. Well, it forgot that in Washington DC every small town in the country has a representative. And so when the local newspaper found out about it the representative said Nixon that idea, and they were forced to find another way to deal with their garbage. Similarly, the nation's Capitol found that it was having a problem with its human waste stream. And so Washington DC, as a model for the country decided that it would take its sludge and barge it to Haiti. That was 1981, not all that historic EIR decision, frankly where would Washington DC found was that every country in the world has a representative in Washington DC and Haiti refused to be shat upon. Now that separation principle between production and consumption continues to assail us. I was in Europe a couple of weeks ago, and I noted that France had decided, and Germany too had decided to embark on a very aggressive nuclear development program of 50% of the French energy system will soon be based on nuclear electric generation. And they are about sign an agreement whereby the nuclear wastes of Europe are dumped in the people's Republic of China. And of course the uranium that runs the nuclear reactors comes from South Africa. So you have socialist France, totally dependent on South Africa for its fuel supply and the people's Republic of China for its disposal system. That type of system seems to me, increasingly untenable. It is a system which leads us to the stunning situation whereby today we have the most vitriolic opponents on the American scene of communism who is traveling 15,000 miles. to the largest communist country in the world to sell American nuclear reactors. It is that principle of separation of production from consumption that has characterized American society, and it has been based on the two foundations of cheap energy and negligible disposal costs, but times have changed. Paul Valéry, the French poet and philosopher once remarked that the central problem with our times is that the future isn't what it used to be. That is if you ask the average American in 1955 what the United States would look like in 1985 you would find that most Americans had a vision a consensus of what the future would be 30 years in advance. But if you asked the average American in 1984 what America would be like, even in 1985 or 1986 you would probably find a much wider diversity of what that vision might be. That is the old way of thinking has broken down, but a new way of thinking has not yet been created or as I put it, the termites are eating away at the pillars of the society and the house is beginning to rock but we aren't exactly clear what the new design of the new house should be. The two changes that have occurred in the last 10 or 15 years, have been in those two pillars that I pointed out before, except that now energy costs are a significant factor in your design decisions for systems and disposal costs are increasingly significant as well. With rising energy prices, transportation costs begin to rise. And with increasing costs of disposal, we begin to move toward shorter distribution systems, we begin to move towards bringing production and consumption back together again, we begin to move away from fragmented systems and toward integrated systems. And wherever you look in this society you can use that same dynamic, that same trend, that trend away from what was considered efficient 20 years ago, to what will be considered efficient 20 years from now. For example, in the energy field, the old technology is a central power plant that produces only electricity. That technology made sense when fuel costs were very low, and when you knew what your demands were going to be far into the future. It didn't matter if it was gonna take six to 10 years to build a large central power plant because you knew from 1880 to 1970 what your electrical demand would be 10 years ahead of time. The problem however in the 1970s, as we all know, is that we began to enter the era of uncertainty. And with the era of uncertainty, what you don't want to do is to put increasing amounts of dollars into a very large power system which will come online in the remote future. Because to do that assumes that you can accurately predict demand and we can no longer do that. It is one of the reasons that the Ames' electric system are now finds itself with 125% excess capacity over its peak demand during the year. And so what do we do when we no longer know what the future will bring? We build more flexible systems, which means we build smaller power plants that can come online more quickly, and we'll add smaller increments of capacity to the supply system, so that we can more nearly match changes in demand with changes in supply. The ultimate, the most efficient system would be if every time you built a house, it had its own power plant and every time you built a car that had its own power plant and every time you built a refrigerator it's had its own power plant. And every time you built your own fountain plant, hence you had its own power plant. But obviously we're not gonna get to that ultimate but that is the tendency. The tendency toward reducing what economists call or insurance agents call your \"downside risk\". So we build smaller power plants that can come online more quickly. The second thing that happens is that we build power plants that not only produce electricity but that also produce heat because every 100 tons of coal that you burn in your aims electric power plan gives you between 25 and 35 tons of coal equivalent in electricity that performs the useful work. That is 75 tons of that coal goes to heat the inside, the outside of the power plant and much of the water and the ground around the power plant. In other words, it is wasted and that waste was okay, as long as fuel costs were inconsequential, but now they're not. And as a result, a new industry has been born in the United States, the industry of small power plants that capture the waste heat from the electric generation process, and that is called cogeneration. Cogeneration power plants are not 30% efficient but they are 80 to 96% efficient. And currently there is an industry that is selling those power plants all around the country. In fact General Electric, which used to be along with Westinghouse, the larger and main producer of nuclear power plants in this country got out of the nuclear power business 24 months ago, and is now in the small cogeneration power plant business in this country. Small power plants that are 96% efficient are the future. But if you're going to capture the waste heat from those power plants, you need to find a heat customer relatively nearby which means that you are not going to build a central power plant 10 miles out of town, you are going to build the central power, you're going to build the new power plants in the basement of most of your buildings, most of your office buildings Harvard university, has just installed a 60 kilowatt, very small power plant, Security Pacific bank in California has 100% of all of its electricity from its own power plant. A laundry in Evanston, Illinois, now has 60% of electricity from its internal power plant and produces most of its hot water from that power plant as well. And in case those examples don't mean much to you, maybe the following one will. On March 22nd, 1984 in Chula Vista, California, the era of the modern utility was over because on that day, in that city, a McDonald's restaurant installed its own power plants and produces 100% of its own electricity and 50% of all of its heat and hot water from a 60 kilowatt power plant. And McDonald says that if it works out okay, there are 8,000 other franchise restaurants that are willing and able to install a similar type of power plants. And so the past is a very large facility that produces but one product electricity and produces it inefficiently. And the future is many facilities that produce two products, heat and electricity at the same time, and produce it with increasing efficiency. Well I talk about cogeneration because the industry is already a multi-billion dollar industry in this country but cogeneration imports natural gas or oil although it could also be used and fired by coal. But we are finding that not only are we decentralizing our power plants through cogeneration, but we are learning to extract useful work from renewable resources in small and wider and wider areas of the country. In 1952, if I stood up here and said to you hydroelectricity is competitive with coal-fired power plants you would have yawned and said why. Of course we know that's true. We've been to the Grand Coulee Dam and the Hoover Dam. But it turns out that only six places in the country had water molecules of such a mass and such a power that they could surge in such a way that you could capture sufficient electricity to compete with a central power plant. You had produced enough electricity for 200,000 people in 1952. 1975, electric prices had doubled, 1975, we began to hear about what was called low-head hydro or mini hydro, that is small scale hydro. And suddenly we found that we didn't need to produce electricity for 200,000 people. We needed to produce electricity for 20,000 people and no longer only a half a dozen rivers, good candidates but according to the Army Corps of Engineers 64,000 rivers began to be good candidates for mini hydro and small-scale hydro. By 1980, electricity prices had increased by another 70%. And we found that the industry of micro hydro was born. That is an industry that calls itself micro hydro that produces turbines and generators that provide electricity not for 20,000 homes, but for 200 homes and are put in rivers that don't even run year round. You put your turbine in and you get a little bit of electricity when you can and yet you are still competitive with central power plants. And there were now several hundred thousand lazy streams and rivers in the country that you can use for micro hydro. And if electricity prices continue to increase in this country, especially in those parts of the country where utilities have invested in very high-cost nuclear power plants, we will begin to see the next generation of invention in hydro electricity. Already the French have a product that they call the hydrolet. The hydrolet, up produces electricity for two homes, I call that infinitesimal hydro. So we have gone from gigantic hydro in 1952 to infinitesimal hydro in 1984. But infinitesimal hydro is also extremely widespread and infinitesimal hydro also has two voters attached to each installation. So it becomes not only a way of generating electricity, but becomes a political constituency as well. The same dynamic that works for water power, works for wind power. In 1955, I could prove to you as a theoretical physicist that wind power was competitive with central power plants but you needed wind speeds of 200 miles per hour. Which meant that you needed a wind gen or wind turbine that went about 82 miles up in the air when the wind speeds are about 200 miles per hour. So it was theoretically possible but practically not. In 1979, I was in Alaska talking to the manager of a village electric cooperative there, and I said, wind would be competitive at the prices that you're having to charge the people for electricity in Alaska, they fly in the oil into the remote areas, the bush areas they call them. And so electricity can be up to 20 cents even more than that, a kilowatt hour. And he turned to me and he said, \"No, you're absolutely right, absolutely right.\" \"We get wind speeds of 40 50 miles per hour. \"The problem is that the wind turbines keep blowing down, right?\" So at that point we now had a theoretical possibility that was becoming a practical possibility but the industry wasn't reliable. It wasn't until 1981, 1982, that the industry produced a wind turbine that actually did not require servicing every couple of months. And meanwhile, as the electric prices have increased it is now economical to generate electricity from the wind at wind speeds of about 12 to 14 miles per hour. And by 1990, as electric prices increase, and as the materials advances and engineering advances increase, it will be economically competitive at between six to eight miles per hour and six to eight miles per hour is the average wind speed in the continental United States. So that as the electric prices increase as energy prices increase, not only does it make sense for us to downsize our power producing facilities, but it makes possible our use of renewable resources which are much more dispersed and much more decentralized. And of course, the most decentralizing of all is your resources, your devices that use direct sunlight and generate electricity from direct sunlight. How many people in the audience have heard of photovoltaic devices? Well, photovoltaics are devices that did not exist for terrestrial application in 1973. If you wanted to go out and put them on your house in 1973 you couldn't find anybody to sell them to you. 1974, you could, but it would cost you $2 million to put a rooftop solar cell array on your house to be self sufficient, a little out of our price range. Today, it would cost you $50,000. Now $50,000 is still a little out of our price range but that is a 40 fold to 50 fold decrease in price. over 10 years. There are now 2,500 homes in the United States that already use photovoltaics or solar cells to generate electricity. The devices are about four inches wide, as thin as a piece of paper, and they are a semiconductor device such that when sunlight strikes the top of the semiconductor device, it pushes electrons across the barrier. and if there's wires making a circuit then electricity begins to flow. Photovoltaics came into the marketplace in remote regions because they were 100% reliable, unlike most things which when they come into the marketplace their shoddy merchandise, and they come in because they're cheap and they last for about two weeks and you then throw them away. Photovoltaics were extremely expensive but they were competitive in the North pole and the South pole and the Sahara desert, because they were competing with either heavy duty batteries or diesel power plants that had to be maintenanced regularly, and someone had to fly in by helicopter over long distances every few weeks. So they were competing with very expensive sources. Well, as the photovoltaic prices dropped, they began to come into the continental United States and right off the shores. So by the late 1970s they were being used for radio repeater stations. You could go out to your highways and begin to see some right off the highways, they are off the shore of Florida and California on your lighting platforms, for oil drilling platforms, and for the coast guard as well. By 1982, photovoltaics became economical if you had a home that was more than a half a mile away from the electric grid system, that is it would cost you more to pay the utility, to put in the cable to your home than it would be to go directly to a different type of power generation system. And by 1985 photovoltaics could be competitive if you decide to put a light at the end of your driveway. That is, laying cable for those 40 feet would be more expensive than putting a photovoltaic device and a small battery at the end of your driveway. Which means to me that the photovoltaics are to America, what the Visigoths were to Rome. They come from remote places and they're all very invisible, but you hear increasing rumors about them, and suddenly they're there in the middle of the civilization. And the civilization has to change itself very radically because of these new creatures that are in its miss. And I hope very much that we learn to change ourselves very radically as photovoltaics come into the society. One word about those solar cells is that General Electric has in prototype form developed a rooftop shingle with built-in photovoltaics. It's a hexagonal-shaped shingle, and you put it on your roof just the way you do any other shingle, you overlap the sides. You put a nail on the top and it makes an electrical connection to the wires running under the eaves. General Electric says that there are 2 million homes in the United States that are reroofed every year. And they expect that by 1990, when you put a new roof on your home you'll be willing to pay a little bit more to also put a power plant on your home. So that the principle of integration, the principle of integration, in the energy field is such that rising fuel prices and rising environmental costs move us back into our communities where we begin to extract useful work from overlooked resources. Let me shift now to the materials industry, where we find the same dynamic occurring. In the materials industry, we had for 100 years relied increasingly on virgin materials, we got our raw materials from extractive industries that were located over there, and then they shipped those raw materials all the way over here, to where a manufacturing firm converted them into useful products, which will then ship long distances to remote cities over there. The remote cities then use those products and then they threw them away into landfills that were located over there. That is the way our material system has worked until very recently. However, recently as I repeat, the energy prices have increased, and therefore all the energy used in the process of making that final material that is embodied in that final product becomes increasingly valuable and disposal costs have now increased. So that it behooves us as a community, as a society, not to pay the 10, 20, 30, $40 per ton that's now costing us to dispose off waste on the other side of that loop. And so, we begin to move toward the era of recycling. And when I talk about recycling among at least in a college town you will tend to think about bottle bills, you'll begin to think about deposit bills, you'll begin to think about putting your aluminum cans in a classroom so that people will pick up on those aluminum cans. Well, recycling businesses are now big time industries. In fact, they don't call themselves recyclers any longer, they call themselves scrap processors. And scrap processing according to Dow Jones will be the second largest world industry by the year 2000. In fact, if you look at the steel industry in the United States, you find that the steel industry has been overcome not by the Japanese, but by the recyclers. The steel industry has been overcome by what the industry calls mini mills, little mills, neighborhood mills, that operate with 100% scrap. They get that scrap from local areas that rely on electric plant, very efficient furnaces, and that produce about 100,000 tons a year rather than the 1 million tons a year produced by vertically