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Stephens Auditorium.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=30.56,35.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Excuse me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=35.23,36.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the presentation of the 1978 Iowa Award","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=36.46,41.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to the 3rd annual World Food Institute Lecture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=41.72,44.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you can see, this is a very special Iowa evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=46.1,50.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and important event in the life of Iowa State University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=50.08,53.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With me on the stage are two very special persons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=54.22,58.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have important parts in tonight's program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=58.05,60.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I will introduce them to you now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=60.59,64.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introducing Iowa's very popular governor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=65.05,69.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is always a pleasant experience for me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=69.04,71.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have introduced him on several occasions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=72.9,75.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to different audiences, in different 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stage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=83.33,84.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that was at the opening session","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=84.61,87.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the World Food Conference on June 28, 1976,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=87.01,91.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was held here at Iowa State University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=93.08,95.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=96.2,98.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That unique gathering of food scientists from 70 nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=98.08,101.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was sponsored by the World Food Institute","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=101.67,104.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here at Iowa State University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=104.62,106.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sponsor of Dr. Borlaug's address,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=106.89,108.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we will hear later this evening also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=108.94,111.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My introductory remarks for Governor Ray,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=113.16,116.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I gave some 20 months ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=116.51,118.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I exercised a little 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applies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=125.581,128.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My conclusion was that I had weighed my words carefully,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=129.24,133.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on that occasion of opening the World Food 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1976.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=149.34,152.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is my great pleasure to introduce to you now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=152.94,155.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the nation's most outstanding leader,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=155.44,158.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the very talented, humane, and vigorous Governor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=158.6,161.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the state of Iowa, the honorable Robert D. 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campus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=196.95,200.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your very generous introduction","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=200.86,203.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what you just said a moment ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=203.2,204.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you people don't have to believe all that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=204.72,207.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I just realize that, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=207.18,209.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the difference between a president and a governor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=209.69,211.967"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the president could say anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=211.967,214.196"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(Dr. Park chuckles)\n(audience chuckling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=214.196,218.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This evening, we're here to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=218.31,220.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at least as part of this program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=221.43,223.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to honor an extraordinary Iowan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=223.92,226.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to present him with an award and a drawing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=226.56,230.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Dr. Borlaug, I'm just very pleased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=230.29,233.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you're not a state employee.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=233.77,235.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Otherwise, we probably couldn't give you the gift.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=235.85,238.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=238.385,241.385"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From reading your program you can see that the Iowa Award,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=244.13,248.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we are about to present to Dr. Borlaug,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=248.96,251.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is very special.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=251.73,253.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In 30 years it has been bestowed on but seven Iowans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=253.97,258.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up until this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=259.45,260.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The list is an Iowa Hall of Fame.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=261.52,264.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Herbert Hoover was one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=264.34,266.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ding Darling was one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=267.56,269.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. James van Allen, Henry Wallace, Mamie Eisenhower,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=269.12,273.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Frank Spedding and Karl King, seven outstanding Iowans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=273.0,277.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"People who not only are notable and famous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=277.51,280.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but people respected and loved as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=280.82,283.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We only regret that Henry Wallace and Karl 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event.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=289.19,294.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But tonight we are so pleased","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=294.91,296.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that so many of Dr Borlaug's family and friends","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=296.58,298.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are able to be with us this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=298.92,301.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We want you to know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=301.48,302.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we all share your pride in Dr. Borlaug","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=302.8,305.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his remarkable achievements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=305.77,308.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Borlaug once wrote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=308.94,311.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I am impatient and did not accept the need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=311.007,314.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for slow change and evolution.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=314.3,316.657"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lest there was any 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thought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=323.5,325.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A native of Iowa, he is a citizen of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=325.67,328.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has anticipated the collision 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populations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=334.1,337.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For his work as the Father of the Green Revolution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=337.56,341.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Borlaug has been honored many, many times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=341.47,344.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A rather thorough listing would consume many pages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=346.36,351.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It would take a lot of 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degrees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=355.91,358.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from colleges and universities in six different states,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=358.35,361.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he has been recognized and 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Norway,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=365.87,369.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sweden, Argentina, West Pakistan, the USSR, Peru,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=369.69,374.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Guatemala, Chile, and in 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30's,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=650.98,654.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up until about 1973 when I revisited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=654.72,658.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for 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repeat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=665.78,667.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I feel very privileged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=667.62,670.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have been awarded these.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=671.0,673.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would just like to leave one or two thoughts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=673.6,676.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how fortunate I am to have been 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country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=703.99,707.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That might seem sort of curious as to why it was so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=707.05,711.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it turned out to be Argentina.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=711.6,714.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because I saw there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=714.76,716.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"10 or 15 or 20 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=718.18,720.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=720.67,721.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"great possibilities of assisting 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markets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=729.78,733.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this would probably serve some useful purpose.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=734.71,737.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With that one 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reared,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=759.6,763.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a very small farm, had known rural life,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=763.7,767.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a good home, which also gave me a good set of values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=767.84,772.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and having studied under good teachers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=773.57,777.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of whom are present tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=777.1,779.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both from my high school days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=779.23,781.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also from my adopted state, Minnesota,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=781.17,785.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"deans and faculty members there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=785.81,788.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To all of you in both states,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=788.1,791.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I am very grateful and I thank you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=791.82,794.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the bottom of my heart, thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=794.74,797.317"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=798.253,801.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I said in the beginning that, excuse me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=812.02,814.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the program this evening comes in two packages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=814.67,817.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Borlaug is the important ingredient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=817.74,820.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in both of those packages, as you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=820.28,822.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=822.8,823.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do want to say just a few words more about Dr. Borlaug","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=825.63,829.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before he delivers the annual lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=829.5,832.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the World Food Institute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=832.56,834.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the time allowed me this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=835.32,837.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be impossible, fully or 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need,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1489.87,1492.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which should be self-evident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1492.09,1494.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without food you can live only for a few weeks at 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health.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1501.41,1505.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"From an economic standpoint,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1506.54,1508.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the worth of food depends entirely on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1508.09,1510.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how long it's been since you had your last food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1511.23,1514.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what the expectancies are for food in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1514.85,1519.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it depends, and this will vary greatly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1521.267,1524.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in different societies also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1524.44,1526.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let's take a look at the privileged USA.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1527.62,1532.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the end of World War II, the average 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statistics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1536.95,1541.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spend about 26% of their take-home pay on food after taxes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1541.19,1546.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But with depressed food prices in the 50s and 60s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1548.39,1553.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of overproduction then too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1553.16,1557.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increasing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1557.07,1558.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"wages and incomes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1560.47,1563.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the percentage of take-home pay spent on 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1971.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1571.76,1576.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then when there were food shortages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1577.34,1578.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that come onto the scene in 1972,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1578.99,1581.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they began to increase somewhat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1581.82,1584.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there was a great scandalous outcry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1584.65,1587.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially from the urban consumer who had forgotten","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1587.84,1591.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after all, that food didn't come from the supermarket.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1591.01,1593.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That it costs money, in terms of capital investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1593.97,1596.