{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/mp4vh5d61b/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Altieri, Miguel A., Ecological Foundations for Sustainable Agriculture"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203670 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Ecological Foundations for Sustainable Agriculture is an April 6, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Miguel Altieri. Miguel Altieri asserts that traditional farming methods are better for the environment and are as productive","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203670"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["Ecological Foundations for Sustainable Agriculture. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9m03z28c"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1987-04-06"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Altieri, Miguel A. (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Agricultural ecology","Sustainable agriculture","Agricultural systems--Environmental aspects","Soil fertility","Traditional farming"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Ecological Foundations for Sustainable Agriculture is an April 6, 1987 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Miguel Altieri. Miguel Altieri asserts that traditional farming methods are better for the environment and are as productive","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/283/small/lecture.png?1627046036","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_a.mp3"]},"duration":2677.032,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/283/small/lecture.png?1627046036","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/120/283/original/AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_a.mp3?1627046036","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2677.032,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e On behalf of the Graduate Student Organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=15.69,19.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Plant Pathology, Seed and Weed Science students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=19.35,22.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to welcome all of you here tonight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=22.5,24.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to begin by acknowledging the co-sponsorship","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=24.623,29.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by our department head agronomy, botany, entomology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=29.007,34.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forestry and horticulture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=35.026,37.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the college of agriculture, the graduate college,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=37.69,40.435"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the GSB through their committee on lectures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=40.435,44.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Altieri will also be giving a talk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=46.34,48.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"tomorrow afternoon at 4:10 pm in W-142 Lego Marciano.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=48.89,53.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And his title tomorrow will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=55.098,57.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Ecological diversity in agricultural systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=57.137,60.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its importance to pest management.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=60.67,63.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd also like to announce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=63.59,64.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there will be a reception tomorrow evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=64.77,66.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at 2934 Northwestern at 8 pm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=66.937,71.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is the North Park Villa Clubhouse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=71.52,73.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Refreshments will be served.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=73.92,75.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our speaker tonight, Dr. Miguel Altieri","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=79.22,82.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"received his BS in 1974","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=82.13,85.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the University of Chile in Agronomy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=85.07,87.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an MS in 1976","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=87.787,90.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the National University of Colombia in Agroecology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=90.461,95.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He did his thesis at CIAT,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=95.12,97.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the International Center for Tropical Agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=97.029,101.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Cali, Colombia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=101.92,103.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He did his PhD at the University of Florida in entomology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=103.86,108.065"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a postdoc at the University of Georgia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=108.065,110.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And since 1981, he is now associate professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=110.984,115.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the University of California Berkeley,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=117.29,120.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their division of biological control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=120.15,123.018"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He does teaching in agricultural ecology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=123.018,126.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"weedy ecology, rural development and bio control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=126.5,130.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He also does work in sustainable farming systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=131.84,134.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in California and Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=134.71,137.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Altieri will speak this evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=139.07,141.492"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on ecological foundations for sustainable agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=141.492,145.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Altieri.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=145.133,146.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=149.9,151.459"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm very (clearing throat) pleased to be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=151.459,153.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if I need this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=153.92,154.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's always a challenge to come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=154.85,158.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what they say what is the bread basket of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=158.39,163.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and talk about sustainable agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=164.3,166.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which seems to be a concept that is permeating today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=166.76,169.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only in California, where all the weird things start,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=169.45,172.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but permeating actually most of the institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=172.58,176.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"government and non-governmental institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=176.85,179.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are dealing with agricultural issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=179.68,182.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States and also in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=182.09,185.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think I'm gonna come here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=185.01,186.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to remind us of the record farm foreclosures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=186.16,191.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the rising farm debt, and the falling commodity prices,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=191.25,194.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the decline in export markets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=194.25,195.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the shakeouts in farm supply industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=195.73,198.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the unprecedented government subsidy payments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=198.13,200.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to prop up foreign prices,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=200.61,201.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I think that Iowa and most of the Midwest states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=201.96,205.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are quite familiar with this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=205.53,207.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think that they are quite concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=207.538,210.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's why perhaps as farmers and researchers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=210.0,213.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"link financial troubles in agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=213.13,215.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the increased capitalization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=215.24,216.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of technology in agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=216.69,218.218"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there seems to be more receptivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=218.218,219.785"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to alternative low cost low input","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=219.785,222.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"type of agricultural systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=222.0,223.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So basically what I wanted to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=224.53,227.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to try to relay down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=228.524,230.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what I consider the ecological foundations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=230.07,233.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what sustainable agriculture is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=233.26,235.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this process is gonna take a survey","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=235.35,240.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of most of agricultural systems in developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=240.84,243.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where farmers have been doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=243.97,245.546"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many areas of Southeast Asia, and Latin America","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=245.546,248.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of farming practices that have lasted for centuries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=248.8,252.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there must be something behind them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=252.57,254.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although they evolved outside of the mainstream research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=254.25,257.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They evolve mainly from trial and error.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=257.48,259.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I wanted to basically take you through that tour,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=259.61,263.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then try to see how some of the principles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=263.01,265.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that govern the sustainability of the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=265.4,267.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could be applied into a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=267.14,269.424"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that characterizes more in agricultural systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=269.424,272.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=272.05,273.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Before that, then I'll start with the slides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=274.477,276.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically agriculture is nothing else but a process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=278.57,282.546"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of artificialization of nature.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=282.546,285.129"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you look at an agricultural system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=286.384,288.484"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the natural ecosystem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=291.45,292.824"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared to a mechanized agroecosystem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=292.824,295.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're gonna find that there are some important differences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=295.02,297.371"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of them is that the amount of export","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=297.371,300.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that goes on in natural ecosystems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=300.221,302.388"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the amount of reinvestment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=302.388,304.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is an inorganic matter in biomass and in energy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=304.67,308.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are significantly different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=308.91,310.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from what happens in mechanized agroecosystems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=310.91,313.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they harvest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=313.25,314.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the amount of expertise is very high","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=314.363,316.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the harvest of yields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=316.327,318.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the re-investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=318.23,319.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the amount of re-investment into the system is very low.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=319.14,321.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So therefore in addition to having a simplification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=321.74,326.306"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the ecosystem organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=326.306,327.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the degree of diversity in the system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=327.64,330.512"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's the need for inputs through the human economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=330.512,335.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of materials and chemicals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=335.11,337.268"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and information and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=337.268,339.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to keep the system working.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=339.45,341.345"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas the level of ecosystem organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=341.345,344.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the natural system is very dramatic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=344.037,346.859"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very well organized, and the needs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=346.859,349.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore the functions bionic degradation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=349.4,353.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pest populations, pathogen population, weed populations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=353.45,356.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the functions of nutrient cycling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=356.28,358.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seem to be taken care of by this ecosystem organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=358.613,363.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's based on the diversity of interactions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=363.04,365.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the different components.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=365.6,367.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, this dramatic differences in function and structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=367.73,370.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between natural ecosystems and agricultural systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=370.74,373.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not across the board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=373.66,375.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we will find in the world today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=375.52,380.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a whole range of agricultural systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=381.033,382.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the way from traditional polycultural systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=382.84,385.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are existing in many developing countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=385.47,388.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the way through modern and the monocultures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=388.787,391.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the ones we see here in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=391.6,393.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there will be tremendous differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=394.537,396.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of crop diversity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=396.582,398.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"temporary or permanent stability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=398.577,400.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"genetic diversity in the the systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=400.76,402.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are going to then be defining the performance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=402.43,405.042"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the systems in the longterm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=405.042,406.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, back in the 1930s and 1940s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=408.85,413.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you go into the USDA reports","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=413.24,415.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were published in those years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=415.84,417.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will find that there were many systems of agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=417.26,419.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were practiced in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=419.663,421.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that today many researchers are looking back into","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=421.16,424.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a way to get into what we would call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=424.44,426.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more sustainable systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=426.18,427.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for example, rotations where common,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=427.98,430.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"strip cropping systems, especially for wind protection,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=430.23,432.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like in this case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=432.53,434.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in this other particular case in Michigan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=434.35,436.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cover crops were also very commonly utilized in California","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=437.63,440.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in orchards and in vineyards as a way to protect the soil,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=440.94,443.884"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conserve soil fertility,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=443.884,446.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also increase the multiple use of the system in general.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=446.42,449.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I said, rotations were very common because it was very...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=451.69,454.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was recognized that the incorporation of legumes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=454.9,457.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could have an important role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=457.86,460.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the maintenance of nitrogen fertility,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=460.01,461.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in the systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=461.75,463.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And long-term experiments such as the one done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=463.63,466.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in University of Illinois in the model plots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=466.07,468.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shows that the incorporation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=468.12,469.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example of in particular legume in the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=469.39,472.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can have important impacts in the long term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=472.62,475.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the yields of the corn system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=475.67,479.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared to a continuous system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=479.41,480.874"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or a corn-oats rotation system without a legume.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=480.874,483.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now dramatic changes happen as you can see here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=486.43,489.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the 1960s on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=489.7,492.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the number of farms decreased considerably","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=492.41,495.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=495.1,496.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the size of the farms increased considerably.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=496.61,499.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there was basically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=499.48,501.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there seem to be a correlation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=501.173,502.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the increase of size of the farms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=502.77,505.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the decrease of the number of farms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=505.24,507.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which meant then there was a concentration of the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=507.48,510.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the hands of a few.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=510.457,512.042"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are some people that argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=512.042,513.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the family farm in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=513.78,516.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is nothing else but a myth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=516.21,518.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, that's something that can be debated over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=518.22,523.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now this concentration of land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=523.94,526.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also was accompanied by a decrease in the diversity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=526.22,528.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of agricultural enterprises,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=528.96,530.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you found in agricultural systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=530.87,533.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=533.0,533.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look at these four counties in Illinois,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=533.833,536.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see that the diversity index,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=536.51,538.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is the number of enterprises, agricultural enterprises,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=538.28,541.134"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is cropping systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=541.134,542.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the livestock operations, and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=542.36,544.181"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have decreased in considerably in these three counties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=544.181,546.778"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not so much in this particular county here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=546.778,549.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But where the stress seem to be very common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=549.217,551.925"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very represented in what went on in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=551.925,555.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a decrease in the farming enterprises","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=555.33,557.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is a specialization in the production units","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=557.2,559.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"becoming for example corn, a dominant crop in Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=559.77,563.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when I hear that years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=563.31,565.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was apple and vineyards growing in the state","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=565.95,568.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=568.47,569.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are other patterns in the South Eastern United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=569.45,572.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where soybean and other crops have become dominant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=572.48,574.706"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore the specialization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=574.706,576.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the monoculture nature of agriculture increased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=576.937,580.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as the size of farms increased,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=582.65,585.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the specialization increased also,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=585.03,587.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this, there was the development of economics of scale,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=587.58,591.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that in order for you to cut down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=591.97,594.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on cost of production per unit of land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=594.13,596.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you needed to reach a particular size,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=596.89,598.816"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in order for the operation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=598.816,600.797"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to become more and more economical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=600.797,603.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=604.02,604.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what has caught some of the farmers today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=604.853,607.731"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where many of the farmers that cannot remain competitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=607.731,610.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being put out of business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=610.789,612.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because basically what happens is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=612.31,613.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a pressure to increase productivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=613.92,616.062"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This increase of productivity is done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=616.062,618.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through getting in depth to buy more inputs, more machinery.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=618.56,621.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This leads to over production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=621.68,623.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over production drives the prices and the incomes down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=623.16,626.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This leads to bankruptcy of the weakest competitors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=626.06,629.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those that the deepest in debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=629.63,631.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to buy the very machinery and chemical inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=632.103,634.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essential to achieving the high productivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=634.88,637.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the California today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=637.09,637.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we see that if you don't have 140 acres at least in tomato,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=637.97,641.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is not worthwhile to go into operation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=641.06,643.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you cannot afford,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=643.36,644.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's not economical to buy the tomato harvester.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=644.49,647.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And however, the technology that was utilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=649.59,653.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for those that were able to remain in farming,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=653.29,655.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that are still remaining farming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=655.1,657.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was the increases in production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=657.52,659.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were significantly and very impressive through time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=659.08,661.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see here, for example in the case of sugarcane,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=661.35,664.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this could be illustrated for any crop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=664.787,666.718"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the yields were significantly increased,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=666.718,671.194"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but highly variable through time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=671.194,673.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this increases as a response of the input of technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=675.247,679.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although the returns,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=679.52,682.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the technical fixes led to this growth in yields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=683.41,686.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From the 1960s on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=686.9,689.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this growth has diminished to about 1.2% a year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=689.62,692.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a tendency to leveling off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=692.61,695.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, plant pathologists here in this audience.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=695.64,698.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry, this is the other way around,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=698.48,700.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but maybe we could change it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=700.23,702.