integrated US steel types of industries. Which means that your mini mills are regionally not nationally or globally oriented. More over your mini mills use about 90% less energy per ton produced, use about 85% less water per ton produced, and generate about 75% less air pollution per ton produced. And so as we begin to move toward scrap processing industries we will begin to see the manufacturers of scrap processing move to their raw material supply. And where is their raw material supply but in our densely populated areas in cities. The city of Des Moines for example, produces more aluminum or actually disposes off more aluminum, than a medium-sized box side deposit. It disposes off more copper than a small commercial copper mine, and it produces or disposes off more paper than is generated by a large commercial timber stand. The city of Des Moines will begin to think of itself as a mine. And within five years, its department of sanitation will become the department of materials and mining, and just as de Moines and Ames will begin to think of themselves as power plants and begin to think of their offices and begin to think of their community as the generator of energy and not just the importer of energy. Similarly, they will begin to think of themselves as the converter of raw materials into increasing value. From an economic development strategy, taking those raw materials and making them into end products enhances and strengthens that local community, let me give you one example. If you take an aluminum can and you throw it away it costs you about a penny, a pound to do that. I don't know. I know you don't throw them away anymore in Iowa but let's say you were a backward state, you throw them away. It would cost you a penny, a pound, okay? What's the next step? You've done the next step, you now recycle them. And in recycling them, you'll not only avoid the penny or pound that it would take to throw them away but you will get 12, 14, 16, 18 cents per pound from the aluminum companies to sell it to them. Let's say we want to capture more of the value. Well, we invest a small amount of money into a crusher, a shredder, a baler and we then compress the volume of the aluminum cans such that the freight costs are reduced and we might get 25 to 30 cents a pound. Or let's say we take the next step, and we put in our own aluminum smelter. Now aluminum smelters are not quite the same as the blast furnaces that you see in the large old time steel mills. There's an aluminum smelter in New Jersey now. Now there's an aluminum smelter in Texas which serve basically regional areas. And so you get your aluminum cans and you smelt them down into ingots. And now you sell the ingots to the people who would buy their ingots otherwise from Alcoa and Reynolds. In fact, an acquaintance of mine did in fact set up a community-based aluminum smelter in Connecticut four years ago, and did very well until such time as Reynolds and Alcoa went to the people buying his ingots and said, you can buy his ingots now but if you ever need more ingots you'll never get them from us. And so his customer said we think we'd prefer a long-term contract with Alcoa than a short-term relationship with you, and he has since gone out of business. But the technology is available for smelting down the aluminum cans into ingots and selling them to the final producers. And let's say in Iowa, in Ames or in Des Moines or Iowa City, you then set up a bicycle factory and you use the aluminum to make handlebars. What is the value of the aluminum in the handlebars? It's a dollar to a dollar 10 cents a pound. So to throw it away as a penny, to recycle it as 15 cents, to bail it is 25 cents, to make it into an ingot is about 55 cents, and to make it into handlebars or a useful end product, is a dollar to a dollar 10. The objective of Local Self-reliance is to capture as much of that value added as possibly for the local economy. From an ecologist standpoint that's called closing the loop, closing the loop. I call it moving production and consumption back together again, or Local Self-reliance. I said that we can look at different parts of the society and use the same metaphors and the same dynamics. We can look at the service sector of the society and use the same dynamics. For example, the fastest growing expenditure in the United States is now for health. It was for energy in the 1970s, it is now for health. My understanding is that the single fastest growing component of the health expenditures is geriatric care and long-term care for the elderly. In the city of St. Paul, where I work much of my time, there is a neighborhood organization that is developing a different concept of long-term medical care. The state of Minnesota has twice the number of nursing home beds per capita as any other place in the country, it has 99% capacity in it's nursing homes, and it has twice the number of people who are eligible as it has room for in this nursing homes. So Minnesota is a place that is basically gone as far as it can in taking old people out of their communities at very high cost putting them into long care medical facilities. There has to be another way and they're beginning to search for another way. And this neighborhood has set up a block nurse program whereby the elderly remain in their homes. They have set up a program whereby they receive medical care in their homes and less than a third of the cost that it would cost to maintain these people in nursing homes. But the medical care that they're receiving in their homes is not so much brain scanning or even shots that is medical health shots. The medical care they're receiving in their homes is people who are reading to them, people who are serving them lunches, people who were shoveling the snow off their walk in the middle of the winter. And so what they're trying to do in Minnesota now is to figure out a way whereby they can use the health insurance plans to pay for these services that would not normally considered medical services. They know that it's much less costly to provide care for the elderly in this way than to provide care for elderly in the other way. But they also know that when they change the definitions of the health insurance plans, then then Medicaid and Medicare and Blue Cross will be actually financing neighborliness. It's a different concept of what healthcare is all about. I once met and talked to Erich Fromm, the eminent psychologist and writer who said to me that he was fairly certain that there was an inverse correlation between the reduction in the number of neighborhood bartenders and the increase in the number of psychiatrists. His feeling was that in the old days, and admittedly this tended to be reserved to men, but in the old days for 25 cents, you went to the bar, you cried over your beer and somebody had seen you coming there for the last 20 years, knew your problems, listened to you and gave you another beer, right? Now what you do, is you take across town bus and you pay $50 to somebody that doesn't know you from a hole in the wall, and doesn't know your family and then asks you to come in next week for another hour. And what Erich Fromm said is that as we break down neighborliness, we have to begin to develop formal and institutional structures to compensate for that. And what we're finding out in the 1980s is that those formal institutional structures are extremely expensive. So once again, we need to begin to close that loop, we need to begin to develop integrated systems. Let me give you one example of what happens when we think and design for integrated systems in a Public Works department. The City of Hagerstown, Maryland, is about the size of Ames, Iowa. They have a sewage plant, you have a sewage plant. Unlike energy conservation efforts, we're not gonna reduce probably our output of sewage in the near future. It doesn't make sense, that we would reduce our input of food in the near future. And Hagerstown, Maryland, is now taking the methane gas that is generated from their sewage plant and running its municipal vehicle fleet with that methane gas, and it is taking the sludge, which has a fertilizer value, and it is fertilizing 600,000 hybrid poplar trees now hybrid poplar trees are fast-growing trees. You plant them at about seven inches tall, they grow to 14-feet tall in two years. In fact, Mike McGee, who's the director of the water pollution control department for the City of Hagerstown, makes the joke that he tells the workers that they shouldn't stand over the trees when they plant them, they grow that fast. Well, he plans on taking those 600,000 trees fertilized by sludge and then chipping them and using them to produce electricity. And that the waste heat from the electricity generation will be used in greenhouses to raise vegetables for the city and for the nearby communities. In 1978, the sewage plant in Hagerstown was seen as a disposal system, and they paid a million dollars a year to dispose of the wastes. By 1985, it will be seen as a gas well, an electric power plant, a vegetable production facility and a fertilizer facility, that is as a production plant. And it's very conceivable that it will generate a net income of by the middle 1980s. That's a different way of looking at the relationship between us and the systems around us. In fact, in Hagerstown, Maryland, you can say that each family of four, not only pays its taxes, but generates through its collective efforts, 17 gallons of gasoline for the City of Hagerstown each year. It's a different way of looking at our relationship to the city. In New York City, there's another institutional relationship going on, this time between a very large apartment complex and a sewage plant. New York city does everything big, and so this apartment complex has 20,000 people and many businesses as part of it, it's half the size of the City of Ames, and it is called Starrett City. It's in Brooklyn, New York, and they built Starrett City in 1974 with their own power plants. They have no connection to the larger electrical grid system of Consolidated Edison. But they import natural gas to fuel their power plants. And in 1977, 1978, they will worry that there was going to be a natural gas crisis in the country and they look for alternative supplies, across the street, is the New York city Sewage Plant. They have signed a barter contract between Starrett City and the sewage plant, no money, barter contract in which Starrett City is taking the heat, no matter how efficient the cogeneration plant is, it always has a certain amount of waste heat. So you can hot water from the plant, piping it across the street, where it warms the digesters of the sewage system and thereby reduces the need for New York city to have to burn very expensive oil to warm the digesters. The methane gas from the sewage plant is being piped back across the street to Starrett City where it's being used as fuel to power its cogeneration system. And the effluent water in the sewage plant is being piped across the street where it becomes the makeup water, it's the water whose temperature is raised to produce steam in its boilers. If it didn't do that, Starrett City would have to use potable or drinkable water, and it's at the very end of the water pipeline, so it really doesn't want to do that in New York City. Now, this barter arrangement will probably generate a million dollars worth of real value for both entities each year. But what is more important is that it changes the relationship between these two entities. There's always been a relationship between an apartment house and a sewage plant, right? But it's always been a one-way relationship, from the apartment house to the sewage plant to the Atlantic ocean, right? Now, it's a two way relationship. That is, the waste of one process become the raw materials of another process. Once again, we are beginning to close that loop. So when we think about economic development and we think about the dynamics of new technologies, I think it's important in the 1980s and certainly in the 1990s for us to begin to encourage the development of systems that use human ingenuity to extract the maximum value from our local resource space. That is to make useful work from otherwise overlooked resources. It's a different way of looking at our abilities and certainly Iowa state and Ames is a knowledge intensive economy. That's what you produce, you produce knowledge and therefore you produce economic development. It's just that we haven't really thought of things in quite that way. Let me give you one example of a simple application of knowledge to an overlooked resource. There are two American inventors and entrepreneurs that are well-known to us all. One is Henry Ford and the other is Thomas Edison. I use them in my story because Henry Ford of course developed the automobile system and Thomas Edison developed the electric distribution system. So they really laid the foundations of modern society and they lived at the same time and they were friends and they visited each other often. And one day Henry Ford was coming to visit Thomas Edison, and when he entered his white picket fence everybody had a white picket fence then, he found that the gate was very hard to push. And he thought that that was very peculiar because here was a mechanical genius and a perfectionist to . Now, why would he have such a faulty mechanism in his front yard? So after dinner, Henry Ford asked Thomas Edison why was that his gate was so hard to push. And Thomas Edison with a twinkle in his eye said that the gate is attached to a pump. And that when you swing the gate open you pump a gallon of water into his water tank. Well, what Thomas Edison was doing was have all of his guests perform a little bit of useful work. All the other houses in the neighborhood had gates and had guests, and their gates were a little easier to push but their guests did no useful work. And so really in the 1980s and the 1990s, what we're trying to do is to learn how to apply human ingenuity in that way. I remember a few years ago--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105830#t=0.0,2754.552"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_b.mp3"]},"duration":2290.536,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/105/831/small/lecture.png?1613512303","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/105/831/original/AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_b.mp3?1613512303","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2290.536,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And she returned to me and she said that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=0.99,4.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after leaving off her three-year-old and four-year-old,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=4.35,8.348"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a daycare center, she said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=8.348,10.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Whew,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=10.863,12.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we can only capture the kinetic energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=12.18,16.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of three-year-olds and four-year-olds,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=16.27,18.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she said, \"Wouldn't that be something?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=18.19,20.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we both laughed and thought,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=20.48,22.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Of course, wouldn't that be wonderful?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=22.147,24.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then several years later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=24.13,25.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I read about piezoelectric crystals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=25.42,27.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what's a piezoelectric crystal?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=27.84,29.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a very high technology device","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=29.273,32.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which generates a strickle amount of electricity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=32.08,34.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a small amount of electricity, under pressure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=34.33,38.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's used sometimes in healing bones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=38.09,40.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's used for other properties as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=40.11,41.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But wouldn't it be possible in a few years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=41.907,45.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put a layer of piezoelectric crystals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=45.15,48.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"underneath the daycare nursery floor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=48.38,50.861"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)\nso every time the kids jumped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=50.861,53.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up and down, they produced a little amount of power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=53.1,55.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, obviously, you wouldn't get a 100% efficient system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=55.746,60.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're gonna jump up and down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=60.08,61.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether you want them to do it or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=61.38,64.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this way, you're extracting a little value","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=64.28,68.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from that frenetic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=68.198,69.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)\nif not kinetic, activity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=69.923,72.