{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/mc8rb6wr6d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Weston, Burns H., What New World Order? Lessons from the Gulf"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV204009 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["What New World Order? Lessons from the Gulf is an April 4, 1991 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Burns Weston. Burns Weston questions the validity of United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 authorizing the Gulf War.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. 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there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=16.55,18.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And although originally he's from the East coast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=18.47,21.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by looking at the dates on his vitae,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=21.31,26.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it appears that he is approaching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=26.43,27.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a quarter of a century in this state now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=27.97,30.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He is very interested in international law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=30.84,34.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has been instrumental not only in Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=34.62,38.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in developing concerns for this area, but he has produced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=38.15,43.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a major book that I was noticing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=46.29,49.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reading a curriculum guide the other day that is used","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=49.23,52.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many of the major university courses on international law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=52.79,56.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and world order studies throughout the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=56.44,59.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was published in 1984.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=60.31,63.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's \"Toward Nuclear Disarmament and Global Security:","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=63.16,66.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A Search for 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1990,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=72.11,74.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Alternative Security: Living Without Nuclear Deterrence.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=74.087,78.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Weston has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=80.44,81.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"his Doctor of Jurisprudence degree from Yale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=81.73,85.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although he began, as I noticed, in music at Oberlin,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=87.52,90.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is intriguing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=91.56,93.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that may be why he, when his daughter 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Song\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=111.01,114.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because Burns Weston is more than just an academic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=114.76,118.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he carries his 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Iowa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=128.49,130.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to speak to us tonight about the global order,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=130.26,133.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The New Global Order? question mark, Lessons from the 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recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=297.24,299.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"entitled \"The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations\".","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=299.72,304.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in this 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authority,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=550.45,552.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The International Court of Justice, not withstanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=552.6,555.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And though it's much in need of 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confrontation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=590.62,594.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and therefore raising in my judgment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=594.77,596.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exceedingly troublesome questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=596.69,598.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the extent to which the UN was true","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=598.93,601.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to its own originally intended Charter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=601.73,604.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fell alarmingly short of what minimally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=605.73,608.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should have been required","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=608.81,610.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when fundamental community policies and values are at stake,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=610.8,614.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as indeed they were in the Persian Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=614.53,617.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Contrary to the popular wisdom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=619.22,621.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of self-congratulatory post-war euphoria","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=621.77,625.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which we are currently basking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=625.17,627.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that has been dominant for the last month or so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=628.6,631.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Resolution 678 decision process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=632.44,635.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not legitimate in my view, at least not legitimate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=635.16,638.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in an aspirational sense, and therefore not laudable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=638.93,642.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly not comforting as a preview,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=642.76,645.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it may be called that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=645.82,647.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the New World Order that we are told lies in store.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=647.67,652.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this is seen in four principal ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=652.48,654.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I wanna run you through these","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=654.86,656.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so you get a sense of what I'm trying to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=656.95,659.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Seen first in what I call the indeterminacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=659.96,663.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Resolution 678's legal authority;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=663.66,666.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"secondly, in the great power pressure diplomacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=667.66,670.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that marked its adoption;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=670.45,671.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thirdly, in its wholly unrestricted character;","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=673.11,678.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and lastly, in the Council's hasty retreat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=678.12,682.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from non-violent sanctioning alternatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=682.2,684.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would have been permissible under it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=684.503,686.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, let me try to take each one of these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=687.98,689.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and first the so-called indeterminate legal authority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=689.64,693.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Resolution 678, and this is the most technical point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=693.1,695.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I will not dwell long on it, but let me summarize it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=695.92,699.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by saying this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=699.59,700.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=702.76,703.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have parsed the provisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=704.98,707.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United Nations Charter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=707.56,709.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the key provisions of the Charter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=709.09,711.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm referring in particular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=711.05,712.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Chapter VII of the UN Charter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=712.3,714.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is that part of the UN Charter that provides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=714.04,717.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the peacekeeping, if you will, structure of the UN","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=717.42,722.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"under the aegis of the Security Council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=723.82,726.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after you've gone through those provisions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=726.95,729.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"analyzed the text,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=729.44,731.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after you've looked at their legislative history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=732.01,734.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it were, as to how they got drafted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=734.33,736.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after you look at the the precedent that has been 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interpreted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=743.16,744.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what you discover is that there is neither an explicit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=747.05,751.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nor even a clearly implicit authorization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=751.37,755.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"revealed for what the UN Security Council did","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=756.56,760.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Persian Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=760.27,761.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That gives me pause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=764.87,766.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And when I discovered this, I decided, well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=768.36,771.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe I should call up the Legal Adviser's office","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=771.21,773.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the State Department, because they had a major hand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=773.26,776.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in drafting this particular resolution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=776.04,778.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maybe they know something I don't know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=779.44,781.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe they hiding something I haven't been able to detect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=781.53,784.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I and a group of students at various times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=784.46,786.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would periodically call up various members","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=786.81,791.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Legal Adviser's office to the State Department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=791.52,794.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is in effect the blue ribbon legal panel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=794.69,797.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the State Department.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=797.65,799.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Conflicting answers, run arounds, we won't tell yous,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=801.6,806.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all kinds of responses like that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=806.53,808.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but nobody came out and said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=808.41,809.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, the authority is based on X.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=809.61,812.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Nobody would say. That gave me pause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=812.93,816.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it gives me a lot of pause when, as in this instance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=818.34,823.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the stakes were quite literally a matter of life and death,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=823.69,828.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and potentially, as we look back to November 29 at least","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=828.05,832.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from that perspective on a very grand scale indeed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=832.48,836.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now some of you may be asking in this connection,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=838.96,841.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, what about Korea?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=841.44,842.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Didn't we pull it all together in Korea?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=843.75,847.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Didn't the Security Council create a precedent for us there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=847.06,850.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, at first blush the answer to that is, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=850.96,853.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It seems like there was a precedent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=853.6,855.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That quite possibly was what the Security Council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=855.49,858.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was following in this instance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=858.66,860.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=861.34,862.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that both on a basis of an analysis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=865.81,868.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Article 39 of the Charter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=868.1,869.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is what was the provision","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=869.67,871.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that authorized the Korean police action,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=871.02,874.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the basis of conversations with some of these 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fine-tuned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1104.52,1109.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"prove salutary over the long run.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1109.9,1112.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But when human life,\n(impassioned pounding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1114.12,1118.015"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when human life and other fundamental values","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1118.015,1121.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being put greatly and severely at risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1121.03,1124.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as surely they were when Resolution 678 was adopted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1125.67,1130.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it seems to me not inappropriate to insist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1132.83,1137.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"upon unambiguously articulated war-making authority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1137.6,1142.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We would never tolerate such ambiguity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1144.53,1146.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our own legal system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1146.85,1148.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That the Security Council did not choose that course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1150.49,1155.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bespeaks in my view either extreme laxity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1155.1,1159.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or negligence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1160.73,1161.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or more likely a Council majority motivated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1163.81,1168.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more by the special geostrategic interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1168.31,1171.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Resolution 678 principal drafters,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1171.4,1174.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"namely the United Kingdom in the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1174.22,1176.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it was by a world constituted instrument","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1177.45,1180.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"created in important part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1180.82,1182.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I quote here from the preamble of the Charter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1182.57,1185.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"to establish conditions under which justice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1185.257,1188.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and respect for obligations arising from treaties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1188.49,1191.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other sources of international law can be maintained.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1191.18,1195.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I submit a New World Order deserves better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1195.98,1198.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me turn out to how all this came about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1201.59,1204.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what I refer to as the great power pressure diplomacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1205.66,1208.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"behind Resolution 678.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1208.61,1211.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a little less technical,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1211.11,1213.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a little more understandable perhaps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1213.23,1215.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a televised announcement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1217.87,1219.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"two days after Resolution 678 was adopted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1219.66,1222.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the government of Iraq denounced the resolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1223.42,1226.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the grounds that the United States had succeeded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1226.27,1228.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in turning the Security Council into, and I quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1228.77,1231.497"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"a tool of American hegemony, a theater for dirty deals,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1231.497,1236.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this being a reference to Resolution 678","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1238.55,1241.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having been drafted in large part by U.S. personnel","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1241.44,1245.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as well to the not inconsiderable bargaining","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1245.9,1248.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that characterized the intense and successful U.S. effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1248.28,1251.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assure a favorable vote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1251.05,1254.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, considering the source of the allegations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1255.42,1257.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you might be understandably disinclined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1259.32,1261.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take them very seriously,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1261.93,1264.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and instead to endorse the viewpoint that was expressed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1266.16,1270.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in \"The Washington Post\" in an editorial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1270.52,1272.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the date after Resolution 678 was adopted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1272.85,1277.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I quote to wit, \"that the bargaining fell well,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1277.74,1282.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excuse me, \"within accepted norms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1282.66,1285.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the objective gained was special.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1285.52,1289.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Translate that to mean good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1289.12,1291.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1295.06,1295.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Similar self-interest tactics characterize the U.S. effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1298.358,1301.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to obtain multilateral support for the action in Korea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1301.41,1305.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if Washington is serious about a New World Order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1307.93,1312.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shows a decent respect for all the purposes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1312.34,1314.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and principles for which the United Nations stands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1314.79,1318.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it desirably should have thought further","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1318.1,1319.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the tactics it employed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1319.84,1321.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To ensure the votes of the Latin 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Hama","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1542.37,1545.