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to produce that food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1596.96,1598.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I am in many ways horribly shocked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1598.32,1602.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the breakdown of communications here in the USA","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1603.82,1607.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the role that agriculture plays","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1607.12,1610.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the total economy of this country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1610.47,1612.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"During the last two or three years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1613.47,1615.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have taken it upon myself as I visit the US,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1615.29,1618.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to ask some questions, especially of urban residents,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1618.39,1623.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to find out how much they know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1624.11,1626.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not talking about technical things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1626.53,1628.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but about agriculture and what it costs to produce food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1628.9,1631.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how complex the total system is from the farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1631.57,1635.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the inputs that are required there from the standpoint","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1636.524,1639.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of marketing storage distribution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1639.48,1643.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until the food reaches here on our own table","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1643.45,1647.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially in the cities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1647.08,1648.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I'm horrified by the lack of communication","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1648.72,1652.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that seems, the void that seems to exist.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1652.29,1654.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that there's something wrong","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1657.139,1658.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the communication system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1658.35,1661.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know why it's so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1661.38,1663.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't pretend to understand it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1663.457,1665.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now from the political stand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1666.73,1668.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you look at this economic importance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1668.61,1671.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the developing nations, you will see that most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1671.23,1673.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those people in good years, when crops are good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1673.56,1676.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The vast majority of those people will spend 75 to 80,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1677.87,1682.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"85% of their take-home pay on food.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1683.16,1686.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in bad years, when the crops fail,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1686.71,1689.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's all of their income and nothing left over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1689.61,1692.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's still 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agriculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1827.56,1829.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the lack of communications is the false idea","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1829.69,1832.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that anyone is smart enough, intelligent enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1832.38,1837.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be a good farmer or a good rancher.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1837.86,1840.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is absolute nonsense, and yet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1840.69,1843.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I sense it everywhere about me in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1843.39,1846.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Including in the developing nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1846.69,1849.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where among the privilege classes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1849.56,1852.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including government leaders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1852.17,1854.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this false attitude all too often prevails.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1854.51,1858.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are two problems when we talk about 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another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1907.61,1911.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to gain their own livelihood through creative work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1911.23,1916.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What is the food production base of our world?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1919.86,1924.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we inhabitants of the planet Earth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1924.11,1928.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the most part are very 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thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1936.1,1939.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the center of our own solar system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1939.24,1941.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course we know this isn't 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a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1946.96,1950.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clear evening before sunset","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1952.12,1955.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and see the sun goes down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1955.68,1957.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in a few hours begin to see our sister planets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=1957.37,1962.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moving around about 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it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2032.58,2034.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"approaching 78 or 79% is water,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2034.04,2036.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of it's salt water 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as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2055.57,2056.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arable land that we classify","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2058.94,2061.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as being suitable for 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land,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2079.71,2082.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 33% of our total land area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2082.01,2085.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is about 30% that's 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reserve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2289.55,2291.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I had this brought home clearly that, to me just,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2291.4,2294.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a year and a little more than a year 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Cousteau,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2303.748,2306.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Philippie himself was raised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2306.4,2308.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the time he was eight on the Calypso 1","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2308.32,2311.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with his daddy, the famous oceanographer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2313.03,2316.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he came to Mexico particularly, or 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fleets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2379.34,2381.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it leveled off at about 70 million tons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2381.13,2383.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then started 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or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2394.25,2397.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rations for livestock.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2399.47,2401.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But most authorities say that 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total.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2413.94,2415.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That does not mean that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2415.9,2418.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there will not be great progress in aquaculture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2420.24,2423.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in streams and ponds or in ponds and small lakes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2423.38,2427.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also in estuaries that can be fenced off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2427.38,2431.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and protected and cultivated like we would the land","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2431.24,2434.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with modern technology of fish culture and fertilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2434.62,2438.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of the other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2438.14,2439.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But again, it's 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land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2446.47,2448.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of you will say, \"What about a single cell protein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2448.93,2452.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and fermentation of other products to produce protein?\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2452.87,2456.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, in small quantities, this is being done now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2456.45,2459.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but for the long time future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2459.83,2462.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognizing the built-in resistant to change in food habits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2462.02,2466.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for direct human food,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2466.99,2469.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it will be a long time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2469.87,2471.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before any substantial quantities of food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2471.42,2474.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for direct human consumption will come from this sort,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2474.61,2477.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so let's look at that the 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1975,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2485.99,2487.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most important key group of crops are the cereal grains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2489.11,2494.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I say cereal grains, I mean wheat, rice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2494.07,2498.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corn, sorghum, millet, oats, barley,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2498.73,2502.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and some other minor grains as 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much,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2514.4,2515.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a much more important part than is indicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2517.14,2519.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the total of 1/3 of the tonnage,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2519.85,2523.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because they are low in moisture content,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2523.09,2525.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"compared to many of the other 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protein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2598.73,2601.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2606.79,2608.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2608.04,2608.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2610.23,2611.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"look at the other kinds of foods let us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2611.58,2614.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do not wish you to misunderstand the importance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2614.47,2617.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all the root crops, the potatoes and the yams,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2617.44,2620.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the pulses and grain legumes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2620.26,2622.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the peas and the beans and the chickpeas and lentils,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2622.84,2625.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor the vegetables of very great numbers and diversity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2625.81,2630.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same is true of nuts and fruits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2630.82,2633.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of all of the animal products,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2633.29,2635.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as, I should've mentioned sugar, oil seeds,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2635.92,2639.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"soy bean and mustard oil, and many others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2639.36,2642.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And 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to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2664.59,2666.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're fed to livestock to produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2667.88,2669.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the eggs, meat, and milk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2669.91,2671.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The remainder is used directly as food","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=2672.17,2674.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's the, population density bills in 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world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3302.64,3305.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in trying to improve public health,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3305.8,3308.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by sending in sanitation engineers, entomologist and MDs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3308.34,3313.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll have a lot of valuable experience,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3314.01,3316.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have none in the US Government in this field.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3316.83,3320.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A committee was sent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3320.66,3322.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/988","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a decision was made to launch this program.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3324.21,3327.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/989","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. J. G. Harrar and Dr. E. J. Wellhausen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3328.71,3332.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/990","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both graduates of who received advanced degrees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3332.93,3337.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/991","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at Iowa State University,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3337.02,3338.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/992","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the first two members of this program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3338.76,3341.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/993","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was the third.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3341.81,3343.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/994","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The former to have since retired,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3343.35,3346.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/995","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so I'm the old gray beard.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3346.17,3347.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/996","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm getting pretty rickety in the joints,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3347.79,3349.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/997","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm still out there fighting the battle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3349.57,3353.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/998","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's been a real interesting experience in life's work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3353.44,3357.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/999","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I've never regretted a minute of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3357.17,3358.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1000","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite the fact that because of many criticisms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3358.91,3362.