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similarly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=73.31,75.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we might begin to look at economic development objectives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=75.17,79.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a different way if local self-reliance is our objective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=79.38,83.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way the society now functions is that we try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=83.22,88.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to maximize employment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=88.98,90.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to give people the money that's necessary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=91.57,94.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to buy the goods and services that we need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=94.11,96.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to survive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=96.53,97.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the traditional economic development strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=97.8,100.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What about if we had a strategy that said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=102.12,105.197"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We are going to try to distribute productive capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=105.197,109.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in as wide a way as possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=109.32,111.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that the objective becomes reducing people's need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=111.01,115.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for income?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=115.54,117.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, how would such a strategy work?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=117.12,119.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, let me go back to the photovoltaic cells, for example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=119.45,122.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Solar cells are not economical today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=122.59,125.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a household application in Ames, Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=126.71,129.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me be clear about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=129.84,131.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they will be applicable and economically competitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=131.49,134.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by 1990 or 1992.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=134.56,137.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, if you put 1,000 square feet of solar cells","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=137.37,141.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on your rooftop today in Ames, Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=141.92,145.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you would be generating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=145.52,147.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about $1,000 worth of electricity a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=147.06,152.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Social Security at the low end gives you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=153.29,155.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about $2,000 in Social Security payments per year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=155.96,160.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By 1990, you will be able to generate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=161.76,165.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of 1,000 square feet affordable techs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=165.71,168.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"closer to 1,500 or $2,000 a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=168.63,172.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, which would you prefer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=172.66,173.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have as a social security device,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=173.84,176.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a payment from a remote government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=176.44,179.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a payment from your rooftop?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=179.62,181.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Might not make sense for us in the long-term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=182.81,187.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to conceive of giving people in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=187.04,190.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or encouraging people in the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=190.31,192.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assume themselves a certain amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=192.05,194.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of productive capacity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=194.51,196.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which allows them to generate a revenue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=196.22,198.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to reduce their need for transfer payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=198.78,201.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from other parts of the society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=201.84,203.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my final comment is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=204.84,207.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we do move in that direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=207.27,209.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we do begin to develop integrated systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=209.88,213.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only do the systems become more efficient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=213.12,216.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only do we begin to develop a healthier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=216.33,219.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and resilient economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=219.04,220.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we begin to reinforce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=221.6,223.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and strengthen the very concept of democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=223.97,227.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"150 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=228.47,230.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of our presidents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=230.42,231.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the man who wrote the Declaration of Independence,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=231.76,234.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in my mind, even more important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=234.32,235.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the great tinkerers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=235.59,237.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and inventors of American history, Thomas Jefferson,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=237.12,240.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wrote that a healthy democracy is dependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=240.81,245.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a people who own productive capacity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=246.77,250.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the reason that he thought that was important was that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=252.74,255.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you produced things, you knew how to produce things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=255.77,260.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore, you knew how the world worked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=260.21,262.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you could become an informed 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society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=405.68,408.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for you just stand up and tell me how bizarre","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=409.04,412.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)\nyou thought it was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=412.687,415.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or else to ask questions or make other comments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=415.19,418.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=420.21,421.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=421.043,421.876"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm wondering 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is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=425.474,428.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if all these decentralized systems come into being,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=429.049,433.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will raise the cost of the electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=433.21,435.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that come from the simple systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=435.02,436.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they don't pay themselves anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=436.255,439.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what's gonna happen there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=439.21,440.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there's two answers to that question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=440.32,441.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a very good question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=441.523,443.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is why I said that we have to begin","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=443.3,448.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to integrate these creatures into our system now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=448.08,452.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or else there will be, in fact, chaos.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=452.18,454.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is happening right now is that the largest consumers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=454.37,457.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of electricity are opting out of the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=457.0,459.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're the ones who can afford","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=459.53,460.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put in the power plants first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=460.76,462.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is going on right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=462.46,463.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is going on right now, but less noticed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=464.698,466.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the second-largest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=466.91,468.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the third-largest and the fourth-largest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=468.08,470.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are beginning to opt out of that system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=470.02,472.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meanwhile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=472.23,473.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"utility companies are still building new power plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=473.063,475.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or planning to build new power plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=475.4,477.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the next five years, the next 10 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=477.35,479.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the next 12 years, ignoring what's happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=479.64,482.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What that means is that the utilities will have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=484.09,488.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to raise their rates to their existing customers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=488.37,492.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what that may mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=492.12,492.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that by the middle 1990s of the late 1990s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=492.953,496.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the utility system could evolve into a mass transit system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=496.39,501.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is it could evolve into a system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=501.2,502.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that serves only the low income segments of the society","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=502.9,505.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is heavily subsidized for doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=505.78,508.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it does not have to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=508.04,509.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's not inevitable for it to move","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=509.46,510.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that direction at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=510.92,512.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if it's not to move in that direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=512.72,514.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has to work out a way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=514.57,515.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to integrate in this new breed of power producer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=515.8,519.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because, in fact, to integrate in this new breed is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=519.74,522.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make the overall system more economical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=522.05,524.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more resilient and more efficient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=524.4,526.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you have to be able to integrate that in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=526.33,528.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me tell you a story of what happened in New York City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=530.09,532.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A small business,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=533.91,536.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a business that produces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=537.38,539.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case, yogurt lids,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=539.35,541.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"found that business was booming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=541.73,543.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You all thought that yogurt lids came from the farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=544.68,546.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, they don't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=546.69,547.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they come from a factory in New York City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=547.523,548.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=548.783,549.616"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And apparently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=549.616,550.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce yogurt lids requires a great deal of electricity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=550.52,553.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this small businessman went out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=554.61,557.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and bought a power plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=557.62,559.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Didn't wanna be self-sufficient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=559.04,560.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but did wanna have a little power supply, reduce his costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=560.55,563.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consolidated Edison said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=563.75,565.