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to repel the butcher of Baghdad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1545.97,1549.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to conclude that when using the 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won,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1589.27,1592.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while perhaps legally correct in the technical sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=1592.76,1596.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"confirms how absolutely complete the 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Western","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2498.937,2501.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly American persons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2501.71,2503.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and institutions 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people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2556.46,2558.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their property,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2558.32,2559.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the near apocalyptic 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coercion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2775.18,2776.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it's true precisely when non-military means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2779.24,2782.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been exhausted and precisely when military 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differ,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2790.09,2792.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it seems scarcely an exhaustion of non-violent options","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2794.99,2798.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have had a high ministerial level meeting only once","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2798.78,2802.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between Aziz and Baker for only six hours","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2803.69,2808.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and subject to the following Presidential instructions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2808.22,2811.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I quote, \"no negotiations, no compromises,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2811.78,2816.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no attempts at face-saving and no rewards for aggression.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2816.63,2820.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surely in the face of a major threat","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2822.06,2824.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to human life and other important values,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2824.29,2827.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is right to expect more,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2828.73,2830.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"that extra mile,\" as President Bush called it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2831.417,2834.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which turned out to be in the Persian Gulf, very short.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2835.69,2840.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One can insist, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2842.64,2843.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as did British Foreign Secretary Hurd,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2843.99,2847.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is wrong to negotiate with a burglar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2847.11,2850.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the analogy is simplistic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2851.8,2854.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not just, I might add","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2855.41,2856.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it overlooks the common practice of plea bargaining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2856.71,2860.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which aims at conserving energy and resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2860.99,2863.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without sacrificing principle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2863.27,2864.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is endemic to all legal systems everywhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2864.27,2867.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When the burglar is heavily armed, as Iraq was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2869.39,2874.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in part because the police chief had been complicit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2874.17,2876.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the process and especially when the fate of millions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2876.84,2881.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are potentially at stake in a circumstance of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=2881.57,2885.233"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28045/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/045/original/AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_a.vtt?1622637766","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/045/original/AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_a.vtt?1622637766"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28046","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131/transcript/28046/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- The World Order Lessons from the Gulf. Our speaker this evening is Professor Burns Weston from the University of Iowa. He teaches law there. And although originally he's from the East coast, by looking at the dates on his vitae, it appears that he is approaching a quarter of a century in this state now. He is very interested in international law and has been instrumental not only in Iowa in developing concerns for this area, but he has produced a major book that I was noticing and reading a curriculum guide the other day that is used in many of the major university courses on international law and world order studies throughout the United States. This was published in 1984. It's \"Toward Nuclear Disarmament and Global Security: A Search for Alternatives\". More recently, another book has come out in 1990, \"Alternative Security: Living Without Nuclear Deterrence.\" Professor Weston has his Doctor of Jurisprudence degree from Yale. Although he began, as I noticed, in music at Oberlin, which is intriguing. And that may be why he, when his daughter suggested the following lead into this book, he accepted so readily. The quote is \"Emancipate yourself from mental slavery. None but ourselves can free our minds,\" from Bob Marley \"The Redemption Song\". Because Burns Weston is more than just an academic, he carries his expertise out to the world in a variety of ways. One of the ways is coming to Ames, Iowa to speak to us tonight about the global order, The New Global Order? question mark, Lessons from the Gulf. Burns Weston.\r\n\r\n- Can you hear because when I was sitting down there, it was very hard to hear. If I stand back from the mic, does that help, or is it still fuzzy? If some of you would like to move up closer to the front and feel more intimate, that's fine if you'd like to do that. Thank you very for your kind introduction. What I wanna do tonight is to address the question of this so-called New World Order that President Bush has been talking about, not so much from the standpoint of trying to predict what he means, trying to outline the contours of that order as it might unfold, but rather to look upon the last roughly six months of decision-making that led up to and ultimately involved us in hostilities in the Persian Gulf to see whether through the process of decision that was what marked these last six months so dramatically, whether there's something in that that we can draw by way of lesson to indicate what this future New World Order is supposed to be all about. I'll try to avoid as best I can some of the technical legal aspects of it, although those are important, and address those issues which, for an audience not trained in the law, as I assume most of you are not, will be easier to understand, but I do wanna begin with a quotation from a new book, by a colleague of mine who is a professor of international law at NYU and also the editor-in-chief of \"The American Journal of International Law\" on the board of editors of which I sit, because he wrote a book recently, entitled \"The Power of Legitimacy Among Nations\". And in this book, he tried to define the concept of legitimacy as it applies to rules and institutions applicable among states in the global community. And I think it's important to have this by way of background so that we can understand the significance of what in fact has happened in the last roughly six months. Bear with me. It's a rather convoluted statement, and then I'll try to translate it for you. \"Legitimacy,\" he writes, \"is a property of a rule or a rule-making institution, which itself exerts a pull toward compliance on those addressed normatively because those addressed believe that the rule or institution has come into being and operates in accordance with generally accepted principles of right process.\" Now translated what that all boils down to saying is that you might have a rule that might be perfectly lawful in a technical sense, but it might not be legitimate because it might not have emanated from an authority or through a process that would be considered acceptable as to how one creates those rules and institutions. In other words, we all know when something is illegitimate because we know that the process by which we got from A to B was somehow wrong. It didn't comport with generally accepted notions of right process. Now in authorizing the use of force against Iraq via Resolution 678 of November 29 of this last year, which was the one you'll recall that had the deadline of January 15 and had the statement in it about using all necessary means to force Saddam Hussein out of Kuwait, in authorizing the use of force in that resolution, in my judgment, the UN Security Council flirted precariously with generally accepted principles of right process. Eschewing direct UN responsibility and accountability for the consequences of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait and also a subsequent occupation in favor of a delegated and essentially unilateralist determination and orchestration of world policy coordinated and controlled basically by the United States, in my view, this decision and the process by which it was reached set a dubious precedent, both for the United Nations as it obtains today, and for the New World Order President Bush claims for tomorrow. Now this is not to say that Iraq did not deserve to be called legal account or that the Security Council lacked the legal competence to delegate the use of force in this instance, or even for that matter, that it's licensed to wage war was necessarily illegitimate in Professor Franck's rather limited qualified sense of legitimacy. When he adds the adjectives generally accepted principles of right process, that qualifies it enormously. On the contrary, Iraq committed international crimes of a Nuremberg type. The Security Council, at least in practice, is the final arbitrary of its own authority, The International Court of Justice, not withstanding. And though it's much in need of restructuring to rectify historic anachronisms, especially relative to UN operations in the third world, the Security Council is likewise its own court of last resort when it comes to defining its right process under the United Nations Charter. But it is to say that the overall process of decision that mark the Security Council's determination to authorize war involving, in my view, a discernible thirst for confrontation and therefore raising in my judgment exceedingly troublesome questions about the extent to which the UN was true to its own originally intended Charter, fell alarmingly short of what minimally should have been required when fundamental community policies and values are at stake, as indeed they were in the Persian Gulf. Contrary to the popular wisdom of self-congratulatory post-war euphoria in which we are currently basking and that has been dominant for the last month or so, the Resolution 678 decision process was not legitimate in my view, at least not legitimate in an aspirational sense, and therefore not laudable and certainly not comforting as a preview, if it may be called that, of the New World Order that we are told lies in store. And this is seen in four principal ways, and I wanna run you through these so you get a sense of what I'm trying to say. Seen first in what I call the indeterminacy of Resolution 678's legal authority; secondly, in the great power pressure diplomacy that marked its adoption; thirdly, in its wholly unrestricted character; and lastly, in the Council's hasty retreat from non-violent sanctioning alternatives that would have been permissible under it. Now, let me try to take each one of these, and first the so-called indeterminate legal authority for Resolution 678, and this is the most technical point. And I will not dwell long on it, but let me summarize it by saying this, that after you have parsed the provisions of the United Nations Charter, the key provisions of the Charter, and I'm referring in particular to Chapter VII of the UN Charter, which is that part of the UN Charter that provides for the peacekeeping, if you will, structure of the UN under the aegis of the Security Council after you've gone through those provisions, analyzed the text, after you've looked at their legislative history, as it were, as to how they got drafted, after you look at the the precedent that has been set since 1945 in San Francisco, the way they've been interpreted, what you discover is that there is neither an explicit nor even a clearly implicit authorization revealed for what the UN Security Council did in the Persian Gulf. That gives me pause. And when I discovered this, I decided, well, maybe I should call up the Legal Adviser's office of the State Department, because they had a major hand in drafting this particular resolution, and maybe they know something I don't know. Maybe they hiding something I haven't been able to detect. So I and a group of students at various times would periodically call up various members of the Legal Adviser's office to the State Department which is in effect the blue ribbon legal panel for the State Department. Conflicting answers, run arounds, we won't tell yous, all kinds of responses like that, but nobody came out and said, well, the authority is based on X. Nobody would say. That gave me pause. And it gives me a lot of pause when, as in this instance, the stakes were quite literally a matter of life and death, and potentially, as we look back to November 29 at least from that perspective on a very grand scale indeed. Now some of you may be asking in this connection, well, what about Korea? Didn't we pull it all together in Korea? Didn't the Security Council create a precedent for us there? Well, at first blush the answer to that is, yes. It seems like there was a precedent. That quite possibly was what the Security Council was following in this instance. The problem is that both on a basis of an analysis of Article 39 of the Charter, which is what was the provision that authorized the Korean police action, and on the basis of conversations with some of these people in the Legal Adviser's office, plus I can assure you a great deal of digging around in UN records and trying to trace the whole hidden history of the Korean war, this particular action wasn't based upon the Korean episode. And well, it might not have been for some very good reasons because even if it is factually familiar in character, it's a shaky precedent at best. By virtue of President Truman having deployed air and sea forces before military sanctions had been authorized by the by the Security Council, in the case of Korea, the Council had the vote sanctions or put itself in the position of opposing action taken by the United States. And for governments independently and collectively dependent on American largess and American fait accompli strategy, a short, quick and essentially quiet acquiescence on the part of the United Nations and its Security Council in the case of Korea, and accordingly so-called United Nations forces were made subject to General MacArthur without in any way General MacArthur being made subject to the United Nations. In fact, President Truman made what I regard as one of the great classical Freudian slips of diplomatic history. When at the time having already sent U.S. troops and trying to get the United Nations flag to cover over this, this particular action, he went on the radio we didn't have television broadcasts in those days, he went on the radio, and he announced to the American people, \"I am today sending United Stations troops to Korea.\" That's how confused that precedent was. From the standpoint today in the Persian Gulf of a United States government that was eager to optimize its chances for multilateral cooperation, it would be I think, an unlikely precedent, certainly not one that it would want to call attention to, especially when just three weeks earlier on November 8th, President Bush had unilaterally already begun to amass and offensive force of some 500,000 military personnel. With Resolution 678, evidencing no explicit or clearly implicit authorization in the text of the Charter or in its legislative history or in pertinent state practice, one is left to conclude that the Security Council created an entirely new precedent, whole cloth out of some assumed penumbra of powers available to the Council under the Charter, a so-called Article 41 1/2 authorization, as some people have referred to it, not that there's anything inherently wrong with that kind of development. It's analogous, as a matter of fact, to the judicially developed penumbra of powers that are available to the President in the exercise of foreign relations powers under the U.S. Constitution. And actually from a perspective that welcomes strengthened UN policing opportunities and capabilities, including a Security Council that's positioned to act quickly and effectively, it may, this precedent, if wisely fine-tuned, prove salutary over the long run. But when human life, when human life and other fundamental values are being put greatly and severely at risk, as surely they were when Resolution 678 was adopted, it seems to me not inappropriate to insist upon unambiguously articulated war-making authority. We would never tolerate such ambiguity in our own legal system. That the Security Council did not choose that course, bespeaks in my view either extreme laxity or negligence or more likely a Council majority motivated more by the special geostrategic interests of Resolution 678 principal drafters, namely the United Kingdom in the United States than it was by a world constituted instrument created in important part, and I quote here from the preamble of the Charter, \"to establish conditions under which justice and respect for obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained.\" I submit a New World Order deserves better. Let me turn out to how all this came about, what I refer to as the great power pressure diplomacy behind Resolution 678. This is a little less technical, a little more understandable perhaps. In a televised announcement two days after Resolution 678 was adopted and the government of Iraq denounced the resolution on the grounds that the United States had succeeded in turning the Security Council into, and I quote, \"a tool of American hegemony, a theater for dirty deals,\" this being a reference to Resolution 678 having been drafted in large part by U.S. personnel and as well to the not inconsiderable bargaining that characterized the intense and successful U.S. effort to assure a favorable vote. Now, considering the source of the allegations, you might be understandably disinclined to take them very seriously, and instead to endorse the viewpoint that was expressed in \"The Washington Post\" in an editorial the date after Resolution 678 was adopted, and I quote to wit, \"that the bargaining fell well,\" excuse me, \"within accepted norms and that the objective gained was special.\" Translate that to mean good. Maybe so. Similar self-interest tactics characterize the U.S. effort to obtain multilateral support for the action in Korea. But if Washington is serious about a New World Order that shows a decent respect for all the purposes and principles for which the United Nations stands, it desirably should have thought further about the tactics it employed. To ensure the votes of the Latin American and African delegations, the United States promised long sought financial help and attention. To win reliable Soviet support, the U.S. agreed to keep Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia out of the November 1990 Paris Peace Conference and additionally pledged to get Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to provide Moscow, as they subsequently did, with hard currency that Moscow desperately needs to catch up on overdue payments to commercial creditors. And to secure voluntary Chinese abstention, I put the word voluntary in quotes, to secure voluntary Chinese abstention in lieu of a threatened Chinese veto of Resolution 678, the U.S., disregarding at the time a current crack down on political dissidents, agreed to lift trade sanctions that had been in place since the Tiananmen Square Massacre of pro-democracy protestors, agreed to support $114.3 million loan to China from the World Bank and to promise a long sought Washington visit by the Chinese foreign minister, subsequently realized, and the resumption of normal diplomatic intercourse between the two countries. And not to be overlooked either is the, we'll call it a reward with a question mark, that was reportedly communicated to Yemen as a result of its opposition, a negative vote, namely, a cutoff of Washington's $70 million in annual aid. Now it could be argued, of course, that this kind of bargaining is characteristic of the log rolling that typifies legislative process in our national arenas. And so some of it was, I suspect. Promising economic rewards to Latin American, African, and Soviet delegations, for example, seems of this genre to me. But when the influence peddling involves a diminution or a repudiation of purposes and principles for which the United Nations stands, for example, the promotion of human rights or when it bespeaks punishment for votes conscientiously cast and thereby a conscious subversion of right process, then I submit one must demur on grounds of what in French law is referred to as excès de pouvoir, excess of power, excess abuse of power. The solicitous treatment accorded the Soviet Union relative to the Baltic republics and to China relative to its pro-democracy dissidents, just like that rather blind-eye obsequiousness that the United States extended to Hafez al-Assad's terrorist Syria to ensure its participation in the subsequently organized U.S.-led military coalition, fall into this class in my judgment, as does also the retribution directed against Yemen. From a perspective that champions a world public order of human dignity in which values are shaped and shared more by persuasion than by coercion, it's not enough merely to lament, as some of my colleagues have done, the bitter irony of having to embrace the butchers of Tiananmen and the butcher of Hama in order to repel the butcher of Baghdad or to conclude that when using the UN as a policy instrument, the United States, and I quote from a colleague, \"will have no choice but to secure the cooperation of others by trading in whatever is the coin of exchange of the moment,\" or that international law has no choice, as one of my colleagues says, \"but to be realistic.\" We do have a choice. We had one right up to January 15th to reject war and find other realistic ways to settle disputes among nations. And so the process by which Security Council Resolution 678 was won, while perhaps legally correct in the technical sense, confirms how absolutely complete the power of the United States had become relative to the UN's policing mechanism in the absence of Cold War opposition. It was part of the larger imprint of great power exhortation and cajolery, including the controversial forgiveness extended to Egypt's debts and the later, even more controversial deference shown to serious control of Northern Lebanon that after August 2nd, but especially after November 8th when President Bush unilaterally ordered the doubling of U.S. forces in the Persian Gulf so indelibly marked what must be described as a relentless U.S. drive along with Great Britain to force Saddam Hussein's hand, by force, if necessary. It was part of the larger context of ferocious self-interest among all the parties that demands to be taken into account when we assess the true precedential virtue, and not merely the formal egality and legitimacy of a U.S.-dominated armada relative to authentic power sharing in a much heralded new era of multilateral accountability and responsibility. Now to appreciate fully the extent to which in this crisis U.S. influence over UN decision-making, however technically lawful and legitimate, did, in fact, marginalize the United Nations as a meaningful player in international peacemaking, it's important to acknowledge my third point, the essentially unrestricted authorization given to the UN members in Resolution 678 \"by authorizing the use of all necessary means to uphold and implement Security Council Resolution 660 and all subsequent relevant resolutions,\" that's a quotation from Resolution 678, that resolution did appear to have restricted the use of force and other means to the liberation of Kuwait. But when you look at the authorization further where it refers to restoring international peace and security in the area, and you see that in combination with the ambiguous language in all the cognate resolutions that were adopted by the Security Council, some 11 others, well, it's a field day for lawyers. It left obvious room for interpretation and operational maneuver. But the unrestricted character of Resolution 678 does not just stop at that point. In addition to leaving the precise source of its authority unstated, as I noted already, the resolution neglected, for example, to restrict the destructive weaponry or the means of warfare that could be used and relied upon to get rid of Saddam Hussein and get him out of Kuwait and even worse did not require any accounting to or guidance from the Security Council, the Military Staff Committee provided for in the UN Charter or any other UN institution that might've been appropriate. It also set no time limits whatsoever on the use of all necessary means. In other words, in Resolution 678, the Security Council gave the United Nations membership a blank check to do whatever they wanted vis-a-vis Iraq after January 15, including the waging on of war on whatever terms and in whatever ways they might choose. This license was, of course, precisely what the U.S.