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=704.825,705.658"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order to achieve these yields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=709.676,710.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this case of sugarcane,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=710.9,712.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has been some kind of a race","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=712.03,714.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between plant protectionist and the particular pest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=714.22,717.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this case plant pathologists and pathogens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=717.57,719.878"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see that the constant replacement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=719.878,722.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and deployment of germplasm that needs to be done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=722.43,725.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many times due to pathogens that have broken the resistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=725.41,727.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but many times due to some economic factors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=727.92,730.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there has been actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=730.09,731.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although the yields have been high,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=731.62,733.922"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the maintenance cost of yields through breeding programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=733.922,736.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been very, very high.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=736.66,737.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other concern that is coming back today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=740.44,743.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a concern about energy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=743.0,744.919"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, the yield increases have gone hand in hand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=744.919,747.609"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with even faster increases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=747.609,749.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the use of fossil fuel-based agricultural inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=749.51,751.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=751.66,752.591"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Extra fuel-based inputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=752.591,754.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been utilized constantly in agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=755.879,759.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is data from Pimentel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=759.1,760.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you are familiar with his work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=760.8,762.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shows that actually the ratio between output and input,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=762.5,766.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the amount of energy that is utilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=766.09,768.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce a particular unit of food,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=768.12,769.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"increases considerably as intensity of management increases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=769.74,773.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decreases considerably as intensity of management increases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=773.668,776.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when you add the cost of transportation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=776.98,779.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"processing, packaging, and distribution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=780.52,782.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these are considered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=783.86,784.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as part of the agricultural systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=784.74,786.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This system is even more inefficient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=786.36,788.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more dependent on fuel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=788.14,789.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And today there are predictions that sometime in 1990s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=789.73,792.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if you saw the last issue of Science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=792.3,794.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that predicted that there was gonna be another energy crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=794.13,797.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=797.08,798.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore this dependence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=798.29,800.128"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of agriculture on fossil fields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=800.128,802.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will it have to be requestioned again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=802.67,804.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also environmental cost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=810.21,811.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"associated with agricultural production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=811.84,813.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm not gonna go very deep into them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=813.33,815.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but soil erosion is a major concern,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=815.49,817.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I know here in Iowa is a concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=817.38,820.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is estimated that about four to seven million hectares","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=820.12,822.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of arable land are lost in the world today due to erosion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=822.82,826.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore this is the resource base","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=826.74,828.954"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sustains agricultural production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=828.954,831.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and needs to be conserved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=831.01,833.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pesticide issues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=833.053,834.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially the poisoning of the environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=834.35,836.371"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sometimes some of the chlorinated hydrocarbons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=836.371,838.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were used in the past","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=838.84,840.242"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are linked into the food chain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=840.242,842.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's an important concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=842.97,844.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But more so today is water pollution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=844.15,845.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with pesticides and fertilizers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=845.98,847.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And is an issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=847.84,848.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is becoming more and more acute in California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=848.68,852.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I fear that here in Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=852.0,854.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's starting to do some concern about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=854.221,856.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So basically then what is being questioned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=859.12,861.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is whether it is possible to maintain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=861.4,864.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this emphasis increased yields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=864.88,867.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the expense of the environment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=867.47,870.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also a very high costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=870.117,871.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of social and cultural and economic type of events.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=871.907,876.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that there is a need to question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=878.9,881.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this typical paradigm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=881.46,883.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have been basing our assumptions on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=883.01,885.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that the systems that are in the short term","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=885.15,887.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and highly productive are the ones that are good,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=887.14,889.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as oppose to the agricultural system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=889.41,890.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that perform in terms yields in the short term poorly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=890.69,893.561"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not the right ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=893.561,895.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that it is time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=895.8,896.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we start understanding yields in the long term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=896.93,900.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That perhaps it's not so important to obtain higher yields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=900.0,903.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather a constancy of production that is low risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=903.15,905.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is dependable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=905.99,907.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to a yields that are highly fluctuating,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=907.74,909.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or they reaches high points in particular years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=909.99,913.655"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is also important to bring into consideration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=913.655,916.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this concept of sustainability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=916.407,918.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a concept that deals with a capacity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=918.27,921.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of agricultural systems to recover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=921.15,923.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after particular perturbations or stresses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=923.02,925.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whether it's important to have systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=925.87,927.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are able to recover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=927.47,928.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after particular environmental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=928.44,929.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"socio-economic perturbation or stresses,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=929.67,932.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whether the systems break down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=932.03,934.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And today, of course in California","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=934.12,935.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're seeing that many of the systems are breaking down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=935.93,938.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have experienced breakdown of agricultural resistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=938.03,940.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some infection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=940.18,941.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have witnessed some breakdown of systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=941.52,945.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of pesticide resistance developed in many pests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=945.35,948.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's about 250 arthropods today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=948.98,950.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have developed resistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=950.67,953.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some people are saying that it was possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=953.18,957.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get out of this breakdowns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=957.6,960.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through other technological fixes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=960.38,961.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And today biotechnology is gaining major attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=961.677,964.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some people are saying in California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=964.775,966.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and are proposing that in order to deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=966.73,967.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the problem of infection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=967.563,969.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that affects about 50% of the Central Valley,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=969.6,971.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is possible to actually develop plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=971.184,974.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are resistant to saline soils.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=974.233,977.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or it is possible to eliminate a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=977.66,980.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that pesticides usualLy incorporate in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=980.41,982.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by eliminating natural enemies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=982.31,983.601"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then causes secondary outbreaks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=983.601,986.308"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by developing prior to some pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=986.308,989.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are able to withstand pesticides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=989.93,992.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that are resistant to pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=992.56,994.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course, to me, that is to try to maintain the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=994.58,997.639"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with another technological fix","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=997.639,999.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that in the wait for another breakdown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=999.32,1001.828"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the natural processes will surely evolve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1001.828,1005.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And instead of going into questioning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1006.55,1009.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why do we have salinity problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1009.63,1011.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or why do we have pesticide resistance problems and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1011.69,1014.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In order to do that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1014.365,1015.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you're not looking at all of the symptoms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1015.72,1017.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you're looking at the causes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1017.24,1018.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you need to start questioning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1018.39,1020.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the various socioeconomic structure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1020.06,1022.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that underlies agricultural systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1022.21,1024.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So sustainability, basically the question of sustainability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1024.82,1027.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is beyond just dealing with problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1027.665,1029.904"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"instead of you dealing with a particular problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1029.904,1031.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the pesticide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1031.864,1032.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe now you're gonna deal with biological control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1032.697,1034.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It goes beyond that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1034.77,1035.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's basically questioning the very nature of the processes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1035.73,1040.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the scientific paradigms that led us to the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1041.66,1043.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're facing today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1043.663,1044.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the last, I think important index","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1046.87,1049.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that needs to be incorporated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1049.76,1050.942"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the abundance of equity, or equitability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1050.942,1054.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see how evenly and distributed the income,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1054.34,1057.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the process of the produce,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1057.93,1059.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that process of production among the population,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1059.193,1061.544"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they follow this curve that is rather even,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1061.544,1064.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or this type of curve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1064.76,1065.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the major proportion is in the hands of a few,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1065.91,1069.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed in the hands of all the participants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1069.45,1071.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the production process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1071.91,1073.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I wanted to do now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1075.52,1076.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to say that when this approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1076.62,1081.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of high yield in agriculture highly dependent on energy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1081.04,1085.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and resources and inputs is transferred,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1085.007,1089.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reflectively to developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1089.361,1091.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have this kind of social situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1091.88,1094.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of extreme inequity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1094.582,1099.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where a few people have extreme wealth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1099.303,1102.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's a majority of them with extreme poverty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1102.23,1104.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in agriculture, this is the case.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1104.81,1106.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You go to Latin America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1106.107,1107.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"80% of the farmers control 20% of the land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1107.87,1110.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"20% of the large farmers control 80% of the land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1110.65,1113.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you bring a technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1113.54,1114.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that only those that have capital and also credit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1114.697,1119.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can have access to that technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1119.44,1121.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you cause even greater differentiation among the peasantry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1121.32,1124.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the richer farms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1124.49,1126.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happens is that today much of the debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1128.04,1130.281"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Latin American has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1130.281,1131.749"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be explained because of this transfer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1131.749,1134.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this technological approach,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1134.38,1137.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which most of the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1137.3,1139.284"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goes into the production of cash crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1139.284,1141.904"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are exported to industrial countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1141.904,1144.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the expense of the food self sufficiency.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1145.563,1147.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, in Mexico today,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1147.94,1149.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of corn land is under sorghum","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1149.81,1152.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for cattle production for export.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1152.84,1154.842"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Chile, Chile today imports wheat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1154.842,1159.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"About 55% of its wheat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1159.29,1160.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there would be a major expansion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1160.75,1162.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of fruit production for export.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1162.55,1164.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From 60,000 hectares in 1970","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1164.73,1166.892"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to about 300,000 hectares today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1166.892,1170.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These, of course, then leads to a problem of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1170.24,1172.796"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the expense of food self-sufficiency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1172.796,1174.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cash crops are emphasized,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1174.665,1176.256"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this production of cash crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1176.256,1177.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is highly dependent on imports of pesticides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1177.97,1179.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fertilizers, and seeds that are usually very expensive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1179.837,1184.025"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then tends to accumulate towards the debt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1184.025,1187.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the economic crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1187.14,1188.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is affecting some of the developing countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1188.11,1190.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's been some concern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1191.9,1192.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the loss of genetic diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1192.99,1195.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is the case in the Philippines where you can see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1195.42,1198.416"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry, in Greece where wheat varieties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1198.416,1201.446"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have declined considerably,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1201.446,1202.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially traditional wheat varieties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1202.897,1206.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the diversity of germplasm has decreased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1206.01,1208.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the modern varieties have been adopted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1208.2,1212.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is the case in many, many countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1212.08,1213.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the green revolution took place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1213.64,1215.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like in Mexico especially.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1215.13,1217.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, this is a sample","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1219.11,1221.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the amount of genetic material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1221.73,1224.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you could harvest from one particular field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1224.14,1226.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one particular field of a peasant in Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1226.3,1229.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where basically they grow corn and beans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1229.61,1231.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in polycultures mix.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1231.46,1233.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see the tremendous amount of genetic diversity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1233.16,1235.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you can find in the systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1235.78,1237.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This would be an example of the genetic diversity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1238.56,1240.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you would find in a system coming out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1240.233,1242.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the highlands of Peru,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1242.45,1243.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and potato, different potato varieties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1243.93,1246.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The farmers have an amazing taxonomy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1246.23,1248.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for taxonomy there's varieties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1248.881,1250.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They know exactly how to classify them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1250.6,1251.885"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also they know exactly their properties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1251.885,1254.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the culinary properties and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1254.5,1256.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this diversity, as you will know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1256.259,1258.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is also typical of the rice paddy systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1259.423,1261.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you find in South East Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1261.573,1263.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has an adaptive value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1263.66,1264.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because as you will know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1265.94,1267.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially a plant pathologist here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1267.34,1268.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's been a lot of work actually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1268.984,1270.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by professor Browning in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1270.539,1271.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we hear that there has been some evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1271.86,1275.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that as you increase the genetic diversity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1275.697,1277.468"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and resistance in the form of multi-lines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1277.468,1279.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or mixtures of varieties and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1279.15,1280.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be a dumping effect in terms of disease epidemics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1280.95,1285.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And research that I've done in California lately","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1285.49,1287.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is showing that this seems to be the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1287.73,1289.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for some particular specialized insects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1289.21,1291.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like cabbage aphid in cauliflower.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1291.47,1293.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These systems are very complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1296.1,1297.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They're, as I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1297.96,1299.204"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're very genetically diverse,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1299.204,1302.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also their species diverse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1302.9,1304.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are multiple-use systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1305.59,1307.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the farmers have an interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1307.33,1308.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the botanical knowledge of the systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1308.39,1311.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which they were, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1311.0,1312.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lemme see if I can focus this here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1312.64,1315.521"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No I can't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1315.521,1316.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where for example they will eliminate most of the weeds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1317.398,1319.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the exception of azola,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1319.89,1320.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the symbiotic association","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1320.836,1322.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between a blue-green algae and fern,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1322.65,1325.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which fixes about 50 kilograms of nitrogen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1325.45,1328.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"per hectare per year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1328.4,1329.506"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then there's no rationale to eliminate the plan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1329.506,1333.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is going to have an important contribution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1333.25,1335.