{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/kw57d2r22t/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Lapidus, Gail Warshofsky, The Rise of Nationalism and Ethnic Conflicts"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["RS008-006-053 (call number)","AV203960 (UID)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["The Rise of Nationalism and Ethnic Conflicts is a November 5, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Gail Lapidus. Gail Lapidus discusses challenges facing countries transitioning from communism.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines. (accessibility)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Local Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["Lectures_AV203960"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["The Rise of Nationalism and Ethnic Conflicts. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Ark"]},"value":{"en":["https://n2t.net/ark:/87292/w9pz51s0s"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1990-11-05"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["lectures","Sound"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Lapidus, Gail Warshofsky (speaker)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["1/4 inch audio cassette"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Post-communism","Nationalism","Ethnic conflict","Autonomy and independence movements"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["Former communist countries (spatial)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Committee on Lectures records (RS 8/6/53) (physical collection)","Iowa State Lectures Series (digital collection)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["The Rise of Nationalism and Ethnic Conflicts is a November 5, 1990 event in the Iowa State University Lecture Series featuring Gail Lapidus. Gail Lapidus discusses challenges facing countries transitioning from communism.","This item was captioned by Rev.com in conformance with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility guidelines."]},"requiredStatement":{"label":{"en":["Attribution"]},"value":{"en":["Per request by the creator, access to this item is restricted to scholarly use only.","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. In addition, no permission is required from the rights-holder(s) for educational uses. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s)."]}},"provider":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa State University"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/741/small/lecture.png?1626718021","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_a.mp3"]},"duration":2806.944,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/741/small/lecture.png?1626718021","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/119/741/original/AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_a.mp3?1626718021","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2806.944,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_a.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e It's introduction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=3.1,4.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to encourage you to attend tomorrow's lectures.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=4.007,6.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At noon tomorrow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=8.706,9.539"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have Dr. Kopanski speaking here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=9.539,12.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on \"Islam and Muslims of Eastern Europe.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=12.27,15.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also tomorrow night at eight o'clock in this room again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=15.59,19.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have Dr. Phillip Bom speaking on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=19.23,21.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Iron Curtain Calls: Problems Facing Theater","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=21.697,24.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Eastern Europe.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=24.97,26.157"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight's speaker is a New York native,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=29.19,31.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who received her bachelor's degree from Radcliffe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=31.77,35.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and both her master's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=35.26,36.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a PhD with distinction from Harvard University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=36.85,40.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mrs. Lapidus now resides in Berkeley, California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=41.39,45.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where she's a professor of political science","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=45.0,48.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and directs the Berkeley Stanford program on Soviet studies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=48.05,52.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Author of numerous studies on Soviet politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=53.02,56.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and foreign policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=56.76,58.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including the recently published Glasnost Papers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=58.62,62.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"She is currently working on a book entitled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=62.7,65.117"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Ethnonationalism and Political Stability in the USSR,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=65.117,69.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a study on rising ethnic tensions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=70.91,73.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Soviet strategies for managing a multicultural state.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=73.5,77.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tonight's speech is \"The Rise of Nationalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=78.47,81.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Ethnic Conflicts.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=81.55,83.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Will you all, please join me in welcoming Mrs. Gail Lapidus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=83.86,88.368"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(crowd clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=88.368,91.118"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=98.555,99.388"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's an honor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=99.388,100.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a pleasure to be here with you this evening.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=100.41,102.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's marvelous to have an opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=103.92,106.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to join in this extraordinary series of lectures,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=106.22,110.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which all of you have put together.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=110.44,113.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the topic of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=113.26,115.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this week's institute couldn't be more appropriate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=115.53,119.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The past few years have seen tumultuous changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=119.61,123.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=123.48,127.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Revolutionary changes that have really had the effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=127.04,131.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of undoing a great range of economic and political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=131.02,135.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and social arrangements that have long been associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=135.81,139.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with communist rule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=139.39,141.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these developments have also had the effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=141.6,143.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of transforming East-West relations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=143.8,146.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bringing an end to the cold war in Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=146.94,151.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bringing an end to major regional conflict on a global scale","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=151.0,155.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we're connected with the East-West conflict in Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=157.35,161.983"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in that sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=163.0,164.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these changes have not only a local","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=164.75,167.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and regional significance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=167.33,168.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also a global significance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=168.95,172.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And obviously, yeah,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=172.17,173.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of these developments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=173.82,176.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's been a good deal to celebrate in the past few years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=176.47,180.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and especially in the past year and a half.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=180.18,183.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And for all of these reasons I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=183.02,186.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there has been a certain justifiable degree of euphoria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=187.55,192.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as we look at these dramatic transformations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=192.33,195.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many things, as I say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=196.63,198.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we can happily celebrate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=198.1,201.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The sweep of the democratic revolutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=201.2,204.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"across Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=204.23,205.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and increasingly inside the Soviet Union itself,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=205.83,209.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which accompany a kind of reaffirmation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=209.88,213.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of very fundamental values of liberty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=213.63,216.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"moral values, the value of truthfulness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=217.63,220.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and honesty in politics and the demand for growing economic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=220.27,224.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as for political freedom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=224.75,227.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of these things, as I say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=227.78,229.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are worthy of being celebrated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=229.2,231.