-led coalition's confrontational politics demanded, making it politically congenial to forego exclusive reliance on the economic sanctions that had been in place and to disregard other non-violent options that could have assisted them. But it was a perverse license one would think, considering that the United Nations was established preeminently, preeminently as proclaimed in the preamble of its own Charter, and I quote, \"to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.\" As was very keenly observed in my judgment the day after the resolution's vote by the ambassador from Yemen, whose acuity I should hasten to add ought not to be discounted because of his political loyalties, the resolution was, and I quote, \"so broad and vague that it would allow nations to use the UN flag to make war independently, a classic case,\" he said, \"of authority without accountability.\" And was not Ambassador al-Ashtal right? The consequences of the Security Council's abdication of responsibility, and that's what I think you can call it, are there for all of us to see. The UN virtually disappeared from the diplomatic scene, and Secretary General Perez de Cuellar was relegated to the role of file clerk and messenger boy, essentially to operate within the Bush administration's guidelines, given no more than one hour's notice of Washington's decision to go to war, and thereafter informed of the war's progress only after action occurred. Indeed, once the hostilities began for those of you who had your eyes glued to CNN, Presidential news conferences, military news briefings didn't even bother to maintain even the pretense of United Nations presence or involvement, except in the most peripheral ways. The very words United Nations were scarcely heard after January 16th, or at least not until after the ceasefire and the discovery of near apocalyptic devastation, as the UN mission described it, to Iraq civilian infrastructure at the hands of the U.S.-led coalition. Surely this is not what the UN founders and the Charter drafters had in mind. Surely they must have thought in a crisis of the magnitude and complexity of this one that the Security Council would have been meeting around the clock and that the Secretary General would have been working feverishly to produce a peaceful diplomatic solution, even and perhaps especially after the guns of January had gone off. But except for some belated expression of Soviet concern toward the end of the fighting, no one, certainly no one in or at the United Nations, was able or willing to challenge the United States-led coalition relative to the scope and the ultimate purposes of its military campaign. The unrestricted character of Resolution 678 may have been legal and legitimate in a technical sense, but from a perspective that values UN autonomy and authentic progress toward multilateral responsibility relative to issues of world peace and security, especially the actual waging of war where people get killed, surely it cannot be said to have been laudable or legitimate in the aspirational sense. The UN itself, and not just the promise of UN collective security as it's long been understood, was made to stand on its head. Now, this paradoxical circumstance was substantially the consequence, of course, of the antiquated, anachronistic composition of the Security Council itself. The failure so far to ensure more equitable Third World representation among the Council's permanent members in the name of, say, Algeria or Brazil or India or Indonesia or Nigeria, plus the absence among the permanent members of economically powerful Germany and Japan, who probably have more claim to being a permanent member than France or Great Britain these days, raise fundamental questions about the determination and orchestration, not to mention the essential morality, of the UN's peace and security operations. A colleague of mine put it this way, \"the system of world order that the Security Council evokes,\" and I quote, \"continues to depend centrally on the United States.\" Primarily, however, the paradox that we see here was the consequence of an economically and militarily powerful United States, thus centrally positioned with the support of an enthusiastic junior partner in the name of Great Britain, that was tenaciously intent upon pressing the military option to the virtual disregard of any alternative world order strategy, all of the U.S. activity, including the pressure diplomacy that influenced the drafting of Resolution 678, appears to have been shaped by this confrontational design. It's true that stalwart independence and resolve on the part of countries like China or the Soviet Union could have made it otherwise. The veto power exists to guard against great power stampedes, among other things. But in view of China's and the Soviet Union's enormous needs for Western largess and goodwill at this particular historical time, that kind of independence and resolve, irrespective of the merits of a counter design, is plainly naive to expect. \"The Nation\" magazine ruefully editorialized this in the following way. It said, \"We should do all we can to strengthen the UN as an instrument for the peaceful settlement of world disputes, but let us not delude ourselves. The old Socialist bloq is irrevocably broken, and the ever-promising non-aligned group is practically nonfunctional now that there's only one world power. A world organization that is supposed to be dedicated first and foremost to the peaceful settlement of international disputes must at this time pin its hopes for less confrontational world order strategy upon the enlightened leadership of its most powerful members and their citizenries. A leadership that thinks long and that thinks hard about the true cost of war and about the enormous complexities of waging peace once war has been unleashed, as now we are again bearing witness.\" It's the fourth element in my theme here in my scenario, though, that really troubles me the most. And I refer to the hasty rejection of the economic sanctions and the virtual disregard of all the other potential non-violent options that might've been exercised. Many have commented critically on the prematurity of President Bush's decision to give up on the economic sanctions that had been imposed by the Security Council in favor of the military option which was first initiated by the President's unilateral offensive deployment decision of November 8th. And that was later implicitly authorized in Resolution 678. Many have criticized this. Some critics have pointed out the United States has been extremely patient with UN sanctions imposed against South Africa. And not withstanding that over time, the international crimes committed by Pretoria have matched even exceeded those committed by Baghdad. Still others have noted that patience mixed with economic sanctions had had its rewards in bringing home alive and without major warfare the unlawfully seized and detained American embassy hostages in Tehran in the late 1970s. As you might suspect, I agree with those who were critical of the President's decision, and not just because it was rendered a scandalously short two days after the November elections immediately preceding which the President had been urging the American people to practice patience and stay the course. The Iraqi sanctions were reliably reported to have been having an increasingly useful bite. They appeared to have commanded broad and politically salient support, even in the face of widespread knowledge that they would not likely produce decisive results for at least a year. Such card-carrying Communists as former Secretary of the Energy and of the Defense, Schlesinger, former Chair of Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Crowe, former, I guess, existing CIA Director, Mr. Webster, all these people were saying this, former Secretary of the Navy Lehman. And while no one could claim with certainty that the sanctions alone would ultimately have succeeded to the fullest extent, I underscore the word alone, the military alternatives at the time and support that carry ourselves back to that time because that's the basis upon which decisions were made, the military alternatives at the time were well understood to risk major death and destruction on an increasingly widening basis, staggering economic costs and dislocations, large-scale environmental harm and the possible enmity of the peoples of the Arab and Islamic worlds for years, perhaps decades to come, threatening, as Newsweek put it, \"freelance terrorism against Western and particularly American persons and institutions everywhere.\" It is, I think, exceedingly troublesome that none of these and related arguments were able to persuade President Bush to step back from the precipice of military confrontation long enough to give the economic sanctions at least a chance to succeed. The perceptual reality, and that's the important point, the perceptual reality at the time of decision was one of extreme negative risk. And the fact that some of the projected harms did not materialize or have yet to come about does not detract from that truth. As it happens, of course, many of the projected harms have taken place, including unprecedented and continuing damage to the Kuwaiti and surrounding natural environment, the rape and pillage of the Kuwaiti people and their property, the near apocalyptic destruction of Iraq civilian infrastructure, and not least, the killing and the maiming of an estimated hundreds of thousands of Iraqis and other nationalities. Not to be overlooked either are the values that were forsaken to assemble and maintain the U.S.-led military coalition, the implications of devastating, perhaps for a generation, the most industrialized and scientifically advanced Arab country, the imposition of new and large and longterm refugee populations demanding assistance greater in scope and complexity than that known in Europe following World War II, the price of neglecting Soviet transformations critical to enduring national and international security, and of course, the severe opportunity costs that have been imposed upon the domestic welfare of at least the United States. One is compelled, at least morally, to ask whether a less militant course might not have avoided such extensive loss. But even more troublesome in my view was the apparent failure of the President, despite the grave risks known to him and despite the humanitarian purposes of the United Nations Charter, even to consider the coupling of the economic sanctions with other non-violent techniques, techniques that over time, and if definitely employed, could have assisted or reinforced the sanctions to the point of forcing Iraq's complete and unconditional withdrawal from Kuwait. Article 33 of the United Nations Charter calling for the settlement of interstate disputes first, and I quote, \"by negotiation, inquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to the regional agencies or arrangements or other peaceful means,\" that appears never to have been taken seriously. Additionally, what Dr. Gene Sharp calls the methods of nonviolent action, or political jujitsu at work, so-called domestic methods of social, economic, and political civil resistance and non-cooperation appear never to have even been contemplated. Indeed curiously for an administration that placed an unusual emphasis on respect for law there does not even appear to have been a genuflection in the direction of what many international lawyers were calling for, namely a strategy of bringing law to bear in all the municipal courts around the world against Iraq for the claims that arose out of Iraqi misdeeds in order to force Iraq's economic hand even more tightly. In other words, rather than view the \"all necessary means\" language of Resolution 678 as a license to use force only as a last resort as it could and should have been according to some of the delegations at the time of the resolution's adoption, President Bush chose to construe it as an unconditional warrant to go to war, come January 15 and is not requiring first the exhaustion of all viable nonviolent strategies of persuasion and coercion. Now it's true precisely when non-military means have been exhausted and precisely when military means therefore become necessary is a judgment regarding which even reasonable Commanders-in-Chief can differ, but it seems scarcely an exhaustion of non-violent options to have had a high ministerial level meeting only once between Aziz and Baker for only six hours and subject to the following Presidential instructions, and I quote, \"no negotiations, no compromises, no attempts at face-saving and no rewards for aggression.\" Surely in the face of a major threat to human life and other important values, it is right to expect more, \"that extra mile,\" as President Bush called it, which turned out to be in the Persian Gulf, very short. One can insist, of course, as did British Foreign Secretary Hurd, that it is wrong to negotiate with a burglar. But the analogy is simplistic, and not just, I might add because it overlooks the common practice of plea bargaining, which aims at conserving energy and resources without sacrificing principle and is endemic to all legal systems everywhere. When the burglar is heavily armed, as Iraq was, and in part because the police chief had been complicit in the process and especially when the fate of millions are potentially at stake in a circumstance of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116131#t=0.0,2890.08"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_b.mp3"]},"duration":2887.776,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/116/132/small/lecture.png?1622637769","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/116/132/original/AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_b.mp3?1622637769","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2887.776,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's true that a key cost of war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=5.81,8.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a non-war strategy is time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=8.73,12.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Time during which Iraq probably would have oppressed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=12.14,14.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its victims further.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=14.93,16.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But war also entails great, if not greater human suffering.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=17.53,21.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the real life of which law is apart at least,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=23.25,26.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"evil abounds in all shapes and sizes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=26.21,28.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and one has to assign priorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=28.64,31.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the ultimate question, of course, is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=31.38,33.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what should those priorities be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=33.87,36.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And who decides?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=36.19,37.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's true also that Iraq's leadership displayed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=39.18,41.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a singular lack of imagination, and not a little obstinacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=41.54,45.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the crisis unfolded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=45.44,47.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Criminally trivializing the Security Council's goals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=47.69,50.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and foolishly underestimating the US led coalition's resolve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=50.59,54.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to secure them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=54.94,55.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It could have resisted from its aggression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=56.84,59.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and prevented the escalation of hostilities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=59.25,62.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had it really wanted to do so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=62.57,64.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at the same time, the coalition strategy especially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=65.16,68.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after November 8th, was consistently and repeatedly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=68.71,73.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to rebuff or temporize each of Iraq's conciliatory gestures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=73.86,78.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which there were several,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=78.93,80.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to try to humiliate its leader at every turn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=80.73,83.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Diplomacy to prevent war was never seriously pursued.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=85.45,90.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"With no possibility of face-saving escape for a vain leader,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=91.82,96.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war was made virtually inevitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=96.68,99.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it seems that resolution 678,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=101.85,104.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the confrontational path it reflected,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=104.81,108.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were shaped more by a desire to go","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=108.59,110.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to war than to prevent one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=110.3,111.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or in any event by war aims, Machiavellian and otherwise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=112.67,117.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were to be better served by Iraq's destruction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=118.24,121.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than by its simple withdrawal from Kuwait.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=121.31,124.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So when assessing the true virtue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=125.41,128.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not merely the formal legality or legitimacy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=128.29,132.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the process that led 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UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=175.12,180.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a meaningful actor in global and regional peacemaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=180.22,184.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To a joint session of Congress,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=190.12,193.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about five weeks into the Persian Gulf crisis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=193.25,196.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Bush said the following, and I quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=197.61,202.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Today, a new world order is struggling to be born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=203.257,205.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A world quite different from the one we have 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jungle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=212.53,213.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"America, and the world must support the rule of law.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=214.55,219.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And repeatedly during the crisis, the president 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Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=225.7,227.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"partly to rally worldwide resistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=227.8,230.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against Baghdad's crimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=230.63,232.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, it's not easy to argue against such rhetoric,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=235.772,239.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially when it's invoked at the highest levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=240.87,243.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and least of all, when it's wrapped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=243.89,246.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in consensus, building political and military success,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=246.49,250.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directed at manifest villainy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=250.23,252.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Indeed for somebody like myself who makes this, this 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decades","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=263.77,267.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of conspicuous disregard, I dare say contempt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=267.58,272.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One wants to join the chorus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=272.84,274.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But a process of war peace decision,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=276.83,279.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that in the face of grave risk,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=280.34,282.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is marked by indeterminate legal authority,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=283.38,286.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highly questionable pressure diplomacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=287.21,290.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all together unrestricted license to kill and destroy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=290.44,294.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then a essentially unilateralis rejection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=295.81,298.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of nonviolence options,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=298.93,300.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"provokes major skepticism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=303.97,306.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And particularly when in the Persian Gulf Wars aftermath,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=307.6,312.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we contemplate the devastating direct and indirect impact","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=312.25,317.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that process ultimately had upon Iraq and Kuwait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=317.6,321.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their people, and the surrounding Middle East region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=321.14,324.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Legal, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=325.14,327.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Legitimate, arguably at least in the qualified sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=329.74,334.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Professor Frank.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=334.35,335.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But laudable?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=336.76,338.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=339.44,340.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you doubt me, I ask only that you 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States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=358.57,360.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the president of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=360.71,362.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The game of role reversal is very instructive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=367.06,369.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's true of course, that there's a more positive way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=371.46,374.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to assess the situation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=374.12,375.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A colleague of mine at Yale writes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=377.42,379.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were it not for the United States initiatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=379.06,381.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a commitment by President Bush","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=381.43,383.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to use the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=383.01,384.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Security Council could have been expected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=384.9,386.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pass an anodyne resolution condemning Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=386.71,389.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and perhaps calling for sanctions but doing a little more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=389.71,393.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iraq would have hunkered down and waited","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=393.57,395.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the dust to settle or attention to be diverted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=395.27,397.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to some current crisis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=397.79,399.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"while it consolidate its control over Kuwait.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=399.3,401.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Probably so.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=404.44,405.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's possible that as a result of the US efforts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=407.09,410.