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1001","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"everybody wants to create a utopia you see,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3362.89,3365.949"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1002","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it looks so easy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3365.949,3367.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1003","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's kind of like coaching football from the sidelines ,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3367.33,3370.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1004","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a spectator.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3370.77,3372.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1005","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, Monday morning quarterbacks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3372.32,3374.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1006","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know all the easy ways that the game that was lost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3374.5,3378.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1007","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Saturday or on Sunday could have been won,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3378.33,3381.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1008","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they would've been the manager or coach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3381.45,3383.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1009","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, it's like this in this kind of life's work also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3383.98,3388.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1010","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I've found that that's part of the challenge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3388.71,3392.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1011","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And two criticisms that are aimed at you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3392.0,3395.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1012","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have tried to always develop a skin hide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3395.81,3400.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1013","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about is thickness that of an elephant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3400.2,3404.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1014","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it would be also very helpful if you could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3404.01,3407.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1015","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"turn off your hearing, against lots of this criticisms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3408.71,3411.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1016","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you wouldn't get upset.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3411.81,3414.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1017","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in any case, you go along and do the best you can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3414.4,3417.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1018","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do you do in these stagnant traditional agriculture?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3417.8,3421.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1019","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First, you've got to start with 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areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3426.08,3427.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1022","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have adequate rainfall or that have irrigation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3427.47,3430.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1023","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, it's 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countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3436.57,3439.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1026","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the soil has been mined without returning any fertility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3439.32,3442.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1027","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the soil over decades and hundreds of years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3442.55,3446.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1028","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Production is at a very low level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3446.74,3449.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1029","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starvation for all of the different organisms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3449.01,3452.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1030","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are trying to live from that piece of land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3452.33,3454.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1031","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It makes no difference","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3454.9,3455.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1032","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether you're talking about the wheat plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3455.87,3458.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1033","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether you're talking about the weeds that are growing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3459.6,3461.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1034","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the wheat plants, they're equally miserable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3461.77,3464.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1035","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether you're talking about the aphid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3464.63,3466.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1036","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's trying to eke out a living on that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3466.28,3468.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1037","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"woody wheat plant, he's scrawny and emaciated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3469.7,3472.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1038","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and miserable also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3472.5,3474.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1039","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or the rust pustule that's trying to eek out a living","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3474.04,3476.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1040","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on that green leaf, it can't create an epidemic either.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3476.61,3480.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1041","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if it's so with all of these species,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3480.49,3483.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1042","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what's it like for the man and woman and the family","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3483.03,3485.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1043","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to eke out a living at the end of the food 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mechanically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3535.24,3537.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1066","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And once you do this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3540.33,3541.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1067","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to have a different variety of crop 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animals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3551.08,3553.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1072","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the most part consume.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3553.89,3556.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1073","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We haven't learned yet to eat straw","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3556.07,3558.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1074","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or cellulose from trees as human beings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3558.57,3562.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1075","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I hope sometime we will 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world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3569.63,3571.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1078","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are generating in fabulous quantities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3571.57,3574.805"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1079","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience 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utilize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3606.36,3608.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1092","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this improved set of conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3608.57,3610.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1093","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to utilize more efficiently the fertilizer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3610.07,3612.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1094","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to convert it to grain that can be used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3612.11,3615.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1095","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for human consumption or for producing animal 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resistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3623.49,3627.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1098","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this is easier said than done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3627.45,3629.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1099","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These little shifty enemies are never 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grime","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3742.32,3745.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of trying to protect our crop plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3745.45,3749.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So 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stations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3779.81,3781.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's no use to do research","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3781.463,3783.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can't extend it to produce more 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Asia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3868.56,3870.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw this sad thing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3872.44,3875.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the new technology would be 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fertilizer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3881.03,3882.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he'd used the new varieties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3882.96,3884.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his production would go up enormously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3884.82,3888.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but who profited most?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3888.06,3889.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The grain buyer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3891.31,3893.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The prices for grain and food deficit countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3893.17,3895.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is always very high prior to the harvest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3895.48,3899.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As soon as the harvest begins, it plummets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3900.15,3903.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the grain buyer, who incidentally in most cases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3904.93,3907.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also happens to be the money lender,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3907.86,3910.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has got a good thing going for him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3910.61,3913.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He gets it coming and he gets it going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3913.03,3914.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we've had to battle these and fortunately,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3915.93,3919.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in countries such as India and Pakistan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3919.42,3922.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of these things that inhibited production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3922.33,3925.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been at least eliminated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3925.6,3928.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and are somewhat less bad than they were before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3928.39,3931.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When you put all of these things together,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3935.17,3936.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometimes it's gratifying to see changes that do take place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3936.83,3941.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the case of, I will cite a couple of cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3941.02,3945.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that of Indian wheat production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3945.77,3947.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I began working at the invitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3948.64,3950.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Government of India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3950.84,3952.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my first visit there was in 1960,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3953.42,3956.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was invited back in 63","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3956.55,3958.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have a look at their general problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3960.269,3962.269"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thought I saw the possibilities of using","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3963.32,3966.198"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much of the know-how, including the technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3966.198,3967.727"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the seeds that were developed in Mexico, in India.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3967.727,3971.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a great similarity of conditions and of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3971.61,3975.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the way wheat grows.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3975.8,3977.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To make a long story short,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3978.58,3979.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we started to collaborate with them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3979.76,3981.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we put two of our scientific staff in India in 63.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3981.34,3986.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the short period of time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3987.47,3989.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"once we did all of this testing that I've mentioned to you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3989.26,3993.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and got some of the structure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3995.08,3996.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizational structure underway to stimulate production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=3996.41,4000.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw Indian wheat production go from 400 million 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locally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4194.05,4195.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"modified to fit local conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4195.44,4197.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that's the first time any","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4197.86,4199.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thing of this magnitude has ever been transferred","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4199.87,4203.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"halfway around the world so rapidly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4203.04,4205.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That does not mean that the same time we didn't put in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4206.82,4210.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a vast reorganization in their own research programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4211.561,4214.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to build a sound base on which to build for the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4214.35,4218.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Indian wheat breeding program","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4218.24,4220.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"today is the largest and most diversified in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4220.67,4224.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has more scientists working there in that program,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4225.01,4229.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the same is true of a number of other crops.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4229.71,4231.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4232.82,4234.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the next 10 to 15 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4235.1,4238.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the production of wheat and rice in those countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4238.81,4243.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can be doubled again if the political will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4243.54,4246.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the economic policies are right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4246.3,4248.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have severe doubts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4248.4,4249.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"question that this will happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4251.2,4252.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could go on mentioning many of these different cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4254.96,4258.