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is also important to recognize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=232.36,235.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that what we're seeing in this part of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=235.28,237.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is an extraordinarily traumatic process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=237.47,240.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a process that is likely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=240.84,243.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be accompanied by extremely painful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=243.82,248.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and difficult times in the coming months","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=248.2,250.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the coming years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=250.705,253.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not at all clear for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=253.07,255.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how successfully the new East European regimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=255.55,259.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be able to navigate what is going to be a very painful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=259.14,263.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very treacherous transition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=263.78,266.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the Soviet case is even more problematic than the case","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=266.8,270.925"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of many Eastern European countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=270.925,274.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Soviet Union has not even yet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=274.42,277.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"caused the kind of threshold that is now been crossed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=277.04,280.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in countries like Poland and Hungary and Czechoslovakia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=280.93,285.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not to mention East Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=285.36,286.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The regime in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=288.31,291.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is far more deeply rooted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=291.07,294.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the communist regimes of Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=294.47,297.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has much deeper historical roots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=297.21,300.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has been in existence for a much longer period of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=300.01,304.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=304.33,305.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course the experience of democratic governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=305.64,308.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is far more remote historically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=308.55,311.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far more distant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=311.24,312.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"far more limited.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=312.76,314.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the opposition forces in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=314.48,317.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are in many ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=317.25,318.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both weaker than they were in Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=318.65,321.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly a good deal, more fragmented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=321.61,323.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that the key obstacle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=325.78,328.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most important complication,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=328.48,331.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most significant","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=331.37,332.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and critical complication to the prospects for a peaceful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=332.72,337.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and benign transition to political democracy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=338.17,343.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to economic marketization in Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=343.11,346.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=346.47,348.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been the re-emergence of nationalism as a virulent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=348.25,352.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and very destructive force in the politics of Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=352.8,357.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of the Soviet Union as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=357.26,359.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I think it's important","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=360.57,363.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take as one's point of departure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=363.08,365.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that nationalism encompasses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=365.61,367.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very broad spectrum of attitudes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=367.55,370.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political orientations, political movements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=370.71,374.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It can in many cases be a virulent and destructive force,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=374.47,379.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is also associated with the opposite.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=379.07,383.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It can often spring from a very healthy concern with roots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=383.39,388.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It can often be a source of tremendous political vitality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=389.3,392.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political creativity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=392.9,394.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether or not the force of nationalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=394.87,397.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will take constructive or destructive directions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=397.6,402.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is something that is very much a product","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=402.13,404.696"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a particular context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=404.696,407.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in any case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=407.56,408.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole revival of nationalism and of virulent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=408.58,413.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and xenophobic forms of nationalism in Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=413.1,416.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=416.77,418.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think is an enormously complicating factor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=418.59,422.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this whole painful process of transition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=422.46,425.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I think there were a number of distinct obstacles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=426.84,431.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or distinct problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=431.5,432.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that all of these regimes will have to face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=432.81,435.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And obviously one could devote an entire lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=435.4,438.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to any one of the East European countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=438.51,441.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly an entire series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=441.94,443.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to all of them collectively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=443.96,445.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not to mention the whole complexity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=445.79,448.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet scene as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=448.42,450.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And given the need to compress this very enormous subject","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=450.21,455.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the scope of one very brief lecture,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=456.2,458.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously I'm going to slur over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=458.93,461.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many of the significant differences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=461.3,464.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from one country to another in Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=464.05,466.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and obviously slur over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=466.86,469.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also some of the very distinctive complications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=469.25,473.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet scene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=473.19,475.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to provide a very broad overview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=475.12,478.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a very intricate set of questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=478.41,480.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But for all of these regimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=481.91,483.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem of nationalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=483.66,485.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"complicates the other major crisis that they face.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=485.91,490.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of them to one or another degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=490.13,493.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"face a crisis of the political transition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=493.13,496.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They all face the question of whether","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=497.65,500.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in those regimes that have already moved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=500.61,503.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the direction of establishing democratic governments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=503.49,507.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether these new movements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=507.27,509.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these new political movements now in power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=509.42,513.