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the soil fertility and the balance of the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1335.42,1338.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ducks are left in the system to perform several functions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1338.603,1342.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"controlling the insects and weeds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1342.47,1344.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also leaving a certain maneuver","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1344.24,1346.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is going to be contributing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1346.75,1348.137"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the fertility of the soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1348.137,1352.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also the ducks become fattened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1352.03,1354.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore a good source of protein for the local people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1355.52,1358.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a strong, as I said, in the botanical knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1360.21,1362.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the nodule crop plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1362.95,1365.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't have such a concept of wheat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1365.1,1366.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a kind of a non-wheat concept.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1366.88,1368.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in this particular case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1368.96,1369.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can see that the oldest aquatic weeds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1369.85,1371.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were harvested from the paddies for human consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1371.26,1374.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although there are others that are harvested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1374.21,1375.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for animal consumption,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1375.67,1376.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also for medicinal purposes and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1376.833,1379.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this system more importantly then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1381.599,1383.399"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very integrated with other systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1384.64,1386.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are subsystems within the farming systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1386.94,1388.681"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which these people operate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1388.681,1390.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see here, the outline alone and paddies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1390.311,1393.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are highly dependable on the interactions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1393.09,1395.379"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they have with livestock system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1395.379,1396.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"forest land, and grazing land that might be nearby the farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1396.687,1400.634"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you can see here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1400.634,1401.682"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fertility of the system is highly dependent on outputs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1401.682,1403.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the other subsystems that we find here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1403.98,1406.435"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in depending on how the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1406.435,1408.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are able to assemble the interactions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1408.64,1409.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the different components,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1409.98,1410.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're going to be able to become more or less independent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1410.973,1414.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the inputs from the outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1414.41,1416.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And depending on how they manage their rotation and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1416.21,1419.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they might be able to have some surpluses for marketing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1419.88,1422.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore not to be totally delinked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1422.64,1424.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the local economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1424.32,1425.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, as developers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1427.15,1429.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes that we don't understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1429.77,1431.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the complexities Of the systems that I have described.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1431.337,1434.202"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, we might decide that using a tractor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1434.202,1437.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"might be a better strategy than using the buffalo,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1437.35,1439.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because you are gonna be able to gain a lot of labor time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1439.95,1443.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be able to better your timing of operations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1443.14,1445.864"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore, if you actually use a tractor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1445.864,1448.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't need this wallows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1448.61,1450.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are important for the buffalo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1450.03,1452.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The buffalo actually takes a bath here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1452.98,1455.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you eliminate the wallow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1455.02,1456.259"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you do that, basically what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1456.259,1459.956"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that a wallow has surprisingly other roles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1459.956,1463.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the agricultural system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1463.77,1465.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The fish that they grow in the rice paddies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1465.92,1468.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"needed the wallows in the summer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1468.55,1470.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a source of refuge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1470.334,1472.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to help repopulate later on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1472.677,1475.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the rainy season that the rice starts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1475.9,1478.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now the people, if they don't have fish,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1478.92,1480.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have to fight to provide their own protein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1480.41,1483.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from somewhere else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1483.08,1484.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The rice also we're controlling mosquito larvae","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1484.32,1486.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could be responsible for the spread of malaria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1486.29,1488.566"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in order now to control the mosquito larvae,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1488.566,1491.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have to use pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1491.06,1492.277"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if these pesticides are misused,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1492.277,1494.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it can lead to problems of pollution in the system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1494.21,1496.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1496.16,1496.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Same thing some of the surrounding thickets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1496.993,1498.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around these wallows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1498.477,1500.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one important habitat for snakes ans lizards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1500.16,1502.461"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were controlling rats and crabs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1502.461,1504.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can be very important pest of rice again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1504.67,1507.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which then would need the reintroduction of other pesticides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1507.21,1510.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leading to some problems if these products","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1510.237,1512.988"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not used in the right manner.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1512.988,1516.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So here's just one description","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1516.34,1517.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how delicate the balance of the systems is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1517.803,1521.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how important it is to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1521.1,1522.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the interactions that are going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1522.74,1523.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we can make any decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1523.91,1525.694"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on only the increase in yields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1525.694,1529.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which many times is the paradigm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1529.32,1530.958"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dominant paradigm and criteria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1530.958,1533.334"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to make the systems more productive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1533.334,1535.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another system that it's important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1537.95,1539.545"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that it has been sustainable for centuries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1539.545,1542.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is actually a chinampas system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1542.32,1543.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you find in Central Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1543.263,1545.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also some areas of South Eastern Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1545.14,1547.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Mayans were faced with a problem of constant flooding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1547.42,1551.006"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what they did, they developed these islands of mud.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1551.006,1555.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically they took the muck from the sediment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1555.01,1557.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the bottom of the lakes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1557.1,1558.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put it on top of some kind of floating branches.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1558.25,1560.978"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1560.978,1562.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this became permanently attached to the bottom of the lake.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1562.54,1565.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They put trees around them in order to conserve the soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1565.21,1568.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These chinampas, they still exist today near Mexico City.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1571.23,1575.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the major problem they're having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1575.0,1576.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not a problem of a technical nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1576.41,1578.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rather a problem the 18 million people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1578.23,1581.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that live in Mexico city is extracting the water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1581.86,1583.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sending back a lot of polluted water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1583.99,1585.778"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We asked the farmers, the local farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1585.778,1587.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the chinampas in this area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1587.87,1589.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there was any kind of technical question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1589.63,1592.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or technical matter that they needed to be resolved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1592.28,1594.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of soil, pest and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1594.34,1597.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the major concern was actually the regaining of the water.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1597.11,1600.318"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they didn't have basically any major problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1600.318,1603.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1603.373,1604.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The chinampas actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1604.55,1606.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you can see here, it can be very rich in organic matter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1606.65,1609.151"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up to about 8% in many systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1609.151,1612.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a tremendous combination of crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1613.65,1615.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are grown here in polyculture of parents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1615.42,1618.858"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in different arrangements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1618.858,1620.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many cases, many of the plants that we consider weeds","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1620.38,1622.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like amaranthus and caryophyllalum and portulaca","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1622.73,1625.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are allowed to grow here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1625.17,1626.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they are important sources of food for salad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1626.05,1628.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These complex polycultures are harvested at different times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1629.93,1633.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and providing yields throughout the season.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1633.99,1636.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have control over the focusing but...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1636.233,1640.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then sometimes the excess nutrients","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1641.86,1643.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are leached into a water system in which fish grow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1643.53,1647.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they causes eutrophication, a lot of algae growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1647.793,1650.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and before there's a problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1650.43,1651.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of suffocation of oxygen in the system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1651.9,1653.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the farmers actually harvest the biomass,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1653.827,1655.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"put it back into the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1655.85,1657.015"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about several tons of material","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1657.015,1661.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are put back into the system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1661.15,1662.361"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conserving the soil, providing mulch and weed control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1662.361,1665.951"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and conserving moisture in the air in the dry season.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1665.951,1669.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So this is another example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1670.44,1671.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what I would consider some principles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1671.273,1673.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have been governing the functioning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1673.12,1675.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of traditional systems in this particular case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1675.41,1677.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the chinampas of Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1677.243,1679.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now a prevalent component of the traditional systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1680.25,1685.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you'll find in Latin America,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1685.49,1687.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm sure in many other developing countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1687.27,1689.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the polycultures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1689.29,1690.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a combination of crops in time and space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1690.61,1693.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a statistic that show about 80% of the corn,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1693.79,1697.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 60% of the beans are grown intercropped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1697.67,1699.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Latin America.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1699.267,1700.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They compliment each other in amino acids.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1700.81,1704.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's an important nutritional combination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1704.42,1707.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The systems are usually well tied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1708.38,1711.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to some of the main major farm determinants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1711.37,1714.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There they are design after for example rainfall patterns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1714.0,1716.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this particular case in the Philippines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1716.23,1718.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you can see that the cropping system designs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1718.07,1720.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the different possibilities of cropping system designs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1720.52,1722.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are at a very much linked to the rainfall patterns.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1722.53,1725.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they are locally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1726.651,1728.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're designed based on local resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1728.38,1730.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The systems are also important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1730.789,1732.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of labor distribution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1732.48,1734.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1734.38,1735.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the comparison between a monoculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1735.213,1736.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and amaze among association","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1736.53,1738.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is important that although they have more peaks,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1738.477,1743.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these peaks are lower than the monoculture peaks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1744.21,1746.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And many times with farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1746.19,1747.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when farmers have off-farm work, and many of them do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1747.63,1750.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in plantations for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1750.321,1751.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they have to harvest coffee and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1751.75,1754.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have this lower peaks, lower demands of labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1754.367,1758.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an important consideration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1758.41,1759.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These systems are also very productive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1761.92,1763.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And actually most of the work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1763.96,1765.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has been done in polyculture yields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1765.34,1767.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been at the international centers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1767.47,1768.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was in CIAT,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1768.483,1770.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we did a lot of work with corn and beans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1770.33,1771.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we found that the systems overyield at the monocultures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1771.687,1774.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is actually measured","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1774.62,1776.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the land to yards ratio.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1776.2,1777.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With your value of 1.5 means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1777.92,1778.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you need 1.5 hectares of monoculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1778.96,1781.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce the amount, the same amount of crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1781.93,1784.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you would produce in one hectare of polyculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1784.66,1788.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's been these types of layers and yards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1788.98,1792.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been calculated for several types of cropping systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1792.59,1795.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will vary with the different species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1795.91,1797.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can be combined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1797.65,1798.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether you're combining the same row, and parallel rows,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1798.62,1801.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or if you plant them in different times of the year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1801.3,1803.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in relation to each other, and so on and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1803.44,1805.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in most of the cases the LDRs always have been higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1805.65,1809.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the polycultures, meaning that they overyield.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1810.75,1813.927"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The systems are also very important insurance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1815.43,1817.645"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of policies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1817.645,1820.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that they minimize risk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1820.52,1822.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example, in this case, in the highlands of Tlaxcala,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1822.56,1824.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can see that there is a corn farming association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1824.89,1827.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The farmers knowing that area that once in a while,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1827.79,1829.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a frost comes unexpectedly, kills the corn,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1829.91,1831.997"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the fall is sustain the frost.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1831.997,1834.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whereas many farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1834.7,1835.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that follow their recommendations of CIMMYT,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1835.66,1837.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the international centers in Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1837.25,1838.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to adopt high yielding varieties of corn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1838.9,1840.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in monocultural parents lost everything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1840.38,1842.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and did not have the fava beans to rely on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1842.319,1844.469"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are some unique ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1846.64,1848.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which farmers maintain soil fertility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1848.09,1849.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without inputs in the systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1849.86,1850.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is a fava bean-corn system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1850.693,1853.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the fava beans are planted much earlier than corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1853.47,1855.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They fixed nitrogen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1855.95,1856.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the corn is planted later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1856.783,1858.498"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they harvest the fava beans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1858.498,1860.881"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but then they leave the residues on top.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1860.881,1864.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this corn which has been affected a lot by shading","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1864.565,1867.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recovers tremendously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1867.71,1868.765"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the organic matter that is left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1868.765,1871.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the residues that are left to decompose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1871.98,1873.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and start incorporating organic matter into the soil with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1873.967,1878.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's actually some researchers in Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1878.83,1880.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have quantified this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1880.563,1882.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have come out with some positive results.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1882.53,1885.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the aspects that I'm gonna be discussing tomorrow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1887.144,1889.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the whole issue about what are the implications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1889.95,1893.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of complex associations of crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1893.07,1894.912"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in relation to insect dynamics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1894.912,1897.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And usually we have been trained to look at monocultures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1897.507,1901.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're having trained as monoculture entomologists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1901.82,1906.029"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in that is we have one crop, perhaps one or two,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1906.029,1909.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two or three pests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1909.24,1910.144"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we deal mainly with one or two parasites,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1910.144,1913.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the pesticide situation allows it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1913.39,1916.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we have no notions of the complexities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1916.0,1918.827"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and interactions that would happen we have within the field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1918.827,1921.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or around the fields, complex associations of crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1921.93,1924.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that could be affecting in many other ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1924.32,1926.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all these insect communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1926.48,1927.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we find in our fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1927.82,1929.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But this is gonna be a subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1929.97,1931.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are gonna treat in more detail tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1931.32,1933.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"However, just to give a few examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1933.32,1935.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have done some quantification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1935.07,1935.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in traditional system in Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1935.903,1938.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where, for example corn and alfalfa are grown in rotation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1938.263,1943.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here, you can see the alfalfa is harvested.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1943.91,1946.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Next year, they will plant the corn here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1947.26,1948.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the alfalfa there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1948.65,1949.751"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you sample, for example natural enemy populations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1949.751,1952.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like coccinellis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1952.52,1953.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are important predators of aphids that attack the corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1955.1,1957.307"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you look at the populations here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1957.307,1959.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the rows immediately adjacent to alfalfa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1959.53,1961.