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I won't do this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4258.49,4259.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to say that, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4259.75,4263.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whenever you'll make such a change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4263.49,4266.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you don't create a utopia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4267.54,4269.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have been criticized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4271.46,4273.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for making the rich richer and the poor poorer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4273.04,4276.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've read it in many of the scientific journals.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4276.13,4280.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But let me give you a little insight on some of this also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4281.47,4285.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, I've spent, I don't know how many millions of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4285.01,4288.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I suppose it's approaching millions now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4288.12,4289.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certainly thousands, many thousands of individual crosses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4289.93,4292.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between all kinds of wheat plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4292.78,4294.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"around the world and studied certainly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4295.54,4298.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hundreds of millions of individual plants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4298.39,4300.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I have never come up with a single wheat variety","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4301.75,4306.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will produce 10 tons per acre","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4308.11,4312.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a 10 acre farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4312.26,4315.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consequently, a 100 tons of grain on that small farm.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4315.12,4319.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with the same technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4320.8,4323.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"produce one ton per acre on the 100 acre farm,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4323.15,4327.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that both will come out at the end","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4327.56,4329.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with 100 tons of grain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4329.37,4331.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That would be very nice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4332.5,4333.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a social scientist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4335.089,4337.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a political leaders of these governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4337.54,4342.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it were to happen so","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4342.33,4344.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if the wheat plant were politically-minded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4344.19,4347.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would remove from them the responsibilities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4347.43,4351.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of doing this nasty job of distributing the benefits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4351.66,4354.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't work that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4355.81,4357.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4358.1,4359.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we look ahead then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4361.78,4363.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we also here, and we have to contend with many things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4364.17,4368.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are happening on the sidelines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4368.08,4371.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are those that believe we don't need any fertilizer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4371.66,4374.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even on these worn out soils.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4374.4,4376.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have never farmed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4376.43,4377.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they have never known anything about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4377.52,4380.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it looks so easy again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=4380.35,4382.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you've never been in this problem 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it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5506.11,5508.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from tremendous distances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5508.93,5511.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How to utilize it in effective control programs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5511.26,5513.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hasn't been worked out yet, but these are new things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5513.81,5516.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that may pay off in the future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5516.6,5519.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I'm trying to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5520.92,5522.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that we have to use an integrated approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5522.21,5524.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of these have been used in the past.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5524.66,5527.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no simple solution to all of these 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in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5537.752,5538.585"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more recently, of course, we've got integrate controversies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5540.51,5543.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think many of them are very 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issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5549.07,5551.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When we have tried, when we should have tried to use","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5551.5,5554.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our best science and common sense and put them together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5554.15,5557.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in effective ways to reduce the pollution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5557.41,5560.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to levels that we can tolerate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5561.54,5564.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Remember that pollution is very directly related","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5564.29,5567.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the number of we naked apes also, human beings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5567.95,5571.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the more we are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5571.93,5573.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the more pollution of various kinds we're going to have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5573.4,5576.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for those who are very interested","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5576.36,5578.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the utopian environment, I would suggest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5578.18,5581.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they spend at least half of their time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5581.51,5584.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also on the family planning population front.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5584.54,5588.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will say here and now that I suppose I spend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5588.18,5591.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"1/3 of my time in recent years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5592.14,5593.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"working with all of these kinds of groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5593.96,5596.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an educational way, trying to point out the problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5596.28,5599.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will be coming in the decades ahead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5599.82,5603.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unless we are wise enough to 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population","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5610.64,5615.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pressure on the land.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5615.22,5616.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You would think that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5619.5,5621.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the worst pollutant, as far as I'm concerned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5621.5,5624.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the one of pessimists and negativism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5624.9,5628.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has crept in with many of these programs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5628.23,5631.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have poisoned the minds of many of our youth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5631.89,5635.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is tragic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5635.8,5636.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Despite the fact that we live a longer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5638.38,5642.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more healthful and more pleasant life than our fathers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5642.23,5647.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and grandfathers and mothers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5647.25,5649.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"grandmothers, great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5649.66,5654.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we think that we're all about to be poisoned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5654.18,5658.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of existence the day after tomorrow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5658.13,5660.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it just isn't so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5660.96,5662.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we hear lots of nonsense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5662.55,5665.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the ozone layer being destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5665.47,5670.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's being destroyed by your fluorocarbon carbon hairsprays,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5670.14,5674.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by my shaving cream sprays or dispensers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5674.32,5678.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The SST Concorde was supposed to be destroying them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5681.35,5684.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you never at the same time heard much criticism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5684.98,5687.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the supersonic fighters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5687.79,5689.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are all around the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5689.69,5690.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up in that same strata.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5690.88,5693.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the nitrogen that's being liberated from fertilizer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5697.874,5700.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and from decomposing organic waste","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5700.88,5703.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is supposed to be destroying the ozone layer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5703.76,5707.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so we're all supposed to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5707.23,5708.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sometime in the unforeseeable future.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5709.88,5712.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Be getting enough ultraviolet light,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5713.41,5715.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which creates mutations so that we're almost certain to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5715.91,5720.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"most of us get cancer from that source,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5720.0,5722.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as from all of the contaminants in the air","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5722.51,5725.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and water and food that we're supposed to be acquiring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5725.83,5730.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every day of our life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5731.34,5732.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My way of looking at these things is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5735.31,5738.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if that system were that unstable, none of us would be here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5738.82,5743.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There probably wouldn't have been any human species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5743.25,5746.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"walking around on this Earth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5746.73,5748.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at the worst,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5748.66,5750.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it were to happen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5750.71,5752.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe the populations of the world would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5752.26,5755.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 10, 20, 100 generations would have darker skin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5755.02,5760.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe that would be good too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5760.28,5762.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So instead it would be a natural selection process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5762.29,5766.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because this will resist UV better","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5766.43,5769.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than these pale faces like myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5769.45,5772.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we have such things that crept into our laws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5774.01,5777.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"such as the Delaney 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list,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5935.93,5937.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it merits being placed there or not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5937.79,5940.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A well-conceived necessary bit of 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disappearance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5956.39,5958.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of one of the most important human diseases","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5958.18,5963.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has left a great impact on our total society worldwide.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5963.39,5968.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The World Health Organization of the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5969.4,5972.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"twice in the last year and a half has said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5973.96,5976.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the smallpox virus is on the verge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5976.04,5979.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of disappearing from the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5979.5,5981.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Wouldn't it be tragic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5981.41,5982.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if we didn't preserve this as a species","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5982.78,5986.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's on the verge of extinction?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5986.82,5988.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Recognizing a role","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5988.59,5990.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it has played in the development of our society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5990.61,5995.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why wouldn't it be much better if we hadn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=5998.38,6001.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"gotten to the point where we spend so much of our energies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6001.7,6006.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so much of our resources in lawsuits,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6006.96,6011.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rather than in improving wild,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6012.66,6016.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"expanding wildlife refuges,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6016.03,6018.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"improving the habitats for our wildlife,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6018.76,6021.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"planting more trees, replanting eroded lands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6021.21,6024.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of these kinds of activities?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6024.71,6027.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it doesn't seem that it works that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6027.55,6030.