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but movements that were initially formed in opposition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=513.26,516.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the prevailing communist regimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=516.84,519.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they will be able to successfully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=519.59,521.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"transform themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=521.39,523.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into effective governing parties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=523.09,525.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they will be able to sink deep roots","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=525.54,530.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the popular mood,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=531.997,533.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they'll be able to retain public confidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=533.51,537.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they have to push forward extremely painful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=537.61,541.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and difficult policies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=541.5,543.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they will be able to maintain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=543.16,545.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the broad support of a coalition of forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=545.13,548.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or will themselves increasingly fragment into a hostile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=548.36,553.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and warring groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=553.72,554.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they'll be able to sustain","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=554.96,556.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the kind of broad popular consensus that they will need","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=556.95,560.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they are going to effectively lead their countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=560.73,563.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"through this very painful process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=563.67,565.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This remains an open question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=565.86,568.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=568.07,569.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we are seeing very dramatically in Poland at this moment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=569.36,572.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the breakup of what was one solidarity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=572.23,575.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into at least two major and warring groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=575.58,580.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the one hand,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=581.21,582.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is to be expected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=582.23,583.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because many of these broad movements like Solidarity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=583.58,588.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were coalitions that could form only","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=588.02,591.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a sense in opposition to the prevailing regimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=591.83,595.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's quite natural that once the enemy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=595.12,598.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had united these very diverse forces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=598.82,601.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and movements has been more or less","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=601.63,603.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"eliminated from the scene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=603.67,605.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that different orientations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=605.25,606.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different personalities will emerge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=606.78,609.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and these movements will fragment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=609.54,611.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what form that fragmentation will take,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=611.51,614.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether it will make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=614.37,615.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"various forms of alliances and cooperation impossible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=615.82,619.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how the leaders of the various fragments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=619.55,622.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will deal with each other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=622.31,624.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether they will be able to deal with each other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=624.12,626.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact using new norms and new styles of behavior","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=627.67,631.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whether they will resort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=631.77,634.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to more barbaric forms of political conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=634.06,638.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This remains at the moment still a great unknown.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=638.05,641.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second major set of problems that confronts all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=643.07,646.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these newly established democratic governments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=646.3,649.851"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and obviously that confronts even those","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=649.851,652.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that haven't entered into this transition process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=652.33,656.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the problems of economic crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=656.36,659.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of these countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=659.55,661.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are moving through this transition process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=661.22,665.215"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in very favorable economic environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=665.215,669.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of them to one or another degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=669.85,673.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are suffering from very low levels of productivity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=673.2,676.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not outright economic stagnation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=676.32,679.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"None of them have an economic infrastructure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=679.12,683.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which places them very effectively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=683.06,685.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be able to deal with the world market","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=685.33,688.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on equal terms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=691.369,693.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=693.15,694.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of the policies pursued by communist governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=694.82,698.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over many years face labor forces,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=698.76,701.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are not highly disciplined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=701.9,703.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are accustomed to a high degree of stability,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=703.86,707.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and security as well as to a low performance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=707.04,710.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the effort to impose competition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=710.73,713.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the discipline of the marketplace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=713.44,715.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be extremely difficult to carry through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=715.73,718.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the whole process of marketization itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=720.15,723.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is enormously difficult.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=723.24,725.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, it is historically unprecedented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=725.47,728.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are no successful models anywhere","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=728.46,731.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of societies that have moved from command economies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=731.81,736.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from state socialist economies to market systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=736.57,740.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of the historical examples","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=740.67,742.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are of societies that have gone in the opposite direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=742.86,746.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is really nothing much in Western economic theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=746.58,750.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in Western economic practice,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=750.14,752.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that can serve as a very useful guide","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=752.49,756.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this historically unprecedented process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=756.03,759.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is an enormously difficult than complicated undertaking.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=759.29,764.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"No one has any quick and easy solutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=764.52,767.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the hordes of Western economic advisors","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=767.95,771.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who have been descending on these various countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=771.75,774.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and offering them advice about everything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=774.96,777.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from how to create stock markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=777.79,779.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to sort of how to set up banking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=779.83,781.