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a genuinely multilateral collective security system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=410.21,413.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will yet emerge over time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=413.56,415.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one that does not depend on so much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=415.35,417.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the energy and resources of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=417.32,419.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is I submit, distort ive to assert,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=421.47,424.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as my colleague goes on to do,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=424.13,426.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that on this occasion, and I quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=426.69,428.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The United Nations became a significant force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=428.617,431.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"encountering the Iraqi aggression.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=431.41,433.367"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As Secretary General Perez de Cuellar remarked to the press,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=434.86,438.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on February 10.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=438.32,440.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Persian Gulf War was not and I quote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=440.38,443.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"A classic United Nations war in the sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=443.217,445.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there is no United Nations control of the operations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=445.95,448.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no United Nations flag, blue helmets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=448.88,451.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or any engagement of the military Staff Committee.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=451.44,453.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then he continued,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=453.94,455.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"What we know about the war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=455.397,457.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what we hear from the three 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States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=461.23,462.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which every two or three days report to the council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=462.86,465.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the actions take 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actions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=470.43,473.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have taken place.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=473.28,475.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then signaling a discernible discomfort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=475.28,478.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the turn of events and a serious concern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=479.53,482.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the loss of human life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=482.54,484.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Secretary General ruefully added,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=485.07,488.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As I am not a military expert,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=488.87,490.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I cannot evaluate how necessary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=490.85,492.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the military actions taking place now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=492.85,495.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I consider myself head of an organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=495.9,500.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is first of all, a peaceful organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=500.08,503.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and secondly, a humanitarian organization.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=503.18,506.507"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ladies and gentlemen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=509.67,511.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from November 8th forward,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=511.42,513.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when as I mentioned before President Bush","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=515.23,517.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"unilaterally announced the doubling of US troops strength","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=517.43,521.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Persian Gulf,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=521.64,522.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, unilaterally not just in terms of the UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=522.473,525.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he didn't even consult Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=525.13,526.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A pattern of barely polite tolerance for the United Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=529.13,533.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its legal requirements became 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Washington,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=542.27,545.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and its allies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=545.09,546.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The process of war peace 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afterwards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=564.43,567.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's some interesting scenarios you might like to hear,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=567.73,571.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had more to do with that than it did with the 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diplomacy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=589.58,593.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An authentically multilateral strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=595.809,600.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"truly committed to the avoidance of war,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=600.76,603.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and otherwise showing genuine respect for the purposes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=603.21,605.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and principles of the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=605.97,608.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was not what took place, at least not after November 8th.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=608.57,612.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Underneath the surface, something else was going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=614.01,617.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And my point is this, in the same way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=619.06,622.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is legal or legitimate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=622.8,625.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"excuse me, in the same way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=625.4,626.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what is legal or legitimate is not always 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check","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=653.54,656.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and balance of Cold War rivalry, has become but a venue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=656.98,661.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for imposing upon the world, a Pax or use 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threatened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=691.8,693.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It should, and it should do so not withstanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=693.63,697.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"its own recent lapses over precisely the core rules,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=697.05,700.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it purports to be defending,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=700.91,702.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or it's too selective approach","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=703.71,705.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the application of international law against others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=705.76,709.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of which bespeaks in unseemly hypocrisy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=709.08,711.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on Washington's part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=711.51,712.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The point is, that it should do so in a manner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=714.81,718.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that demonstrates true respect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=718.35,720.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for multilateral responsibility and accountability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=720.87,723.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"akin to what the San Francisco drafters had in mind in 1945,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=723.6,728.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a model for combating aggression everywhere and not just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=728.49,731.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the United States feels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=731.78,732.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it has a disproportionate 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due,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=752.67,754.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that everyone pursue right process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=755.82,759.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the most comprehensive humanitarian sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=759.55,763.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's necessary in order to ensure our collective well being,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=766.85,770.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's probably necessary in order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=771.47,773.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to ensure our collective survival.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=773.04,774.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As William Butler Yeats once warned,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=776.49,779.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at an earlier critical time, the World Order challenge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=779.33,782.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no longer a virtuous nation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=784.91,787.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the rest of us live by candlelight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=788.08,791.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you for listening to me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=791.84,794.147"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience applauding)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=794.147,797.314"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you'd like to ask questions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=806.07,808.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll try to figure out some answers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=809.94,812.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And perhaps we can have a discussion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=812.58,814.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you'd stand up so I can hear you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=815.64,817.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so the others can hear you clearly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=817.29,818.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would be very nice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=818.83,820.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=824.94,825.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I never had the speech in your discussion but.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=827.78,830.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e That won't stop you, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=830.38,831.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=831.98,832.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The concept to my question is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=832.813,835.091"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can you or anybody else in this room name one country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=835.091,839.508"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the United States has involved heavily militarily in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=840.387,843.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as a result of that intervention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=844.92,847.387"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now a stable democracy or,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=847.387,850.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since World War Two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=852.054,853.721"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can you think of any countries?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=855.465,856.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean since World War Two?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=856.91,858.255"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=858.255,859.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, South Korea.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=859.39,862.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's a big compromise involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=862.09,864.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And most of the times where those stable regimes exist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=864.13,867.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's been an enormous sacrifice of human rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=867.9,872.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because it's generally favorite totalitarian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=873.7,876.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or authoritarian regimes of one sort or another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=876.15,879.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And still does I might add, in South Korea,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=879.02,881.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"despite the loosening up in the last few years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=881.8,886.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you put your finger on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=888.83,889.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"something very important if you just think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=889.78,891.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what's happened to Panama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=891.35,892.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or I suppose you could say Grenada.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=898.76,902.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Grenada's stable now, they are attracting tourism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=902.16,904.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But your point's well taken?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=907.64,909.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=910.64,911.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you comment on the proposals Ramsey Clark made","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=912.688,915.514"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fortnight ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=915.514,916.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, I didn't hear what you said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=916.403,918.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you comment on the proposal Ramsey Clark made?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=918.12,921.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmurs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=921.6,923.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I know Ramsey has proposed, I don't know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=923.32,927.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I haven't seen his most recent refinements of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=927.22,930.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, so I may not be speaking specifically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=930.46,933.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to his precise recommendation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=933.17,938.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's not a black and white,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=939.83,943.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"open and shut kind of matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=943.53,946.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no question, that what's happened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=947.19,950.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the behest of Saddam Hussein and Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=954.32,958.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Iraq's leadership, is deserving of being tried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=958.74,963.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the manner that we try the war criminals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=965.61,967.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after World War Two at Nuremberg,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=967.47,970.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that we also did in the Far East to Tokyo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=970.04,973.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there ever were to be such a tribunal,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=975.72,978.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would be essential in my view that the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=980.09,983.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Britain and France and the other countries involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=983.49,987.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the international military coalition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=987.34,989.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was delegated by the Security Council","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=989.97,993.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to prosecute this war, not be among those sitting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=993.58,997.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in judgment of Saddam Hussein and the rest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=997.79,1000.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Iraqi leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1000.78,1001.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I say that for two reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1005.29,1007.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, because I think it's absolutely essential that you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1007.3,1010.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in such a situation, try to maintain or establish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1010.8,1014.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much objectivity and impartiality as possible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1014.27,1018.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"otherwise it becomes undermined by accusations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1018.43,1022.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of victor's justice.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1022.7,1024.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I also say it because, it seems to me","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1025.68,1028.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there are others who might well deserve","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1028.98,1032.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be brought before such a tribunal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1032.32,1034.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they don't all come from Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1034.89,1036.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We don't know that completely yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1039.21,1041.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're only beginning to find out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1041.52,1043.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have the pleasure of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1044.265,1046.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you can call it that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1046.38,1047.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of being involved right now in a potential mission","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1047.76,1052.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this coming fall to go to Iraq to try to come up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1054.29,1057.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with some kind of assessment of what kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1057.26,1059.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of collateral civilian damage actually took place","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1059.04,1062.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the hands of the Allied bombings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1062.45,1065.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there's a whole lot of hidden history there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1067.56,1069.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we haven't heard about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1069.63,1070.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were the victims of military press censorship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1070.95,1073.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a lot to be uncovered.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1073.96,1076.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1078.4,1080.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the United States, openly supported Iraq's aggression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1080.38,1085.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against Iran a few years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1086.28,1088.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in direct contravention of every principles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1089.73,1091.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the United States said that Iraq was violating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1091.81,1094.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when it aggressed upon Kuwait.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1094.7,1097.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so that puts us in a very uncomfortable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1097.2,1099.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hypocritical position.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1099.4,1102.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My own judgment is, that it's highly unlikely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1102.32,1105.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a War Crimes Tribunal will likely take place soon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1105.5,1110.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if at all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1110.35,1111.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I personally would favor one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1112.32,1114.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I personally would like to see the resurrection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1114.81,1117.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Nuremberg and Tokyo, if it could be handled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1117.91,1121.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a kind of objectivity and impartiality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1121.98,1124.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the sort that I'm speaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1124.59,1126.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1127.72,1128.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The tribunal that I was referring to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1129.45,1131.168"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think is mainly directed against president Bush.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1131.168,1135.