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think perhaps in closing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6030.14,6032.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these words from one of my favorite philosophers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6032.75,6037.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will Durant, who now must be approximately 90 years old,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6037.26,6042.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"said this about the human predicament","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6043.54,6047.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and his insight into our curious behavior.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6047.98,6051.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I quote, \"Man's capacity for fretting is endless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6053.99,6057.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and no matter how many difficulties we surmount,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6057.99,6061.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no matter how many ideals we realize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6061.72,6065.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a stealthy pleasure in rejecting mankind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6065.88,6069.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the universe as being unworthy of our approval.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6069.81,6074.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then on another occasion, he said this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6075.51,6078.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I think tells a lot about us also as individuals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6078.28,6082.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also collectively, he said, and I quote again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6082.23,6086.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"When I was 20,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6086.477,6087.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I knew everything and my father knew nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6087.89,6091.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When I was 30 I was surprised to see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6091.51,6094.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much my father had learned in those past 10 years.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6094.11,6098.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he said, \"Now at 76,\" and he feels the same way now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6098.143,6101.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I saw him last year at the White House,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6101.66,6103.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he says, \"Now at 76, I know nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6104.85,6109.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So education is really nothing more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6109.33,6112.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6112.15,6115.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6115.65,6116.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6116.93,6120.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you very much, Dr Borlaug.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6145.42,6147.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Every time we have the opportunity to visit with you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6148.65,6151.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to hear you make more formal remarks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6151.21,6155.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as you have this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6155.04,6157.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our pride continues to grow and grow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6157.03,6159.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our pride in you and your achievements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6159.99,6163.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in your great humanitarian instincts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6163.32,6165.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which continue to march to the front,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6165.71,6168.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only in your words, but in your deeds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6168.2,6170.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have looked at Dr. Borlaug's schedule","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6173.02,6175.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the next two days and I can assure you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6175.29,6178.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he will be with us these next two days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6178.71,6180.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I assure you he is going to meet with a lot of groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6180.85,6185.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lot of committees, a lot of student clubs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6185.61,6188.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and just about everybody else on campus","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6188.62,6191.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shows an interest in his work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6191.01,6194.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The only bit of recreation I see on his schedule is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6194.75,6197.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an old wrestler from Cresco and Minnesota","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6197.65,6200.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think he's gonna attend a wrestling match","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6200.3,6202.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Ohio State Friday evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6202.85,6206.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So to show some humanitarian instinct on my part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6206.93,6210.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've been generous enough accourt our governor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6210.61,6213.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and our speaker humanitarian instincts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6213.91,6217.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I will show one of my own","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6217.25,6218.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not open the floor to questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6218.71,6221.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Dr. Borlaug this evening","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6221.21,6222.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because I think he has worked very hard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6222.61,6225.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he will continue to do so for the next few days.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6225.11,6228.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now I'm not entirely sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6228.5,6229.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how you bring one of these sessions to a close,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6229.52,6232.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ritual has its place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6232.08,6233.547"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in graduations, those of you who come sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6233.547,6237.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"know that I have a little notebook.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6237.83,6239.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this notebook at the proper place says","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6239.24,6241.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a benediction by the reverend so-and-so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6241.28,6243.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"I declare the fall quarter at an end.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6243.367,6246.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't have a benediction this evening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6246.67,6248.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but with great gratitude, to you Dr. Borlaug,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6248.49,6251.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and great pride in your achievement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6251.66,6253.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we do pronounce this annual lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6253.74,6256.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the World Food Institute to a close.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6256.66,6258.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6258.69,6259.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=6259.948,6263.115"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29138/annotation/1917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/138/original/AV168002_Food_Production_in_a_Fertile_Unstable_World_a.vtt?1623261210","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/138/original/AV168002_Food_Production_in_a_Fertile_Unstable_World_a.vtt?1623261210"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29139","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV168002_Food_Production_in_a_Fertile_Unstable_World_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920/transcript/29139/annotation/1918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Ladies and gentlemen it's my pleasure this evening to welcome all of you to Iowa State university, to the C.Y. Stephens Auditorium. Excuse me, to the presentation of the 1978 Iowa Award and to the 3rd annual World Food Institute Lecture. As you can see, this is a very special Iowa evening and important event in the life of Iowa State University. With me on the stage are two very special persons who have important parts in tonight's program, and I will introduce them to you now. Introducing Iowa's very popular governor, it is always a pleasant experience for me. I have introduced him on several occasions and to different audiences, in different places. I remember introducing him at least one time on this very stage, and that was at the opening session of the World Food Conference on June 28, 1976, which was held here at Iowa State University at that time. That unique gathering of food scientists from 70 nations was sponsored by the World Food Institute here at Iowa State University. The sponsor of Dr. Borlaug's address, which we will hear later this evening also. My introductory remarks for Governor Ray, which I gave some 20 months ago, I exercised a little curiosity and look back to see what I'd said about him at that time and see if it still applies. My conclusion was that I had weighed my words carefully, on that occasion of opening the World Food Conference, and the tribute I paid to him still goes. Governor Ray has been a continuing and highly effective supporter of Iowa State University. it's World Food Institute, and the World Food Conference of 1976. It is my great pleasure to introduce to you now, one of the nation's most outstanding leader, the very talented, humane, and vigorous Governor of the state of Iowa, the honorable Robert D. Ray.\r\n\r\n- Dr. Parks, thank you very much. Dr. Borlaug, Mrs. Borlaug, Governor Blue and Governor Fulton and Lieutenant Governor Neu and all of you distinguished people and particularly those who are members of the Borlaug family, ladies and gentlemen. Dr Parks I appreciate each time that I come to this campus, your very generous introduction and what you just said a moment ago. And you people don't have to believe all that, I just realize that, you know, that's the difference between a president and a governor, the president could say anything. This evening, we're here to, at least as part of this program, to honor an extraordinary Iowan, and to present him with an award and a drawing. And Dr. Borlaug, I'm just very pleased that you're not a state employee. Otherwise, we probably couldn't give you the gift. From reading your program you can see that the Iowa Award, that we are about to present to Dr. Borlaug, is very special. In 30 years it has been bestowed on but seven Iowans, up until this evening. The list is an Iowa Hall of Fame. President Herbert Hoover was one. Ding Darling was one. Dr. James van Allen, Henry Wallace, Mamie Eisenhower, Frank Spedding and Karl King, seven outstanding Iowans. People who not only are notable and famous, but people respected and loved as well. We only regret that Henry Wallace and Karl King were honored posthumously and could not be with their families to share such a memorable event. But tonight we are so pleased that so many of Dr Borlaug's family and friends are able to be with us this evening. We want you to know, we all share your pride in Dr. Borlaug and his remarkable achievements. Dr. Borlaug once wrote, \"I am impatient and did not accept the need for slow change and evolution.\" Lest there was any doubt. Dr. Borlaug's work over the years was confirmed, has confirmed that thought. A native of Iowa, he is a citizen of the world. He has anticipated the collision course of finite and limited resources with exploding and unchecked populations. For his work as the Father of the Green Revolution, Dr. Borlaug has been honored many, many times. A rather thorough listing would consume many pages. It would take a lot of time if I were to list those many achievements. But let me just say that he has honorary degrees from colleges and universities in six different states, and he has been recognized and honored in 12 different countries, Mexico India, Pakistan, Norway, Sweden, Argentina, West Pakistan, the USSR, Peru, Guatemala, Chile, and in Germany. As well of course as in the United States, where last year he was presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Dr. Borlaug has had a day in his honor in Minnesota and a street named after him in Mexico. But most significantly, Dr. Borlaug is a recipient of the Nobel Prize for Peace, and honor and tribute unequaled in the world. Tonight, we are delighted that Dr. Borlaug has taken time from his ongoing plant research at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico, to return to his native state and to honor us with his presence as we honor him with this award. The 1978 Iowa Award is in two parts. First, an exquisite etching by the famous J. Ding Darling, a two time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and himself, the second recipient of the Iowa Award. The etching depicts canvasback ducks in flight over the wetlands Ding Darling sought to protect. It is a fitting award for Dr. Borlaug, who appreciates the relationship of all living things. A man who grew up in Cresco, Iowa, close to Iowa soil and wildlife. The beautiful etching was donated by the J. Ding Darling Foundation of Des Moines, and is reproduced on the cover of your program. The second part of the award is a parchment, executed by Bill Wagner of De Moines, especially for this occasion. It reads, \"The Iowa Award presented to Dr. Norman Borlaug, Nobel Laureate, humanitarian, life scientist, outdoorsman, from his native state, February 8, 1978 at Ames by the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation. Dr. Borlaug on behalf of the people of Iowa and as president of the Iowa Centennial Memorial Foundation, I'm pleased to tell you, we are proud to count you as one of our own to present to you this evening the highest award our state has to offer. Congratulations.\" Sure is.\r\n\r\n- Beat me to it.\r\n\r\n- Governor Ray, President Parks, ladies and gentlemen. This is indeed for me, a great honor and privilege to have been named recipient of the highest award given by the state of Iowa. A state in which I was privileged to have been born and to have spent my early life. It's a double privilege to also be a recipient of this wonderful sketching. For in my early life, and even today, I'm not only interested as Governor Ray has pointed out in agriculture, and the soil and food and people but, many of my escapes to recreate myself, if you permit me to use it in this term, is to go to the outdoors. Hunting and fishing, which I learned to enjoy from the early days on the farm on weekends. And then as I migrated to my adopted state in Minnesota and studied forestry, this became my first professional career, and I was privileged to continue to work in the outdoors. And in one of those never to be forgotten assignments, I spent some wonderful days, months in the Middle Fork of the Salmon River, the river of no return. And I had the privilege just to, three or four years ago, of going back to that part of the wilderness area in South Central Idaho, and it has changed very little from the middle 30's, up until about 1973 when I revisited. So for these wonderful gifts and honors, I repeat, I feel very privileged to have been awarded these. I would just like to leave one or two thoughts about how fortunate I am to have been reared on the Iowa soil, to have grown up close to the soil. And especially so for my later life's work. I have lived and spent now more than a third of a century with peoples of developing nations. All during that time, I have worked only with one food exporting country. That might seem sort of curious as to why it was so, and it turned out to be Argentina. Because I saw there 10 or 15 or 20 years ago, the great possibilities of assisting them to expand their production so that 20 years later, when more food would be needed for export markets, this would probably serve some useful purpose. With that one exception, all of my life's work after I left the United States in 1944 has been in developing nations, food deficit nations, people who know great poverty. And I think that I have felt the pulse of those people far better than whatever have been possible had I not been reared, privileged to have been reared, on a very small farm, had known rural life, a good home, which also gave me a good set of values and having studied under good teachers. Some of whom are present tonight, both from my high school days and also from my adopted state, Minnesota, deans and faculty members there. To all of you in both states, I am very grateful and I thank you from the bottom of my heart, thank you.\r\n\r\n- I said in the beginning that, excuse me, the program this evening comes in two packages. Dr. Borlaug is the important ingredient in both of those packages, as you know. But I do want to say just a few words more about Dr. Borlaug before he delivers the annual lecture of the World Food Institute. In the time allowed me this evening, it would be impossible, fully or adequately, to introduce tonight's lecture, the most recent recipient of the prestigious Iowa Award. As Governor Ray has indicated, he is the recipient, as well of scores of other honors and awards. They have been given to him by an appreciative world, several thankful nations, and his very proud hometown of Cresco, Iowa. Although Dr. Borlaug is not an alumnus of Iowa State University, we have come to think of him as a member of the Iowa State University family. He has honored us with his presence in the past and I understand he is making plans to be on the campus again next year. Aside from repeating the impressive statistics that can help to measure the achievement of tonight's speaker, I believe it is important to remark on Dr. Borlaug's professional dedication to young people, something everyone may not know about this man. But he has a high degree of professional dedication to young people who are in his field or whose entries touch upon his own. He has been remarkably unselfish with his time. He takes advantage of every opportunity to meet with our students here at Iowa State in the plant sciences and to talk shop with them, and you can imagine what a thrill this is for them. He freely advises members of our faculty in charge of planning the continuing course of the World Food Institute. He is a responsible and respected citizen of the world, as well as of the State of Iowa. His knowledge is broad and deep. His concerns are equally broad and deep. Tonight we are fortunate to hear his views on food production in a fertile unstable world. I am happy to introduce a man we have admired and respected here at Iowa State University for many years, Dr. Norman Borlaug.