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and tax systems and so on,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=781.82,783.742"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of the we're often bringing advice based on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=783.742,785.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the experience of Western societies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=785.99,788.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which may or may not be adoptable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=788.21,790.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or relevant in this very different economic context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=790.75,795.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So even in the best of circumstances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=795.28,797.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and probably the East German,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=797.9,800.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the former East Germany","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=800.06,801.809"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"faces the best of all possible circumstances","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=801.809,804.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because that process of transition is essentially guaranteed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=804.95,808.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by its essentially its absorption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=808.73,811.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into the West German economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=811.18,813.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But none of them face a sort of are starting this process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=813.13,817.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from a very favorable starting point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=817.71,820.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's going to be a very difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=820.5,822.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and painful process as the guarantees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=822.72,826.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have been built into these economies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=826.59,829.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fact, have to be taken apart.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=830.7,832.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as enterprises, workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=832.34,834.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whole industry sectors begin to face the painful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=834.82,838.119"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of the painful realities of competition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=838.119,842.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A third major crisis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=843.85,846.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which all of these countries confront","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=846.16,848.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that is obviously connected to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=848.34,851.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but somewhat distinct from the economic crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=851.38,853.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the ecological catastrophe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=853.73,856.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The consequences of its completely heedless","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=856.13,859.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and unbridled exploitation of natural resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=859.99,863.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"without any concern for the environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=863.81,866.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this isn't nearly a marginal question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=866.68,870.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In many of these countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=870.41,871.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ecological crisis is really closely connected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=871.83,875.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with major health crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=875.35,877.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Crisis caused by badly polluted waters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=877.48,881.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By badly polluted soil.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=881.26,883.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By situations for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=884.33,887.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Southern Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=887.53,889.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"massive infant mortality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=889.26,891.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is connected to terrible ecological damage.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=891.48,896.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it is one thing to join ecological movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=896.03,901.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are in part connected with a general movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=901.3,905.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of political protest against what is perceived as an alien","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=905.13,909.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hostile political regime.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=909.61,912.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it's another thing to try to sustain a commitment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=912.29,916.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to ecological movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=916.2,918.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you are now at the same time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=918.89,921.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to do so in a government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=922.63,924.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which you think of as your government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=924.27,926.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a situation in which you're facing major economic crisis,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=926.02,929.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in which dealing with environmental problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=929.74,932.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"simply raises still further","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=932.08,934.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the already unpalatable costs of the economic transition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=934.38,939.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it will be very interesting for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=939.19,941.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see whether the anti-nuclear movements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=941.36,944.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are now sweeping the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=944.64,947.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and closing down one nuclear reactor after another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=947.43,951.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether a movement of this kind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=951.09,953.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which at the moment is directed against","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=953.61,955.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the central communist authorities in Moscow,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=955.76,959.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which until now has had responsibility for developing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=959.2,962.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and building all of these nuclear reactors,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=962.74,964.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of whether if developments in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=964.98,968.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"shift power to democratic movements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=968.72,972.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often at movements that are in control of local","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=973.3,976.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or regional or republic level governments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=976.75,979.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether these ecological movements will continue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=979.28,982.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to close down nuclear power plants","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=982.25,984.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when the only alternative is a massive cut","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=984.77,987.746"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the energy available for their own populations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=987.746,990.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there is no other alternative","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=990.76,993.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to these nuclear plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=993.26,995.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a sense sort of the trade-offs, the costs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=995.42,997.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the price that has to be paid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=997.68,999.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will come to seem very different,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=999.64,1001.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when these movements are no longer directed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1001.96,1004.953"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against what are now seen as alien powers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1004.953,1007.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now to turn them to the problem of nationalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1008.89,1011.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the national revival","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1011.84,1013.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the way in which it is complicated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1013.27,1015.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The political problems in Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1015.99,1018.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1018.53,1020.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think in many ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1020.26,1021.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this revival of nationalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1021.57,1024.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has not only taken us by surprise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1024.06,1026.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"taken the West by surprise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1026.79,1028.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it has been equally a surprise","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1028.96,1031.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and indeed a shock to political activists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1031.5,1034.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political leaders in this part of the world as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1034.75,1038.