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1135.04,1135.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, actually, I understand Ramsey,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1135.873,1137.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's proposed two different, I didn't know which one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1139.18,1141.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you're referring to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1141.73,1142.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's proposed two different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1142.563,1143.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pardon me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1144.59,1145.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, I think that there are crimes here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1148.676,1152.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that need to be examined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1152.21,1153.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't wanna say crimes ahead of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1153.38,1154.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think there are allegations of crimes here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1154.6,1156.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that need to be examined.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1156.83,1157.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I agree with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1157.7,1159.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that will never happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1159.75,1161.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We all know that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1162.13,1162.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not with popularity polls at, what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1165.1,1167.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"91%, 82%, whatever it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1167.43,1170.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"See, one of the crimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1175.42,1176.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that we have to think about here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1176.55,1178.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is what's happening right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1178.64,1180.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Kurds are being massacred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1182.49,1184.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Shiites of course, also in southern Iraq","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1186.55,1189.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are being massacred.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1189.05,1190.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, the Kurds especially,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1190.05,1192.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are these incredibly maligned people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1192.22,1197.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the centuries, not just by Iraq I might add,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1197.35,1200.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but by Iran and Turkey.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1200.58,1202.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Part of the point of what I've been trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1206.03,1207.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say here is, that if this had been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1207.43,1209.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a genuinely multilateral UN sponsored, UN run,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1209.34,1214.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"UN controlled war, not at the hands of the single power","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1214.03,1219.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where decisions are being made in the Oval Office","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1219.62,1221.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and really nowhere else.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1221.98,1224.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we would not be in the position I think right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1224.4,1227.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of wringing our hands and wondering","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1227.6,1228.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what we'd be doing about the Kurds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1228.89,1230.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because then there wouldn't be a question of whether","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1230.18,1232.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or not the United States should intervene","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1232.3,1234.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Iraq's internal affairs, the UN could go in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1234.06,1237.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with complete under authority under the UN Charter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1237.12,1239.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the name of the preservation of human rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1239.31,1242.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is one of the principal purposes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1242.29,1243.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for which the UN stands, and take some action.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1243.92,1246.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's criminal what's going on right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1246.25,1248.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a war crime, in the technical sense of Nuremberg","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1249.9,1252.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Tokyo, but it's certainly morally criminal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1252.87,1256.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the United States essentially stands by,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1257.28,1262.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and doesn't even offer rhetorical assistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1262.12,1265.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Kurdish people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1265.69,1267.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Strikes me as as an obscenity of the highest order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1267.42,1270.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Did you use, I'm sorry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1274.01,1275.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to ask you about the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1275.753,1278.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a department called EMC, within the UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1278.203,1281.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"putting together this, gratifying with the United states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1283.5,1287.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is it the legal department or the state department","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1287.75,1289.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that use the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1289.95,1291.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one that writes all this up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1292.45,1294.081"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who's the (murmurs) its seems to me there's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1294.081,1296.667"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"only a handful of people who can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1296.667,1298.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean in the drafting of the resolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1298.41,1299.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was referring to?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1299.903,1300.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is Bush really thinking this all out?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1301.87,1304.267"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Has he got some.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1304.267,1306.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1306.1,1307.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Bush never went to law school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1307.95,1309.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's plainly evident.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1309.89,1311.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No, he's not riding it out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1313.88,1315.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But he's getting advice from,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1315.59,1317.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the legal advisors Office or the State Department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1317.84,1321.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has over the years been considered sort of the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1321.21,1324.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know whether the kind of term I can give it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1325.75,1329.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's sort of the blue ribbon panel of lawyers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1329.56,1333.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for foreign policy for the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1333.5,1335.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Usually, the kind of stuff they do is fairly routine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1337.94,1340.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't mean to say that it's not important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1341.99,1343.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by saying it's routine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1343.85,1344.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it doesn't involve always these hot,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1344.73,1346.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"politically contentious issues of war and peace.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1346.96,1350.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But more things like about territorial border disputes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1350.2,1353.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"refugee problems, things that are of a lesser political,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1353.34,1356.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"volatile sort.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1356.81,1357.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this instance, it's very clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1359.428,1362.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from at least everything I've heard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1362.61,1364.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the legal advisors office, the State Department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1364.41,1368.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"together with the legal advisors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1368.21,1369.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Office of the British Foreign Ministry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1369.73,1372.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were the principal drafters of the resolution.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1372.35,1374.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that both the United Kingdom and the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1374.4,1377.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were about as tough as anybody could possibly be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1377.79,1382.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the bargaining of the wording","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1382.48,1384.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that finally got hammered out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1384.03,1386.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just as you may have noticed, over the course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1386.92,1388.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the last few days with this new resolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1388.87,1390.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Security Council adopted relative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1390.73,1393.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to establishing a permanent ceasefire.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1393.5,1396.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, this stuff has, this have emanates","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1396.2,1398.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Washington primarily.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1398.19,1400.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that's not to say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1400.41,1401.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that somebody shouldn't take the initiative.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1401.243,1402.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, I think there's nothing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1402.62,1404.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"inappropriate for the United States to engage in taking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1404.0,1407.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the initiative and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1407.2,1408.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's what happens once the initiative has been taken.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1408.51,1411.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a kind of an obduracy and obstinacy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1411.53,1414.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sets in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1414.82,1416.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As you see, really, to make sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1416.8,1419.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of everything I said, tonight, in a way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1419.84,1421.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I really have to try to free associate a little bit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1421.29,1425.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what's lying behind all this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1425.35,1427.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think that there's far more that's going on here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1427.013,1429.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than just the legal niceties of trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1429.77,1431.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to preserve principles against non-aggression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1431.92,1433.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and territorial independence and political sovereignty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1433.87,1436.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all that sort of thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1436.99,1438.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the vitality of the United Nations itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1438.12,1441.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Lemme if I may indulge you for just a few minutes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1443.35,1446.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let you in on some things that I've heard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1447.14,1449.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have been,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1449.73,1450.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been kicking around in the back of my mind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1452.05,1453.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly has shaped the way I've been thinking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1453.8,1456.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about this whole problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1456.43,1457.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't want to say by the way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1458.96,1460.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me hasten the point out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1460.61,1461.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't wanna say that anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1461.68,1462.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm about to say is exactly as things have unfolded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1462.513,1466.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that it was in fact, predetermined and planned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1466.39,1468.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this particular way at a particular time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1468.96,1470.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a particular occasion, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1470.82,1472.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's enough pieces that seem to come together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1472.85,1476.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make a certain rational sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1476.09,1478.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as to what's been happening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1478.4,1479.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, I think you've gotta go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1480.98,1482.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the election of President Reagan in 1980.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1482.84,1485.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've gotta remember, that when we came out of the 70s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1486.66,1490.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the president who was in my judgment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1492.5,1495.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"remarkably restrained, vis-à-vis Iran,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1495.83,1498.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but who nevertheless suffered heavily politically from it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1498.77,1502.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And President Reagan rode into the White House","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1504.53,1506.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a white steed proclaiming that America was back 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scholarships","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1669.54,1671.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for students, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1671.09,1672.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I began to get kind of 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going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1675.84,1678.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"President Bush comes to power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1678.03,1679.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he decides to have a nice little war, down in 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Panama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1688.51,1691.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But an interesting thing happened to Panama.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1693.5,1694.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you gotta ask yourself, why did we do 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excuse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1699.54,1701.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But that wasn't the principal reason.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1701.73,1704.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't do it either, because we 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shutdown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1721.92,1723.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the canal for a period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1723.93,1725.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, over a long haul it would, but short period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1725.59,1727.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of time wouldn't make that much difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1727.83,1730.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what do we use there, in that war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1730.57,1732.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody remember?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1732.89,1733.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We sought out general Noriega with stealth bombers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1735.15,1739.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now you tell me why we needed stealth bombers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1739.71,1741.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try and find Mr. Noriega?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1741.6,1744.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll tell you why, because we'd never used them before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1744.31,1746.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We didn't know whether they worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1746.33,1748.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we wanted to fly them in combat missions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1748.69,1751.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see what they would do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1751.91,1753.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now add a few more straws to the wind here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1755.3,1758.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last April, this by the way is in the print media,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1760.53,1765.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can find this out, I didn't I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1765.22,1767.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have security clearance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1767.01,1768.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God knows could never even get it as you can imagine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1768.5,1771.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Last April, all major tank divisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1774.9,1778.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States were ordered to redeploy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1778.89,1781.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or re I don't, there's a word I'm looking for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1782.701,1785.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relocate at Fort Hood, Texas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1785.48,1789.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody know what Fort Hood Texas is?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1789.14,1791.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fort Hood, Texas is where the United States trains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1793.61,1796.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Southern California, that was another location.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1796.37,1799.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where they train US troops","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1799.61,1801.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly tank battalions for desert warfare.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1801.62,1804.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This was last April.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1804.22,1805.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, at about that time, there were orders placed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1806.73,1810.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to foreign clothing manufacturers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1811.22,1813.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for desert camouflage uniforms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1813.21,1816.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Somewhere An excess of 500,000.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1818.09,1820.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1822.78,1823.789"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What do we need them for?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1823.789,1825.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why were we training for desert warfare back in April?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1825.52,1828.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, comes along July 25.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1832.58,1835.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Ambassador Glaspie has a conversation with Saddam Hussein.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1838.02,1841.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've all read about it recently in the papers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1842.22,1844.