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and away from the alfalfa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1961.97,1963.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you'll find some interesting trends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1963.43,1965.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the number of coccinellis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1965.86,1967.926"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through all the season in the border in the corns,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1967.926,1971.404"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the three rows that are close to the alfalfa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1971.404,1974.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is the population of the coccinelli","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1974.5,1976.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"towards the center of the field","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1976.95,1978.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you get away from the alfalfa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1978.45,1980.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's possibilities here of managing alfalfa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1980.03,1982.388"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to, for example, it could be cut","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1982.388,1985.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at particular times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1985.08,1985.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to force movement of predators into the corn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1985.913,1988.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it's necessary and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1988.11,1989.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These things have been inadvertently developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1989.38,1992.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by our farmers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1992.11,1993.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They actually don't tell you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1993.02,1994.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't go and ask them, \"Why are you growing alfalfa?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1994.31,1996.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They say, \"Well, the coccinellis moving to the fields.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1996.693,1999.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's not that kind of rationale,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=1999.56,2000.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the results are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2000.81,2003.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same thing with the corn beans squash polycultures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2005.4,2008.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we have quantify in some of the systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2008.07,2011.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in tropical Mexico.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2011.18,2012.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see, for example, that this three population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2012.223,2015.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was significantly higher in the monoculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2015.73,2017.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as opposed to the polyculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2017.88,2018.977"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And one of the main reasons was because in the polycultures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2018.977,2021.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the audience, which is the minor parent bug","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2021.473,2024.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"colonize the polyculture much area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2024.15,2026.375"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the monoculture in entire number.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2026.375,2028.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a direct correlation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2028.01,2029.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the abundance of the natural enemy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2029.41,2030.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the decrease of a particular pest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2030.68,2034.012"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the corn polyculture system, and monoculture system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2034.012,2037.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, another thing I've been mentioning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2038.949,2041.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the non-weed concept,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2041.02,2042.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's farmers that actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2042.75,2044.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as I have shown throughout the slide show","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2044.11,2046.102"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"leave certain weeds in the field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2046.102,2048.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They eliminate everything else,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2048.0,2048.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they leave particular plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2048.833,2050.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this case, there's a tomato plant in here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2050.33,2052.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this asclepiadaceae","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2052.3,2053.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is left in the field by Mexican farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2053.97,2056.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it actually is a good source to make chicle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2056.68,2061.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or bubble gum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2061.57,2062.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's another extra source of income","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2062.403,2064.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they utilize for their benefit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2064.26,2068.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other cases you go into Puebla,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2068.95,2071.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you find these loopings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2071.36,2072.775"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are growing around the corn fields,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2072.775,2076.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and (clearing throat) everything else has been eliminated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2076.97,2079.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then you kind of ask yourself what's going on here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2079.53,2081.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we did,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2081.895,2084.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here there was more of an ecological rationale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2084.39,2086.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The farmers said that they attracted the bugs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2086.15,2088.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"away from the corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2088.55,2089.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It turns out that there is a macrodactylus, a scarab beetle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2089.615,2093.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is attracted to the flowers of this pest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2093.617,2096.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and live along the corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2096.65,2098.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where you don't have these plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2098.51,2100.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the corn suffers tremendous losses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2100.45,2102.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we did quantifications of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2102.14,2103.488"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And basically what the farmers do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2103.488,2106.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is once they got around these plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2106.097,2109.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they cut the plant, and then they killed them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2109.01,2110.896"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They take the plant and put it inside a truck.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2110.896,2113.934"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, a can full of truck oil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2113.934,2115.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is a very labor-intensive thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2117.05,2118.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but when I'm trying to explain here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2118.67,2120.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the principles behind what's going on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2120.85,2123.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which could be used in many ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2123.28,2125.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in monoagricultural systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2125.223,2127.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have done actually research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2129.44,2130.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on seeing what the effects would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2130.98,2133.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of having this kind of weed diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2133.61,2135.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One other thing is in Columbia, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2135.21,2137.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many farmers left strips of this particular weed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2137.03,2141.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are two grasses, leptobraut informis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2141.363,2143.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and eleusine indica inside their bean fields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2143.43,2147.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they uses are foreign.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2147.35,2148.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it turns out that this plant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2149.81,2151.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you grow it as borders in a less dangerous way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2151.55,2155.588"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because if you have it as strips","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2155.588,2156.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can kinda colonize and compete more with the beans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2156.66,2160.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared to monocultures without borders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2162.003,2163.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we found that the main bean pest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2163.32,2165.416"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is empoasca colonizer is a leafhopper","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2165.416,2167.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that inserts the toxic inside the beans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2167.67,2169.672"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We found that populations in these beans without borders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2169.672,2173.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were extremely high,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2173.38,2174.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as oppose the populations of leafhoppers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2174.221,2176.214"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the beans with weeds as borders around them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2176.214,2179.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So here again, there's just a scientific experiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2179.14,2182.187"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was designed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2182.187,2183.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to basically say yes, what the traditional farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2184.23,2186.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been doing for centuries is correct.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2186.37,2188.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not inventing the wheel at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2188.74,2190.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now these polycultures become more complex","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2192.28,2195.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as perennial components.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2195.41,2197.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Get into the picture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2199.18,2200.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And actually many of these perennial components","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2201.66,2203.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are low management crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2203.46,2204.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They provide certain sources of mulching,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2204.81,2207.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2207.73,2208.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the system becomes more of a multiple use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2208.9,2210.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they brought fruits, fodder, fuel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2210.67,2213.739"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"construction materials, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2213.739,2215.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this system with time can become very complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2215.96,2219.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see here that the systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2219.16,2221.184"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is another case of the banana with a particular cover crop,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2221.184,2225.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and here you have in Southeast Asia, in Java","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2227.36,2231.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"broccoli growing under a canopy of bananas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2231.48,2235.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and citrus and coffee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2235.363,2237.372"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here a very complex agroforestry system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2237.372,2240.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you have trees of all kinds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2240.44,2242.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're very diversified system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2242.28,2243.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only time and space, but also in altitudinal speaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2243.56,2247.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So here we can see them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2247.76,2249.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the system become multiple use systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2249.42,2252.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where forest and trees, fruit trees, and forest trees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2252.21,2256.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and crops are combined together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2256.88,2258.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some of the systems animals are also included.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2258.74,2261.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These systems are very important in closing, not in cycling,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2262.108,2266.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because for example, in monocultures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2266.73,2268.568"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially the annual crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2268.568,2270.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of nutrients that are leached,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2270.14,2272.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whereas when you combine it with trees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2273.7,2275.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of these leached nutrients could be taken up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2275.61,2279.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the deeper roots of the trees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2279.258,2281.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore tap back into the system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2281.33,2283.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"close in many of the cycle of many nutrients.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2283.25,2286.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that there's a lot of potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2286.25,2287.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this kind of systems to be developed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2287.89,2289.799"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in countries like here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2289.799,2292.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at this point then, in the agroforestry systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2292.88,2295.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only the diversity above the ground becomes important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2295.45,2298.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also the diversity of below ground,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2298.07,2299.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the rooting patterns of the different plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2299.757,2301.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going to be combined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2301.58,2302.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's gonna become a very important element","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2302.71,2304.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the design of the systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2304.2,2305.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in a sense then, what farmers are doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2307.69,2310.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many areas of the topic of lowlands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2310.03,2311.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is imitating the natural succession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2311.86,2314.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically starting with an association of annual crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2314.63,2317.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These annual crops become enriched","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2317.11,2318.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with perennial components,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2318.4,2319.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and later on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2319.233,2320.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they become kind of a climax forest type of useful plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2320.14,2324.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in many areas of the tropics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2324.89,2326.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you will find the famous home gardens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2326.37,2328.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the pecan engans of the guarto familiares","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2328.16,2330.285"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that very common throughout many of the countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2330.285,2333.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are very complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2333.1,2333.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you find that sometimes 360 species of crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2333.933,2337.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"multiple use systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2337.633,2339.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"important sources of germplasm conservation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2339.052,2341.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with very complex arrangements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2343.34,2345.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only in a profile manner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2345.03,2346.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also the canopy level.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2346.71,2348.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here the management of the canopies through pruning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2348.25,2350.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an important aspect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2350.7,2352.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in maintaining for a period of the systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2352.397,2354.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pretty much the farmers know this gap theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2354.42,2356.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that foresters are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2356.76,2357.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially tropical foresters are familiar with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2357.76,2360.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sometimes any event causes a tree to fall down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2360.69,2363.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of a lighting or something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2363.63,2366.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Falls down, opens a gap,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2366.13,2367.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's fine for colonization of new species.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2367.46,2369.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's the way that the forest regenerates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2369.48,2371.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well these farmers basically many times to do prunings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2371.38,2373.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"major prunings here in order to allow in sunlight to come in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2373.52,2376.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they plant annual crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2376.56,2377.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or other shrubs that need more light.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2377.86,2379.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have done some work in this agroforestry systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2382.52,2384.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from an entomological perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2384.81,2386.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also in soils particular perspective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2386.22,2388.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm gonna explain some of these work tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2388.49,2390.691"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in many areas they don't clear cut totally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2390.691,2393.582"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is in Puebla.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2393.582,2395.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't clear cut totally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2395.0,2396.326"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They use certain trees that are going to be utilized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2396.326,2398.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/948","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for different purposes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2398.477,2399.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/949","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of them for food purposes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2399.51,2400.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of them for fuel, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2400.967,2403.244"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(coughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2403.244,2404.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we were interested in knowing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2404.143,2405.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happens away from particular trees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2405.55,2407.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what happens with nutrient levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2407.937,2409.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what happens also with the infestation levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2409.6,2411.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of particular pests on corn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2411.44,2413.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we did some experiments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2413.78,2414.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we found for example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2414.9,2416.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that depending on the tree species.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2416.01,2417.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is capulin, which is a prunus, is a deciduous tree.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2417.31,2420.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is sabino which is kind of a cypress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2420.25,2422.807"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can see that nitrogen levels decrease","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2422.807,2427.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you got away from the trees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2427.13,2430.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And whereas there was no change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2430.37,2431.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the nutrient levels to speak of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2431.897,2434.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you got away from the sabino trees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2434.07,2436.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Same thing with phosphorus levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2436.4,2438.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There seems to be a tremendous decline in gradient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2438.617,2442.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you got away from the trees as oppose to sabino","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2442.18,2444.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that again, did not have,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2444.91,2447.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exhibit this gradient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2447.12,2449.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So basically then what we were finding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2449.04,2452.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that these trees were affecting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2452.15,2454.572"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the soil fertility levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2454.572,2456.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the shading, delay the growth of the corn,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2456.387,2459.787"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the yields of this corn were higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2459.787,2461.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the yield of this corn, but much later in the season.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2461.8,2464.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So basically what farmers do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2464.92,2466.275"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is they harvest all the corn,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2466.275,2467.875"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which they barter or sell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2467.875,2470.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this corn then is harvested later","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2470.88,2472.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for storage and for after consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2472.9,2475.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So basically then in order to develop technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2478.26,2481.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are appropriate to the circumstances, socio economic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2481.46,2483.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ecological circumstances of small farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2483.79,2486.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is important to take into consideration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2486.02,2488.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the traditional knowledge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2488.55,2490.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at the same time take the elements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2490.06,2491.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of modern agricultural science and technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2491.94,2494.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that somehow promote a marriage between them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2494.443,2498.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to develop a product in knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2498.94,2501.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are tailored to the needs of the farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2501.1,2503.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of the farmers based on local resources.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2503.287,2505.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think it is important to get away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2505.48,2506.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from this top-down approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2506.99,2508.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where scientists define the problems and opportunities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2508.48,2510.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that kind of recommend what needs to be done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2510.93,2513.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in farmer's fields.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2513.52,2514.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And rather start with more of an exchange","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2514.57,2517.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where scientists learn about farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2517.75,2519.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"families, resources and priorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2519.47,2521.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They define jointly the problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2521.83,2523.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and opportunities with farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2523.42,2524.494"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and come up with particular recommendations for the farmers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2524.494,2527.606"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that this model that was developed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2527.606,2529.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for developing countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2529.54,2531.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it can be very appropriate for circumstances in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2531.45,2534.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and anywhere in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2534.052,2535.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lemme just give you one quick explanation here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2537.29,2539.524"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about one approach that we have developed in Chile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2539.524,2542.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we have developed basically a farming system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2544.13,2546.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is what we consider sustainable farming system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2546.48,2549.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it ensures full self-sufficiency,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2549.14,2551.615"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it does not depend on inputs from the outside.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2551.615,2554.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It does not require fertilizers, pesticides, machinery,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2554.31,2558.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's based mostly on the labor of a family of five.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2558.1,2560.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This system was developed as a model farm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2562.19,2564.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by some colleagues of mine and myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2564.84,2568.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with funding from the Inter-America Foundation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2568.05,2571.