\r\n\r\n- Thank you, Dr. Parks. Ladies and gentlemen, I would like to take you this evening with me on a short trip to look at some of the complex problems that relate to producing the food for 4 billion. And what's more a population that's growing at the rate of about 75 million more each year. In other words, Iowa of having, approximately I believe now, 3 million people The world is adding, essentially, 25 times the total population of Iowa, to the total population growth each year. That's the magnitude of the problems that confront us. Those are the demands that we must meet if we are going to produce and maintain a stable world in which all of you are young people especially will live. In the next four decades that I'm going to try to give you some insight into, from the standpoint of these interrelated needs. It's my firm belief that it's the moral right, for all who are born into this world to have six basic ingredients which are essential for a decent humane life. Now, this may sound rather rare to most of you who are privileged to live in an affluent nation, such as the USA. I start my list with food, and then a shirt over your back, and a roof over your head, and the job to gain your livelihood, and I'm convinced that the best medicine that God ever gave man and woman was constructive creative work. Then there's the basic necessity for schools to educate the young, so that they can develop their inherent potential to its maximum. And of course, medical care when we're ill. Today, of course in affluent nations, there are many other things that come into the picture that are considered of basic importance. Certainly in the USA, recreation would rank very high because there is now much time that we can dedicate to this with shorter work weeks and higher incomes which permits, travel, and all sorts of recreation, both indoor and outdoor. But for most of the underprivileged people in the developing nations they know not what the word recreation means. They are too busily engaged trying to scratch out and eek out a living. So that this has little significance in their set of values Today, we hear issuing from our high levels of government a great deal of talk about human rights. But human rights to dissent and to freedom of expression for most of the underprivileged people, in most of the developing countries has no significance until these six basic rights have been fulfilled and are at hand. So you see that there is a very great difference in the order of these values that are basic to human needs depending on where you sit from the standpoint of affluency. First, from the standpoint of countries and then also from the standpoint of the various sectors within an economy, within a single country. I'm going to confine most of my remarks to the question of food and population. And when you talk about food you have no choice except to talk also about population if your examination of the necessities of food is to be meaningful. They are two sides of the same coin, or they go together like the horse and carriage. Unfortunately, sometimes the carriage seems to get before the horse and everything gets confused and out of focus. Let's take a look at what has happened to population since the time of the first who. Which we in the Christian world, generally know as Adam and Eve. Just when they came onto Earth, the planet Earth, isn't entirely clear. The dates keep shifting farther and farther backwards, back and back. Based on the best archeological, anthropological evidence of today, most of it coming out of East Africa by the Leakey family, and many of their colleagues who have spent lifetimes digging for remains of human skulls and bones and habitats, where they lived. It looks like people similar to ours were roaming the earth at least 3 million years ago. But during this, most of the time from the beginning of 3 million years, up until our very recent historical or short time before written history, man lived largely as a hunter, gather and a fishermen. And it's only been within the last 10 to 12,000 years that agriculture was born. Looking at the population picture directly, probably when agriculture was born some 10 to 12,000 years ago, there were 15 million living people at that time. Since then, up until the time of Christ that population doubled four times to arrive at a total population at the time of Christ, which most demographers generally accept, of about 250 million people. It has doubled four times since the time of Christ. The first doubling from the time of Christ, from 250 million to 500 million, required 650 years. Life was getting a little better, food was somewhat more abundant and man and woman had learned to protect themself a bit better from the environment. But the second doubling from 1650 onward, only required 250 years, brought it to a billion in about 1850, which was the birth of a modern medicine in the sense that it was the discovery of the cause of infectious diseases. And soon after death rates, our death rate to begin to drop. The third doubling took only 80 years and was reached in about 1935, about the time of the advent of sulfa drugs, shortly before antibiotics, better vaccines, and again, death rate plummeted and life expectancy was greatly extended. And the last time it doubled from 2 billion to 4 billion, and we reached that either in late 1975 or early 76. And that's where we are now. Now, when we talk about food, we need to have some concept about how much food is required to feed this population of 4 billion, and what are the expectations of being able to produce enough of it to maintain stability, social, economic, and political in the next four decades, which I'm going to try to look into in a very general way with you in the next few minutes. When we considered food we must consider it from three standpoints. From the standpoint of biological need, which should be self-evident. Without food you can live only for a few weeks at best, assuming you entered the famine or starvation situation in good health. From an economic standpoint, the worth of food depends entirely on how long it's been since you had your last food and what the expectancies are for food in the future. And it depends, and this will vary greatly in different societies also. Let's take a look at the privileged USA. At the end of World War II, the average family, if you can identify such a thing in a way it's average from a standpoint of statistics, spend about 26% of their take-home pay on food after taxes. But with depressed food prices in the 50s and 60s as a result of overproduction then too, and increasing wages and incomes, the percentage of take-home pay spent on food dropped over the next couple of decades to about 16% by 1971. Then when there were food shortages that come onto the scene in 1972, they began to increase somewhat. And there was a great scandalous outcry, especially from the urban consumer who had forgotten after all, that food didn't come from the supermarket. That it costs money, in terms of capital investment to produce that food. And I am in many ways horribly shocked by the breakdown of communications here in the USA about the role that agriculture plays in the total economy of this country. During the last two or three years, I have taken it upon myself as I visit the US, to ask some questions, especially of urban residents, to find out how much they know, I'm not talking about technical things, but about agriculture and what it costs to produce food and how complex the total system is from the farm, the inputs that are required there from the standpoint of marketing storage distribution, until the food reaches here on our own table and especially in the cities. And I'm horrified by the lack of communication that seems, the void that seems to exist. I think that there's something wrong in the communication system. I don't know why it's so, and I don't pretend to understand it. Now from the political stand, when you look at this economic importance in the developing nations, you will see that most of those people in good years, when crops are good. The vast majority of those people will spend 75 to 80, 85% of their take-home pay on food. And in bad years, when the crops fail, it's all of their income and nothing left over and it's still inadequate. So you see that the important, economic importance, varies greatly with the social economic system in which you're living. And the political importance, of course, if you want to see what happens when stomachs go empty, and you can see this happen in all sorts of political system, it makes no difference whether it's a socialistic, communistic system, or whether it's a free enterprise system. To illustrate, think back of the devastating drought in the Sahel, four, five, six years ago, which you saw on your television screens, the misery and poverty and hunger, Six of those governments fell, is the result, more than anything else of the shortages of food and the misery and suffering of its masses. The results of one of this is still raging on the front pages of your papers. I'm referring to the situation in Ethiopia, which the deposed it's leader during that period, and now has a internal civil war going on that threatens to boil up and embroil a number of other countries. And time and again, when there's a shortage of food there's political instability, and when there's political instability in food deficit countries, I have learned firsthand that it's completely impossible to try to do anything then about increasing food production. Now, the production of this food is not simple. It's a complex problem that involves use of land, use of technology, that is developed through research and education extension systems to transmit this to the farmer himself. Let's remember always that it's the farmer who produces that food and the rancher. It is not, we agricultural scientist, if we are doing, or educators, if we're doing our job well, then we are sort of an assistant if you will, to those who actually produce the food. I think one of the reasons that there's this great problem with agriculture, and the lack of communications is the false idea that anyone is smart enough, intelligent enough to be a good farmer or a good rancher. This is absolute nonsense, and yet, I sense it everywhere about me in the world. Including in the developing nations, where among the privilege classes, including government leaders, this false attitude all too often prevails. There are two problems when we talk about food in this unstable world of ours, and it being the first basic necessity for peace and stability. One is to produce enough food, but equally important and equally complex is the problem of distribution of that food in an equitable form for those who need it. It seems to me that in the free enterprise systems they have great advantage in expanding and increasing food production and improving its agriculture. But I see many grave defects in their inability as a group to distribute the food equitably. And to do this, without destroying the initiative of those who receive the food in one form or another, to try to gain their own livelihood through creative work. What is the food production base of our world? I think that we inhabitants of the planet Earth for the most part are very egotistical. We think, and conceive of this, perceive of this planet, the Earth as an enormous thing, the center of our own solar system, of course we know this isn't so. But it's even worse than that, if we go out in the outside on a clear evening before sunset and see the sun goes down, and in a few hours begin to see our sister planets moving around about us, we think we're the all important part of this solar system, which we probably are. But in a couple of hours later, if we glance up into the heavens, if it's a clear cloudless night we see the vast number of stars, each one a sun like our own. Perhaps many of them with planets like ours, are rotating around about them. We look beyond and we see also the Milky Way and all that it implies. We are really nothing but a speck in the total universe, despite our self-centered egoism. In the total plan of things, our Earth is very small and besides that, it's got a lot of bad real estate. On the surface, about more than 3/4 of it, approaching 78 or 79% is water, most of it's salt water oceans Some is inland water, sweet waters and lakes. And we only have about 1/4 or less than that of land. And a lot of that land is bad real estate too when we come to examine it. As far as arable land that we classify as being suitable for agriculture, only 11% of the total land area is classified as suitable for agriculture. There's another 22% that's classified as suitable for grazing and animal industry. Now that adds up, both of those, to the total agricultural land, about 33% of our total land area. There is about 30% that's classified as forest land and woodlots, and the rest then, 37% is called other, I'm using the FAO data. Other means mostly wasteland, Arctic tundra, deserts, rocky mountain slopes with very little soil on them, or land, good agriculture land that was covered up by cities, pavement, highways and we continued to do this at an appalling rate in many parts of the world. Not only the USA, several millions of acres of good land goes out of production each year because it's easier and less costly apparently, to build on flat land than on the sloping land. At least this seems to be the case on the surface. But then if we look closer, at this land classified as arable, and I've got lots of reservations and forest land, and grazing land also, as to how accurate that classification is. In many lands, country's short of land, I've seen political leaders dividing up land to hand out to landless peasants, small family farms. The land is of such poor quality, generally, so short of moisture, rainfall, that it isn't capable of producing enough food for a good-sized family of grasshoppers, much less a hungry family of people. But it's classified then, once and for all, as arable land, once it's been divided. And so it is with grazing land, much of that land is semi-arid and has a very low carrying capacity. Perhaps it can carry one cow or steer on 100 or 150 acres, or even will require a larger area. So we have to be, the same is true of forestry. That forest land, you may find in many cases a few lonely Juniper or a pinyon pine out in marginal rainfall areas in a vast expanse of sagebrush. So be careful how you interpret this land base from the standpoint of food and fiber production. It's probably very overenthusiastic. How much food do we required to feed the world population of 4 billion? Using 1975 figures for all kinds of food, without correcting for moisture content, there was about 3.3 billion metric tons of food, of all of the diverse types produced in 1975 around the world. 98% of that food comes from the land and only 2% from this vast expanse of ocean and inland waters. The false idea seems to exist that once we run out of our ability to produce enough food on the land we will always be able to tap this largely unutilized ocean reserve. I had this brought home clearly that, to me just, a year and a little more than a year ago, when Philippe Cousteau, the son of Jean-Jacques Cousteau, and Philippie himself was raised from the time he was eight on the Calypso 1 with his daddy, the famous oceanographer. And he came to Mexico particularly, or specifically, to talk to us at our research station. He said, \"We need your help, we have overbuilt. The beauties of the sea, it's wild, it's a life of the sea, and we seem to have a falling into the trap that the food supply for the future is very great indeed from the ocean.\" And he said, \"We know as well as you know that this is not so.\" Now if we examine what's happened to the food production following World War II, up until about three or four years ago, we saw that the food catch, in other words, fish and crustaceans and other species from the ocean and the inland waters increased in a straight line, as long as we were developing better technology, better fishing fleets. But it leveled off at about 70 million tons and then started dropping for the species that are being utilized and harvested now. That doesn't mean that other species might not be used for food, or for meals for fattening or rations for livestock. But most authorities say that perhaps, we can double or triple the total take of food over two or three decades from the ocean. But that still will be a very small percentage of the total. That does not mean that there will not be great progress in aquaculture, in streams and ponds or in ponds and small lakes, and also in estuaries that can be fenced off and protected and cultivated like we would the land with modern technology of fish culture and fertilization and all of the other. But again, it's limited as to the total potential that we can think of. So it's going to be largely the land. Some of you will say, \"What about a single cell protein and fermentation of other products to produce protein?\" Yes, in small quantities, this is being done now, but for the long time future recognizing the built-in resistant to change in food habits for direct human food, I think it will be a long time before any substantial quantities of food for direct human consumption will come from this sort, so let's look at that the land. The biggest of this 3.3 billion metric tons produced in 1975, the most important key group of crops are the cereal grains. And when I say cereal grains, I mean wheat, rice, corn, sorghum, millet, oats, barley, and some other minor grains as well. They constitute approximately 1/3 of the total tonnage. But really much, a much more important part than is indicated by the total of 1/3 of the tonnage, because they are low in moisture content, compared to many of the other foods that are lumped together to give this global tonnage that I've referred to. In addition, of course there are many, but first let me mention why the cereals are particularly important from other points of view. Approximately 50% of all of the cultivated land area of the world, the arable land, is in cereal grains of one kind or another. And the importance of those various kinds of grains varies with climate and soil and different conditions, biological conditions, such as diseases and whatnot, that affect also distribution of the principle crops and food habits. In addition to the large amount of arable land that they occupy, they produce approximately 50% of the direct calorie intake in human diets around the world, and up to 62% in the developing nations that are not privileged enough to have high enough incomes to consume much meat or animal protein. Now as we look at the other kinds of foods let us, I do not wish you to misunderstand the importance of all the root crops, the potatoes and the yams, all the pulses and grain legumes, the peas and the beans and the chickpeas and lentils, nor the vegetables of very great numbers and diversity. The same is true of nuts and fruits, and of all of the animal products, as well as, I should've mentioned sugar, oil seeds, soy bean and mustard oil, and many others. And also animal products, meat, eggs, milk, and so on, and of course the fish, which come in the other category. All of them are important, but the cereal grains are the most important. About 40% of those in over the world are used to, they're fed to livestock to produce the eggs, meat, and milk. The remainder is used directly as food and that's the, population density bills in nations, you will find that there's a much higher percentage of the total grain produced is used directly for human consumption, rather than converted to animal protein. Now each year, because of this growth of something on the order of 75 million more people each year, in cereal grains alone, we have to increase world production about 30 million metric tons more. And how can we do this? By expanding the area under cultivation, or by increasing the yields in the areas now under cultivation, or by some combination of the two? This has been the history of expanding food production, from the beginning of time. If we were to increase the area of cereal culture sufficiently to produce these 30 million extra metric tons each year. We would have to open about 40 million acres more of land around the world, using average yield of all of the cereals on a worldwide basis. Now there are many countries where the food shortage is the gravest where there's a shortage of land and very little new land that can be brought under the plot, without huge investments in capital investments in irrigation systems and drainage systems. And frequently, this will need to involve agreements by several nations, which share part of the large watersheds of these large rivers. We can't meet the growing demand with this approach alone. Now, most of you from the United States, but I recognize that they're are present in the audience many students, especially from developing nations. Most of ill from the United States are very privileged indeed from the standpoint of its agricultural base We inherited, when the borders were drawn, a vast amount of good land with good climates that favored the development of agriculture. Creative and hardworking farmers that have improved themselves over the generations. Our government, at least over a period of 100, 150 years established and maintained agricultural policies that stimulated the development of our agricultural resources and permitted the growth in production and the efficiency that we take for granted today to make