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think for a number of reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1038.81,1042.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think first of all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1042.3,1043.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Orthodox Marxist-Leninist theory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1043.58,1047.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which was the dominant ideology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1047.03,1049.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1049.75,1051.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also in Eastern Europe for a long period of time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1051.25,1055.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the idea was a sort of not only deeply held","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1055.96,1059.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but sort of widely spread","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1059.32,1061.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that somehow the establishment of socialism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1061.39,1064.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the move toward a higher form of political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1064.14,1068.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1068.16,1070.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would carry with it the gradual disintegration","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1070.07,1073.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of old parochial, traditional loyalties and attachments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1073.21,1078.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That progress economic and political development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1080.86,1084.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially in a context of the building of socialism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1084.77,1088.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would simply eradicate all of the sources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1088.23,1091.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of an ethnic conflict.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1091.13,1092.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"All of the sources of national antagonism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1092.83,1095.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the various peoples of Eastern Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1095.77,1098.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and of the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1098.14,1100.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would live in a socialist society,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1100.12,1102.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which these old antagonisms had been replaced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1102.83,1105.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by fraternal relations of mutual help and solidarity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1105.7,1110.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this myth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1110.26,1111.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of even though it may now in retrospect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1113.54,1115.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seem very much a myth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1115.78,1118.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had achieved some degree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1118.07,1119.999"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had gained some degree of support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1119.999,1123.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Had really come to be believed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1123.18,1124.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by important segments of the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1124.8,1128.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as important segments of East European society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1128.08,1132.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they'd come to believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1132.45,1133.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that to some degree at least,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1133.83,1135.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the degree of harmony had been established","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1135.94,1139.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which enable the transcendence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1139.22,1141.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these old ethnic conflicts and antagonisms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1141.16,1144.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the as the old orders now disintegrate,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1144.46,1147.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and as the combination of political indoctrination","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1147.54,1151.235"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and repression are now eliminated from the scene,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1151.235,1156.235"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the reality is once again reappearing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1156.56,1158.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and people are somewhat taken by surprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1158.95,1161.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think this is dramatic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1162.71,1164.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not only in Eastern Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1164.45,1166.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the Soviet Union itself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1166.27,1169.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You began to see the first signs of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1169.3,1172.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the early Gorbachev era,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1172.36,1174.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of the impact of glasnost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1174.33,1176.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the growing freedom of discussion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1176.8,1179.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about what had earlier been very controversial issues.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1179.57,1183.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"As some of this discussion began","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1184.66,1187.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to challenge the official myth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1187.05,1188.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's clear that Gorbachev himself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1188.73,1191.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the people around him","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1191.23,1192.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were quite taken by surprise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1192.4,1194.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they have themselves had come to believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1194.63,1197.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the solidarity and harmony of socialist society.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1197.38,1201.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with the outbreaks of violence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1201.25,1205.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the sort of ethnic violence in particular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1205.0,1208.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"starting in the very early months","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1208.71,1211.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Gorbachev era","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1211.76,1213.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the demonstrations in Alma-Ata,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1213.28,1216.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"demonstrations that broke out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1216.09,1217.922"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Gorbachev tried to change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1217.922,1220.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the head of the communist party of Kazakhstan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1220.48,1223.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and sent in a Russian instead of a Kazak to had that party.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1223.62,1227.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Massive demonstrations broke out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1227.49,1229.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were brutally put down.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1229.33,1231.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the following years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1231.61,1232.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the conflict over in Nagorno-Karabakh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1232.81,1235.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which pitted Armenians and Azeris against each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1235.15,1239.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it took an enormous toll not only of lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1239.21,1242.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also massive waves of refugees.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1242.39,1246.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first this had happened in recent Soviet history.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1246.05,1250.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then the rise of national movements in the Baltic republics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1250.06,1253.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which increasingly began attacking central policies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1253.49,1258.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which began by demanding greater autonomy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1259.43,1263.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but ended up increasingly demanding complete independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1263.06,1267.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The spread of these sentiments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1267.237,1270.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to other republics with one republic after another,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1270.25,1273.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"passing declarations of sovereignty if not of autonomy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1273.57,1278.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The outbreak of communal violence in Central Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1278.5,1281.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against minority groups that were relatively defenseless.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1281.76,1285.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The counter mobilization of Russian minorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1285.92,1288.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many of the republics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1288.9,1290.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to preserve their status","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1290.16,1292.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their security in the face of rising tensions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1292.88,1296.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But all of this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1296.04,1296.