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's some dispute, obviously about who said what to whom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1844.53,1847.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the bottom line comes out that the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1847.66,1850.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some way, shape or form kind of gave the green light","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1850.74,1853.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Saddam Hussein to go ahead with Kuwait","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1853.25,1855.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it really didn't matter.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1855.13,1855.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was an in ternary problem, we weren't gonna be upset.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1855.98,1858.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you're gonna see a whole lot of backpedaling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1861.25,1863.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and maneuvering on the part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1863.84,1865.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United States administration to suggest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1865.35,1868.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it was otherwise, to suggest that this was just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1868.0,1870.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a major flaw, a major error, a lack of coordination,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1870.1,1875.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not good foresight, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1875.89,1877.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But my own sense is that, this was a sting operation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1877.43,1880.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That Ambassador Glaspie was set up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1883.52,1886.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Saddam Hussein was invited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1886.87,1888.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He moved, we had our provocation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1888.89,1891.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And why do I say that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1891.107,1892.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, July 25 is nine days away from August second.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1894.23,1897.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if we were so unconcerned on July 25,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1898.96,1902.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nine days before Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1902.04,1904.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why was it that we were pencil and paper in hand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1904.69,1908.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the UN Security Council screaming and ranting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1908.61,1910.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on August second, about the fact that Saddam Hussein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1910.96,1913.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had earlier that day invaded Kuwait?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1913.88,1915.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why the sudden change in policy position?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1917.64,1921.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have to ask myself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1922.72,1924.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it possible there was no change at all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1924.45,1926.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that maybe there was a very consistent policy all along,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1926.24,1928.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we were just waiting for the right moment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1928.32,1929.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to say what we wanted to say and do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1929.52,1931.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And why is it, that president Bush","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1933.84,1937.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the administration never demonstrated to anyone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1937.26,1940.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Saudi Arabia ever was really threatened by Iraq.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1941.37,1944.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were told that Saudi Arabia was threatened by Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1945.95,1949.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Saudi Arabia was told by the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1949.25,1952.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Saudi Arabia was threatened by Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1952.64,1954.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the United States asked Saudi Arabia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1954.8,1956.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to ask the United States to come to Saudi Arabia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1956.79,1959.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But Saudi Arabia was not being threatened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1960.85,1962.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as I can tell.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1962.91,1964.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The dispute that existed between Saddam Hussein","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1964.58,1967.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Kuwait was over oil prices,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1967.99,1970.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was over the Kuwaiti subversion of the Ramallah oil field,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1970.91,1975.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over offshore islands, and over free port access","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1976.77,1980.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to deep water in the Persian Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1980.82,1983.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying that he might not,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1987.46,1989.365"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean that guy is nuts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1989.365,1990.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The guy is a certified sociopath, I think.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1990.63,1993.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that he might well have done something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1994.65,1996.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so, did probably the rest of the American public.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1996.8,1999.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And therefore it was very easy to justify the doubling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=1999.85,2002.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of US troops strength, again, without consulting anyone,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2002.75,2005.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not even Congress.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2005.25,2007.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that by the time November 29, rolled around,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2007.26,2010.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you had a fairly substantial force there already.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2012.65,2015.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the United Nations was put in a position not dissimilar,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2015.81,2019.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to what the United Nations was put in at the time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2019.35,2021.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Korea back in 1950, a fait accompli","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2021.46,2023.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the part of the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2023.74,2025.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a clearly great desire to go to war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2025.83,2030.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2034.33,2035.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If all this is true, why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2037.08,2038.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why would we wanna go to war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2038.82,2040.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe, I can't believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2040.78,2042.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"any of you would believe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2042.57,2044.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's because we want to protect Kuwait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2044.4,2047.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from external aggression as such,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2047.81,2051.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or that we're trying to uphold principles of law","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2051.12,2053.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about political independence and territorial sovereignty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2053.69,2056.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all that stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2056.72,2058.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's important stuff, but I don't mean to trivialize it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2058.61,2061.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by talking about it that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2061.18,2062.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a certain sense, I might add, it's wonderful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2063.62,2065.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the administration has talked this way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2065.95,2067.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because let me tell you, there are some of us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2067.63,2070.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are gonna remind the administration that it has","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2070.26,2072.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this obligation to uphold international law now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2072.3,2074.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's spoken so strongly in favor of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2074.38,2076.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, some of the deals that were made,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2079.96,2084.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is stuff that I was hearing back last August,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2085.08,2088.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the aggression upon Kuwait,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2088.81,2092.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from people who I know in Washington, who are connected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2092.89,2095.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pentagon or in the State Department,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2095.67,2098.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"friends who are based in local,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2098.23,2100.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In local think tanks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2101.41,2103.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the Heritage Foundation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2103.08,2104.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I even do know people in the Heritage Foundation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2104.21,2106.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various, the Brookings Institution and so forth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2109.28,2111.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who are sort of State Department watchers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2111.85,2114.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"foreign policy watchers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2114.5,2116.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was a general scenario making the rounds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2116.56,2120.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't believe all of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2121.93,2124.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's enough of it there, to make some sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2125.12,2128.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Think about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2129.81,2130.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For many years, the United States didn't seem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2131.64,2133.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be too concerned about Iraq, why?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2133.67,2136.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Because Iraq was fighting Iran.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2136.99,2138.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Iran and Iraq, we're gonna hopefully kill each other off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2138.82,2142.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That didn't happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2143.26,2144.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They both came off with a kind of a stalemate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2144.41,2146.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Iraq was left with a pretty powerful war machine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2146.3,2151.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This concerned Israel, who is Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2152.3,2155.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel is a very important friend of the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2155.67,2158.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We spend $3 billion a year and plus on Israel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2158.72,2163.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep Israel a float.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2163.06,2165.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we also have long maintained within Israeli borders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2166.89,2171.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not for Israeli use but for US use,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2171.35,2174.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"military arms, including nuclear weapons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2175.44,2178.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in case of potential breakout","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2178.01,2180.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of war in the Middle East region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2180.67,2182.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's important to protect Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2183.99,2187.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Iraq obviously, is a major threat to Israel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2187.09,2190.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as was proven certainly in this crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2190.14,2193.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, how do you get a force together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2195.87,2200.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is going to knock Saddam Hussein's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2200.07,2203.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"war making capacity out of commission?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2203.72,2206.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, some of the scenarios went like this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2208.04,2210.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Israel really wants to take over southern Lebanon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2214.48,2216.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that it doesn't keep getting shot at by Palestinians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2216.9,2219.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are discontented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2219.61,2221.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we'll let Israel go up in southern Lebanon further","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2221.7,2226.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it did, which we have done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2226.59,2228.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All the way up to the Litani river.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2228.98,2231.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we will assure Syria, that that's no threat to Syria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2233.2,2236.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because we'll let Syria take over northern Lebanon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2236.46,2239.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"down to the Litani River.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2239.17,2240.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that my friends has already happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2242.3,2244.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Northern Lebanon is now de facto Syria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2245.63,2249.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no matter what anybody says.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2249.21,2251.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And southern Lebanon is now de facto Israel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2251.0,2254.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many respects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2254.53,2255.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Scenario further goes, that sooner or later,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2257.66,2260.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there will be a kind of a Camp David accord","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2260.48,2262.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between Israel and Syria, that will allow the return","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2262.41,2266.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Golan Heights to Syria, which of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2266.96,2270.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"may not happen particularly given","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2270.73,2272.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the existing government of Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2272.33,2274.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But nevertheless, it's been talked 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judgment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2284.3,2287.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"requires that he be removed from PLO leadership.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2289.11,2292.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I might add, I say 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determination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2297.01,2298.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Allow Israel to take over the West Bank, and Gaza,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2302.49,2306.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will topple King Hussein because he won't be able to hold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2306.26,2308.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on for very much longer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2308.7,2309.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all the Palestinians will move to Jordan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2309.79,2311.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Jordan will become Palestine, as it were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2311.62,2315.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Northern Iraq has some very interesting territories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2318.73,2321.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that produce oil and they happen also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2321.78,2323.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have been territories that belong to the Ottoman Empire,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2323.65,2328.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Turkey still has an interest in those.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2328.84,2332.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we will in order to ensure Turkey's 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Iran,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2345.92,2347.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, we'll really crush Saddam","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2347.71,2349.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that he'll have no 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Iraq,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2358.5,2361.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in exchange for, with Iran's help,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2361.1,2363.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the release of the Western hostages still in Lebanon.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2363.77,2367.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then where will the United States be?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2368.86,2371.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States and this I heard in 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reserves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2421.12,2424.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And thereby to be able","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2425.72,2426.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to control critical trade negotiations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2426.95,2429.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will be starting to take place in 1992,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2429.85,2433.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly with respect to Japan and Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2433.31,2436.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cynical, you bet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2437.6,2440.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's cynical, realistic, maybe not all together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2440.11,2445.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a lot of it, that doesn't really make sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2445.4,2448.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's enough of it that does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2448.28,2450.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And while I'm willing to agree that the international law,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2451.34,2455.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the celebration of the United Nations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2455.45,2457.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been a legitimate expression of concern on part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2457.92,2462.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of much of the international community","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2463.34,2465.879"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the context of this crisis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2465.879,2468.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been for the most part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2468.16,2469.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think from the viewpoint of Washington,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2469.75,2473.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a fig leaf to cover over these more deep,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2473.18,2476.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more Machiavellian geo strategic interests","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2476.67,2479.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that needed to be served.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2479.22,2480.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's what's really been driving the machine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2482.23,2486.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what bothers me about it is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2486.17,2488.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that a lot of people died as a consequence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2488.0,2491.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that's very sad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2491.06,2492.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that maybe gives you some sort of a background","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2496.2,2499.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on why I've reached some of the conclusions I have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2499.91,2502.