ourselves the largest exporter of food, by far of any nation in the world. Under our government policy, I would suppose that certainly one bit of legislation that to me was at least was fundamental, was the Homestead Act, which gave land free to individual families who settled on it and lived on it. and opened it to cultivation. And these sorts of things, were I am sure due to the vision of good political governmental leaders of that time. Just to show that it doesn't always happen, I have spent endless hours over the last three or four years in trying to get such a bit of legislation enacted in the vast central well-watered areas of Brazil, where many new or vast tracks are being opened. I'm a voice in the wilderness, and all of this is going into vast tracks of land and there are many landless people, despite this. We didn't make that mistake. We opened away, but very few countries, none really .had followed that fundamental and basic legislation. In the similar way, The land-grant colleges and universities, of which Iowa State University was one of the early ones, has played a vital role in developing the science and technology in agriculture, in the broad sense, home economics, mechanical engineering that backed up and improved the agriculture and food production potential of this nation. And also an act that followed somewhat later, which established the experiment stations and expanded the network on which the research has done that has become ever more effective in opening new horizons to agricultural production. In more recent years, the private sector, the agribusiness has played a vital role in improving our agriculture also. And that, again, in most of the developing nation has not happened either. Now we look at the developing nations. First of all, agriculture has no prestige. The best talent off the land, and in those countries, unlike our own, where today only, or less than 4% of our total population in the USA live on the land and work the land. Only approximately 4 million farm workers produce this abundance of food. In the developing nations, 75 to 80, 85, and even up to 90% of the people live on the land in a subsistence type of agriculture. They have no political clout, there's no prestige in agriculture. And I should have said also at the outset that if you want to look at the world at large, as to the number of people engaged in agriculture, it is approximately 50%, and they are the poorest people in the world at large also. Now going back to the developing nations, 70 to 90% on the land, mostly in subsistence agriculture, miserable standards of living, a stagnant production in agriculture, extremely low yields. There has been no new technology until very recently at least, very little agricultural research has been done. There are no effective extension systems to extend the new knowledge, were it there. Generally, the extension systems haven't functioned well in countries where there has been this type of organization, and generally you will find that it's not their fault. The research organizations have not been capable of developing new technology, that's worth applying. So the extension people are blamed, for not changing the traditional agriculture, but it comes back to the fault of the research organizations and agricultural policy of the governments of those countries. And I mentioned also, the lack of prestige, it's the lowest rung on the social economic ladder in all of those countries without exception. Any youth, woman or man who has talent wants to become a doctor, dentist, a lawyer, an engineer, a chemist, anything but an agricultural scientist. And so this is also a monstrous obstacle to overcome in trying to transform their agricultures. There's no availability of input, such as fertilizer, in most of these countries, and the land ownership is in a state of flux. Most of the properties are so small that they can never become really viable economic units. Now what do you do about this? Over the last third of a century I've struggled with this in many different countries, very ineffectively, not me alone, but my colleagues. The first foreign technical agricultural assistance program was established in Mexico in 1943. And it was at the suggestion of Vice President, late Vice President, Henry Wallace. And to him, I owe a great deal, for having sent me down this road. I knew him well and he always encouraged me to work in international agriculture. It was while he came to Mexico at the inauguration of the late President Avila Camacho in 1960. Following the inauguration, Vice President Henry Wallace was invited by the outgoing President, Lazaro Cardenas. And by the incoming secretary of agriculture, Marte R. Gomez, himself , to visit the old colonial central part of Mexico to look at their agriculture. After a few days there, when they returned to Mexico City, a formal request was made to the US Government for technical assistance to improve their agriculture, establish a network of agricultural experiment stations to find out what needed to be done to increase food production, and in the process also to train a whole new generation of young Mexican scientists. When Henry Wallace returned to Washington, this was about the 1st of December, and you will remember there was a little event called Pearl Harbor shortly after this, and of course, it was impossible to launch any of these kinds of programs with the shortage of manpower and all of the chaos that existed in the world at that time. But in any event, Wallace called the President of the Rockefeller Foundation, and he said, \"This request has been made to the US Government. In reflecting on it, I believe that it might be advisable for the Rockefeller Foundation, who has had 25 years of experience in working with 25 different governments around the world in trying to improve public health, by sending in sanitation engineers, entomologist and MDs. You'll have a lot of valuable experience, and we have none in the US Government in this field.\" A committee was sent and a decision was made to launch this program. Dr. J. G. Harrar and Dr. E. J. Wellhausen, both graduates of who received advanced degrees at Iowa State University, were the first two members of this program, I was the third. The former to have since retired, so I'm the old gray beard. I'm getting pretty rickety in the joints, but I'm still out there fighting the battle. Now it's been a real interesting experience in life's work and I've never regretted a minute of it, despite the fact that because of many criticisms everybody wants to create a utopia you see, and it looks so easy. It's kind of like coaching football from the sidelines , as a spectator. You know, Monday morning quarterbacks know all the easy ways that the game that was lost on Saturday or on Sunday could have been won, if they would've been the manager or coach. Well, it's like this in this kind of life's work also. But I've found that that's part of the challenge. And two criticisms that are aimed at you, I have tried to always develop a skin hide about is thickness that of an elephant. And it would be also very helpful if you could turn off your hearing, against lots of this criticisms, so you wouldn't get upset. But in any case, you go along and do the best you can. What do you do in these stagnant traditional agriculture? First, you've got to start with research. You've got to find out why the soil is so poor. Assuming that you're in areas that have adequate rainfall or that have irrigation. And of course, it's obvious that these soils have been mined, agriculture is old in most of these countries, the soil has been mined without returning any fertility to the soil over decades and hundreds of years. Production is at a very low level, starvation for all of the different organisms that are trying to live from that piece of land. It makes no difference whether you're talking about the wheat plant. Whether you're talking about the weeds that are growing between the wheat plants, they're equally miserable. Whether you're talking about the aphid, that's trying to eke out a living on that woody wheat plant, he's scrawny and emaciated and miserable also. Or the rust pustule that's trying to eek out a living on that green leaf, it can't create an epidemic either. And if it's so with all of these species, what's it like for the man and woman and the family trying to eke out a living at the end of the food chain? Pretty miserable and that's the way it is. And so we got to restore soil fertility. And the depletion of those nutrients is different in different soil types, in different climatic zones, and it requires experimentation to find out what factors are limiting, what fertilizer needs to be added in what proportions and when, and to do it as economically as possible. And I add without contaminating any more than necessary the environment. Once you have done this, then you have to improve your cultural practices, how you prepare your land, how you handle your moisture, trying to conserve it, whether it falls from the heavens, or whether it's applied from irrigation ditches, this becomes ever more important. How you control your weeds, in so far as possible, mechanically. And once you do this, you have to have a different variety of crop plant, whether it be wheat or corn, to utilize this improved set of conditions so that it will produce more grain, the part of the plant that humans and animals for the most part consume. We haven't learned yet to eat straw or cellulose from trees as human beings, I hope sometime we will soon get this race of man that can eat all of this paper, that the bureaucrats all around the world are generating in fabulous quantities. Also, much of that paperwork, it seems to be of pretty poor quality. So maybe if we could dispose of it this way just think how much easier it would be for all of the people who live on the farms and ranches, and also for all of the agricultural scientists and the professors are our, faculties of agriculture. Maybe they could go fishing and go golfing once in a while, instead of having their nose to the grindstone all of the time. And so that variety has to have high yield potential to utilize this improved set of conditions, to utilize more efficiently the fertilizer, to convert it to grain that can be used for human consumption or for producing animal products. It should have, as far as possible, built-in disease resistance and insect resistance, but this is easier said than done. These little shifty enemies are never ending a series of problems that threaten our world food supply, and were it as easy as it seems from the sidelines, we would have all of these problems solved. But these little enemies, mutate and change and they have a tremendously high reproductive potential. Just to show how it goes, if I remember correctly, one fertile female cabbage aphid, at the beginning of the spring of the year, if all of its survivors lived, there would be 1,560, and then 21 zeroes following it, following that 1,560, you add on the 21 zeros. That's the number of aphids that theoretically can be produced in one crop season from one fertile aphid. So is there any wonder why you cannot build in and maintain resistance to many kinds of insects that have this kind of a reproductive potential? It is for that same reason with certain kinds of viruses, like the ordinary flu or cold virus, that medical people have never been able to develop effective vaccines. Or that some of our animal vaccines, vaccines like for hoof-and-mouth disease, are only partially effective because the virus mutates and changes. And so it is, whenever you have a species that has such a reproductive potential, you breed a variety, it's wonderful for a few years, sooner or later, and nobody can predict when it becomes susceptible. It's might look easy from the sidelines, but it isn't out in the mud and sweat and grime of trying to protect our crop plants. So sometimes, and also when you're developing these varieties we have to find out how to control these insects and diseases. Not only by the varietal resistance, because sometimes this isn't feasible. By other methods, cultural practices and chemicals used in the proper way when necessary. And then we have to have an extension service in these developing countries. That's got the will and the experience and the background, that knows this new technology that's been developed on the stations. It's no use to do research if you can't extend it to produce more food. And there's too much research done in, and in some cases also in affluent nations, that never migrates to the countryside, it stays in the laboratories, or it stays in the experimentation stations for too long. This we can't permit in the developing nations with the urgency for more food production at the present time. So the extension demonstration programs becomes very important. And this new technology, once it's developed and has been checked out in many hundreds of places in a country, and this has to be done for each crop niche, soil type, has to then be married to what I call sound economic policy that will promote the production of more food. There has to be the availability of inputs, such as fertilizer at the village level, on time, right season of the year. There has to be credits, and this is especially true of the very small farmers, which are the majority in most of the developing nations, so that they can purchase this fertilizer. And in addition, there has to be a responsible organization of the market by the government to assure these farmers a reasonable price for their grain. Up until 10 years or so ago in the Orient, especially in South Asia, I saw this sad thing, the new technology would be adapted. It would be, the farmer would buy the fertilizer, he'd used the new varieties, his production would go up enormously, but who profited most? The grain buyer. The prices for grain and food deficit countries is always very high prior to the harvest. As soon as the harvest begins, it plummets. And the grain buyer, who incidentally in most cases also happens to be the money lender, has got a good thing going for him. He gets it coming and he gets it going. So we've had to battle these and fortunately, in countries such as India and Pakistan, many of these things that inhibited production have been at least eliminated, and are somewhat less bad than they were before. When you put all of these things together, sometimes it's gratifying to see changes that do take place. In the case of, I will cite a couple of cases, that of Indian wheat production. I began working at the invitation of the Government of India. And my first visit there was in 1960, I was invited back in 63 to have a look at their general problem. I thought I saw the possibilities of using much of the know-how, including the technology and the seeds that were developed in Mexico, in India. There was a great similarity of conditions and of the way wheat grows. To make a long story short, we started to collaborate with them, we put two of our scientific staff in India in 63. And in the short period of time, once we did all of this testing that I've mentioned to you and got some of the structure, organizational structure underway to stimulate production, I saw Indian wheat production go from 400 million bushels to a billion bushels in the short period from 1968 to 1972. Then production leveled off and actually dropped because they got into the same squeeze with OPEC. They imported virtually all of their petroleum and virtually all of their fertilizer at that time, so it dropped. But in the last two or three years it's going up again. The potential that is there, the potential, if there's the political whim will, and if there's the economic realism, and if the political will is not destroyed by our dumping of surplus grain under P.L. 480 type of loans. That is not the fault of the US taxpayers or of the US Government. But it is the abuse of the spirit of the rule with which this grain was given during the 60s and early 70s to food deficit nations The recipient government all too often took that grain and established sales outlets at ridiculously low prices. So low that the farmer could not afford to adopt their farmers, adopt the new technology. It defeated their own purpose. You see, again, it shows how tilted the political powers are in those developing nations. Despite the fact 70 to 90% of the people live on the land, the majority. And since most of them are free governments, presumably the power of the ballot box is in favor of this rural majority, vast majority, but it isn't so. The political policies are tilted towards the urban population of 20%. And the reason is that the urban population is organized, at least part of that urban population. There are trade unions that are well-organized that speak in a loud voice that's disproportionate to the part of the population that they represent. And that voice is heard by political leaders, to the negative effect, of the vast majority of the people in the countryside. So you'll have to recognize this and we have to try to manipulate this. You have to be a bit of a Dr. Jekyll and a Mr. Hyde when you're dealing with policy makers. These decisions are made at presidential, Prime Minister or Cabinet levels. And I suppose I've spent some of my most frustrating hours, but also some of my most productive hours in some of those conferences. And so it was in the period, when Indian wheat production made this fantastic jump. In the same period Pakistan wheat production doubled also. Much of this technology was transplanted from Mexico, checked out locally, modified to fit local conditions, and that's the first time any thing of this magnitude has ever been transferred halfway around the world so rapidly. That does not mean that the same time we didn't put in a vast reorganization in their own research programs to build a sound base on which to build for the future. The Indian wheat breeding program today is the largest and most diversified in the world. It has more scientists working there in that program, the same is true of a number of other crops. But it, in the next 10 to 15 years, the production of wheat and rice in those countries can be doubled again if the political will and the economic policies are right. I have severe doubts, question that this will happen. I could go on mentioning many of these different cases, I won't do this. I would like to say that, of course, whenever you'll make such a change, you don't create a utopia. We have been criticized for making the rich richer and the poor poorer, you've read it in many of the scientific journals. But let me give you a little insight on some of this also. You know, I've spent, I don't know how many millions of, I suppose it's approaching millions now, certainly thousands, many thousands of individual crosses between all kinds of wheat plants around the world and studied certainly hundreds of millions of individual plants, and I have never come up with a single wheat variety that will produce 10 tons per acre on a 10 acre farm, consequently, a 100 tons of grain on that small farm. And with the same technology produce one ton per acre on the 100 acre farm, so that both will come out at the end with 100 tons of grain. That would be very nice for a social scientist and a political leaders of these governments if it were to happen so if the wheat plant were politically-minded. it would remove from them the responsibilities of doing this nasty job of distributing the benefits. It doesn't work that way. So as we look ahead then we also here, and we have to contend with many things that are happening on the sidelines. There are those that believe we don't need any fertilizer, even on these worn out soils. They have never farmed, they have never known anything about, it looks so easy again, when you've never been in this problem production. They think that we're putting something back into the soil that was never there in the first place. And if you stop to think about phosphate and potash for example, these are nutrients that have been leached out of the soil, pretty largely in geologic times in the case of phosphate much of them develop, are deposited on the platforms of continental shelves. In the case of potash developed, deposited as brines, for example in the Dead Sea or in underground deposits. And what you are doing when you fertilize with phosphorus or potash, is that you are taking these natural deposits and putting them back on the land from which they came in geologic times. In the case of nitrogen, it's a bit different because this is a cycle that's going on with vegetation, green vegetation being produced, decomposed ammonia, and eventually nitrous oxide, nitrogen being released into the air, it's a continuous process. But it's also the first nutrient that is depleted. Without adding these and sometimes other minor elements in the right proportions for the different crops and the different soils, you can't increase production. There are some who think that because organic gardening is very effective, which it is, to grow three beautiful, stake tomato plants and six lovely rose bushes in your backyard. It's no darn good at all for trying to feed 4 billion people, I'll tell you that. The best artisans in the world, in the use of organic waste, and I don't mean it isn't important. Now the Chinese over a hundreds of years they have used all of the organic waste both human, animal and plant waste, decomposed it and put it back onto the land. Consequently, the yields without chemical