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1020","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And basically it's divided","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2571.41,2572.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1021","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into what we call the home garden system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2572.72,2574.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has animals, bees, rabbits, chickens,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2574.5,2577.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some raised beds for vegetable production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2578.77,2581.021"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1024","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what we call the rotational system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2581.021,2583.082"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1025","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This notational system is divided in six plots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2583.082,2585.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you can see here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2585.21,2586.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a more detailed example is shown here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2586.93,2590.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you can see that here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2590.36,2591.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have the home garden situation with raised beds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2591.96,2595.444"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bees, compost piles and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2595.444,2597.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the rotational system surrounded by perennial trees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2597.43,2601.622"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going to be providing other sources of fuel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2601.622,2604.828"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"construction material, and so on later on in the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2604.828,2607.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This rotation is based on a three,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2607.993,2611.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a third, second, and first year pasture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2612.32,2614.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without functioning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2614.99,2616.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the system starts rotating this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2616.783,2619.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in a way, each plot is preparing the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2619.147,2622.357"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the next plot to come next year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2622.357,2624.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you can grow whatever design you want,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2624.803,2627.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in multiple cropping system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2627.5,2628.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and strict cropping systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2628.69,2629.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"minimal tillage patterns,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2629.97,2631.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1044","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whatever you want your crop associations in each plot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2631.3,2634.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1045","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the design was based on the fact that these three plots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2634.407,2638.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1046","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were going to be constantly enriching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2638.22,2640.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1047","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the soil with nitrogen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2641.45,2642.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1048","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the same time the rotation was going to be breaking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2642.59,2644.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1049","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the life cycles of many pests.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2644.9,2646.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1050","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As we know that patients break the life cycles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2646.4,2648.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1051","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of insects and pathogens and weeds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2648.34,2650.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1052","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore we expected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2650.32,2652.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1053","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there was going to not be kind of an increase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2652.36,2656.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1054","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of particular pest populations in the systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2656.0,2658.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1055","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the raised beds, we have developed important associations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2660.141,2663.211"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1056","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in time and space of vegetables.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2663.211,2665.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1057","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see here, a very intensive use of the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2666.63,2670.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1058","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with highly composted raised beds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=2670.09,2671.973"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31444/annotation/1059","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/444/original/AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_a.vtt?1627046038","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/444/original/AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_a.vtt?1627046038"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31445","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283/transcript/31445/annotation/1060","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- On behalf of the Graduate Student Organization of Plant Pathology, Seed and Weed Science students, I'd like to welcome all of you here tonight. I'd like to begin by acknowledging the co-sponsorship by our department head agronomy, botany, entomology, forestry and horticulture, the college of agriculture, the graduate college, and the GSB through their committee on lectures. Dr. Altieri will also be giving a talk tomorrow afternoon at 4:10 pm in W-142 Lego Marciano. And his title tomorrow will be \"Ecological diversity in agricultural systems, and its importance to pest management.\" I'd also like to announce that there will be a reception tomorrow evening at 2934 Northwestern at 8 pm, and this is the North Park Villa Clubhouse. Refreshments will be served. Our speaker tonight, Dr. Miguel Altieri received his BS in 1974 from the University of Chile in Agronomy, an MS in 1976 from the National University of Colombia in Agroecology. He did his thesis at CIAT, which is the International Center for Tropical Agriculture in Cali, Colombia. He did his PhD at the University of Florida in entomology, a postdoc at the University of Georgia. And since 1981, he is now associate professor at the University of California Berkeley, in their division of biological control. He does teaching in agricultural ecology, weedy ecology, rural development and bio control. He also does work in sustainable farming systems in California and Latin America. Dr. Altieri will speak this evening on ecological foundations for sustainable agriculture, Dr. Altieri.\r\n\r\n- Thank you. I'm very pleased to be here. I don't know if I need this, but it's always a challenge to come to what they say what is the bread basket of the world, and talk about sustainable agriculture, which seems to be a concept that is permeating today, not only in California, where all the weird things start, but permeating actually most of the institutions, government and non-governmental institutions that are dealing with agricultural issues in the United States and also in the world. And I don't think I'm gonna come here to try to remind us of the record farm foreclosures, and the rising farm debt, and the falling commodity prices, and the decline in export markets, and the shakeouts in farm supply industry, and the unprecedented government subsidy payments to prop up foreign prices, because I think that Iowa and most of the Midwest states are quite familiar with this, and I think that they are quite concerned. And that's why perhaps as farmers and researchers link financial troubles in agriculture to the increased capitalization of technology in agriculture, there seems to be more receptivity to alternative low cost low input type of agricultural systems. So basically what I wanted to do is to try to relay down, or what I consider the ecological foundations of what sustainable agriculture is. And this process is gonna take a survey of most of agricultural systems in developing countries where farmers have been doing in many areas of Southeast Asia, and Latin America a lot of farming practices that have lasted for centuries. And there must be something behind them, although they evolved outside of the mainstream research. They evolve mainly from trial and error. So I wanted to basically take you through that tour, and then try to see how some of the principles that govern the sustainability of the system could be applied into a situation that characterizes more in agricultural systems in the United States. Before that, then I'll start with the slides. Basically agriculture is nothing else but a process of artificialization of nature. And if you look at an agricultural system, the natural ecosystem, compared to a mechanized agroecosystem, we're gonna find that there are some important differences. And one of them is that the amount of export that goes on in natural ecosystems, and the amount of reinvestment that is an inorganic matter in biomass and in energy are significantly different from what happens in mechanized agroecosystems, where they harvest, the amount of expertise is very high because of the harvest of yields, and the re-investment, the amount of re-investment into the system is very low. So therefore in addition to having a simplification in the ecosystem organization, that is the degree of diversity in the system, there's the need for inputs through the human economy in terms of materials and chemicals, and information and so on in order to keep the system working. Whereas the level of ecosystem organization in the natural system is very dramatic, is very well organized, and the needs, and therefore the functions bionic degradation of pest populations, pathogen population, weed populations, and the functions of nutrient cycling seem to be taken care of by this ecosystem organization that's based on the diversity of interactions between the different components. Now, this dramatic differences in function and structure between natural ecosystems and agricultural systems are not across the board because we will find in the world today, a whole range of agricultural systems, all the way from traditional polycultural systems that are existing in many developing countries, all the way through modern and the monocultures as the ones we see here in Iowa. And there will be tremendous differences in terms of crop diversity, temporary or permanent stability, genetic diversity in the the systems, which are going to then be defining the performance of the systems in the longterm. Now, back in the 1930s and 1940s, if you go into the USDA reports that were published in those years, you will find that there were many systems of agriculture that were practiced in this country that today many researchers are looking back into as a way to get into what we would call more sustainable systems. And for example, rotations where common, strip cropping systems, especially for wind protection, like in this case, or in this other particular case in Michigan. Cover crops were also very commonly utilized in California in orchards and in vineyards as a way to protect the soil, conserve soil fertility, and also increase the multiple use of the system in general. As I said, rotations were very common because it was very... It was recognized that the incorporation of legumes could have an important role in the maintenance of nitrogen fertility, especially in the systems. And long-term experiments such as the one done in University of Illinois in the model plots shows that the incorporation for example of in particular legume in the system can have important impacts in the long term on the yields of the corn system compared to a continuous system, or a corn-oats rotation system without a legume. Now dramatic changes happen as you can see here from the 1960s on where the number of farms decreased considerably in the United States, and the size of the farms increased considerably. So there was basically, there seem to be a correlation between the increase of size of the farms, and then the decrease of the number of farms, which meant then there was a concentration of the land in the hands of a few. And there are some people that argue that the family farm in the United States is nothing else but a myth. However, that's something that can be debated over. Now this concentration of land also was accompanied by a decrease in the diversity of agricultural enterprises, that you found in agricultural systems. And for example, if you look at these four counties in Illinois, you can see that the diversity index, that is the number of enterprises, agricultural enterprises, that is cropping systems, the livestock operations, and so on have decreased in considerably in these three counties, but not so much in this particular county here. But where the stress seem to be very common and very represented in what went on in the United States. There was a decrease in the farming enterprises that is a specialization in the production units becoming for example corn, a dominant crop in Iowa, when I hear that years ago, there was apple and vineyards growing in the state and so on. There are other patterns in the South Eastern United States where soybean and other crops have become dominant. And therefore the specialization, the monoculture nature of agriculture increased. And as the size of farms increased, and the specialization increased also, this, there was the development of economics of scale, and that in order for you to cut down on cost of production per unit of land, you needed to reach a particular size, and in order for the operation to become more and more economical. And this is of course what has caught some of the farmers today where many of the farmers that cannot remain competitive are being put out of business. Because basically what happens is that there is a pressure to increase productivity. This increase of productivity is done through getting in depth to buy more inputs, more machinery. This leads to over production, over production drives the prices and the incomes down. This leads to bankruptcy of the weakest competitors, those that the deepest in debt in order to buy the very machinery and chemical inputs essential to achieving the high productivity. And the California today, we see that if you don't have 140 acres at least in tomato, it is not worthwhile to go into operation because you cannot afford, and it's not economical to buy the tomato harvester. And however, the technology that was utilized for those that were able to remain in farming, and that are still remaining farming was the increases in production were significantly and very impressive through time. As you can see here, for example in the case of sugarcane, but this could be illustrated for any crop is that the yields were significantly increased, but highly variable through time, but this increases as a response of the input of technology, although the returns, the technical fixes led to this growth in yields. From the 1960s on, this growth has diminished to about 1.2% a year. So there's a tendency to leveling off. Now, plant pathologists here in this audience. I'm sorry, this is the other way around, but maybe we could change it. I'm sorry. In order to achieve these yields, and this case of sugarcane, there has been some kind of a race between plant protectionist and the particular pest, in this case plant pathologists and pathogens. And you can see that the constant replacement, and deployment of germplasm that needs to be done many times due to pathogens that have broken the resistance, but many times due to some economic factors. So there has been actually, although the yields have been high, the maintenance cost of yields through breeding programs has been very, very high. The other concern that is coming back today is a concern about energy. Actually, the yield increases have gone hand in hand with even faster increases in the use of fossil fuel-based agricultural inputs and resources. Extra fuel-based inputs have been utilized constantly in agriculture, and this is data from Pimentel. Some of you are familiar with his work that shows that actually the ratio between output and input, the amount of energy that is utilized to produce a particular unit of food, increases considerably as intensity of management increases, decreases considerably as intensity of management increases. And when you add the cost of transportation, processing, packaging, and distribution, and these are considered as part of the agricultural systems. This system is even more inefficient, and more dependent on fuel. And today there are predictions that sometime in 1990s, I don't know if you saw the last issue of Science that predicted that there was gonna be another energy crisis in the United States. And therefore this dependence of agriculture on fossil fields, will it have to be requestioned again? There's also environmental cost associated with agricultural production, and I'm not gonna go very deep into them, but soil erosion is a major concern, and I know here in Iowa is a concern. It is estimated that about four to seven million hectares of arable land are lost in the world today due to erosion. And therefore this is the resource base that sustains agricultural production and needs to be conserved. Pesticide issues, especially the poisoning of the environment that sometimes some of the chlorinated hydrocarbons that were used in the past that are linked into the food chain. So it's an important concern. But more so today is water pollution with pesticides and fertilizers. And is an issue that is becoming more and more acute in California, and I fear that here in Iowa, it's starting to do some concern about this. So basically then what is being questioned is whether it is possible to maintain this emphasis increased yields at the expense of the environment, and also a very high costs in terms of social and cultural and economic type of events. And I think that there is a need to question this typical paradigm that we have been basing our assumptions on in that the systems that are in the short term and highly productive are the ones that are good, as oppose to the agricultural system that perform in terms yields in the short term poorly are not the right ones. And I think that it is time that we start understanding yields in the long term. That perhaps it's not so important to obtain higher yields, but rather a constancy of production that is low risk, and that is dependable, as opposed to a yields that are highly fluctuating, or they reaches high points in particular years. It is also important to bring into consideration this concept of sustainability which is a concept that deals with a capacity of agricultural systems to recover after particular perturbations or stresses. And whether it's important to have systems that are able to recover after particular environmental socio-economic perturbation or stresses, or whether the systems break down. And today, of course in California we're seeing that many of the systems are breaking down. We have experienced breakdown of agricultural resistance with some infection. We have witnessed some breakdown of systems because of pesticide resistance developed in many pests. There's about 250 arthropods today that have developed resistance. And some people are saying that it was possible to get out of this breakdowns through other technological fixes. And today biotechnology is gaining major attention. And some people are saying in California, and are proposing that in order to deal with the problem of infection that affects about 50% of the Central Valley, it is possible to actually develop plants that are resistant to saline soils. Or it is possible to eliminate a problem that pesticides usualLy incorporate in by eliminating natural enemies and then causes secondary outbreaks by developing prior to some pesticides that are able to withstand pesticides, or that are resistant to pesticides. Of course, to me, that is to try to maintain the system with another technological fix so that in the wait for another breakdown that the natural processes will surely evolve. And instead of going into questioning why do we have salinity problems, or why do we have pesticide resistance problems and so on. In order to do that, then you're not looking at all of the symptoms, but you're looking at the causes, and then you need to start questioning the various socioeconomic structure that underlies agricultural systems. So sustainability, basically the question of sustainability is beyond just dealing with problems instead of you dealing with a particular problem with the pesticide. Maybe now you're gonna deal with biological control. It goes beyond that. It's basically questioning the very nature of the processes, and the scientific paradigms that led us to the problems that we're facing today. And the last, I think important index that needs to be incorporated is the abundance of equity, or equitability to see how evenly and distributed the income, or the process of the produce, that process of production among the population, whether they follow this curve that is rather even, or this type of curve where the major proportion is in the hands of a few, as opposed in the hands of all the participants in the production process. What I wanted to do now is to say that when this approach of high yield in agriculture highly dependent on energy, and resources and inputs is transferred, and reflectively to developing countries where you have this kind of social situations of extreme inequity, where a few people have extreme wealth, and there's a majority of them with extreme poverty, and in agriculture, this is the case. You go to Latin America, 80% of the farmers control 20% of the land. 20% of the large farmers control 80% of the land. When you bring a technology that only those that have capital and also credit can have access to that technology, you cause even greater differentiation among the peasantry and the richer farms. What happens is that today much of the debt that Latin American has can be explained because of this transfer of this technological approach, in which most of the land goes into the production of cash crops that are exported to industrial countries at the expense of the food self sufficiency. For example, in Mexico today, a lot of corn land is under sorghum for cattle production for export. In Chile, Chile today imports wheat. About 55% of its wheat because there would be a major expansion of fruit production for export. From 60,000 hectares in 1970 to about 300,000 hectares today. These, of course, then leads to a problem of, at the expense of food self-sufficiency, cash crops are emphasized, but this production of cash crops is highly dependent on imports of pesticides, fertilizers, and seeds that are usually very expensive, and then tends to accumulate towards the debt, and the economic crisis that is affecting some of the developing countries. There's been some concern about the loss of genetic diversity. And this is the case in the Philippines where you can see, I'm sorry, in Greece where wheat varieties have declined considerably, especially traditional wheat varieties the diversity of germplasm has decreased as the modern varieties have been adopted. And this is the case in many, many countries where the green revolution took place like in Mexico especially. For example, this is a sample of the amount of genetic material that you could harvest from one particular field in one particular field of a peasant in Mexico where basically they grow corn and beans in polycultures mix. You can see the tremendous amount of genetic diversity that you can find in the systems. This would be an example of the genetic diversity that you would find in a system coming out in the highlands of Peru, and potato, different potato varieties. The farmers have an amazing taxonomy for taxonomy there's varieties. They know exactly how to classify them. And also they know exactly their properties, the culinary properties and so on. And this diversity, as you will know, which is also typical of the rice paddy systems that you find in South East Asia has an adaptive value. Because as you will know, especially a plant pathologist here, there's been a lot of work actually by professor Browning in this, and we hear that there has been some evidence that as you increase the genetic diversity, and resistance in the form of multi-lines, or mixtures of varieties and so on can be a dumping effect in terms of disease epidemics. And research that I've done in California lately is showing that this seems to be the case for some particular specialized insects like cabbage aphid in cauliflower. These systems are very complex. They're, as I said, they're very genetically diverse, but also their species diverse. There are multiple-use systems. And the farmers have an interest in the botanical knowledge of the systems in which they were, for example, lemme see if I can focus this here. No I can't. Where for example they will eliminate most of the weeds with the exception of azola, which is the symbiotic association between a blue-green algae and fern, which fixes about 50 kilograms of nitrogen per hectare per year. And then there's no rationale to eliminate the plan that is going to have an important contribution in the soil fertility and the balance of the system. Ducks are left in the system to perform several functions, controlling the insects and weeds, and also leaving a certain maneuver that is going to be contributing to the fertility of the soil. And also the ducks become fattened, and therefore a good source of protein for the local people. There's a strong, as I said, in the botanical knowledge of the nodule crop plants. They don't have such a concept of wheat. They have a kind of a non-wheat concept. And in this particular case, you can see that the oldest aquatic weeds were harvested from the paddies for human consumption. Although there are others that are harvested for animal consumption, and also for medicinal purposes and so on. So this system more importantly then are very integrated with other systems that are subsystems within the farming systems in which these people operate. And you can see here, the outline alone and paddies are highly dependable on the interactions that they have with livestock system, forest land, and grazing land that might be nearby the farm. And as you can see here, the fertility of the system is highly dependent on outputs from the other subsystems that we find here. So in depending on how the farmers are able to assemble the interactions of the different components, they're going to be able to become more or less independent from the inputs from the outside. And depending on how they manage their rotation and so on, they might be able to have some surpluses for marketing, and therefore not to be totally delinked from the local economy. Now, as developers, sometimes that we don't understand the complexities Of the systems that I have described. For example, we might decide that using a tractor might be a better strategy than using the buffalo, because you are gonna be able to gain a lot of labor time, and be able to better your timing of operations. And therefore, if you actually use a tractor, you don't need this wallows which are important for the buffalo. The buffalo actually takes a bath here. So you eliminate the wallow. And if you do that, basically what happens is that a wallow has surprisingly other roles in the agricultural system. The fish that they grow in the rice paddies needed the wallows in the summer as a source of refuge in order to help repopulate later on in the rainy season that the rice starts. And now the people, if they don't have fish, they have to fight to provide their own protein from somewhere else. The rice also we're controlling mosquito larvae that could be responsible for the spread of malaria. And in order now to control the mosquito larvae, they have to use pesticides. And if these pesticides are misused, it can lead to problems of pollution in the system, and so on. Same thing some of the surrounding thickets around these wallows, one important habitat for snakes ans lizards that were controlling rats and crabs that can be very important pest of rice again, which then would need the reintroduction of other pesticides leading to some problems if these products are not used in the right manner. So here's just one description of how delicate the balance of the systems is, and how important it is to understand the interactions that are going on before we can make any decisions based on only the increase in yields, which many times is the paradigm, the dominant paradigm and criteria in order to make the systems more productive. Another system that it's important, and that it has been sustainable for centuries is actually a chinampas system that you find in Central Mexico, and also some areas of South Eastern Mexico. The Mayans were faced with a problem of constant flooding. And what they did, they developed these islands of mud. Basically they took the muck from the sediment in the bottom of the lakes, put it on top of some kind of floating branches. And with time, this became permanently attached to the bottom of the lake. They put trees around them in order to conserve the soil. These chinampas, they still exist today near Mexico City. And the major problem they're having is not a problem of a technical nature, but rather a problem the 18 million people that live in Mexico city is extracting the water, and sending back a lot of polluted water. We asked the farmers, the local farmers in the chinampas in this area if there was any kind of technical question, or technical matter that they needed to be resolved in terms of soil, pest and so on, the major concern was actually the regaining of the water. And they didn't have basically any major problems through the year. The chinampas actually, as you can see here, it can be very rich in organic matter, up to about 8% in many systems. There's a tremendous combination of crops that are grown here in polyculture of parents, in different arrangements, in many cases, many of the plants that we consider weeds like amaranthus and caryophyllalum and portulaca are allowed to grow here because they are important sources of food for salad. These complex polycultures are harvested at different times and providing yields throughout the season. I don't have control over the focusing but... And then sometimes the excess nutrients that are leached into a water system in which fish grow, they causes eutrophication, a lot of algae growth, and before there's a problem of suffocation of oxygen in the system, the farmers actually harvest the biomass, put it back into the system about several tons of material that are put back into the system, conserving the soil, providing mulch and weed control, and conserving moisture in the air in the dry season. So this is another example of what I would consider some principles that have been governing the functioning of traditional systems in this particular case, the chinampas of Mexico. Now a prevalent component of the traditional systems that you'll find in Latin America, and I'm sure in many other developing countries are the polycultures. That is a combination of crops in time and space. And there's a statistic that show about 80% of the corn, and 60% of the beans are grown intercropped in the Latin America. They compliment each other in amino acids. So it's an important nutritional combination. The systems are usually well tied to some of the main major farm determinants. There they are design after for example rainfall patterns in this particular case in the Philippines where you can see that the cropping system designs, the different possibilities of cropping system designs are at a very much linked to the rainfall patterns. So they are locally, they're designed based on local resources. The systems are also important in terms of labor distribution. As you can see here, the comparison between a monoculture, and amaze among association that it is important that although they have more peaks, these peaks are lower than the monoculture peaks. And many times with farmers, when farmers have off-farm work, and many of them do in plantations for example when they have to harvest coffee and so on, to have this lower peaks, lower demands of labor is an important consideration. These systems are also very productive. And actually most of the work that has been done in polyculture yields has been at the international centers. When I was in CIAT, we did a lot of work with corn and beans, and we found that the systems overyield at the monocultures. And this is actually measured through the land to yards ratio. With your value of 1.5 means that you need 1.5 hectares of monoculture to produce the amount, the same amount of crops that you would produce in one hectare of polyculture. And there's been these types of layers and yards has been calculated for several types of cropping systems. They will vary with the different species that can be combined, whether you're combining the same row, and parallel rows, or if you plant them in different times of the year in relation to each other, and so on and so on. But in most of the cases the LDRs always have been higher in the polycultures, meaning that they overyield. The systems are also very important insurance kind of policies in that they minimize risk. For example, in this case, in the highlands of Tlaxcala, we can see that there is a corn farming association. The farmers knowing that area that once in a while, a frost comes unexpectedly, kills the corn, but the fall is sustain the frost. Whereas many farmers that follow their recommendations of CIMMYT, one of the international centers in Mexico to adopt high yielding varieties of corn in monocultural parents lost everything, and did not have the fava beans to rely on. There are some unique ways in which farmers maintain soil fertility without inputs in the systems. And this is a fava bean-corn system where the fava beans are planted much earlier than corn. They fixed nitrogen, the corn is planted later, they harvest the fava beans, but then they leave the residues on top. And this corn which has been affected a lot by shading recovers tremendously, and the organic matter that is left, the residues that are left to decompose, and start incorporating organic matter into the soil with, there's actually some researchers in Mexico that have quantified this, and they have come out with some positive results. One of the aspects that I'm gonna be discussing tomorrow is the whole issue about what are the implications of complex associations of crops in relation to insect dynamics. And usually we have been trained to look at monocultures. We're having trained as monoculture entomologists in that is we have one crop, perhaps one or two, two or three pests. And we deal mainly with one or two parasites, if the pesticide situation allows it. But we have no notions of the complexities and interactions that would happen we have within the field or around the fields, complex associations of crops that could be affecting in many other ways all these insect communities that we find in our fields. But this is gonna be a subject that are gonna treat in more detail tomorrow. However, just to give a few examples. We have done some quantification in traditional system in Mexico, where, for example corn and alfalfa are grown in rotation. Here, you can see the alfalfa is harvested. Next year, they will plant the corn here and the alfalfa there. But if you sample, for example natural enemy populations like coccinellis that are important predators of aphids that attack the corn. And you look at the populations here in the rows immediately adjacent to alfalfa, and away from the alfalfa, you'll find some interesting trends. This is the number of coccinellis through all the season in the border in the corns, the three rows that are close to the alfalfa. And this is the population of the coccinelli towards the center of the field as you get away from the alfalfa. So there's possibilities here of managing alfalfa in order to, for example, it could be cut at particular times to force movement of predators into the corn when it's necessary and so on. These things have been inadvertently developed by our farmers. They actually don't tell you, you don't go and ask them, \"Why are you growing alfalfa?\" They say, \"Well, the coccinellis moving to the fields.