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anybody else?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2506.62,2507.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much for, yeah, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2511.14,2514.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Margaret Thatcher August 2nd was given credit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2514.89,2518.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for doing something to boost the resolve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2519.249,2522.666"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is there anything?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2526.231,2527.064"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I've heard that too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2527.064,2528.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know, she's been known, I mean she's known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2528.84,2531.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the Iron Lady.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2531.12,2532.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was she after all, who thrust Britain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2534.96,2536.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the Persian Gulf crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2538.851,2541.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, she was the one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2541.15,2542.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who really was the stalwart supporter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2544.502,2549.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of United States policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2549.06,2550.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You might even say that to some extent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2550.58,2552.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"she was in part, part of the architect of that policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2552.76,2555.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, Bush after all was rather new to playing president.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2556.43,2560.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2562.26,2563.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"saw Margaret Thatcher' who'd already had experience","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2566.23,2568.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Falkland Islands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2568.56,2569.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so these things, I think there's some element","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2570.87,2573.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of truth to this that helped to give him some backbone.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2573.48,2576.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how far to go with that, though honestly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2578.47,2581.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2582.01,2584.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, since you said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2584.32,2585.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Soviet Union peace initiative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2585.42,2589.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get the credit to end the war in the Gulf.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2589.12,2594.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Too little too late.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2594.75,2596.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And so as a means for the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2596.57,2600.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not having United States becoming a power broker","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2601.46,2604.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the region of the Middle East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2605.319,2610.052"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think that was a very very serious Soviet concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2610.052,2613.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you see, I think what you're witnessing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2613.99,2616.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a Soviet Foreign policy that shifted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2616.3,2620.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Shevardnadze was no longer foreign minister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2620.16,2622.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then once Mr. Bessmertnykh came in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2622.98,2626.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have a more hard line approach.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2626.07,2627.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, Mr. Bessmertnykh has never been a particular fan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2627.75,2630.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United States, in the way Shevardnadze least seem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2630.13,2633.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be at least reported to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2633.9,2637.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think Bessmertnykh was getting Gorbachev's ear.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2640.077,2644.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the line was, look you can't let the United States call","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2644.3,2646.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the shots, it's gonna become global cop,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2646.96,2649.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in fact, we are now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2649.04,2650.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that what happened here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2651.67,2653.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the Soviet Union was trying to make sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2653.12,2658.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this was not gonna be a totally unipolar world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2658.33,2662.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the United States at this point knew full well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2662.04,2663.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it had all the cards, and could call all the shots,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2663.95,2667.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and told the Soviet Union politely, where to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2667.61,2671.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, in the very back, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2673.47,2676.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2677.999,2680.166"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sorry, I didn't hear what you said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2687.23,2689.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e How important do you think the role of the military play","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2691.891,2696.891"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in decides into the military budget plans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2696.907,2701.171"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in getting into these?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2701.171,2703.004"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean the whole business of the peace dividend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2704.3,2706.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that sort of thing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2706.61,2708.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The potential anxiety over the peace dividend and the cuts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2708.59,2712.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pentagon budget?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2712.27,2713.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it had a role, I don't know how dominant a role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2713.88,2715.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it definitely had a role.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2715.87,2716.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think there's any one explanation for all this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2716.96,2719.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's a multitude of explanations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2719.98,2722.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think also our role, was Mr. Bush's concern","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2722.67,2726.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for his own reputation as a leader,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2726.32,2728.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the so called wimp image, I think that was very important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2728.41,2731.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think very important too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2731.47,2732.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is this whole Vietnam Syndrome stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2732.82,2735.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the very end of this war, what did we hear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2735.22,2737.057"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and read in the press?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2737.057,2739.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What we read was, wow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2739.08,2741.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, this is what everybody was talking about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2741.26,2742.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this was the most important thing on everybody's lips.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2742.63,2744.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We finally got rid of the Vietnam Syndrome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2744.4,2746.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're no longer to get pushed around by a third world power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2747.8,2752.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Big deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2753.68,2754.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it was one of the explanations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2755.38,2757.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think it's just one,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2757.89,2758.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think you can say any one thing was the explanation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2758.86,2761.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's a series of things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2761.42,2762.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that makes very conveniently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2762.85,2764.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was some Machiavellian strategic scenarios","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2764.27,2767.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the United States wanted to pursue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2767.51,2769.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And conveniently used law to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2769.51,2772.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In effect disguise what it was trying to achieve.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2772.38,2775.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was another hand, yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2776.02,2777.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2779.512,2781.679"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm having a hard time understanding you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2788.32,2789.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cause you're talking too fast,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2789.89,2791.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't quite catch it all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2791.14,2792.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you a little bit slower?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2792.107,2793.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I Would you like to produce comment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2794.773,2796.826"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the lasting solution of the UN,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2796.826,2799.909"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the cohesion to Iraq to then move away from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2800.904,2805.446"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean in terms of the recent resolution that's being.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2805.446,2808.236"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah the legitimation and the consequences in the future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2808.236,2811.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seems to me that there is a kind of a global standard","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2811.45,2815.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from where deviation comes from to prohibit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2815.903,2820.654"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to other countries to develop nuclear weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2820.654,2824.034"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2824.034,2826.895"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other nations and communists.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2826.895,2829.212"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, first of all, the question is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2829.212,2833.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if I understood the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2833.0,2834.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me repeat it to make sure I've got it right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2834.02,2836.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the word is the United Nations come around having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2836.08,2838.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the authority to tell Iran to dismantle its nuclear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2838.31,2841.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and chemical and other capabilities for weapons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2841.84,2846.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of mass destruction, et cetera.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2846.11,2848.435"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is that your question essentially?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2848.435,2849.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2849.95,2850.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first and quick answer to that is we won,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2851.858,2853.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they lost, all right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2853.83,2856.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And because Saddam Hussein played very foolishly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2856.31,2860.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, if I may join that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2862.23,2864.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that popular expression that everybody is doing these days,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2864.55,2869.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he's the mother of all fools.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2869.99,2871.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, every time he was given an opportunity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2873.17,2875.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he didn't take it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2875.67,2878.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, now I'm not sure he should have all the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2878.07,2880.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for reasons that I mentioned earlier in my talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=2880.78,2883.18"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28047/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/047/original/AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_b.vtt?1622637772","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/028/047/original/AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_b.vtt?1622637772"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28048","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204009_What_New_World_Order_Lessons_from_the_Gulf_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132/transcript/28048/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- It's true that a key cost of war, of a non-war strategy is time. Time during which Iraq probably would have oppressed its victims further. But war also entails great, if not greater human suffering. In the real life of which law is apart at least, evil abounds in all shapes and sizes, and one has to assign priorities. And the ultimate question, of course, is, what should those priorities be? And who decides? It's true also that Iraq's leadership displayed a singular lack of imagination, and not a little obstinacy as the crisis unfolded. Criminally trivializing the Security Council's goals and foolishly underestimating the US led coalition's resolve to secure them. It could have resisted from its aggression, and prevented the escalation of hostilities, had it really wanted to do so. But at the same time, the coalition strategy especially after November 8th, was consistently and repeatedly, to rebuff or temporize each of Iraq's conciliatory gestures, of which there were several, and to try to humiliate its leader at every turn. Diplomacy to prevent war was never seriously pursued. With no possibility of face-saving escape for a vain leader, war was made virtually inevitable. So it seems that resolution 678, and the confrontational path it reflected, were shaped more by a desire to go to war than to prevent one. Or in any event by war aims, Machiavellian and otherwise, that were to be better served by Iraq's destruction, than by its simple withdrawal from Kuwait. So when assessing the true virtue, and not merely the formal legality or legitimacy of the process that led up to resolution 678 adoption and its execution. One must ask why? In an organization that is committed to the notion that non-military solutions are preferable to the enormous costs of war, and essentially unilateral decision by the United States to go to war on January 16 was allowed, and why it occasion so little UN or other official challenge or dissent. One must wonder, rhetorically, whether the United States did not exert a disproportionate overbearing influence over the UN's decision process. Subordinating and possibly subverting the UN, as a meaningful actor in global and regional peacemaking. To a joint session of Congress, about five weeks into the Persian Gulf crisis, President Bush said the following, and I quote, \"Today, a new world order is struggling to be born. A world quite different from the one we have known. A world where the rule of law supplants the rule of the jungle. America, and the world must support the rule of law.\" And repeatedly during the crisis, the president returned to this invocation of international law, partly to condemn Iraq, partly to rally worldwide resistance against Baghdad's crimes. Now, it's not easy to argue against such rhetoric, especially when it's invoked at the highest levels, and least of all, when it's wrapped in consensus, building political and military success, directed at manifest villainy. Indeed for somebody like myself who makes this, this trade, it's rather refreshing to see international law paid at least verbal respect, after several decades of conspicuous disregard, I dare say contempt. One wants to join the chorus. But a process of war peace decision, that in the face of grave risk, is marked by indeterminate legal authority, highly questionable pressure diplomacy, and all together unrestricted license to kill and destroy, and then a essentially unilateralis rejection of nonviolence options, provokes major skepticism. And particularly when in the Persian Gulf Wars aftermath, we contemplate the devastating direct and indirect impact that process ultimately had upon Iraq and Kuwait, their people, and the surrounding Middle East region. Legal, yeah. Legitimate, arguably at least in the qualified sense of Professor Frank. But laudable? No. And if you doubt me, I ask only that you consider whether you would be as supportive of the process that was followed, if all else being equal. The one person principally calling the strategic shots was not the President of the United States, but the president of the Soviet Union. The game of role reversal is very instructive. It's true of course, that there's a more positive way to assess the situation. A colleague of mine at Yale writes, were it not for the United States initiatives, and a commitment by President Bush to use the United Nations, the Security Council could have been expected to pass an anodyne resolution condemning Iraq and perhaps calling for sanctions but doing a little more. Iraq would have hunkered down and waited for the dust to settle or attention to be diverted to some current crisis, while it consolidate its control over Kuwait. Probably so. And it's possible that as a result of the US efforts, a genuinely multilateral collective security system will yet emerge over time, one that does not depend on so much on the energy and resources of the United States. But it is I submit, distort ive to assert, as my colleague goes on to do, that on this occasion, and I quote, \"The United Nations became a significant force encountering the Iraqi aggression.\" As Secretary General Perez de Cuellar remarked to the press, on February 10. The Persian Gulf War was not and I quote, \"A classic United Nations war in the sense that there is no United Nations control of the operations, no United Nations flag, blue helmets, or any engagement of the military Staff Committee.\" And then he continued, \"What we know about the war, is what we hear from the three members of the Security Council, which are involved, Britain, France and the United States. Which every two or three days report to the council after the actions take place. The Security Council, which has authorized all of this, is informed only after the military actions have taken place.\" And then signaling a discernible discomfort with the turn of events and a serious concern for the loss of human life. The Secretary General ruefully added, As I am not a military expert, I cannot evaluate how necessary are the military actions taking place now. I consider myself head of an organization, which is first of all, a peaceful organization, and secondly, a humanitarian organization.\" Ladies and gentlemen, from November 8th forward, when as I mentioned before President Bush unilaterally announced the doubling of US troops strength in the Persian Gulf, I mean, unilaterally not just in terms of the UN, he didn't even consult Congress. A pattern of barely polite tolerance for the United Nations and its legal requirements became manifest. So contrary to the popular wisdom, that has been assiduously cultivated by Washington, and its allies. The process of war peace decision that led to resolution 678, and its hostile aftermath, appears to have had in my judgment, to have more to do with personal leadership styles and geo strategic self interests, about which I can say more in the Q and A session afterwards. There's some interesting scenarios you might like to hear, had more to do with that than it did with the vindication of international law or the celebration of the United Nations. You take away Kuwait's oil, and let's face it, Iraq's aggression probably would have been dismissed as a minor regional irritant at best, a minor blip on the radar screen of international diplomacy. An authentically multilateral strategy, truly committed to the avoidance of war, and otherwise showing genuine respect for the purposes and principles of the United Nations, was not what took place, at least not after November 8th. Underneath the surface, something else was going on. And my point is this, in the same way that it is legal or legitimate, excuse me, in the same way that what is legal or legitimate is not always just, so is it true, that what may be legal or legitimate in a technical sense is not always praiseworthy, and this was not praiseworthy. The world beyond our shores knows this. There is today particularly with the unambiguous military victory over Iraq, a widening apprehension that the United Nations depended upon American large jest, and stripped of the prior check and balance of Cold War rivalry, has become but a venue for imposing upon the world, a Pax or use Americana. An apprehension that the New World Order of which President Bush speaks, will in fact be a unipolar world of unbridled American power, in which Washington will enforce its economic and strategic policies worldwide, in whatever way or ways it sees fit. Not that the United States should not seek the vindication of international law, in the Persian Gulf or anywhere else, that it may be threatened. It should, and it should do so not withstanding its own recent lapses over precisely the core rules, it purports to be defending, or it's too selective approach to the application of international law against others, all of which bespeaks in unseemly hypocrisy on Washington's part. The point is, that it should do so in a manner that demonstrates true respect for multilateral responsibility and accountability, akin to what the San Francisco drafters had in mind in 1945, a model for combating aggression everywhere and not just where the United States feels that it has a disproportionate responsibility. Ladies and gentlemen, the time is long past due, that the United States and others reject the old diplomacy, the old violence. The time is long past due, that everyone pursue right process in the most comprehensive humanitarian sense. It's necessary in order to ensure our collective well being, it's probably necessary in order to ensure our collective survival. As William Butler Yeats once warned, at an earlier critical time, the World Order challenge. There is no longer a virtuous nation, and the rest of us live by candlelight. Thank you for listening to me. If you'd like to ask questions, I'll try to figure out some answers. And perhaps we can have a discussion. If you'd stand up so I can hear you and so the others can hear you clearly that would be very nice. Yes.