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"It's all right, it's the law, you can do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=565.217,567.991"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we're gonna put you in a different rate category now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=567.991,570.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You want some backup power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=570.7,571.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll give you some backup power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=571.73,573.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we will charge you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=573.12,574.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the backup power 75% of the maximum amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=574.1,577.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you consume in the previous 12 months,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=577.69,580.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even if you don't buy anything from us that month.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=580.36,583.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the yogurt lid manufacturer thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=584.48,586.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was so much stiff,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=586.36,587.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so he bought another power plant as a backup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=587.93,591.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to his first power plant and uncoupled from the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=591.88,595.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So he's now 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City,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=599.32,600.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"You know, you generate hundreds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=600.767,603.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of millions of dollars a year in utility taxes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=603.97,606.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a 15% tax, state and local tax,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=606.93,609.276"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on utilities in New York 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month,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=629.326,633.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"additional taxes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=633.78,635.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what happens when you don't 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Arizona.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=654.83,658.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Department of Energy wanted to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=658.93,660.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how families acted when there was a power plant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=660.73,662.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the rooftop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=662.727,663.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so the photovoltaics were not 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interesting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=669.21,670.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"900 square feet of photovoltaics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=670.54,673.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"John Long, who is the subdivision developer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=673.04,676.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sold people his $100,000 homes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=677.11,681.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and because they have photovoltaics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=681.09,684.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he sold them, with the home, a converted electric car.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=684.38,689.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that when the rooftop generated electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=691.71,695.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that wasn't needed in the house, they put it into the car.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=695.49,698.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What that meant is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=699.52,700.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when your rooftop becomes a power plant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=700.98,703.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your car becomes a household appliance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=703.63,705.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question was, how do we use the excess electricity?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=706.85,709.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the answer is, we're ingenious,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=709.83,712.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we suddenly use it for our transportation system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=712.16,714.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the same way as when you have a power plant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=715.88,718.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a cogeneration power plant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=718.24,720.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the question becomes how do you use the waste heat?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=720.18,722.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, you use the waste heat by attaching a greenhouse,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=722.647,725.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because now you've got some waste heat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=725.69,727.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you wanna capture some useful value out of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=727.21,729.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't necessarily think that we have to worry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=729.04,733.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about being awash with electricity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=733.58,735.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it is such a valuable commodity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=735.423,738.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we could find many, many ways to use it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=738.29,740.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I am afraid of, however,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=740.87,742.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the parts of the energy system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=742.97,745.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't coordinate themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=745.4,747.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then what happens is that we tend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=747.34,749.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to fragment the energy system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=749.16,750.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a low income delivery system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=750.82,753.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a high-income independence system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=753.13,754.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that would be relatively inefficient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=754.69,757.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=761.26,762.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e When your friend put the power plants into his factory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=762.41,766.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he really just disconnected one dependency","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=767.36,771.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tied them to another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=771.73,772.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He somehow had to get fuel to run the generator, oil or 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boomerang","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=788.326,790.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce his own energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=790.53,792.126"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to burn his energy for his client,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=792.126,794.722"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than staying with Consolidated Edison.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=794.722,797.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he is 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place,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=801.262,803.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the alternate fuel that the fires burn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=803.157,806.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That's absolutely 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example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=843.52,845.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they look then for alternative sources of natural gas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=845.31,848.509"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, in fact, the hybrid poplar farm 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gas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=873.41,874.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then put the gas into the pipelines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=874.37,876.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the cogeneration system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=876.253,878.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, you might always have to import some natural gas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=878.16,881.626"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but these cogeneration systems are also tend to be made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=881.626,885.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so they can burn methane, they can burn natural gas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=885.47,887.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can burn fuel oil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=887.8,889.064"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of them, different kinds of systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=889.064,892.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can also burn wood or coal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=892.55,894.551"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that it's not inevitable that you have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=894.551,897.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be importing a great deal of your fuel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=897.51,899.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but primarily,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=899.69,900.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was talking about it as more institutional 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did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=910.97,913.851"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That really is the goal of saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=913.851,915.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Okay, we've managed now to generate our own power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=915.787,919.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now, how do we begin to generate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=919.01,920.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our own fuel source in this case?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=920.85,924.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not, however, the way the society tends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=924.3,926.251"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do it right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=926.251,928.376"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=928.376,929.209"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you comment on the highly efficient furnaces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=929.209,932.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are made right now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=932.244,934.294"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"95, 98%?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=934.294,936.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, 96%.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=936.13,937.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"90 to 96% efficient furnaces.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=937.83,941.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have that much comment on them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=941.77,943.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except to say that they are the next logical step","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=943.69,947.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by entrepreneurs and engineers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=947.57,951.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"driven by high fuel prices.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=951.22,953.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that what you have at this point is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=953.62,956.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your 96% furnace that is competing against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=956.97,960.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your 96% cogeneration system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=960.73,963.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's really a very close competition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=963.41,965.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One gives you a somewhat higher value product","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=965.45,968.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that it gives part of that product as electricity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=968.6,971.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it also costs you more to get there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=971.357,975.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are a lot of different 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technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=979.91,981.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of which are clearly proven,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=981.62,983.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some of which are somewhat less proven.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=983.75,986.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you're asking about just the overall concept,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=986.73,989.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it certainly makes a great deal of sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=989.64,992.401"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if that was the thrust of your question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=992.401,994.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e There were a couple of things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=994.817,997.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, electricity, often you use a heat or some heat source","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=999.189,1003.086"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the first electricity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1003.086,1004.436"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you comment on that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1004.436,1006.422"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, it's still not as far as I know, but it's still...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1006.422,1010.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened is that the price changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1010.79,1012.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last 10 years have spawned an enormous research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1012.69,1015.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and development effort and inventive effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1015.37,1017.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that there's more 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laboratory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1032.468,1033.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this could become a science fiction lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1033.69,1035.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I am primarily interested in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1035.677,1037.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what is actually out there in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1037.61,1040.