\" There's not that kind of rationale, but the results are there. The same thing with the corn beans squash polycultures that we have quantify in some of the systems in tropical Mexico. You can see, for example, that this three population was significantly higher in the monoculture as opposed to the polyculture. And one of the main reasons was because in the polycultures, the audience, which is the minor parent bug colonize the polyculture much area than the monoculture in entire number. So there's a direct correlation between the abundance of the natural enemy and the decrease of a particular pest on the corn polyculture system, and monoculture system. Now, another thing I've been mentioning the non-weed concept, and there's farmers that actually, as I have shown throughout the slide show leave certain weeds in the field. They eliminate everything else, and they leave particular plants. In this case, there's a tomato plant in here, and this asclepiadaceae is left in the field by Mexican farmers because it actually is a good source to make chicle, or bubble gum. So it's another extra source of income that they utilize for their benefit. In other cases you go into Puebla, and you find these loopings that are growing around the corn fields, and everything else has been eliminated. And then you kind of ask yourself what's going on here. And what we did, here there was more of an ecological rationale. The farmers said that they attracted the bugs away from the corn. It turns out that there is a macrodactylus, a scarab beetle that is attracted to the flowers of this pest, and live along the corn. Where you don't have these plants, the corn suffers tremendous losses. And we did quantifications of this. And basically what the farmers do is once they got around these plants, they cut the plant, and then they killed them. They take the plant and put it inside a truck. I mean, a can full of truck oil. Is a very labor-intensive thing, but when I'm trying to explain here are the principles behind what's going on, which could be used in many ways in monoagricultural systems. I have done actually research on seeing what the effects would be of having this kind of weed diversity. One other thing is in Columbia, for example, many farmers left strips of this particular weed, which are two grasses, leptobraut informis, and eleusine indica inside their bean fields because they uses are foreign. And it turns out that this plant, if you grow it as borders in a less dangerous way, because if you have it as strips they can kinda colonize and compete more with the beans, compared to monocultures without borders, we found that the main bean pest which is empoasca colonizer is a leafhopper that inserts the toxic inside the beans. We found that populations in these beans without borders were extremely high, as oppose the populations of leafhoppers in the beans with weeds as borders around them. So here again, there's just a scientific experiment that was designed to basically say yes, what the traditional farmers had been doing for centuries is correct. I'm not inventing the wheel at all. Now these polycultures become more complex as perennial components. Get into the picture. And actually many of these perennial components are low management crops. They provide certain sources of mulching, and other resources. So the system becomes more of a multiple use because they brought fruits, fodder, fuel, construction materials, and so on. And this system with time can become very complex. You can see here that the systems is another case of the banana with a particular cover crop, and here you have in Southeast Asia, in Java broccoli growing under a canopy of bananas, and citrus and coffee. And here a very complex agroforestry system where you have trees of all kinds. And they're very diversified system, not only time and space, but also in altitudinal speaking. So here we can see them, but the system become multiple use systems where forest and trees, fruit trees, and forest trees, and crops are combined together. In some of the systems animals are also included. These systems are very important in closing, not in cycling, because for example, in monocultures, especially the annual crops, there's a lot of nutrients that are leached, whereas when you combine it with trees, many of these leached nutrients could be taken up by the deeper roots of the trees, and therefore tap back into the system close in many of the cycle of many nutrients. And I think that there's a lot of potential for this kind of systems to be developed, in countries like here. And at this point then, in the agroforestry systems, not only the diversity above the ground becomes important, but also the diversity of below ground, and the rooting patterns of the different plants that are going to be combined it's gonna become a very important element in the design of the systems. So in a sense then, what farmers are doing in many areas of the topic of lowlands is imitating the natural succession. Basically starting with an association of annual crops. These annual crops become enriched with perennial components, and later on, they become kind of a climax forest type of useful plants. And in many areas of the tropics, you will find the famous home gardens, or the pecan engans of the guarto familiares that very common throughout many of the countries that are very complex. And you find that sometimes 360 species of crops, multiple use systems, important sources of germplasm conservation with very complex arrangements, not only in a profile manner, but also the canopy level. And here the management of the canopies through pruning is an important aspect in maintaining for a period of the systems. Pretty much the farmers know this gap theory that foresters are, especially tropical foresters are familiar with that sometimes any event causes a tree to fall down because of a lighting or something. Falls down, opens a gap, and that's fine for colonization of new species. And that's the way that the forest regenerates. Well these farmers basically many times to do prunings, major prunings here in order to allow in sunlight to come in when they plant annual crops, or other shrubs that need more light. We have done some work in this agroforestry systems from an entomological perspective, and also in soils particular perspective. And I'm gonna explain some of these work tomorrow. But in many areas they don't clear cut totally. This is in Puebla. They don't clear cut totally. They use certain trees that are going to be utilized for different purposes. Some of them for food purposes, some of them for fuel, and so on. And we were interested in knowing what happens away from particular trees, what happens with nutrient levels, and what happens also with the infestation levels of particular pests on corn. So we did some experiments, and we found for example that depending on the tree species. This is capulin, which is a prunus, is a deciduous tree. And this is sabino which is kind of a cypress. And you can see that nitrogen levels decrease as you got away from the trees. And whereas there was no change in the nutrient levels to speak of as you got away from the sabino trees. Same thing with phosphorus levels. There seems to be a tremendous decline in gradient as you got away from the trees as oppose to sabino that again, did not have, exhibit this gradient. So basically then what we were finding is that these trees were affecting the soil fertility levels, the shading, delay the growth of the corn, but the yields of this corn were higher than the yield of this corn, but much later in the season. So basically what farmers do is they harvest all the corn, which they barter or sell. And this corn then is harvested later for storage and for after consumption. So basically then in order to develop technologies that are appropriate to the circumstances, socio economic, and ecological circumstances of small farmers, it is important to take into consideration the traditional knowledge. But at the same time take the elements of modern agricultural science and technology that somehow promote a marriage between them to develop a product in knowledge that are tailored to the needs of the farmers, and of the farmers based on local resources. And I think it is important to get away from this top-down approach where scientists define the problems and opportunities that kind of recommend what needs to be done in farmer's fields. And rather start with more of an exchange where scientists learn about farm, families, resources and priorities. They define jointly the problems, and opportunities with farmers, and come up with particular recommendations for the farmers. And I think that this model that was developed for developing countries, it can be very appropriate for circumstances in Iowa and anywhere in the world. Lemme just give you one quick explanation here about one approach that we have developed in Chile where we have developed basically a farming system that is what we consider sustainable farming system because it ensures full self-sufficiency, and it does not depend on inputs from the outside. It does not require fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, but it's based mostly on the labor of a family of five. This system was developed as a model farm by some colleagues of mine and myself. with funding from the Inter-America Foundation. And basically it's divided into what we call the home garden system that has animals, bees, rabbits, chickens, some raised beds for vegetable production, and what we call the rotational system. This notational system is divided in six plots as you can see here. And a more detailed example is shown here where you can see that here we have the home garden situation with raised beds, bees, compost piles and so on. And the rotational system surrounded by perennial trees that are going to be providing other sources of fuel, construction material, and so on later on in the system. This rotation is based on a three, on a third, second, and first year pasture without functioning. And the system starts rotating this way. So in a way, each plot is preparing the land for the next plot to come next year. And you can grow whatever design you want, in multiple cropping system, and strict cropping systems, minimal tillage patterns, whatever you want your crop associations in each plot. And the design was based on the fact that these three plots were going to be constantly enriching the soil with nitrogen. At the same time the rotation was going to be breaking the life cycles of many pests. As we know that patients break the life cycles of insects and pathogens and weeds. And therefore we expected that there was going to not be kind of an increase of particular pest populations in the systems. In the raised beds, we have developed important associations in time and space of vegetables. As you can see here, a very intensive use of the land with highly composted raised beds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120283#t=0.0,2677.032"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_b.mp3"]},"duration":1686.984,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/120/284/small/lecture.png?1627046044","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/120/284/original/AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_b.mp3?1627046044","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1686.984,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Basically, has worked in many ways","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=7.0,8.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there must be an understanding of this plots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=8.88,11.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of the urgencies of the time in Chile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=11.363,14.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where design without research that were just basic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=14.37,18.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we sat down one day and we designed the whole farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=18.03,20.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by just utilizing our common sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=20.17,22.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what a lot of people have been doing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=22.04,23.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kind of crops they utilize,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=23.33,24.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what kind of practices they use.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=24.76,26.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also what kind of knowledge have we gained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=26.29,28.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"throughout training that could be used to put to practice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=28.93,32.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that the system is put in practice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=32.28,35.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's students from the local universities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=35.61,37.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are doing thesis here, and one system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=37.94,40.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one student that did the thesis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=40.48,42.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this particular raise bed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=42.3,44.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually quantified 80 kilograms of fresh biomass","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=44.21,48.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produced per month per raise bed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=48.13,50.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is a tremendous amount of production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=50.89,52.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that makes a lot of difference in the life of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=52.78,54.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that do not have many means to produce crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=54.703,58.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the rotational systems that you can see here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=59.86,62.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have different combinations of crops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=62.06,65.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of the residues of particular plot, serve as input","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=65.16,70.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a multi-system for example, in this particular plot here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=70.08,73.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here this (indistinct)there next year, between the plus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=73.45,78.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're also putting some burner components like vineyards,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=78.08,80.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or also some of the berries and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=80.81,83.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are gonna be providing additional sources of food,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=83.84,87.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ducks and the chicken and there's a cow and a horse","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=89.73,92.888"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the rabbits provide importance protein,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=92.888,96.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also they provide manure that is combined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=96.34,100.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the residues of crops and other refuse as a compost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=100.48,104.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pile, which is then utilized to sustain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=104.03,106.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the productivity of the raise beds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=106.24,108.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are other technology that we're utilizing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=109.61,111.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, different kinds of conservation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=111.55,114.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or drying type of dryers, solar dryers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=114.74,118.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would not require much input so that the people can say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=118.13,120.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much of the things that they produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=120.73,121.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the summer for the winter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=121.86,123.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have some interesting kind of mobile chicken houses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=124.71,129.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is going to be having a neck here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=130.25,132.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what you do is you put chicken inside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=132.46,134.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you put it in a weedy patch, the chicken will eat the weed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=134.22,137.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for about a week, they leave a lot of manure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=137.07,138.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you move the next, you know, two meters away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=138.31,140.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you plant the plants here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=140.78,143.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also experimented with some crazy things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=143.36,145.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there's a lot of fun and trying to be creative with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=145.53,148.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"experiments in agriculture, in the more calcite areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=148.48,153.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have developed Polycarp, just combined composed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=154.24,156.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of polycultures of fruits, trees, 40 fruit tree species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=156.6,160.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a particular plot with a ground cover off of legumes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=160.52,164.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and grasses that are serving for erosion control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=164.8,167.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but at the same time, they're serving for food,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=167.08,170.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for fodder, for animals in the more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=170.37,174.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you could change that slide tray, please.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=174.71,177.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(utensils jiggling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=181.103,184.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the more dry areas, where there's not much irrigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=187.44,189.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"available in Chile, you know, every 50 kilometers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=189.98,191.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the country's crossed by a river.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=191.943,193.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So water is not a major limitation in many areas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=193.54,196.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in some areas where there's no access to irrigation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=196.1,199.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the natural Lateral of the area or Chaparral,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=199.54,203.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we eliminate some of the acacia that naturally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=203.403,206.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"occurred there, We don't touch that the grass cover.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=206.7,209.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we incorporate some of the crops that would be able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=209.84,212.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to survive in these environments, like opuntia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=212.55,214.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which provides very important food that is consumed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=214.96,217.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"heavily in Chile and also there is no fernery","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=217.81,219.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are the leaves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=219.507,221.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then, olives and other trees that are adapted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=221.557,226.557"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like almonds that are adapted to low water conditions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=227.35,230.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How the farmers reach this information is by coming here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=231.64,235.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and meeting, there's a Kampuchea that comes from the south","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=235.367,237.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Chile, they lived in the farm for about two weeks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=237.95,240.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They learn all the techniques and then at the beginning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=240.97,243.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we thought that we would give them a package of seats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=243.45,246.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to set up exactly the farm system that we designed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=246.01,249.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we were expecting to see all kinds of these little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=249.73,251.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"models all over the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=251.77,253.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's about 2,500 farmers that have come to the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=253.48,256.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"training here, but to our surprise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=256.5,259.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the farmers did not adopt the systems, the way we thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=259.23,261.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were, they did not copy them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=261.96,263.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but basically they went back and they did something totally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=263.77,265.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different, what happened was that this thing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=265.93,267.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"became a pedagogical tool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=267.55,269.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They just got ideas, they got a good criteria.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=269.93,272.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They went back and they did something that was within","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=272.2,275.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the reach within their cultures, within the tradition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=275.69,279.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's basically like, you know, they arrive and they go,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=279.013,282.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh you know, this has ever happened to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=282.07,285.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you're right the place, and you go,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=285.493,287.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why didn't I think of this?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=287.383,289.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, well, that's important as what many times happens.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=289.01,292.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we're finding that women are becoming very much involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=292.083,297.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this process, at the beginning, it was very tailored","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=297.62,299.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to men and it turns out the men have to do off-farm work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=299.54,303.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many times and many and there's a lot of alcoholism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=303.11,305.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many rural communities and they are usually drunk","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=305.75,307.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the house and women have taken in a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=307.85,310.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of initiative in this, and in a different case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=310.34,314.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the women here adopted the raised beds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=314.05,316.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they did not compost because traditionally they harvest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=316.81,319.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the leader from a nearby Acacia forest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=319.88,322.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is very regional, getting mad at them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=322.35,323.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=323.87,324.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was no need for this particular composting for them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=324.931,326.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then their conditions, so we said more power to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=326.72,329.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these other women here develop their own polyculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=330.87,333.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of fruit trees, she had about 25 different fruit trees,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=333.62,336.647"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she did not plant the cover crop,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=336.647,338.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but she left untouched the fodder or the natural vegetation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=338.37,342.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that she uses for her animals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=342.36,345.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So basically then what we're finding is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=347.76,350.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you divide the Brodsky, the green revolution thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=350.04,353.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"knowledge and technical logical technology, this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=353.809,356.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or let's say a low input technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=356.27,357.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and high input technology, when the farmers have marginal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=357.8,361.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"conditions that he's not only marginal conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=361.05,363.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in terms of soil and climate, but also in terms of access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=363.38,366.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to credit, that technical assistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=366.04,367.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the farmers are much better off usually by adopting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=369.03,371.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"low input technology because they can rely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=371.47,373.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can only rely with their own resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=373.74,376.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but when you provide them with credit and technical systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=376.62,379.939"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and capital, then you should adopt high inputs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=379.939,382.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these last only appeal that the subsidies are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=382.9,386.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if this inputs are used in the underprop manner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=386.34,391.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then he listened to some of the problems that I started","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=391.81,394.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"talking about in the beginning of the top,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=394.01,395.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pesticide resistance, pesticide pollution and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=395.89,398.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then the systems break down the long term.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=398.32,400.957"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think what needs to be done, is to try to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=402.8,406.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the agricultural systems in a very broad perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=407.36,410.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only from a type of a biological perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=410.902,412.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at an audit perspective, but also trying to understand them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=412.207,415.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as systems that are, that have co-evolved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=415.07,417.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with social systems but it's important to understand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=417.83,421.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"them that not only at the crop level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=421.423,425.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or at the crop system level, but also the agricultural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=425.31,427.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ecosystem or the farm system or the community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=427.65,429.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then go to regional level, so the analysis has to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=429.78,434.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much more expanded, we need to even if we're","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=434.13,436.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bacteriologists, what is the photosynthesis of this leaf","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=436.35,438.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here, we need to be aware that this particular study fits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=438.7,442.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the framework of a much broader social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=442.77,445.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and ecological system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=445.51,447.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so these means to kind of defy the paradigm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=447.017,452.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of reductionism that sometimes we're trained with,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=452.555,456.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't mean that you have to become a generalist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=456.01,457.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that there's no importance to becoming a specialist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=457.689,460.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but as long as you recognize the complexity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=460.24,462.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that, some people don't realize that it is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=464.45,469.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be, it's going to take more than just replacing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=469.62,472.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fertilizer for legumes and rotations to reach sustainable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=472.69,477.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture, sustainable agriculture is going to require","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=477.719,479.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my opinion, major changes in the structure of agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=479.77,484.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from land reform, all the way to redesign the machineries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=484.68,488.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the way to redefining the profit motivations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=488.74,492.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of agriculture and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=492.44,494.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So although working in organic farming systems is going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=494.13,498.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be important and also understanding, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=498.36,502.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the importance of the interfaces between natural ecosystems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=502.19,506.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and agriculture ecosystems is going to be important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=506.047,509.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it can define, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=511.01,512.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the dynamics of insect populations within a particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=512.78,514.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"system, and we're going to get into this tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=514.82,517.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the same complex rotations and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=517.83,522.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's going to become something that is going to require a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=522.683,527.319"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very strong transformation of agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=527.319,529.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The way we see it today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=529.76,531.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this of course cannot be maintained","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=531.64,535.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the paradigm of increasing yields","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=535.16,538.