fertilizer in the People's Republic of China, compared to that of India, where nothing or virtually nothing goes back onto the soil, of the organic waste. Were even worse because the forest have been depleted and denuded decades ago. The cattle dung is burned for fuel, so there's no return. There you can see that there's a difference in yield without chemical fertilizer, of something on the order of six to eight bushels of wheat, other factors being equal in favor of the Chinese situation. But never forget that in 1959, prior to that there was no chemical nitrogen or fertilizer for that matter, used in the People's Republic of China. Then they got very busy, and from 1959 until 1972 they had installed 1200 small anhydrous ammonia plants to convert to solid ammonium fertilizer, solid forms of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. And this was based on coal. But at the same time they began to import large quantities and before the OPEC embargo went on to petroleum, they were importing more nitrogenous fertilizer to go with their organic waste than any other nation in the world and it came from Japan. And when Japan suffered the embargo like the US on petroleum imports from the Arab countries. Inside of six weeks, the People's Republic of China made a decision to install 10 1000 ton a day, anhydrous ammonia plants with the corresponding urea converters. And they went and contracted the best engineering concerned in the world, Kellogg Engineering of Houston, Texas. That was the largest single investment ever made in chemical fertilizer plants. That's what they thought of the importance of fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, to meet the growing food needs. Without it they would never have made the progress that they have made. Were there enough organic waste, of animal waste let's say, to produce the amount of chemical nitrogen that's being used in the world today it would require about 3.2 billion tons of all kinds of animal manures dried down to low moisture content. And that would, you can visualize it as a highway built of these animal manures that would go around the earth, it'd be six feet in depth, and it would be something a bit wider than the length of an American football field, about 125, 325 feet across around the world at the equator. But in order to do that, we'd have to just about increase the, assuming that you could collect all of this, and most of it is dropped out into the ranges and pastures. and it's not collected, and could never be used for fertilizer in the first place. But you would have to increase large animal production by 60% and already one of the real problems of the world is overgrazing. So that isn't a feasible approach in the first place. Think of the cost, you'd be shipping 1 1/2% active ingredient of this volume and you can't get the job done in that way. Now, we also, of course, hear a great criticism today about the use, or are the methods that are used in modern agriculture to control pest and insects and diseases. I have mentioned already that resistant varieties alone will not work in all disease, it will work in some very well. Some organisms are stable and the resistance will be maintained for many years, even decades. But the most dangerous ones are highly variable, as I've mentioned, and a resistant variety remains resistant for only five or 10 years, in most cases, or even less in some cases. We can reduce losses by cultural practices, rotations, many of these things have been used for hundreds of years by traditional farmers. Today there's a great urge to solve all of these problems with biological control. Sometimes they work, rarely, to stabilize the situation for any long period of time. Sometimes they're fantastic for short periods of time. Again, because of variation in the organisms. When the European rabbit was introduced into Australia, a number of, quite a few decades back, it become one of the worst pests in Australia. Devoured vast amounts of forage, reduced consequently, the number of sheep and cattle that could be produced on the same amount of land. It competed with many of the herbivorous native animals and they tried trapping and poisoning and shooting ineffectively, it just overran everything. Finally, they brought in myxomatosis, myxoma virus, and it was released, it's transmitted by fleas into the wild rabbit population and it was spectacular. This was in the 50s, it decimated this population. 98% of the rabbits were killed, piles of, mountains of them. It looked like this was the solution. But it wasn't long before the rabbit population began to build up again, and what had happened was the virus had mutated. It had produced a more benign, less virulent form, when it was transmitted by the insect to the new young rabbits, wasn't very virulent enough to kill and many of them, consequently, developed an immunity just like you would get with a vaccine, to this new mutant. And then the virulent strain didn't work and the population built. Now it's a very complex integrated control that they use. They've been searching for, and actually, new virulent forms of the virus, they build them up in the laboratories and when they suspect, they use trapping and poison and hunting as well and they more or less maintained control, but the biological control alone was not the solution. And we saw this happen in our own Western forest here, when some of the people who thought it was easy yo use biological control on the tussock moth back in 72 and 73 decided, or when the forest service and the state conservation departments were attempting to use insecticides to destroy this devastating epidemic that defoliated about 400,000 acres of Douglas fir, lowland white fir, and a number of other first species. They were sure that there was no need to spray with poisonous insecticides that would create a bad impact on the environment. And so the treatment, the idea was that the second year a certain bacterium and a certain virus will takeover, which frequently had reduced the population of these, of this insect. But in 73, it wasn't so because of ecological conditions that probably didn't favor these predators. And so what happened? The 400,000 acres were defoliated a second time, and it happened to be a very dry year. One defoliation generally won't kill a Douglas fir. But the second time complete defoliation on the 400,000 acres and it spread to 300,000 acres more. And being a dry year, virtually all that was defoliated the second time died, much of a 60, 40, 60 year old timber. That was a pretty costly mistake. We never know about when biological control alone will do the job and when it won't. We need to combine it with other things, it should be used and in agriculture too. Leave the predators and parasites. Control the insect pest up to the time when they're out of control. And then you have to go to chemical control to supplement this. And it needs to be done in an orderly way, monitoring what's happening to both the population of the damaging insect, and also the predators and pests. And when we use chemicals, for whether they be insecticides or weed killers, we need to use them like we do with medicine. If you're got an infection, you go to a doctor, if he's a good doctor he'll diagnose what that infection is and he'll probably give you an antibiotic or some other medicine that will alleviate that infection and make cure you entirely. If you misuse it, that same medicine may kill you and so it is with the agricultural chemicals. They have to be used to carefully and in the right way. Sometimes also, some of our officials who've never dealt with these problems. And I mentioned this because CAST, the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology was conceived by your Dr. Black here, and he has been a pioneer, he was the first president and continues to be active in this organization to explain agriculture and technology to the general public. It so happened that about six months ago, one of our undersecretaries, I should, I shouldn't call him undersecretaries, he didn't that when I called him that a few months ago. Assistant secretary of agriculture was saying that many of these problems, especially on weed control, could be handled in another way. We had all of these unemployed people and certainly they could go out and help to control all of these weeds in our agricultural crops and we wouldn't need to use chemical weed control agents. And he apparently didn't do much calculations, but when CAST did this calculations and I saw it, I just couldn't believe my own eyes assuming that it would, if you could get them. A 10 hour day during the peak season when you would have to control all the weeds in the US corn crop, you would need to pay $26 and a bit more per day for each of these workmen. In order to cover the area that's under US corn cultivation, you would need to have a workforce of 17 1/2 million workers on the end of a hole. And you would have to work for six weeks to get over this little corn patch of ours. When a sub secretary of agriculture makes this kind of a recommendation, he hasn't looked very deeply into the basics that are involved. Nevertheless, there are some very interesting new techniques that are coming onto the scene that can be used in an integrated control of insects and especially. And I'm fascinated by the biological control, well, it's sort of a twisted biological control of the screw worm, which is a tropical screwworm which attacks all of our domestic livestock, also wild game, all kinds of wild game, warm-blooded, in overwinters in Mexico and also in the Southern US. Dr. Knipling, formerly the Head of Entomology of the ARS and Dr. Bushland, a tremendous scientist also, worked out a technique where they could, this insect lives only in living tissues, normally. It enters in any wound of any animal, including the natal calves at birth, or any wild animal, or when you de-horn, or when you castrate, or when there's an injury that breaks the skin. The fly oviposits, and in a few days the toxins produced, and the secondary effects kills them. It was widely established, originally in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico in the United States. Then it had spread in more recent times to Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and into the some of the Caribbean islands. They worked out a technique where they could culture artificially, with artificial media this fly in large numbers, and they could sterilize these with the radiation, cobalt bomb and still have the insect live. And they distributed these first in test areas in a small island in the Caribbean, and they eradicated it. But in order to use this kind of approach you will have to have a non-promiscuous female, as the species that you're trying to use. A female that will mate only once and the screwworm fly is of this kind. And so when these males were sterilized with the cobalt bomb, they were dropped out of the airplanes, a vast percentage of the females mated with these sterile males. I shouldn't say sterile, it's not quite so. Fertilization took place, the eggs were laid, but the embryo died before it hatched. When this was repeated for several periods, several generations, the population was eliminated first in the islands, then across Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eventually across Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and the US was free several years back. This was done jointly by the US Government, the state governments and the Cattlemen's Association, a beautiful job of collaborative effort. But the flies came back from Mexico. So the joint program was set up in Mexico to clean out the several 200 miles along the border. More recently through a joint enterprise set up a year ago between the two governments down in the narrow. is most unwanted back* where Mexico narrows, the largest breeding laboratory and treating laboratory in the world has been established. It produces 200 million flies a week. They sterilize them and they're spreading them across the country. This is the first time that this kind of approach has been used effectively and it's a beautiful job and involves no chemical. But do not get the idea that this can be used on all insects when the female is promiscuous and mates more than once, forget about it. And more recently, there's some interesting things going on on female perfumes, called pheromones. Apparently the female generates this perfume that attracts the male and he can smell it from tremendous distances. How to utilize it in effective control programs hasn't been worked out yet, but these are new things that may pay off in the future. What I'm trying to say is that we have to use an integrated approach. Many of these have been used in the past. There's no simple solution to all of these problems, they are very complex indeed. Now in, more recently, of course, we've got integrate controversies. and I think many of them are very sad about pollution of the air, water, and environment because they've become emotional issues. When we have tried, when we should have tried to use our best science and common sense and put them together in effective ways to reduce the pollution to levels that we can tolerate. Remember that pollution is very directly related to the number of we naked apes also, human beings. And the more we are, the more pollution of various kinds we're going to have. And for those who are very interested in the utopian environment, I would suggest that they spend at least half of their time also on the family planning population front. And I will say here and now that I suppose I spend 1/3 of my time in recent years working with all of these kinds of groups in an educational way, trying to point out the problems that will be coming in the decades ahead, unless we are wise enough to anticipate many of these complex interrelationships that grow ever worse with increasing density of population and pressure on the land. You would think that, the worst pollutant, as far as I'm concerned, is the one of pessimists and negativism that has crept in with many of these programs. They have poisoned the minds of many of our youth, this is tragic. Despite the fact that we live a longer, more healthful and more pleasant life than our fathers and grandfathers and mothers, grandmothers, great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers, we think that we're all about to be poisoned out of existence the day after tomorrow. And it just isn't so. And we hear lots of nonsense about the ozone layer being destroyed. It's being destroyed by your fluorocarbon carbon hairsprays, by my shaving cream sprays or dispensers. The SST Concorde was supposed to be destroying them but you never at the same time heard much criticism about the supersonic fighters that are all around the world up in that same strata. Now the nitrogen that's being liberated from fertilizer and from decomposing organic waste is supposed to be destroying the ozone layer so we're all supposed to, sometime in the unforeseeable future. Be getting enough ultraviolet light, which creates mutations so that we're almost certain to, most of us get cancer from that source, as well as from all of the contaminants in the air and water and food that we're supposed to be acquiring every day of our life. My way of looking at these things is that if that system were that unstable, none of us would be here. There probably wouldn't have been any human species walking around on this Earth. And at the worst, if it were to happen, maybe the populations of the world would in 10, 20, 100 generations would have darker skin. Maybe that would be good too. So instead it would be a natural selection process because this will resist UV better than these pale faces like myself. Then we have such things that crept into our laws, such as the Delaney Clause of the Food and Drug Act of 1958. Which seems to have led us to try to inject our experimental animals with as big a dose as possible of all kinds of chemicals, but don't kill them too fast because then they won't, don't put too much of it in at one time because then they won't have time to develop a tumor or a cancer. But just keep them alive and see if he'll develop a cancer and then you ban the product. I wish that, and of course these sorts of things have gone on in saccharin, irrespective of the need of this for diabetics. It's going on in some of our colorants, it's going on now in your hair dyes, it's going on in insecticides. Yet we sort of seem to ignore one of the best proven carcinogens of all. In 1964, there was 511 billion cigarettes smoked per year. It's gone up to 600 billion now. And we can keep looking around to see if we can seem to find some better kicks that might be better carcinogens that we can smoke and use in various ways. We're kind of a curious being. Now we've got a law that I think was a good one, that's been prostituted in one of the most disgraceful sort of ways, the Endangered Species Act. I like wildlife, I would like to keep all of them around about us in so long as possible, recognizing that people pressure is the greatest menace to those species. This law, which was an excellent one conceived as it was, has been used now to block, for example, the Tellico Dam in the Tennessee Valley because somebody was able to put on this endangered species list the snail darter, he's a little fish about so big. And he's reputed to only inhabit about 10 miles of this stream, where the dam, which was 80% completed, it's $116 million dam, and that's what it was programmed to be, but this dam's construction has been delayed now for about a year and a half. And now there's a mad rush on to get as many species, anything you'd like on that list, whether it merits being placed there or not. A well-conceived necessary bit of legislation that has been misused with tongue-in-cheek. A few weeks ago I said that the one thing that we should certainly try to do is to prevent the disappearance of one of the most important human diseases that has left a great impact on our total society worldwide. The World Health Organization of the United Nations, twice in the last year and a half has said that the smallpox virus is on the verge of disappearing from the world. Wouldn't it be tragic if we didn't preserve this as a species that's on the verge of extinction? Recognizing a role that it has played in the development of our society. Why wouldn't it be much better if we hadn't gotten to the point where we spend so much of our energies and so much of our resources in lawsuits, rather than in improving wild, expanding wildlife refuges, improving the habitats for our wildlife, planting more trees, replanting eroded lands, and all of these kinds of activities? But it doesn't seem that it works that way. And I think perhaps in closing, these words from one of my favorite philosophers, Will Durant, who now must be approximately 90 years old, said this about the human predicament and his insight into our curious behavior. I quote, \"Man's capacity for fretting is endless and no matter how many difficulties we surmount, no matter how many ideals we realize there is a stealthy pleasure in rejecting mankind or the universe as being unworthy of our approval.\" And then on another occasion, he said this, which I think tells a lot about us also as individuals and also collectively, he said, and I quote again, \"When I was 20, I knew everything and my father knew nothing. When I was 30 I was surprised to see how much my father had learned in those past 10 years.\" And he said, \"Now at 76,\" and he feels the same way now, I saw him last year at the White House, he says, \"Now at 76, I know nothing. So education is really nothing more than a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.\" I thank you.\r\n\r\n- Thank you very much, Dr Borlaug. Every time we have the opportunity to visit with you, or to hear you make more formal remarks as you have this evening, our pride continues to grow and grow. Our pride in you and your achievements and in your great humanitarian instincts, which continue to march to the front, not only in your words, but in your deeds. I have looked at Dr. Borlaug's schedule for the next two days and I can assure you, and he will be with us these next two days, I assure you he is going to meet with a lot of groups, a lot of committees, a lot of student clubs and just about everybody else on campus that shows an interest in his work. The only bit of recreation I see on his schedule is as an old wrestler from Cresco and Minnesota I think he's gonna attend a wrestling match with Ohio State Friday evening. So to show some humanitarian instinct on my part, I've been generous enough accourt our governor and our speaker humanitarian instincts, I will show one of my own and not open the floor to questions to Dr. Borlaug this evening because I think he has worked very hard and he will continue to do so for the next few days. Now I'm not entirely sure how you bring one of these sessions to a close, the ritual has its place. and in graduations, those of you who come sometimes know that I have a little notebook. And this notebook at the proper place says with a benediction by the reverend so-and-so, \"I declare the fall quarter at an end.\" We don't have a benediction this evening, but with great gratitude, to you Dr. Borlaug, and great pride in your achievement, we do pronounce this annual lecture of the World Food Institute to a close. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/43857/file/116920#t=0.0,6278.6351"}]}]}]}