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"clearly took the Gorbachev leadership by surprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1296.873,1300.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if one sort of follows Gorbachev's thinking closely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1300.0,1303.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over this period of time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1303.92,1305.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you could really sort of register his initial shock,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1305.48,1309.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as these kinds of issues found their way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1309.32,1312.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"onto the political agenda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1312.12,1314.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then an effort in which he tries to grapple","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1314.1,1316.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what is going on behind it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1316.52,1318.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of blaming all of these things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1318.21,1320.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at first on political speculators","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1320.23,1323.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or troublemakers who are trying to exploit the environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1323.09,1328.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of perestroika for their own ends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1328.53,1330.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Gradually, over time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1330.82,1332.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming to realize that these are indeed more serious,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1332.47,1335.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more far-reaching problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1335.95,1337.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than had been initially understood,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1337.59,1340.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been initially appreciated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1340.32,1342.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then a gradual effort to incorporate a reform","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1342.24,1346.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the entire Soviet federal system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1346.48,1349.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into his other plans for political and for economic reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1349.14,1354.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something that had been quite absent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1354.83,1357.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the beginning of the Gorbachev era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1358.98,1361.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I think this tremendous upsurge of nationalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1363.24,1366.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Eastern Europe as in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1366.53,1369.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is really inseparable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1369.17,1370.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the whole process of democratization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1370.53,1372.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That with the increasing openness of the political process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1374.09,1379.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the expansion of the boundaries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1379.54,1381.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what was permitted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1381.96,1383.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what was permissible,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1383.31,1385.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social and political activity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1385.11,1387.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sort of with the lifting of the old forms of repression,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1387.6,1392.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all kinds of trends and movements and feelings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1392.68,1396.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have now come to the surface","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1396.85,1399.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and unpleasant ones as well as more promising","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1399.04,1402.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and pleasant ones.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1402.46,1403.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this atmosphere of political democratization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1404.7,1407.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the growing political competition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1407.91,1411.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the use of nationalism is also a potentially","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1411.06,1415.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"powerful instrument in the hands of new social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1415.0,1419.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political movements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1419.4,1421.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who can often use attacks on other groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1421.45,1425.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on minority groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1425.33,1426.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or on other competing national groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1426.71,1429.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a way of mobilizing support,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1429.86,1432.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a way of sort of raising the emotional level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1432.29,1436.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their constituencies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1436.43,1438.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a way of buying off different groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1438.57,1441.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who can't be offered other rewards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1441.84,1444.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that it is not only the rise of nationalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1444.56,1447.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not only connected with the process of democratization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1447.63,1451.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is also,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1451.04,1451.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think further exacerbated by the acute economic problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1451.95,1456.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which this whole region is experiencing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1456.07,1459.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In a situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1459.14,1460.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which there is no expanding economic pie,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1461.4,1466.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which you can reward your supporters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1467.02,1470.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in which promises of an immediate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1470.36,1472.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and better future are not going to look very realistic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1472.41,1477.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One thing that does tend to work in politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1477.3,1480.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the tendency to scapegoat,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1480.3,1482.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to blame others for how awful the situation is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1482.32,1486.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to blame them for the slow pace of possible improvement.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1486.47,1490.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So for all of these reasons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1490.91,1492.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think a variety of political movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1492.38,1495.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all across Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1495.18,1498.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are likely to continue to find the national question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1498.42,1502.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"An issue that they can exploit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1502.39,1504.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for their own political purposes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1504.35,1506.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both to build cohesion among a circle of supporters,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1506.52,1510.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to try to direct frustrations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1510.56,1512.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and resentments against other groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1512.93,1515.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it will be used by governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1515.65,1517.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as by opposition parties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1517.35,1519.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to some degree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1521.03,1521.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by parties across the entire political spectrum.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1521.863,1524.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I think in talking about the rise of nationalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1526.88,1531.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"national movements in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1531.1,1534.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's useful to bear in mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1534.45,1536.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this is a sentiment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1538.764,1539.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a political ideology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1539.91,1542.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that takes a great variety of forms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1542.48,1546.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are different kinds of movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1546.23,1548.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that we lumped together under the label national movements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1548.95,1553.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that really deserve to be distinguished from each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1553.22,1556.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are different phenomenon","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1556.24,1557.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that often get lumped together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1557.61,1559.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and confused in our discussions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1559.58,1561.