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through the thing that a logical fix.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=538.94,541.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If I could have the lights, please,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=541.18,542.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(utensils rattling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=545.199,548.199"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of concern about that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=556.22,557.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we adopt the systems and I'm not advocating here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=557.7,560.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we, we have Chinaman seen in Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=560.68,563.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm advocating that perhaps we design systems based","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=563.85,564.732"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the principles of sustainability that have described that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=564.732,569.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"perhaps the yields are not going to be maintained at the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=569.33,572.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"level that we are concerned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=572.16,575.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And actually many of the studies that have been done on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=575.1,577.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organic farming systems, especially transition studies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=577.38,580.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you stop spraying or stop using chemicals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=580.21,583.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then you adopt on organic farming system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=583.57,585.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's some good studies that were done in Pennsylvania,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=585.51,587.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but rode ale and also by the Pennsylvania state university,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=587.42,590.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have shown actually that although the yields decreased,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=590.75,595.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the costs also decreased, that leaves the profits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=595.5,599.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and change and sometimes increased.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=599.5,601.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But then about four or five years later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=601.3,603.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the picture kind of turns around and the farmers are able to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=603.56,606.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maintain the yields that were maintained before and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=606.56,609.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes even higher, It all depends on the circumstance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=609.34,611.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the cropping systems that are, that I manage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=611.85,614.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also some of the conditions of the local","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=614.32,617.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and international markets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=617.31,618.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that today, you know, there was a study here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=619.59,623.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I understand it's called the Iowa farm and rural life poll","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=623.2,625.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was done in 1883 and 1984 shows that farmers are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=625.85,629.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognizing pesticides and fertilizers are major,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=629.89,633.548"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least 34% of the farmers assisting the report","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=633.548,637.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognize water pollution as a very linked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=637.67,641.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the use of pesticides and fertilizers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=641.32,643.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"75% are talking about diversifying agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=643.28,645.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of getting away from reliance, total reliance with corn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=645.95,649.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or soybean or the major grain crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=649.05,650.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and 47% of them kind of supported research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=652.17,655.262"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and organic farming.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=655.262,656.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I feel that the farmers in this area and as any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=657.29,660.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California, for sure, no longer endorse in a blanket manner,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=660.92,665.502"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=665.502,667.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they're kind of questioning, this size neutrality of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=667.16,671.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"technology that we've been advocating in many of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=671.67,674.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"language universities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=674.41,675.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that there's going to be major challenges.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=675.77,677.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of these challenges I think are being seen today in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=677.78,680.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California as the public for example is challenging the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=680.14,683.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"university agendas research agendas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=683.81,685.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That I dunno if you're familiar with the tomato harvest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=685.133,687.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"suits that the university lost and today the university will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=687.62,690.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to set up by, by the judge order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=690.59,694.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a system of accountability to see the longterm social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=694.35,698.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"impacts of research because the mechanization suit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=698.52,701.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, the, the tomato harvest suit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=701.49,703.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"displaced a lot of families.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=703.25,705.466"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, there's a bill that was approved in California","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=705.466,708.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of $200,000 for research in sustainable agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=708.22,711.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that, that there's going to be the need to start","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=712.78,717.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"looking at these questions more seriously.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=717.09,719.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think that by looking at this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=719.72,722.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are going to be blindly being controlled or affected by a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=722.09,727.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particular political view, I know thing is many people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=727.22,730.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"think that many times because we kind of blindly look at,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=730.41,734.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take a core cold, hard look at the agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=737.942,741.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We are kind of embracing socialism ideology or something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=741.1,743.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like that, I think that it goes beyond that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=743.713,746.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that is important to recognize that although there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=746.71,748.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are challenges for research, there's also signals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=748.627,752.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very clear signals that there's a very crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=752.23,754.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of sustainability that needs to be dealt with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=754.3,757.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=757.08,757.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=758.922,761.172"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Dr Ultiere has agreed to respond to the questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=767.864,771.762"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'd first like to remind you again","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=771.762,773.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the seminar tomorrow before 10 (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=773.03,777.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is there any question?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=790.87,792.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think listening to your talk that a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=796.19,799.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the features of sustainable systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=799.26,801.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you described are very attractive and appealing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=801.37,804.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a large number of people here in the Midwest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=804.64,808.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem I think that we have in the past is that we've","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=808.36,811.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"never been able to find a viable, a transition strategy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=811.82,816.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the kinds of highly capitalized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=816.62,818.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agricultural technologies that were all heavily dependent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=818.84,822.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upon to really sustainable system. (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=822.16,827.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scratch here, It's been the transition it's been difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=827.744,831.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Do you have any comments as to what ways to get away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=831.7,834.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from this one screen? (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=834.35,838.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, all I can mention is examples from farmers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=840.0,844.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"examples that I have observed for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=844.54,846.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some farmers have been in, in their transition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=846.36,850.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have been doing an incrementally, that is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=850.1,853.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they devote 25% of the farm and then 50% of the farm and a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=853.5,858.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundred percent of the farm with a years, so it's not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=858.0,861.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a radical transition immediately, they don't totally stop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=861.02,864.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using pesticides, but basically they do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=864.09,867.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an incremental transition, so that has worked for some,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=867.3,870.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other farmers during the transition period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=870.89,873.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have devoted half of their land to particular specialty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=873.82,878.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"crops, heating particular market windows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=878.21,882.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then especially in California, where people, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=882.07,884.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are into natural foods or so, baby lettuce, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=884.02,888.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of farmers that are making a lot of money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=888.21,890.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because a lot of people that will pay a lot of bucks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=890.83,892.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for baby lettuce, so they basically kind of capitalize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=892.79,896.296"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this market opportunities, this economic windows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=896.296,899.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are opening up and make the transition that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=899.68,902.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I don't know, in a state like Iowa, whether that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=902.57,906.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there would be an economic window or that nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=906.94,909.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but perhaps there is not perhaps for baby lettuce for some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=909.18,912.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of specialty beans or something like that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=912.16,915.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that farmers could start devoting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=915.08,918.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Other farmers have have gone into perennial crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=918.09,922.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like orchards in which they have while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=922.16,925.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're growing their orchards, they diversified production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=925.26,927.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they grow all kinds of beans and corn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=927.23,929.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all kinds of crops underneath until they kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=929.14,931.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of disclose and therefore they are able to afford","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=931.63,934.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some inputs, some income while they're studying the orchard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=934.97,939.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the same time, this diversification","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=939.2,940.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to be helping the health of the orchards","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=940.78,943.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by providing more diversity, I have it that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=943.53,945.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for biological control, I'm going to show some work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=945.57,948.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on that tomorrow, so I think that that depends,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=948.11,951.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, on the regions, depends on the farmer strategies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=951.19,953.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depends on the economic windows that are available.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=953.3,956.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=961.08,961.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Except for the work you did at Pennsylvania, most of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=961.913,964.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pictures you showed us tonight from tropical regions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=966.25,969.136"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we don't have a frost or a freezing winter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=969.136,971.586"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could see that, those of us who live in the cold regions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=972.74,976.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to have to use different techniques","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=976.75,979.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for transition, maybe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=980.711,983.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, definitely, I don't think that it's gonna","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=985.33,986.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be possible to have the year round agroforestry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=986.163,990.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or pollical system that I showed that that are viable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=990.18,992.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the, in the, in the tropics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=992.153,994.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are some strategies that are being developed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=994.61,997.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some by some groups, actually they are not university","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=997.33,1000.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"groups, but they are done by people that have PhD.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1000.12,1002.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they are reputable people, like the land Institute,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1002.24,1005.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"West Jackson has a team of four PhD people working","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1005.3,1008.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on perennial polycultures based on the natural Paris","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1008.55,1011.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you know, that growing up in Kansas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1011.54,1014.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore that provide a model for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1014.63,1016.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for developing the perennial follicles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1016.8,1018.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The work that's been done at Rochdale actually was headed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1018.71,1020.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by important PhD, agronomist Charles Francis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1020.95,1024.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Car wood believe that have developed very complex","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1024.673,1029.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rotations that are suitable for North Northern climates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1029.51,1033.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how applicable are here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1033.2,1035.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they have very cold seasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1035.15,1037.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something went off here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1037.41,1038.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so, I think that there are some efforts going on that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1039.76,1043.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that take different forms, you know, that the rotations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1044.153,1046.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are different, that the complex associations are different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1046.71,1049.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the principles behind them are the same.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1049.86,1052.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is diversification of collection in time of space,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1052.45,1055.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recycling of the, of the resources of the farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1055.5,1058.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1058.8,1060.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Just an idea, maybe this time Linda set aside,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1064.52,1068.869"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compromising farmers more. (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1068.869,1073.869"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I think that that's an important opportunity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1095.39,1098.221"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for example, or wherever and here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1098.221,1102.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to be misinterpreted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1102.41,1104.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will try to be as diplomatic as I can, but in California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1104.0,1109.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were given an award that $300,000 by the legislature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1109.437,1114.437"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of public pressure for sustainable agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1114.83,1118.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"research, that money went to Davis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1118.65,1120.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is the main Land Grand university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1120.41,1122.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They set up their committee that would select the grants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1122.33,1126.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people that compose that committee, in my opinion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1126.61,1128.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were not people that had done work in sustainable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1128.74,1130.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"agriculture or alternative agriculture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1130.6,1133.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And none of the people like myself or policeman","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1133.0,1135.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or many others that are in the California system today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1135.44,1137.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were included in this committee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1137.67,1140.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, our proposals were rejected and the proposals that were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1140.23,1144.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"funded for sustainable agriculture research were basically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1144.97,1148.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things that have had been done traditionally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1148.54,1150.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that could have been funded by other programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1150.78,1153.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying that that research was not important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1153.69,1155.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm just saying that there are other avenues to have funded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1155.69,1158.709"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it and, and Eddy continued to be funded the way that that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1158.709,1161.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"traditionally have been done, so what I'm saying is that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1161.73,1164.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long as you know, the maintenance of the preeminence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1168.21,1171.258"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the high yielding system of American agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1171.258,1175.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the goal, any FM set alternative system is gonna become","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1175.24,1179.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"overshadowed and I think that there there's the need,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1179.22,1183.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, there's no reason why we should be afraid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1183.04,1185.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of giving the opportunity to radically changing research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1185.08,1188.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directions and looking at complexes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1188.28,1190.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I was actually proposing to set up a similar system to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1190.13,1193.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the one that I showed in Chile, in California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1193.03,1195.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have the same age learning climate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1195.28,1196.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was going to do it in larger scale,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1196.92,1198.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different crop systems and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1198.67,1200.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that pretty much was found to be non applicable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1200.5,1205.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and representative of the real world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1205.62,1207.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as their peer reviewer said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1207.33,1210.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that there's a role for this kind of research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1210.4,1215.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go on, It provides opportunities for us to go beyond","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1215.4,1218.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we have been doing traditionally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1218.56,1220.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it perhaps will open up new avenues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1220.25,1222.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe will not work, but it would provide opportunities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1222.16,1224.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for us to expand our research directions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1224.7,1226.538"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and interactions and try to try new formulas,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1226.538,1231.037"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"new research ideas, and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1231.037,1234.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it, somehow the university system is able to absorb","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1234.237,1239.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the new concerns, but not intentionally copped them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1240.96,1245.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you see what happened with integrative Pest Management,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1245.77,1248.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my opinion today, IPM and this in California","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1248.17,1250.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is nothing else, but interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1250.89,1252.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"integrated pesticide management, where basically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1252.36,1255.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the main dominant approaches a resistant varieties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1255.52,1258.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pesticides and the monitoring that goes on is basically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1258.02,1260.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a way to justify and rationalize the use of pesticides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1260.95,1263.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you look at the original proceedings in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1263.95,1266.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1970 in North Carolina, the rat book, where all the people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1266.97,1270.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"got together to kind of plan what IPM was gonna be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1270.95,1274.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pesticides were only gonna be used in emergencies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1274.59,1277.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Any other questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1281.14,1282.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Just a response to the comment about how it was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1284.962,1289.962"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Midwest, go to a lower input system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1290.008,1292.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a more regenerative system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1292.51,1293.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A lot of farmers are doing a three economic reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1293.87,1297.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now they're cutting back on the river state rates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1297.0,1299.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're banning Instead of broadcasting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1299.07,1301.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're finding they can do a little less fertilizer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1301.21,1303.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They find they'd rather pay themselves to cultivate and buy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1303.43,1306.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a chemical in the spring with a loan from their bank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1306.69,1309.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and interest, and that that's all good economic reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1309.63,1314.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are pushing them in that direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1315.146,1316.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but to get to a truly a closed cycle system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1316.98,1320.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the last document system and right now, if everybody","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1320.52,1325.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had livestock, it just wouldn't be viable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1325.48,1328.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's one thing that we're up against here in the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1328.58,1330.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Midwest, is how does the average farmer who's now gotten rid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1330.9,1334.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of livestock system, (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1334.48,1339.264"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is long-term sustainable in those terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1339.264,1341.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, but perhaps for example, not all the farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1342.66,1344.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should get into livestock, but there could be within","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1344.6,1346.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a region farmers that have livestock and instead of their","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1346.94,1349.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"manure becoming liability, somehow develop a mechanism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1349.83,1353.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that manure can be distributed to other farmers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1353.86,1355.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are using crops for maintaining fertility.