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the interesting thing, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1040.91,1042.215"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that is that in 1979,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1042.215,1045.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hostages were taken and oil prices doubled,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1045.24,1048.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was a energy crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1048.0,1051.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And everybody in the country was mobilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1051.0,1053.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for one reason or another around the energy crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1053.54,1056.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's 1984,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1056.55,1058.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and energy prices have actually gone down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1058.59,1061.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the last couple years, so there's no energy crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1061.48,1064.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all the technologies that was spurred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1064.89,1068.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the price increase in 1979 are 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structures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1073.25,1076.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But since there's no longer an energy crisis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1076.61,1079.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we don't pay any attention to these crises","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1079.52,1082.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going on as a result of 1979.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1082.62,1085.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's, I think, one of the major 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communication.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1093.66,1095.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somebody says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1095.89,1097.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I've invented the perpetual motion machine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1097.427,1100.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then People Magazine puts it on the cover,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1100.19,1102.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Dan Rather does something in \"60 Minutes\", looks at it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1102.35,1104.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and within two weeks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1104.67,1105.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody knows is a perpetual motion machine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1105.72,1108.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Six months later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1108.69,1109.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sears Roebuck doesn't have a perpetual motion machine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1109.81,1112.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you decide there is no such thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1112.99,1113.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's it and go away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1113.823,1115.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)\nFive years later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1115.749,1117.226"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entering the market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1117.226,1118.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course, there is no perpetual motion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1118.88,1120.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but entering the market five years later is the machine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1120.77,1124.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nobody really knows about it quite","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1124.47,1128.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there was all this publicity earlier on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1128.32,1131.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people are jaded and satiated by the publicity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1131.11,1134.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that machine is still gonna have an impact.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1134.03,1136.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just because you wanna ignore it doesn't mean","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1136.3,1137.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's not gonna have an impact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1137.82,1139.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's an impact that comes of its own dynamic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1139.23,1141.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without a great deal of public attention on it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1141.94,1145.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The independent power industry, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1145.0,1147.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 1979, had zero sales.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1147.58,1151.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1979, the utility investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1151.44,1154.748"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in central power plants was $35 billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1154.748,1157.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1984,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1159.01,1161.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investments in independent small power production will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1161.16,1164.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between four and $5 billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1164.86,1166.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1984, investment in central power plants, utility-owned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1168.07,1171.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be about $25 billion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1171.77,1173.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is dropping like a rock because of the cancellations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1173.14,1176.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of nuclear plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1176.56,1178.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What that means is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1178.37,1179.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that independent power production will be a bigger industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1179.203,1182.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by 1988 or 1989, and possibly even before then,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1182.88,1186.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then will investments in large scale central power plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1186.57,1189.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet it is not yet a major societal issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1189.35,1193.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because energy prices have been dropping","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1193.17,1194.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last couple of years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1194.86,1196.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1199.28,1200.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems to me that this is by a change in energy prices","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1200.113,1203.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"brought about the change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1205.89,1208.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the way the economic system looks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1208.53,1211.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at itself or each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1211.55,1213.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Economic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1213.55,1214.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's gonna have social implication potentially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1214.62,1217.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e One would think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1218.15,1218.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1218.983,1219.816"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you agree?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1219.816,1220.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (clears throat) Well, I've tried to lay out some of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1220.687,1223.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1223.74,1225.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1225.051,1225.906"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e But what I'm think is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1225.906,1227.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is our economic system is at least somewhere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1227.013,1230.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it seem to me it's isolated us from one another for a while,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1230.53,1235.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if that's new economic change tends to make us look","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1235.7,1240.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at ourselves differently, too-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1240.67,1242.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think it 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sunlight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1375.843,1378.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but here you have the most centralizing form","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1378.87,1381.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of electric power generation in world 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aquifers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1643.44,1645.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore is running out of fresh water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1647.06,1649.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, \"Well, I think we have a concept for 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it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1717.38,1718.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and an individual will spray salt water","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1718.73,1722.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the air and use the cold of the air","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1722.45,1725.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to create an iceberg for drinking water for Long Island.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1725.78,1729.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Two ways of solving the same problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1729.57,1732.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but very different institutional dynamics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1732.34,1734.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with each.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1734.58,1736.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Immediately...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1736.49,1737.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(muffled 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that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1748.03,1748.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They do the same, it's the same thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1748.863,1750.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they have a machine that actually makes the ice crystals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1750.34,1752.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then they're thrown into the year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1752.69,1754.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's what you're talking about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1754.15,1756.925"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm talking about a curtain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1756.925,1759.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would literally prevent their cold air from getting...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1759.16,1761.736"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(muffled speaking)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1761.736,1764.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (everyone laughing)\nOh, I see, I see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1764.484,1769.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, if you could put a dome over a stadium,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1769.81,1771.234"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why not put a dome over it Iowa, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1771.234,1773.908"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(everyone laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1773.908,1775.935"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's another way of looking at the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1775.935,1778.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1778.92,1780.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e We talked about these institutional forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1780.28,1782.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I guess there's lots of ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1782.05,1784.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we might move towards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1784.083,1785.495"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you're talking about this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1785.495,1788.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, what do you see as being the primary mover?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1788.223,1791.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is a grassroots organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1791.67,1795.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it state subsidies, federal subsidies?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1795.34,1799.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e No, ice-","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1799.54,1800.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you comment on those in general?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1800.373,1801.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1801.93,1802.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the prime mover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1802.763,1804.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be a charismatic entrepreneurial engineer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1806.55,1811.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1812.309,1813.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who would stand up and speak the piece,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1813.82,1818.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then form a coalition with people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1818.84,1821.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the grassroots level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1821.79,1823.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think that...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1823.04,1823.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, grassroots itself is important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1823.973,1827.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but tends to be fearful of technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1828.41,1832.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a guiding force for understandable reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1832.43,1835.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other 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technologies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1840.63,1842.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and don't wanna talk to people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1842.74,1844.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless they talk technological jargon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1844.27,1846.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what you need is something that bridges","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1846.847,1849.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that particular gap.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1849.63,1851.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me give you an example of where it didn't happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1851.56,1854.