\r\n\r\n- I never had the speech in your discussion but.\r\n\r\n- That won't stop you, right?\r\n\r\n- The concept to my question is, can you or anybody else in this room name one country that the United States has involved heavily militarily in, and as a result of that intervention is now a stable democracy or, since World War Two. Can you think of any countries?\r\n\r\n- You mean since World War Two?\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, South Korea. But there's a big compromise involved. And most of the times where those stable regimes exist, there's been an enormous sacrifice of human rights. Because it's generally favorite totalitarian or authoritarian regimes of one sort or another. And still does I might add, in South Korea, despite the loosening up in the last few years. I mean, you put your finger on something very important if you just think about what's happened to Panama. Or I suppose you could say Grenada. Grenada's stable now, they are attracting tourism. But your point's well taken? Yes, sir.\r\n\r\n- Can you comment on the proposals Ramsey Clark made a fortnight ago.\r\n\r\n- I'm sorry, I didn't hear what you said.\r\n\r\n- Can you comment on the proposal Ramsey Clark made?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I know Ramsey has proposed, I don't know, I haven't seen his most recent refinements of that. But, so I may not be speaking specifically to his precise recommendation. I think it's not a black and white, open and shut kind of matter. There's no question, that what's happened, at the behest of Saddam Hussein and Iraq, and Iraq's leadership, is deserving of being tried in the manner that we try the war criminals after World War Two at Nuremberg, and that we also did in the Far East to Tokyo. If there ever were to be such a tribunal, it would be essential in my view that the United States, Britain and France and the other countries involved in the international military coalition, that was delegated by the Security Council to prosecute this war, not be among those sitting in judgment of Saddam Hussein and the rest of the Iraqi leadership. I say that for two reasons. One, because I think it's absolutely essential that you, in such a situation, try to maintain or establish as much objectivity and impartiality as possible, otherwise it becomes undermined by accusations of victor's justice. But I also say it because, it seems to me that there are others who might well deserve to be brought before such a tribunal. And they don't all come from Iraq. We don't know that completely yet. We're only beginning to find out. I have the pleasure of, If you can call it that, of being involved right now in a potential mission this coming fall to go to Iraq to try to come up with some kind of assessment of what kind of collateral civilian damage actually took place at the hands of the Allied bombings. I think there's a whole lot of hidden history there that we haven't heard about. We were the victims of military press censorship. And there's a lot to be uncovered. There's also the problem that the United States, openly supported Iraq's aggression against Iran a few years ago, in direct contravention of every principles, the United States said that Iraq was violating when it aggressed upon Kuwait. And so that puts us in a very uncomfortable, hypocritical position. My own judgment is, that it's highly unlikely that a War Crimes Tribunal will likely take place soon, if at all. I personally would favor one. I personally would like to see the resurrection of Nuremberg and Tokyo, if it could be handled with a kind of objectivity and impartiality of the sort that I'm speaking. Yes.\r\n\r\n- The tribunal that I was referring to, I think is mainly directed against president Bush.\r\n\r\n- I'm sorry. Well, actually, I understand Ramsey, he's proposed two different, I didn't know which one you're referring to. He's proposed two different. Pardon me. Okay, I think that there are crimes here that need to be examined. I don't wanna say crimes ahead of time. I think there are allegations of crimes here that need to be examined. Yes, I agree with that. But that will never happen. We all know that. Not with popularity polls at, what? 91%, 82%, whatever it is. See, one of the crimes I think that we have to think about here, is what's happening right now. The Kurds are being massacred. Shiites of course, also in southern Iraq are being massacred. But, the Kurds especially, are these incredibly maligned people over the centuries, not just by Iraq I might add, but by Iran and Turkey. Part of the point of what I've been trying to say here is, that if this had been a genuinely multilateral UN sponsored, UN run, UN controlled war, not at the hands of the single power where decisions are being made in the Oval Office and really nowhere else. Then we would not be in the position I think right now, of wringing our hands and wondering what we'd be doing about the Kurds. Because then there wouldn't be a question of whether or not the United States should intervene in Iraq's internal affairs, the UN could go in, with complete under authority under the UN Charter in the name of the preservation of human rights, which is one of the principal purposes for which the UN stands, and take some action. I think it's criminal what's going on right now. It's not a war crime, in the technical sense of Nuremberg or Tokyo, but it's certainly morally criminal. And that the United States essentially stands by, and doesn't even offer rhetorical assistance to the Kurdish people. Strikes me as as an obscenity of the highest order. Did you use, I'm sorry.\r\n\r\n- I wanted to ask you about the, a department called EMC, within the UN, putting together this, gratifying with the United states. Is it the legal department or the state department that use the, one that writes all this up? Who's the its seems to me there's only a handful of people who can.\r\n\r\n- You mean in the drafting of the resolution I was referring to?\r\n\r\n- Is Bush really thinking this all out? Has he got some. .\r\n\r\n- Bush never went to law school. That's plainly evident. No, he's not riding it out. But he's getting advice from, the legal advisors Office or the State Department, has over the years been considered sort of the, I don't know whether the kind of term I can give it. It's sort of the blue ribbon panel of lawyers for foreign policy for the United States. Usually, the kind of stuff they do is fairly routine. I don't mean to say that it's not important by saying it's routine, but it doesn't involve always these hot, politically contentious issues of war and peace. But more things like about territorial border disputes, refugee problems, things that are of a lesser political, volatile sort. In this instance, it's very clear from at least everything I've heard, that the legal advisors office, the State Department, together with the legal advisors, Office of the British Foreign Ministry, were the principal drafters of the resolution. And that both the United Kingdom and the United States, were about as tough as anybody could possibly be in the bargaining of the wording that finally got hammered out. Just as you may have noticed, over the course the last few days with this new resolution that the Security Council adopted relative to establishing a permanent ceasefire. I mean, this stuff has, this have emanates from Washington primarily. Now, that's not to say that somebody shouldn't take the initiative. I mean, I think there's nothing inappropriate for the United States to engage in taking the initiative and so forth. It's what happens once the initiative has been taken. And there's a kind of an obduracy and obstinacy, that sets in. As you see, really, to make sense of everything I said, tonight, in a way, I really have to try to free associate a little bit about what's lying behind all this. So I think that there's far more that's going on here than just the legal niceties of trying to preserve principles against non-aggression and territorial independence and political sovereignty and all that sort of thing. And the vitality of the United Nations itself. Lemme if I may indulge you for just a few minutes, let you in on some things that I've heard, and have been, that's been kicking around in the back of my mind, and certainly has shaped the way I've been thinking about this whole problem. And I don't want to say by the way, let me hasten the point out. I don't wanna say that anything I'm about to say is exactly as things have unfolded, or that it was in fact, predetermined and planned this particular way at a particular time on a particular occasion, et cetera. But there's enough pieces that seem to come together to make a certain rational sense as to what's been happening. First of all, I think you've gotta go back to the election of President Reagan in 1980. You've gotta remember, that when we came out of the 70s, with the president who was in my judgment, remarkably restrained, vis-à-vis Iran, but who nevertheless suffered heavily politically from it. And President Reagan rode into the White House on a white steed proclaiming that America was back again. And boy, he was gonna give us all this sense of... What shall I say? Pride, wonderment in our own capabilities, et cetera. And he did a lot of that. And this guy was phenomenal, as a communicator. He appointed a man as Secretary of State with the name of Alexander Haig, you may have forgotten that Alexander Haig was Secretary of State, but he was for a brief time. And friends of mine who were in the State Department at the time, told me, I got phone calls, people were just shocked by this. Called up and said, the first thing that Haig told us when we got us all together, these included friends of mine in the legal advisors office said, \"What we need is a good little war.\" And I think the Reagan administration started looking around for good little war's, and found a few. Found one in Grenada, and it found one in Libya. Neither of which were warranted, and were condemned by the United Nations and by other international organizations as being violative of international law for a variety of reasons. But it helped to diminish a little bit, the so called Vietnam Syndrome it helped restore American pride and sense that we could still send soldiers out there and not be defeated in the jungles, et cetera. And then President Bush comes to power, with a wimp factor image, with political deaths in Houston, with all kinds of concerns about the fact that the Soviet Union was demilitarizing, and what are we gonna do with the Pentagon budget? That obviously is inflated. And I might add by the way, I don't know how many of you realize how inflated. But when President Reagan came into office, about a year or so after he came into office, he announced the massive buildup of military spending for the Pentagon, what was it, $1.2 trillion over a six year period? I never quite figured out what that meant. I was never good at math and numbers boggle me. And so, this shows how naive I was, I picked up my pocket calculator, try to figure out what that meant. And obviously, my pocket calculator wasn't big enough to handle it. So I had to go down to the dean's office and get one of the big machines that we had. And I figured it out. That $1.2 trillion, came out to roughly two million, 200 thousands of dollars a day for every day since the birth of Jesus Christ. I started thinking about inner city decay, potholes in Haiti, not enough money for faculty salaries, not enough fellowships and scholarships for students, et cetera. And I began to get kind of concerned about where we're spending our money. But that's the direction this country was going. President Bush comes to power. And he decides to have a nice little war, down in Panama. A mere nine months before he condemned Saddam Hussein for doing precisely what the United States did in Panama. But an interesting thing happened to Panama. And you gotta ask yourself, why did we do this? Well, we didn't do it to get in Noriega, that I don't think was, that may have been an excuse. But that wasn't the principal reason. We didn't do it either, because we thought the United States was somehow gonna be destabilized. And there had been absolutely no evidence of any possible threat to the Panama Canal. Which when push comes to shove is not all that essential, anyway, when you've got Air Cargo capabilities, if you have to overcome a shutdown of the canal for a period of time. I mean, over a long haul it would, but short period of time wouldn't make that much difference. But what do we use there, in that war? Anybody remember? We sought out general Noriega with stealth bombers. Now you tell me why we needed stealth bombers to try and find Mr. Noriega? I'll tell you why, because we'd never used them before. We didn't know whether they worked. So we wanted to fly them in combat missions to see what they would do. Now add a few more straws to the wind here. Last April, this by the way is in the print media, you can find this out, I didn't I mean, I don't have security clearance, God knows could never even get it as you can imagine. Last April, all major tank divisions in the United States were ordered to redeploy or re I don't, there's a word I'm looking for, relocate at Fort Hood, Texas. Anybody know what Fort Hood Texas is? Fort Hood, Texas is where the United States trains and in Southern California, that was another location. Where they train US troops and particularly tank battalions for desert warfare. This was last April. Also, at about that time, there were orders placed to foreign clothing manufacturers for desert camouflage uniforms. Somewhere An excess of 500,000. Why? What do we need them for? Why were we training for desert warfare back in April? Okay, comes along July 25. Ambassador Glaspie has a conversation with Saddam Hussein. You've all read about it recently in the papers. There's some dispute, obviously about who said what to whom. But the bottom line comes out that the United States in some way, shape or form kind of gave the green light to Saddam Hussein to go ahead with Kuwait because it really didn't matter. It was an in ternary problem, we weren't gonna be upset. And you're gonna see a whole lot of backpedaling and maneuvering on the part of the United States administration to suggest that it was otherwise, to suggest that this was just a major flaw, a major error, a lack of coordination, not good foresight, et cetera. But my own sense is that, this was a sting operation. That Ambassador Glaspie was set up. Saddam Hussein was invited. He moved, we had our provocation. And why do I say that? Well, July 25 is nine days away from August second. And if we were so unconcerned on July 25, nine days before Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, why was it that we were pencil and paper in hand at the UN Security Council screaming and ranting on August second, about the fact that Saddam Hussein had earlier that day invaded Kuwait? Why the sudden change in policy position? I have to ask myself, is it possible there was no change at all that maybe there was a very consistent policy all along, we were just waiting for the right moment to say what we wanted to say and do? And why is it, that president Bush and the administration never demonstrated to anyone, that Saudi Arabia ever was really threatened by Iraq. We were told that Saudi Arabia was threatened by Iraq, and Saudi Arabia was told by the United States that Saudi Arabia was threatened by Iraq, and the United States asked Saudi Arabia to ask the United States to come to Saudi Arabia. But Saudi Arabia was not being threatened, as far as I can tell. The dispute that existed between Saddam Hussein and Kuwait was over oil prices, was over the Kuwaiti subversion of the Ramallah oil field, over offshore islands, and over free port access to deep water in the Persian Gulf. I'm not saying that he might not, I mean that guy is nuts. The guy is a certified sociopath, I think. And I think that he might well have done something and so, did probably the rest of the American public. And therefore it was very easy to justify the doubling of US troops strength, again, without consulting anyone, not even Congress. So that by the time November 29, rolled around, you had a fairly substantial force there already. And the United Nations was put in a position not dissimilar, to what the United Nations was put in at the time of Korea back in 1950, a fait accompli on the part of the United States, and a clearly great desire to go to war. Now, why? If all this is true, why? Why would we wanna go to war? I don't believe, I can't believe any of you would believe, that it's because we want to protect Kuwait, from external aggression as such, or that we're trying to uphold principles of law about political independence and territorial sovereignty and all that stuff. It's important stuff, but I don't mean to trivialize it by talking about it that way. In a certain sense, I might add, it's wonderful that the administration has talked this way because let me tell you, there are some of us who are gonna remind the administration that it has this obligation to uphold international law now that it's spoken so strongly in favor of it. But, some of the deals that were made, and this is stuff that I was hearing back last August, after the aggression upon Kuwait, from people who I know in Washington, who are connected in the Pentagon or in the State Department, friends who are based in local, In local think tanks like the Heritage Foundation. I even do know people in the Heritage Foundation, various, the Brookings Institution and so forth, people who are sort of State Department watchers, foreign policy watchers. There was a general scenario making the rounds. And I don't believe all of it. But there's enough of it there, to make some sense. Think about it. For many years, the United States didn't seem to be too concerned about Iraq, why? Because Iraq was fighting Iran. Iran and Iraq, we're gonna hopefully kill each other off. That didn't happen. They both came off with a kind of a stalemate, and Iraq was left with a pretty powerful war machine. This concerned Israel, who is Israel? Israel is a very important friend of the United States. We spend $3 billion a year and plus on Israel, to keep Israel a float. And we also have long maintained within Israeli borders, not for Israeli use but for US use, military arms, including nuclear weapons, in case of potential breakout of war in the Middle East region. So it's important to protect Israel. And Iraq obviously, is a major threat to Israel, as was proven certainly in this crisis. So, how do you get a force together that is going to knock Saddam Hussein's war making capacity out of commission? Well, some of the scenarios went like this. Israel really wants to take over southern Lebanon so that it doesn't keep getting shot at by Palestinians who are discontented. So we'll let Israel go up in southern Lebanon further than it did, which we have done. All the way up to the Litani river. And we will assure Syria, that that's no threat to Syria, because we'll let Syria take over northern Lebanon, down to the Litani River. And that my friends has already happened. Northern Lebanon is now de facto Syria, no matter what anybody says. And southern Lebanon is now de facto Israel, in many respects. Scenario further goes, that sooner or later, there will be a kind of a Camp David accord between Israel and Syria, that will allow the return of the Golan Heights to Syria, which of course, may not happen particularly given the existing government of Israel. But nevertheless, it's been talked about you'll notice recently. And in exchange for that, and particularly given Yasser arafat's classic, stupid, dumb blunder that is my judgment, requires that he be removed from PLO leadership. I might add, I say that, not withstanding that I strongly support the right of Palestinian self determination. Allow Israel to take over the West Bank, and Gaza, will topple King Hussein because he won't be able to hold on for very much longer, and all the Palestinians will move to Jordan and Jordan will become Palestine, as it were. Northern Iraq has some very interesting territories that produce oil and they happen also to have been territories that belong to the Ottoman Empire, and Turkey still has an interest in those. And we will in order to ensure Turkey's participation in this war, tender the possibility that those northern territories will be allowed to be returned to Turkey. And as for Iran, well, we'll really crush Saddam so that he'll have no opportunity of ever again being a threat to Iran, as long as Iran will stay out of this. And we might even allow Syria to nibble a little bit of western Iraq, in exchange for, with Iran's help, the release of the Western hostages still in Lebanon. And then where will the United States be? The United States and this I heard in August of this last year, not this January, but in August. The United States, either alone or with the help of certain allies, and it turned out in this instance, to be France and Britain, will move a military force into southern Iraq, cordoned off the area, and thereby be in a position to sort of call the shots as far as the future of Iraq is concerned. But it'll also be happening to be with political chits to call from Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia, and the Emirates and the other Arab states. It'll be in a position to be sitting on top of essentially 50% of the world's oil reserves. And thereby to be able to control critical trade negotiations that will be starting to take place in 1992, particularly with respect to Japan and Germany. Cynical, you bet. That's cynical, realistic, maybe not all together. There's a lot of it, that doesn't really make sense. But there's enough of it that does. And while I'm willing to agree that the international law, and the celebration of the United Nations, has been a legitimate expression of concern on part of much of the international community in the context of this crisis, it has been for the most part, I think from the viewpoint of Washington, a fig leaf to cover over these more deep, more Machiavellian geo strategic interests that needed to be served. I think that's what's really been driving the machine. And what bothers me about it is, that a lot of people died as a consequence. I think that's very sad. So that maybe gives you some sort of a background on why I've reached some of the conclusions I have. Anybody else? Thank you very much for, yeah, sure.\r\n\r\n- Margaret Thatcher August 2nd was given credit for doing something to boost the resolve. Is there anything?\r\n\r\n- I've heard that too. I know, she's been known, I mean she's known as the Iron Lady. It was she after all, who thrust Britain into the Persian Gulf crisis. I mean, she was the one who really was the stalwart supporter of United States policy. You might even say that to some extent, she was in part, part of the architect of that policy. I mean, Bush after all was rather new to playing president. And he, saw Margaret Thatcher' who'd already had experience in the Falkland Islands. And so these things, I think there's some element of truth to this that helped to give him some backbone. I don't know how far to go with that, though honestly. Yeah, yes.\r\n\r\n- Well, since you said that the Soviet Union peace initiative to get the credit to end the war in the Gulf.\r\n\r\n- Too little too late.\r\n\r\n- And so as a means for the Soviet Union, not having United States becoming a power broker in the region of the Middle East.\r\n\r\n- Well, I think that was a very very serious Soviet concern. And you see, I think what you're witnessing there was a Soviet Foreign policy that shifted when Shevardnadze was no longer foreign minister. And then once Mr. Bessmertnykh came in, you have a more hard line approach. I mean, Mr. Bessmertnykh has never been a particular fan of the United States, in the way Shevardnadze least seem to be at least reported to be. And I think Bessmertnykh was getting Gorbachev's ear. And the line was, look you can't let the United States call all the shots, it's gonna become global cop, which in fact, we are now. And I think that what happened here, is that the Soviet Union was trying to make sure that this was not gonna be a totally unipolar world. But the United States at this point knew full well that it had all the cards, and could call all the shots, and told the Soviet Union politely, where to go. Yes, in the very back, yes.\r\n\r\n- I'm sorry, I didn't hear what you said.\r\n\r\n- How important do you think the role of the military play in decides into the military budget plans, in getting into these?\r\n\r\n- You mean the whole business of the peace dividend and that sort of thing? The potential anxiety over the peace dividend and the cuts in the Pentagon budget? I think it had a role, I don't know how dominant a role. I think it definitely had a role. I don't think there's any one explanation for all this. I think it's a multitude of explanations. I think also our role, was Mr. Bush's concern for his own reputation as a leader, the so called wimp image, I think that was very important. I think very important too, is this whole Vietnam Syndrome stuff. At the very end of this war, what did we hear and read in the press? What we read was, wow, I mean, this is what everybody was talking about, this was the most important thing on everybody's lips. We finally got rid of the Vietnam Syndrome. We're no longer to get pushed around by a third world power. Big deal. But it was one of the explanations. So I think it's just one, I don't think you can say any one thing was the explanation. I think it's a series of things, that makes very conveniently, was some Machiavellian strategic scenarios that the United States wanted to pursue. And conveniently used law to, In effect disguise what it was trying to achieve. There was another hand, yes. I'm having a hard time understanding you cause you're talking too fast, and I don't quite catch it all. Could you a little bit slower?\r\n\r\n- I Would you like to produce comment about the lasting solution of the UN, on the cohesion to Iraq to then move away from.\r\n\r\n- You mean in terms of the recent resolution that's being.\r\n\r\n- Yeah the legitimation and the consequences in the future, seems to me that there is a kind of a global standard from where deviation comes from to prohibit to other countries to develop nuclear weapons like United States and other nations and communists.\r\n\r\n- Okay, first of all, the question is, if I understood the question, let me repeat it to make sure I've got it right. Now, the word is the United Nations come around having the authority to tell Iran to dismantle its nuclear and chemical and other capabilities for weapons of mass destruction, et cetera. Is that your question essentially? Okay. The first and quick answer to that is we won, they lost, all right. And because Saddam Hussein played very foolishly. I mean, if I may join that, that popular expression that everybody is doing these days, he's the mother of all fools. I mean, every time he was given an opportunity, he didn't take it. Okay, now I'm not sure he should have all the time, for reasons that I mentioned earlier in my talk.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/43279/file/116132#t=0.0,2887.776"}]}]}]}