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1355.87,1358.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the crop residues could be given back to those that have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1358.75,1361.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"livestock and so on, I think arrangements of in nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1361.59,1364.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this nature could be worked out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1364.19,1366.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I don't think it's that, you know, it of it doesn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1366.27,1368.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to be that all farmers adopt integrated systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1368.533,1371.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it could be regionally done where different farmers have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1371.65,1374.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different components of the systems in order to close the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1374.38,1376.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cycles.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1376.33,1377.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e economical use towards a generator course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1378.424,1380.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I'm talking about locally, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1383.084,1385.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a couple of miles, a few miles in California, for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1385.953,1389.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have in the central Valley, very localized at the major,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1389.4,1392.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the major livestock operations and the manure has become a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1392.85,1395.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"liability actually, they don't know what to do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1395.33,1396.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's causing all kinds of environmental problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1396.72,1398.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and geographically they're so distant from the areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1398.87,1401.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where they would be needed to close the cycles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1401.3,1403.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is an economical to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1403.82,1406.099"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think that there has to be some kind of a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1406.099,1408.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"regionalization of production planning of the systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1408.07,1410.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that it is economically geographically speaking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1410.78,1413.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economically speaking to, to close the cycle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1413.76,1416.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Neil (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1421.922,1426.922"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yields can be defined in terms of per unit of labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1471.6,1474.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"renewable energy input per unit of soil loss.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1474.22,1478.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, there are all kinds of ways in which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1478.11,1480.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can evaluate it and many times by focusing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1480.36,1483.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just on the yield per acre, we are not able to account","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1483.02,1486.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the externalities, you know, how do we measure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1486.13,1489.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the economic impact, the economic, how do we equate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1489.07,1492.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the equation of yields, you know, soil loss","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1492.99,1495.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or environmental impacts or, or whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1495.43,1498.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's an important consideration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1498.103,1500.514"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1500.514,1501.347"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I all on one slide, what'd you call it on those trotting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1501.347,1504.845"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"systems with corn and if you have any comments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1504.845,1507.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on specifically I'm using problems that should establish.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1507.445,1512.445"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the corn mung bean is a it's a typical","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1515.52,1519.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inter cropping system, the vetch corn system that I've seen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1519.31,1523.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is basically a living wall system where the vetch","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1523.68,1527.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is basically established and then it's mode.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1527.0,1530.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the corn, they open little strips and they grow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1530.58,1534.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the corn there or alternatively, they put the corn","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1534.11,1537.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and at the first cultivation they go in and they see it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1537.9,1541.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then with then the vetch comes up, the corn is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1541.13,1543.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"harvested, and then the veggie stays there for a cigar crop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1543.76,1547.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or for other uses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1547.3,1548.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that there's a lot of potential for that kind of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1550.09,1552.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"systems and I think that there's a lot of work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1552.0,1554.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been done in Cornell and also in Oregon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1554.04,1555.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on living mulches utilize to not only vetch,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1555.7,1558.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also clovers and many other types of covered crop plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1558.42,1562.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in nano cropping systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1562.12,1563.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I can understand that whatever I can see, (indistinct)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1567.18,1572.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e California has two, (giggles) I don't think that you see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1585.92,1590.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think there's a recipe for this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1590.18,1591.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you have to cut this, everything mechanical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1591.99,1594.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everything chemical, I think that what needs to be done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1594.33,1596.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to develop systems that are appropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1596.96,1598.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the circumstances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1598.51,1600.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So if machinery needs to stay or redesign, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1600.65,1604.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if there are agricultural engineers here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1604.3,1605.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but why isn't it, isn't impossible to develop agricultural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1605.91,1608.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"machinery that can, can, can plant five crops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1608.89,1611.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and harvest five crops at the same time, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1611.06,1612.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've been in the moon, I don't think that that would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1612.7,1614.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such a complex thing, so, you know, it's a matter of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1614.62,1619.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a matter of doing things that are appropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1619.46,1622.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and putting all our technology and knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1622.06,1625.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and skills into the right direction, so I don't think that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1625.757,1629.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's anything radical, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1629.62,1630.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is not like a religion that everything is this way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1630.78,1634.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Basically what we say, the principles have this, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1634.317,1637.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are certification at the genetic level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1637.57,1639.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the species level in time and space.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1639.51,1642.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems to be that the reinvestment that I was talking in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1642.09,1644.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"natural ecosystems is important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1644.37,1646.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The diversity is important because establishes linkages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1646.1,1648.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between organisms and biological control takes place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1648.54,1651.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also nutrient cycling possibilities that take place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1651.03,1654.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there seems to be a lot of organic matter recycling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1654.19,1658.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a major thing, so that can take thousands of forms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1658.05,1661.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"depending on the area you are, the people that are there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1661.53,1664.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the resources that you have and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1664.0,1666.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If there are no other questions, I'd like to remind you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1670.637,1673.377"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the talk tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1673.377,1674.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, thank you very much for your attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1677.593,1680.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(applause)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=1680.087,1682.337"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31446/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/446/original/AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_b.vtt?1627046046","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/446/original/AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_b.vtt?1627046046"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31447","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203670_Ecological_Foundations_for_Sustainable_Agriculture_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284/transcript/31447/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Basically, has worked in many ways and there must be an understanding of this plots because of the urgencies of the time in Chile, where design without research that were just basic, we sat down one day and we designed the whole farm, by just utilizing our common sense, what a lot of people have been doing, what kind of crops they utilize, what kind of practices they use. And also what kind of knowledge have we gained throughout training that could be used to put to practice. Now, that the system is put in practice, there's students from the local universities that are doing thesis here, and one system, the one student that did the thesis in this particular raise bed, actually quantified 80 kilograms of fresh biomass produced per month per raise bed. That is a tremendous amount of production that makes a lot of difference in the life of people that do not have many means to produce crops. In the rotational systems that you can see here, we have different combinations of crops, many of the residues of particular plot, serve as input as a multi-system for example, in this particular plot here, here this there next year, between the plus, we're also putting some burner components like vineyards, or also some of the berries and so on, that are gonna be providing additional sources of food, the ducks and the chicken and there's a cow and a horse and the rabbits provide importance protein, but also they provide manure that is combined with the residues of crops and other refuse as a compost pile, which is then utilized to sustain the productivity of the raise beds. There are other technology that we're utilizing, for example, different kinds of conservation or drying type of dryers, solar dryers, that would not require much input so that the people can say much of the things that they produce in the summer for the winter. And we have some interesting kind of mobile chicken houses. This is going to be having a neck here, and what you do is you put chicken inside, you put it in a weedy patch, the chicken will eat the weed for about a week, they leave a lot of manure and then you move the next, you know, two meters away and then you plant the plants here. We also experimented with some crazy things, I think there's a lot of fun and trying to be creative with experiments in agriculture, in the more calcite areas we have developed Polycarp, just combined composed of polycultures of fruits, trees, 40 fruit tree species in a particular plot with a ground cover off of legumes and grasses that are serving for erosion control, but at the same time, they're serving for food, for fodder, for animals in the more, if you could change that slide tray, please. In the more dry areas, where there's not much irrigation available in Chile, you know, every 50 kilometers, the country's crossed by a river. So water is not a major limitation in many areas, but in some areas where there's no access to irrigation in the natural Lateral of the area or Chaparral, we eliminate some of the acacia that naturally occurred there, We don't touch that the grass cover. And we incorporate some of the crops that would be able to survive in these environments, like opuntia, which provides very important food that is consumed heavily in Chile and also there is no fernery which are the leaves. And then, olives and other trees that are adapted, like almonds that are adapted to low water conditions. How the farmers reach this information is by coming here and meeting, there's a Kampuchea that comes from the south of Chile, they lived in the farm for about two weeks. They learn all the techniques and then at the beginning, we thought that we would give them a package of seats in order to set up exactly the farm system that we designed. And we were expecting to see all kinds of these little models all over the country. There's about 2,500 farmers that have come to the training here, but to our surprise, the farmers did not adopt the systems, the way we thought they were, they did not copy them, but basically they went back and they did something totally different, what happened was that this thing became a pedagogical tool. They just got ideas, they got a good criteria. They went back and they did something that was within the reach within their cultures, within the tradition. So it's basically like, you know, they arrive and they go, Oh you know, this has ever happened to you that you're right the place, and you go, why didn't I think of this? You know, well, that's important as what many times happens. And we're finding that women are becoming very much involved in this process, at the beginning, it was very tailored to men and it turns out the men have to do off-farm work many times and many and there's a lot of alcoholism in many rural communities and they are usually drunk in the house and women have taken in a lot of initiative in this, and in a different case, the women here adopted the raised beds, but they did not compost because traditionally they harvest the leader from a nearby Acacia forest, which is very regional, getting mad at them. They, there was no need for this particular composting for them and then their conditions, so we said more power to, these other women here develop their own polyculture of fruit trees, she had about 25 different fruit trees, but she did not plant the cover crop, but she left untouched the fodder or the natural vegetation that she uses for her animals. So basically then what we're finding is that if you divide the Brodsky, the green revolution thing, knowledge and technical logical technology, this, or let's say a low input technology and high input technology, when the farmers have marginal conditions that he's not only marginal conditions in terms of soil and climate, but also in terms of access to credit, that technical assistance, the farmers are much better off usually by adopting, low input technology because they can rely, they can only rely with their own resources, but when you provide them with credit and technical systems and capital, then you should adopt high inputs. And these last only appeal that the subsidies are there. And if this inputs are used in the underprop manner, then he listened to some of the problems that I started talking about in the beginning of the top, pesticide resistance, pesticide pollution and so on, and then the systems break down the long term. So I think what needs to be done, is to try to understand the agricultural systems in a very broad perspective, not only from a type of a biological perspective, at an audit perspective, but also trying to understand them, as systems that are, that have co-evolved with social systems but it's important to understand them that not only at the crop level or at the crop system level, but also the agricultural ecosystem or the farm system or the community, and then go to regional level, so the analysis has to be much more expanded, we need to even if we're bacteriologists, what is the photosynthesis of this leaf here, we need to be aware that this particular study fits within the framework of a much broader social and ecological system. And so these means to kind of defy the paradigm of reductionism that sometimes we're trained with, it doesn't mean that you have to become a generalist and that there's no importance to becoming a specialist, but as long as you recognize the complexity, I think that, some people don't realize that it is going to be, it's going to take more than just replacing fertilizer for legumes and rotations to reach sustainable agriculture, sustainable agriculture is going to require my opinion, major changes in the structure of agriculture, from land reform, all the way to redesign the machineries all the way to redefining the profit motivations of agriculture and so on. So although working in organic farming systems is going to be important and also understanding, for example, the importance of the interfaces between natural ecosystems and agriculture ecosystems is going to be important because it can define, for example, the dynamics of insect populations within a particular system, and we're going to get into this tomorrow. I think that the same complex rotations and so on, it's going to become something that is going to require a very strong transformation of agriculture. The way we see it today. And this of course cannot be maintained with the paradigm of increasing yields through the thing that a logical fix. If I could have the lights, please, there's a lot of concern about that, If we adopt the systems and I'm not advocating here, that we, we have Chinaman seen in Iowa, but I'm advocating that perhaps we design systems based on the principles of sustainability that have described that perhaps the yields are not going to be maintained at the level that we are concerned. And actually many of the studies that have been done on organic farming systems, especially transition studies, if you stop spraying or stop using chemicals, and then you adopt on organic farming system, there's some good studies that were done in Pennsylvania, but rode ale and also by the Pennsylvania state university, have shown actually that although the yields decreased, the costs also decreased, that leaves the profits and change and sometimes increased. But then about four or five years later, the picture kind of turns around and the farmers are able to maintain the yields that were maintained before and sometimes even higher, It all depends on the circumstance of the cropping systems that are, that I manage. And also some of the conditions of the local and international markets. But I think that today, you know, there was a study here. I understand it's called the Iowa farm and rural life poll that was done in 1883 and 1984 shows that farmers are recognizing pesticides and fertilizers are major, at least 34% of the farmers assisting the report recognize water pollution as a very linked to the use of pesticides and fertilizers, 75% are talking about diversifying agriculture, kind of getting away from reliance, total reliance with corn or soybean or the major grain crops and 47% of them kind of supported research and organic farming. So I feel that the farmers in this area and as any California, for sure, no longer endorse in a blanket manner, more than technologies. And they're kind of questioning, this size neutrality of the technology that we've been advocating in many of the language universities. So I think that there's going to be major challenges. Some of these challenges I think are being seen today in California as the public for example is challenging the university agendas research agendas. That I dunno if you're familiar with the tomato harvest suits that the university lost and today the university will have to set up by, by the judge order, a system of accountability to see the longterm social impacts of research because the mechanization suit, you know, the, the tomato harvest suit displaced a lot of families. Also, there's a bill that was approved in California of $200,000 for research in sustainable agriculture. So I think that, that there's going to be the need to start looking at these questions more seriously. And I don't think that by looking at this, we are going to be blindly being controlled or affected by a particular political view, I know thing is many people think that many times because we kind of blindly look at, take a core cold, hard look at the agriculture. We are kind of embracing socialism ideology or something like that, I think that it goes beyond that. I think that is important to recognize that although there are challenges for research, there's also signals very clear signals that there's a very crisis of sustainability that needs to be dealt with. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Dr Ultiere has agreed to respond to the questions, but I'd first like to remind you again about the seminar tomorrow before 10 is there any question?\r\n\r\n- I think listening to your talk that a number of the features of sustainable systems that you described are very attractive and appealing to a large number of people here in the Midwest. The problem I think that we have in the past is that we've never been able to find a viable, a transition strategy from the kinds of highly capitalized agricultural technologies that were all heavily dependent upon to really sustainable system. Scratch here, It's been the transition it's been difficult. Do you have any comments as to what ways to get away from this one screen?\r\n\r\n- Well, all I can mention is examples from farmers, examples that I have observed for example, some farmers have been in, in their transition, they have been doing an incrementally, that is, they devote 25% of the farm and then 50% of the farm and a hundred percent of the farm with a years, so it's not a radical transition immediately, they don't totally stop using pesticides, but basically they do an incremental transition, so that has worked for some, other farmers during the transition period, have devoted half of their land to particular specialty crops, heating particular market windows. And then especially in California, where people, you know, are into natural foods or so, baby lettuce, for example, there's a lot of farmers that are making a lot of money because a lot of people that will pay a lot of bucks for baby lettuce, so they basically kind of capitalize on this market opportunities, this economic windows that are opening up and make the transition that way. Now, I don't know, in a state like Iowa, whether that, where there would be an economic window or that nature, but perhaps there is not perhaps for baby lettuce for some kind of specialty beans or something like that, that farmers could start devoting. Other farmers have have gone into perennial crops like orchards in which they have while they're growing their orchards, they diversified production and they grow all kinds of beans and corn and all kinds of crops underneath until they kind of disclose and therefore they are able to afford some inputs, some income while they're studying the orchard. And at the same time, this diversification seems to be helping the health of the orchards by providing more diversity, I have it that for biological control, I'm going to show some work on that tomorrow, so I think that that depends, you know, on the regions, depends on the farmer strategies depends on the economic windows that are available. Yes.\r\n\r\n- Except for the work you did at Pennsylvania, most of the pictures you showed us tonight from tropical regions, where we don't have a frost or a freezing winter, you could see that, those of us who live in the cold regions are going to have to use different techniques for transition, maybe.\r\n\r\n- Well, definitely, I don't think that it's gonna be possible to have the year round agroforestry or pollical system that I showed that that are viable in the, in the, in the tropics. But there are some strategies that are being developed. Some by some groups, actually they are not university groups, but they are done by people that have PhD. So they are reputable people, like the land Institute, West Jackson has a team of four PhD people working on perennial polycultures based on the natural Paris that you know, that growing up in Kansas. And therefore that provide a model for, for developing the perennial follicles. The work that's been done at Rochdale actually was headed by important PhD, agronomist Charles Francis, the Car wood believe that have developed very complex rotations that are suitable for North Northern climates. I don't know how applicable are here, but they have very cold seasons. Something went off here. And so, I think that there are some efforts going on that, that take different forms, you know, that the rotations are different, that the complex associations are different, but the principles behind them are the same. That is diversification of collection in time of space, recycling of the, of the resources of the farm. And so on.\r\n\r\n- Just an idea, maybe this time Linda set aside, compromising farmers more.\r\n\r\n- Yes, I think that that's an important opportunity, for example, or wherever and here, I don't want to be misinterpreted. I will try to be as diplomatic as I can, but in California, we were given an award that $300,000 by the legislature because of public pressure for sustainable agriculture research, that money went to Davis, which is the main Land Grand university. They set up their committee that would select the grants. The people that compose that committee, in my opinion, were not people that had done work in sustainable agriculture or alternative agriculture. And none of the people like myself or policeman or many others that are in the California system today were included in this committee. So, our proposals were rejected and the proposals that were funded for sustainable agriculture research were basically things that have had been done traditionally, or that could have been funded by other programs. I'm not saying that that research was not important. I'm just saying that there are other avenues to have funded it and, and Eddy continued to be funded the way that that traditionally have been done, so what I'm saying is that, as long as you know, the maintenance of the preeminence of the high yielding system of American agriculture is the goal, any FM set alternative system is gonna become overshadowed and I think that there there's the need, I mean, there's no reason why we should be afraid of giving the opportunity to radically changing research directions and looking at complexes. And I was actually proposing to set up a similar system to the one that I showed in Chile, in California. They have the same age learning climate. I was going to do it in larger scale, different crop systems and so on. And that pretty much was found to be non applicable and representative of the real world as their peer reviewer said. And I think that there's a role for this kind of research to go on, It provides opportunities for us to go beyond what we have been doing traditionally, and it perhaps will open up new avenues, maybe will not work, but it would provide opportunities for us to expand our research directions and interactions and try to try new formulas, new research ideas, and so on. And it, somehow the university system is able to absorb the new concerns, but not intentionally copped them. If you see what happened with integrative Pest Management, my opinion today, IPM and this in California is nothing else, but interesting integrated pesticide management, where basically the main dominant approaches a resistant varieties, pesticides and the monitoring that goes on is basically a way to justify and rationalize the use of pesticides. But if you look at the original proceedings in 1970 in North Carolina, the rat book, where all the people got together to kind of plan what IPM was gonna be, pesticides were only gonna be used in emergencies.\r\n\r\n- Any other questions?\r\n\r\n- Just a response to the comment about how it was in the Midwest, go to a lower input system, a more regenerative system. A lot of farmers are doing a three economic reasons. Now they're cutting back on the river state rates, and they're banning Instead of broadcasting, they're finding they can do a little less fertilizer. They find they'd rather pay themselves to cultivate and buy a chemical in the spring with a loan from their bank and interest, and that that's all good economic reasons are pushing them in that direction, but to get to a truly a closed cycle system, the last document system and right now, if everybody had livestock, it just wouldn't be viable. And that's one thing that we're up against here in the Midwest, is how does the average farmer who's now gotten rid of livestock system, which is long-term sustainable in those terms.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, but perhaps for example, not all the farmers should get into livestock, but there could be within a region farmers that have livestock and instead of their manure becoming liability, somehow develop a mechanism that that manure can be distributed to other farmers that are using crops for maintaining fertility. And the crop residues could be given back to those that have livestock and so on, I think arrangements of in nature, this nature could be worked out. So I don't think it's that, you know, it of it doesn't have to be that all farmers adopt integrated systems, but it could be regionally done where different farmers have different components of the systems in order to close the cycles.\r\n\r\n- economical use towards a generator course.\r\n\r\n- Well, I'm talking about locally, you know, a couple of miles, a few miles in California, for example, we have in the central Valley, very localized at the major, the major livestock operations and the manure has become a liability actually, they don't know what to do. It's causing all kinds of environmental problems and geographically they're so distant from the areas where they would be needed to close the cycles that is an economical to do it. So, I think that there has to be some kind of a regionalization of production planning of the systems in a way that it is economically geographically speaking and economically speaking to, to close the cycle.\r\n\r\n- Neil\r\n\r\n- Yields can be defined in terms of per unit of labor, renewable energy input per unit of soil loss. I mean, there are all kinds of ways in which we can evaluate it and many times by focusing just on the yield per acre, we are not able to account for the externalities, you know, how do we measure the economic impact, the economic, how do we equate into the equation of yields, you know, soil loss or environmental impacts or, or whatever. I think it's an important consideration. Yes.\r\n\r\n- I all on one slide, what'd you call it on those trotting systems with corn and if you have any comments on specifically I'm using problems that should establish.\r\n\r\n- Well, the corn mung bean is a it's a typical inter cropping system, the vetch corn system that I've seen is basically a living wall system where the vetch is basically established and then it's mode. And then the corn, they open little strips and they grow the corn there or alternatively, they put the corn and at the first cultivation they go in and they see it. And then with then the vetch comes up, the corn is harvested, and then the veggie stays there for a cigar crop or for other uses. So I think that there's a lot of potential for that kind of systems and I think that there's a lot of work that's been done in Cornell and also in Oregon on living mulches utilize to not only vetch, but also clovers and many other types of covered crop plants in nano cropping systems.\r\n\r\n- I can understand that whatever I can see,\r\n\r\n- California has two, I don't think that you see, I don't think there's a recipe for this. I mean, you have to cut this, everything mechanical, everything chemical, I think that what needs to be done is to develop systems that are appropriate to the circumstances. So if machinery needs to stay or redesign, I mean, I don't know if there are agricultural engineers here, but why isn't it, isn't impossible to develop agricultural machinery that can, can, can plant five crops and harvest five crops at the same time, I mean, we've been in the moon, I don't think that that would be such a complex thing, so, you know, it's a matter of, it's a matter of doing things that are appropriate and putting all our technology and knowledge and skills into the right direction, so I don't think that there's anything radical, I mean, this is not like a religion that everything is this way. Basically what we say, the principles have this, okay. There are certification at the genetic level, at the species level in time and space. It seems to be that the reinvestment that I was talking in natural ecosystems is important. The diversity is important because establishes linkages between organisms and biological control takes place. Also nutrient cycling possibilities that take place. And there seems to be a lot of organic matter recycling as a major thing, so that can take thousands of forms depending on the area you are, the people that are there, the resources that you have and so on.\r\n\r\n- If there are no other questions, I'd like to remind you about the talk tomorrow.\r\n\r\n- Well, thank you very much for your attention.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46876/file/120284#t=0.0,1686.984"}]}]}]}