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1935,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1854.23,1855.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Henry Ford looked at the destination in Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1857.64,1861.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the destination in Illinois,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1861.47,1863.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the destination in agriculture in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1863.03,1865.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1865.1,1865.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The problem is that you don't have sufficient markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1865.933,1869.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for your agricultural produce.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1869.97,1871.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem is that you're selling only to food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1871.88,1875.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what you need to do is to begin to use agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1875.3,1879.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the basis for our industrial sector.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1879.31,1882.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he got together 300 people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1882.41,1884.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"engineers, scientists, business people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1884.54,1886.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and set up the American Chemurgic, C-H-E-M-U-R-G-I-C,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1886.71,1891.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the American Chemurgic Council, in 1935.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1892.48,1896.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And its charter was that it would use scientific ingenuity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1896.76,1901.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1901.76,1903.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to promote and to explore the possibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1903.71,1908.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for corn and soybeans and the like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1908.01,1910.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be used as an industrial raw material.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1910.79,1913.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 1942, in his Dearborn laboratory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1913.66,1917.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he was the first to convert soybeans into plastics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1917.26,1920.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, in fact, Henry Ford thought that after World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1920.55,1923.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of the automobile assembly line,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1923.84,1926.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the seat covers would be made out of soy beans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1926.31,1928.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, what happened after World War II was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1929.9,1933.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that oil prices dropped significantly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1933.043,1935.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the Marshall Plan opened up a global market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1935.82,1939.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for American agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1939.24,1940.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those two things sort of postponed the day of reckoning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1940.93,1945.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you will.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1945.76,1946.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's the 1980s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1946.593,1948.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's time for a Henry Ford or somebody to stand up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1948.43,1952.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to say to places like Iowa, \"Look inward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1952.6,1955.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what you need to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1956.85,1958.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Don't look into competing with the European Common Market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1958.24,1960.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"don't look into opening up Japan for American food,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1960.78,1963.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a very short-sighted solution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1963.61,1965.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Look to capturing the additional value that you can","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1965.47,1968.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by diversifying your markets.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1968.64,1970.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've already begun to do that in Iowa through ethanol.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1970.56,1973.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The next is to do it into industrial chemicals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1974.67,1977.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and plasticizers and foams and detergents and plastics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1977.403,1980.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is a matter of turning on people to the concept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1980.87,1985.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The scientists and the engineers say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1985.19,1987.077"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I think we can do that.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1987.077,1988.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The farmer say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1988.76,1989.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I can get twice the value for my corn if we do that.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1989.757,1993.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the economic development specialists say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1993.27,1995.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Now, that's a reason for us using Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1995.867,1998.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the way we should use Iowa.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=1998.54,1999.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, after all, what does Iowa have as a 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resource,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2005.203,2010.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you get very little out of that primary resource.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2010.31,2013.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may be the major part of the stake,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2013.52,2015.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you get very little value out of that resource.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2015.4,2018.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The question is how to promote that resource","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2018.36,2021.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the maximum way that's possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2021.03,2023.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mentioned that you were doing that with ethanol.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2023.85,2026.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I said to you that one of the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2028.13,2031.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're doing in moving technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2031.57,2033.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a different direction is internalizing disposal costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2033.66,2036.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One way to do that is to ban lead in gasoline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2036.98,2040.688"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2040.688,2041.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the State of Minnesota has recommended the banning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2041.521,2043.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of lead and gasoline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2043.79,2045.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The city of Chicago has banned has proposed a ban","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2045.15,2049.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on lead and gasoline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2049.06,2050.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have proposed that ban because of health costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2050.77,2054.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we all are very familiar with that rationale,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2054.07,2056.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is that the society has to pay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2056.58,2059.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for increased special education costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2059.01,2061.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increased the cost for the mentally retarded kids","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2061.3,2064.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that come out of eating lead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2064.51,2066.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"therefore we should reduce lead in our gasoline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2066.48,2069.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would make another argument,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2069.8,2071.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is that if you ban lead and gasoline,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2071.29,2073.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you open up a market for ethanol,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2074.67,2076.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because ethanol is not competitive with gasoline,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2076.4,2078.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is competitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2078.74,2079.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with non-lead octane enhancers in gasoline.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2079.86,2083.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if Iowa banned lead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2083.4,2085.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would open up about 1.5 billion gallon market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2085.92,2090.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for ethanol.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2091.11,2092.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Illinois, where they have for ethanol factories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2092.75,2096.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the farmers are already getting five to 10 cents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2096.65,2099.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of bushel more through their corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2099.04,2101.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a long answer to a short question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2101.03,2104.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But basically, I think that what we need is a coalition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2104.28,2107.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Call it grassroots, if you will,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2107.77,2109.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a coalition of dynamic business leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2109.63,2112.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"scientists, and engineers, and common folk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2112.92,2116.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what the common folk would say is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2116.15,2118.817"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"We want the future to be an ethical one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2118.817,2123.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want the future to enhance our security","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2123.75,2126.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our communities.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2126.08,2127.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what the scientists and engineers say is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2127.72,2130.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"High technology means using science in this mode","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2130.227,2135.227"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it can work.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2136.26,2137.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the business community says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2137.45,2139.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"This is really the definition of a healthy economy.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2139.857,2142.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was in Indiana about a month-and-a-half ago","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2144.01,2147.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I was amazed that in Indiana,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2147.66,2149.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is gospel now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2150.68,2152.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that one of the problems is that Indiana tired itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2152.4,2155.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too closely to the automobile industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2155.94,2158.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, when the automobile industry began","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2159.65,2162.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to decline and contract,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2162.5,2165.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of the subsidiary industries in Indiana began","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2165.02,2167.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to contract,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2167.9,2168.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there was a multiplier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2168.733,2169.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of an exponential negative effect, in the Indiana.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2169.79,2173.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so they said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2173.29,2174.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem has been monoculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2174.4,2177.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what are they doing now?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2179.21,2181.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're trying desperately to create an Indiana","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2181.09,2184.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on the computer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2184.32,2186.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2186.24,2187.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which is so stunning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2187.71,2188.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's as if a farmer went out there and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2189.8,2191.587"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"My problem is that I've tied my 10,000 acres to just corn.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2191.587,2196.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what I'm going to try desperately to do is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2196.21,2198.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get those 10,000 acres planted in soybeans.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2198.25,2201.106"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2201.106,2202.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, either monoculture is the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2202.42,2205.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or it isn't the problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2205.54,2206.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet, there is a schizophrenia in at least one state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2207.7,2211.704"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sure that Iowa is much more flexible about such things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2211.704,2215.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that it takes looking at the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2215.454,2219.304"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a different way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2219.304,2221.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then working with a coalition with those people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2221.04,2224.019"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who can actually implement the solutions that you propose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2224.019,2228.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the nice things is that the solutions are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2233.48,2236.454"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's the institutional structures that are weak.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2236.454,2238.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in many ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2238.99,2240.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one doesn't have to really ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2240.61,2242.439"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a great deal of pie in the sky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2242.439,2244.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20 years from now, this will happen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2244.65,2246.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"types of solutions, they were there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2246.78,2248.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the stories that I told you today are stories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2248.39,2251.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are happening right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2251.06,2252.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One could argue that some of them are marginally economical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2252.75,2255.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is a good argument,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2255.44,2256.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I would also argue that some of them weren't even","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2256.71,2258.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the marketplace 10 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2258.95,2260.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they will be increasingly economical in the near future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2260.82,2264.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we're talking about something that is possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2264.43,2266.879"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at this moment in history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2266.879,2269.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but may not be possible 15 years from now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2269.62,2272.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One more question if there is one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2272.791,2275.624"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If not, thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2276.48,2277.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2277.891,2281.058"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Please come over to Alumni Hall with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=2282.47,2284.57"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22923/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/923/original/AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_b.vtt?1613512314","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/022/923/original/AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_b.vtt?1613512314"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22924","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203400_Local_Self_Reliance_Through_a_Home_Grown_Economy_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831/transcript/22924/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- And she returned to me and she said that, after leaving off her three-year-old and four-year-old, in a daycare center, she said, \"Whew, if we can only capture the kinetic energy of three-year-olds and four-year-olds,\" she said, \"Wouldn't that be something?\" Well, we both laughed and thought, \"Of course, wouldn't that be wonderful?\" And then several years later, I read about piezoelectric crystals. Well, what's a piezoelectric crystal? It's a very high technology device which generates a strickle amount of electricity, a small amount of electricity, under pressure. It's used sometimes in healing bones and it's used for other properties as well. But wouldn't it be possible in a few years to put a layer of piezoelectric crystals underneath the daycare nursery floor, so every time the kids jumped up and down, they produced a little amount of power. Now, obviously, you wouldn't get a 100% efficient system, but they're gonna jump up and down whether you want them to do it or not. And this way, you're extracting a little value from that frenetic, if not kinetic, activity. Similarly, we might begin to look at economic development objectives in a different way if local self-reliance is our objective. The way the society now functions is that we try to maximize employment to give people the money that's necessary to buy the goods and services that we need in order to survive. That's the traditional economic development strategy. What about if we had a strategy that said, \"We are going to try to distribute productive capacity in as wide a way as possible so that the objective becomes reducing people's need for income?\" Now, how would such a strategy work? Well, let me go back to the photovoltaic cells, for example. Solar cells are not economical today for a household application in Ames, Iowa. Let me be clear about that. But they will be applicable and economically competitive by 1990 or 1992. However, if you put 1,000 square feet of solar cells on your rooftop today in Ames, Iowa, you would be generating about $1,000 worth of electricity a year. Social Security at the low end gives you about $2,000 in Social Security payments per year. By 1990, you will be able to generate, out of 1,000 square feet affordable techs, closer to 1,500 or $2,000 a year. Now, which would you prefer to have as a social security device, a payment from a remote government or a payment from your rooftop? Might not make sense for us in the long-term to conceive of giving people in this country or encouraging people in the country to assume themselves a certain amount of productive capacity, which allows them to generate a revenue, to reduce their need for transfer payments from other parts of the society. And my final comment is that if we do move in that direction, if we do begin to develop integrated systems, not only do the systems become more efficient, not only do we begin to develop a healthier and resilient economy, but we begin to reinforce and strengthen the very concept of democracy. 150 years ago, one of our presidents, and the man who wrote the Declaration of Independence, and in my mind, even more important, one of the great tinkerers and inventors of American history, Thomas Jefferson, wrote that a healthy democracy is dependent on a people who own productive capacity. And the reason that he thought that was important was that if you produced things, you knew how to produce things, and therefore, you knew how the world worked, and you could become an informed citizen in the decision-making process. And number two, if you produce things and you had a productive capacity, you were less vulnerable to an external agency, like the government, cutting you off or coercing you into voting in a certain way. So you were more informed, you were more self-confident, and you were more independent. And in Thomas Jefferson's time, that meant government that was based on the yeoman farmer, because that was the part of the population that knew how to do things and had a productive capacity. And Thomas Jefferson was very much afraid of the rising urbanization of America, because to him, the people who went to the cities were the people without property and the people without skills, and they would become the people very amenable to rabble rousers and political leaders and political bosses that would offer them things, and they would begin to develop a voting pattern that would be erratic and would lead the United States into very erratic and frenzied a political times. One could make the argument that Thomas Jefferson was prescient in many ways. And that in order to have a healthy political system and a democracy, we need to get back to his basic concept. Which is that a citizen that produces things and a citizen that has a certain amount of productive capacity, can be a citizen that participates in the decision-making process as an independent and a self-confident entity. And so, as we move away from fragmented systems and long distribution systems, we also move toward making Ames, Iowa, not only a consumer of goods, but a producer of wealth. And we make the citizens in Ames, Iowa, not only people who participate in the political process by turning down a lever every couple of years, but citizens that actually produce a significant portion of their own wealth internally. Thank you very much. After providing you a relatively bizarre theory of the development of modern society, for you just stand up and tell me how bizarre you thought it was, or else to ask questions or make other comments. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- It seems, I'm wondering what... And then, what I'm thinking is, if all these decentralized systems come into being, that will raise the cost of the electricity that come from the simple systems because they don't pay themselves anymore. And what's gonna happen there?\r\n\r\n- Well, there's two answers to that question. It's a very good question. Which is why I said that we have to begin to integrate these creatures into our system now, or else there will be, in fact, chaos. What is happening right now is that the largest consumers of electricity are opting out of the system. They're the ones who can afford to put in the power plants first. That is going on right now. That is going on right now, but less noticed, is that the second-largest and the third-largest and the fourth-largest are beginning to opt out of that system. Meanwhile, utility companies are still building new power plants, or planning to build new power plants within the next five years, the next 10 years, the next 12 years, ignoring what's happening. What that means is that the utilities will have to raise their rates to their existing customers. And what that may mean, is that by the middle 1990s of the late 1990s, the utility system could evolve into a mass transit system. That is it could evolve into a system that serves only the low income segments of the society and is heavily subsidized for doing. Now, it does not have to, that's not inevitable for it to move in that direction at all. But if it's not to move in that direction, it has to work out a way to integrate in this new breed of power producer. Because, in fact, to integrate in this new breed is to make the overall system more economical and more resilient and more efficient. But you have to be able to integrate that in. Let me tell you a story of what happened in New York City. A small business, which is a business that produces, in this case, yogurt lids, found that business was booming. You all thought that yogurt lids came from the farm, well, they don't, they come from a factory in New York City. And apparently, to produce yogurt lids requires a great deal of electricity. So this small businessman went out and bought a power plant. Didn't wanna be self-sufficient, but did wanna have a little power supply, reduce his costs. Consolidated Edison said, \"It's all right, it's the law, you can do that, but we're gonna put you in a different rate category now. You want some backup power, we'll give you some backup power, but we will charge you for the backup power 75% of the maximum amount that you consume in the previous 12 months, even if you don't buy anything from us that month.\" Well, the yogurt lid manufacturer thought that was so much stiff, and so he bought another power plant as a backup to his first power plant and uncoupled from the system. So he's now self-sufficient. At which point, Consolidate Edison went to New York City and said to New York City, \"You know, you generate hundreds of millions of dollars a year in utility taxes, there's a 15% tax, state and local tax, on utilities in New York City. You have people uncoupling from the system and you're in serious trouble. We're in this together.\" And so New York City sat down and worked out a plan. And the plan was to put this man's power plant in a different tax category than it put its boiler. And so the power plant is now in another tax category, which requires the business person to pay $5,000 a month, additional taxes. That's what happens when you don't try to work these little parts into the system. That's what happens when each part of the system tries to keep another part of the system away. That's what happens when you have no coordinating body. Having said that, let me then switch to the optimistic story, which is the photovoltaic array on the housing subdivision in Phoenix, Arizona. The Department of Energy wanted to see how families acted when there was a power plant on the rooftop. And so the photovoltaics were not economical because they were subsidized by the federal government, but the dynamics are interesting, 900 square feet of photovoltaics. John Long, who is the subdivision developer, sold people his $100,000 homes, and because they have photovoltaics, he sold them, with the home, a converted electric car. So that when the rooftop generated electricity that wasn't needed in the house, they put it into the car. What that meant is that when your rooftop becomes a power plant, your car becomes a household appliance. The question was, how do we use the excess electricity? And the answer is, we're ingenious, we suddenly use it for our transportation system. In the same way as when you have a power plant that's a cogeneration power plant, the question becomes how do you use the waste heat? Well, you use the waste heat by attaching a greenhouse, because now you've got some waste heat and you wanna capture some useful value out of that. So I don't necessarily think that we have to worry about being awash with electricity because it is such a valuable commodity that we could find many, many ways to use it. What I am afraid of, however, is that the parts of the energy system don't coordinate themselves, and then what happens is that we tend to fragment the energy system into a low income delivery system and a high-income independence system. And I think that would be relatively inefficient. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- When your friend put the power plants into his factory, he really just disconnected one dependency and tied them to another. He somehow had to get fuel to run the generator, oil or gas. And I have a hard time seeing the advantage of that other than in an economic sense. In other words, that was a cheaper way, he thought, before flow of boomerang to produce his own energy or to burn his energy for his client, than staying with Consolidated Edison. But he is still... If you will learn in a market place, or the alternate fuel that the fires burn.\r\n\r\n- That's absolutely true. He still is vulnerable in his primarily an economic decision that he made. From the system's point of view, however, it is efficient in the sense that his power plan can now be 96% efficient, whereas his furnace is about 60% efficient, and the electricity power plant that delivers electricity is about 25 to 35% efficient, overall. So he's raised the overall efficiency of the system, and I think that's good. The other thing is that a different dynamic begins to occur if his power plants do move in. I mentioned the Starrett City example, where they look then for alternative sources of natural gas. And, in fact, the hybrid poplar farm example that I gave in Maryland, they're gonna chip the hybrid poplars and generate electricity. However, right around the corner now is wood gasification technology. In fact, it's available in Germany, it's available in this country. It's sort of marginally economical right now, but will be in probably two or three years of the outside. So, you can take that hybrid popular farm, making it the gas, and then put the gas into the pipelines for the cogeneration system. Now, you might always have to import some natural gas, but these cogeneration systems are also tend to be made so they can burn methane, they can burn natural gas, they can burn fuel oil, and some of them, different kinds of systems, can also burn wood or coal. So that it's not inevitable that you have to be importing a great deal of your fuel, but primarily, I was talking about it as more institutional dynamic and an overall system efficiency question. And I would like very much for that person or that community to define the problem in precisely the way that you did. That really is the goal of saying, \"Okay, we've managed now to generate our own power, now, how do we begin to generate our own fuel source in this case?\" That's not, however, the way the society tends to do it right now. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- Can you comment on the highly efficient furnaces that are made right now? 95, 98%?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, 96%. 90 to 96% efficient furnaces. I don't have that much comment on them, except to say that they are the next logical step by entrepreneurs and engineers, driven by high fuel prices. And I think that what you have at this point is your 96% furnace that is competing against your 96% cogeneration system, and it's really a very close competition. One gives you a somewhat higher value product in that it gives part of that product as electricity, but it also costs you more to get there. There are a lot of different kinds of high efficiency furnaces which use a lot of different technologies, some of which are clearly proven, and some of which are somewhat less proven. But if you're asking about just the overall concept, it certainly makes a great deal of sense, if that was the thrust of your question.\r\n\r\n- There were a couple of things. First, electricity, often you use a heat or some heat source of the first electricity. Can you comment on that?\r\n\r\n- Well, it's still not as far as I know, but it's still... What happened is that the price changes in the last 10 years have spawned an enormous research and development effort and inventive effort so that there's more inventions than you can shake a fist at. But I tend not to talk about them until they enter the marketplace, and that has not entered the market places as I understand. If I started to talk to you about what was in the laboratory, this could become a science fiction lecture. But I am primarily interested in what is actually out there in the field. And the interesting thing, of course, is that is that in 1979, the hostages were taken and oil prices doubled, and there was a energy crisis. And everybody in the country was mobilized for one reason or another around the energy crisis. Now it's 1984, and energy prices have actually gone down over the last couple years, so there's no energy crisis. But all the technologies that was spurred by the price increase in 1979 are now in the marketplace in 1984 and wreaking havoc with the institutional structures. But since there's no longer an energy crisis, we don't pay any attention to these crises that are going on as a result of 1979. It's, I think, one of the major problems of living in a global village in an information sense. That is we have instant communication. Somebody says, \"I've invented the perpetual motion machine, and then People Magazine puts it on the cover, and Dan Rather does something in \"60 Minutes\", looks at it, and within two weeks, everybody knows is a perpetual motion machine. Six months later, Sears Roebuck doesn't have a perpetual motion machine, and you decide there is no such thing, and that's it and go away. Five years later, entering the market, of course, there is no perpetual motion, but entering the market five years later is the machine. But nobody really knows about it quite because there was all this publicity earlier on and people are jaded and satiated by the publicity. Now, that machine is still gonna have an impact. Just because you wanna ignore it doesn't mean it's not gonna have an impact, but it's an impact that comes of its own dynamic without a great deal of public attention on it. The independent power industry, for example, in 1979, had zero sales. In 1979, the utility investment in central power plants was $35 billion. In 1984, investments in independent small power production will be between four and $5 billion. In 1984, investment in central power plants, utility-owned, will be about $25 billion. And is dropping like a rock because of the cancellations and a lot of nuclear plants. What that means is that independent power production will be a bigger industry by 1988 or 1989, and possibly even before then, then will investments in large scale central power plants, and yet it is not yet a major societal issue because energy prices have been dropping in the last couple of years. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- It seems to me that this is by a change in energy prices brought about the change in the way the economic system looks at itself or each other. Economic, and that's gonna have social implication potentially.\r\n\r\n- One would think.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. Do you agree?\r\n\r\n- Well, I've tried to lay out some of them. Yeah. Go ahead.\r\n\r\n- But what I'm think is, is our economic system is at least somewhere, it seem to me it's isolated us from one another for a while, and if that's new economic change tends to make us look at ourselves differently, too-\r\n\r\n- Well, I think it will. Absolutely, I think it will, and I think that it is. But one needs to understand... By the way, the energy of fuel increases is one thing. That has happened. What I talked about as well, but I didn't emphasize, is the other side of the coin, which is the internalization of disposal costs. Extremely important. I mean, disposal costs were negligible 10 years ago. Now they are significant. In the hazardous waste field, they are dominant. And so it means that we are designing whole new manufacturing technologies because we have now required the producer, the manufacturer, to internalize the cost of disposal. But very clearly, we're talking here about major social changes. I would have to point out, however, that unless for those of you who didn't catch it, my lecture did not presuppose an inevitable future. I will now give you my two-hour lecture of the other future which is possible because of this. The NASA, the space shuttle agency, has developed engineering designs for the use of solar cells in a different way. They will use them for what they call solar power satellite systems. Now, with solar power satellite system, is based on the principle that the sun shines 24 hours a day out in space. therefore, it is more economical to put the solar cells out there rather than than down here. And so their engineering model is to have millions of tiny solar cells wired together into arrays that are bigger than the island of Manhattan, that will generate between four and six nuclear power plant equivalent of electricity, beam it down by microwave energy to central receiving stations, one of which will probably be in Arizona, that's where you'll get your electricity. And then the central receiving station will send it through a regional grid system to other parts of that region. It's the same technology, it's the solar cell, uses the same fuel source, direct sunlight, but here you have the most centralizing form of electric power generation in world history. Whereas on the rooftop would be the most decentralizing form of power generation in world history. There isn't anything inevitable about either one. There are certain institutional forces that push us in one direction or another direction. To give you another example. The first commercial company was set up last year to tow an iceberg from the North Pole to the Middle East for drinking water. And oil tankers that come to the United States from the Middle East go back empty. But they go back with a great deal of water in their ballast, as ballast, in the hold. And they have previously discharged that water into the ocean, but it's polluted. So the international maritime transport association set up certain rules such that they had to decontaminate the ballast, the hold, if you will, in order to be able to send that water back into the ocean. But once they did that, they suddenly had a relatively clean storage area. And therefore, the first company has set up and hopes to, by the end of this year or the beginning of next year, set up such that oil tankers will come to the United States, give off the oil, pick up fresh water from the Great Lakes, and bring it back to the Middle East. So that when I talk about certain dynamics, there were certain systemic dynamics that I think move us in a certain direction, but there were certain institutional dynamics that are still pushing us in another direction. That the Middle East will be using water from melting the North Pole, or that your light bulb will light from electricity that comes from an orbiting satellite system, are equally possible, some people would say are more possible than rooftop photovoltaics, backyard, this that, and the other thing. Both of them, however, are high tech. So we're not talking here about different technologies, we're talking about different applications. Let me tell you, if I may, a story about another way to solve the water problem. And this came from an energy solution and then became a water solution. I was up in Minnesota and I asked them, I said, \"Okay, now we're gonna have a development strategy on local self-reliance. What's a major local resource that you have here in Minnesota?\" And they laughed and they said cold. And they said, \"But we don't really mean that because cold isn't a resource, that's something that you have to live with, like skiing and stuff like that, but we really prefer that it wasn't so cold up here.\" Said, \"Well, cold, interesting.\" So I called up a friend, Ted Taylor, who's a physicist in New Jersey, and brought Ted out to talk to them about his ice ponds. And what Ted has done is develop a commercial product based on a garden hose. He takes the garden hose and sprays fine droplets of water into the year, where they freeze, and they drop not into ice, but they freeze into like a slush, a half ice. They drop into a hole in the ground. You put an insulated cover on the top of the hole, and then you use the ice water for cooling. In fact, the Prudential Life Insurance company now has an office complex in Princeton, New Jersey, that is cooled by an ice pond. But it is even more commercial for dairies and cheese factories, because in those places, you are using electric-run compressors to keep your food cool 24... Not 24 months of the year, how do you like that? 12 months out the year. And therefore, in those places, ice ponds have a payback of between one and three years. And already, the first commercial ice pond is in operation near Buffalo, New York, at the Kutter's Cheese Factory. Well, Ted Taylor was looking to set up a similar type of arrangement on Long Island, and then found out that Long Island has polluted its aquifers, and therefore is running out of fresh water. And he said, \"Well, I think we have a concept for you.\" Let's take the ice pond a step further and talk about the iceberg. And so, what he is now in the process of doing is building an iceberg on Long Island. Spraying the water up in the air, but this time, it's sea water. And sea water melts at a different point than does freshwater after it is turned to ice. And so what you do is you build literally an iceberg. 100 feet high, several hundred feet wide cake of ice. It melts. And after it melts about 10% down, the salt has run off, and what you have left is drinkable water, and what is the maximum melt rate during the year, but August, which is also the maximum consumption of air conditioning and the maximum consumption of water on Long Island. So this is what I call the application of human ingenuity in extracting the maximum value from local resources. A company will tow the North Pole to the Middle East and melt it, and an individual will spray salt water into the air and use the cold of the air to create an iceberg for drinking water for Long Island. Two ways of solving the same problem, but very different institutional dynamics associated with each.\r\n\r\n- Immediately... Lost control, loss in controls.\r\n\r\n- They have an artificial machine. No, they don't do that. They do the same, it's the same thing, but they have a machine that actually makes the ice crystals and then they're thrown into the year. I think that's what you're talking about.\r\n\r\n- I'm talking about a curtain that would literally prevent their cold air from getting... Oh, I see, I see. Well, if you could put a dome over a stadium, why not put a dome over it Iowa, right? That's another way of looking at the problem. Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- We talked about these institutional forces, and I guess there's lots of ways that we might move towards what you're talking about this evening. I mean, what do you see as being the primary mover? Is a grassroots organization, is it state subsidies, federal subsidies?\r\n\r\n- No, ice-\r\n\r\n- Can you comment on those in general?\r\n\r\n- Okay. I think that the prime mover would be a charismatic entrepreneurial engineer. Who would stand up and speak the piece, and then form a coalition with people at the grassroots level. I don't think that... I mean, grassroots itself is important, but tends to be fearful of technology as a guiding force for understandable reasons. On the other hand, the powers that be in the society are wedded to certain technologies, and don't wanna talk to people unless they talk technological jargon. So what you need is something that bridges that particular gap. Let me give you an example of where it didn't happen. In 1935, Henry Ford looked at the destination in Iowa, and the destination in Illinois, the destination in agriculture in the United States and said, \"The problem is that you don't have sufficient markets for your agricultural produce. The problem is that you're selling only to food. And what you need to do is to begin to use agriculture as the basis for our industrial sector.\" And he got together 300 people, engineers, scientists, business people, and set up the American Chemurgic, C-H-E-M-U-R-G-I-C, the American Chemurgic Council, in 1935. And its charter was that it would use scientific ingenuity in the United States to promote and to explore the possibilities for corn and soybeans and the like to be used as an industrial raw material. In 1942, in his Dearborn laboratory, he was the first to convert soybeans into plastics. And, in fact, Henry Ford thought that after World War II, out of the automobile assembly line, the seat covers would be made out of soy beans. Well, what happened after World War II was that oil prices dropped significantly and that the Marshall Plan opened up a global market for American agriculture. And those two things sort of postponed the day of reckoning, if you will. Now it's the 1980s, and it's time for a Henry Ford or somebody to stand up and to say to places like Iowa, \"Look inward. That's what you need to do. Don't look into competing with the European Common Market, don't look into opening up Japan for American food, that's a very short-sighted solution. Look to capturing the additional value that you can by diversifying your markets.\" You've already begun to do that in Iowa through ethanol. The next is to do it into industrial chemicals and plasticizers and foams and detergents and plastics. And there is a matter of turning on people to the concept. The scientists and the engineers say, \"I think we can do that.\" The farmer say, \"I can get twice the value for my corn if we do that.\" And the economic development specialists say, \"Now, that's a reason for us using Iowa in the way we should use Iowa.\" I mean, after all, what does Iowa have as a resource? It has climate and there's top soil. That is what I want has as basically its primary resource, and you get very little out of that primary resource. It may be the major part of the stake, but you get very little value out of that resource. The question is how to promote that resource in the maximum way that's possible. I mentioned that you were doing that with ethanol. I said to you that one of the things that we're doing in moving technology in a different direction is internalizing disposal costs. One way to do that is to ban lead in gasoline. Right now, the State of Minnesota has recommended the banning of lead and gasoline. The city of Chicago has banned has proposed a ban on lead and gasoline. They have proposed that ban because of health costs. And we all are very familiar with that rationale, which is that the society has to pay for increased special education costs and increased the cost for the mentally retarded kids that come out of eating lead, therefore we should reduce lead in our gasoline. I would make another argument, which is that if you ban lead and gasoline, you open up a market for ethanol, because ethanol is not competitive with gasoline, but it is competitive with non-lead octane enhancers in gasoline. And if Iowa banned lead, it would open up about 1.5 billion gallon market for ethanol. In Illinois, where they have for ethanol factories, the farmers are already getting five to 10 cents of bushel more through their corn. So it's a long answer to a short question. But basically, I think that what we need is a coalition. Call it grassroots, if you will, but a coalition of dynamic business leaders, scientists, and engineers, and common folk. And what the common folk would say is, \"We want the future to be an ethical one. We want the future to enhance our security in our communities.\" And what the scientists and engineers say is, \"High technology means using science in this mode and it can work.\" And the business community says, \"This is really the definition of a healthy economy.\" I was in Indiana about a month-and-a-half ago and I was amazed that in Indiana, it is gospel now that one of the problems is that Indiana tired itself too closely to the automobile industry. And therefore, when the automobile industry began to decline and contract, all of the subsidiary industries in Indiana began to contract, and there was a multiplier, sort of an exponential negative effect, in the Indiana. And so they said, The problem has been monoculture. And what are they doing now? They're trying desperately to create an Indiana based on the computer. Which is so stunning. It's as if a farmer went out there and said, \"My problem is that I've tied my 10,000 acres to just corn.\" And so what I'm going to try desperately to do is to get those 10,000 acres planted in soybeans.\" I mean, either monoculture is the problem or it isn't the problem. And yet, there is a schizophrenia in at least one state, I'm sure that Iowa is much more flexible about such things. But I think that it takes looking at the problem in a different way, and then working with a coalition with those people who can actually implement the solutions that you propose. One of the nice things is that the solutions are there. It's the institutional structures that are weak. But in many ways, one doesn't have to really ask for a great deal of pie in the sky. 20 years from now, this will happen, types of solutions, they were there, all the stories that I told you today are stories that are happening right now. One could argue that some of them are marginally economical, and that is a good argument, but I would also argue that some of them weren't even in the marketplace 10 years ago, and they will be increasingly economical in the near future. So we're talking about something that is possible at this moment in history, but may not be possible 15 years from now. One more question if there is one. If not, thank you very much.\r\n\r\n- Please come over to Alumni Hall with us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/36671/file/105831#t=0.0,2290.536"}]}]}]}