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let me just suggest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1562.716,1564.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"six different kinds of national movements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1564.64,1567.852"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or manifestations of nationalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1567.852,1572.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which one can see very vividly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1572.27,1574.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1574.88,1577.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First of all, and of course the most familiar kind to us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1578.94,1582.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are those national movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1582.84,1584.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are basically movements of national,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1584.9,1588.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what one might call movements of national liberation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1588.5,1592.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These are movements by groups of people","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1592.65,1596.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who think of themselves as nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1596.12,1598.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who want to create states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1598.65,1600.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on their sense of sharing a common national community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1600.82,1605.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And these are movements that are demanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1605.56,1607.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either a considerable degree of autonomy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1607.78,1611.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within the existing system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1611.35,1613.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or who are asserting a desire for sovereignty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1613.81,1618.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or for full independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1618.08,1621.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, the most common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1621.14,1622.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of perhaps the best known","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1622.19,1623.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these national movements,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1623.61,1624.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course are the movements in the Baltic republics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1624.86,1628.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1628.86,1630.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which perhaps have the most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1630.94,1632.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sot of the most serious claim to recognition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1634.391,1637.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the United States and by the international community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1637.55,1641.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both the Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1641.818,1646.818"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"independent states.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1646.94,1648.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After World War I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1648.53,1650.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they existed as independent states","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1650.48,1652.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"recognized under the League of Nations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1652.82,1655.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1655.18,1657.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when as a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1657.3,1660.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they were next to the Soviet Union and occupied.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1660.17,1664.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they argue in fact that sort of their position is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1664.94,1669.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they were never,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1669.31,1670.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they never legally became part of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1670.6,1673.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are in fact occupied territories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1673.09,1676.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they have been demanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1676.15,1679.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the restoration of their independence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1679.29,1682.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the annulment of Soviet control over their territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1682.36,1686.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in principle, the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1686.5,1689.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/553","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the number of other Western countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1689.6,1692.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/554","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have never legally recognized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1692.69,1694.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/555","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their incorporation into the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1694.49,1697.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/556","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there is a very complicated diplomatic game","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1697.13,1699.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"going on right now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1699.77,1700.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the terms under which their independence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1700.89,1704.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their right to sovereign statehood","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1704.62,1707.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be recognized by the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1707.12,1709.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/561","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the European community, by other European States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1709.51,1713.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/562","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there were also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1714.154,1716.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/563","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another important such national movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1716.43,1719.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/564","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is now taking shape in Czechoslovakia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1721.005,1723.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is a Slovak national movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1723.64,1725.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is increasingly demanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1725.76,1728.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some form of autonomy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1728.81,1730.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if not outright independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1730.33,1732.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1732.76,1733.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is a major current","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1735.647,1737.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in various parts of Yugoslavia as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1737.31,1739.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Slovakia, Croatia, other entities within Yugoslavia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1739.83,1744.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are also moving in this direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1745.06,1747.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as are a number of other republics in the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1747.45,1751.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In recent months,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1751.08,1752.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some 13 of the 15 Soviet republics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1752.06,1755.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have adopted declarations of one or another kind,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1755.74,1759.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insisting on their sovereignty,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1759.58,1761.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"insisting on their right to control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1761.95,1764.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only all of the economic activities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1764.37,1767.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/581","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within their own republics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1767.34,1768.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/582","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also insisting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1768.74,1769.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the right to conduct an independent foreign policy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1769.75,1773.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Independent economic ties","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1773.45,1775.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with other sovereign states membership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1775.19,1778.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United nations and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1778.74,1780.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now at this point,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1780.95,1782.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one can't necessarily take all of these demands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1782.0,1785.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and statements and declarations at face value.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1785.2,1788.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of them may turn out to be sort of stages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1788.48,1792.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in what will ultimately develop as a bargaining process,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1792.93,1796.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which some of these entities will settle","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1796.48,1799.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for something other than full independence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1799.03,1802.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in any case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1802.32,1803.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll want a much greater degree of freedom of action","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1803.153,1806.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and certainly a greater degree","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1806.86,1808.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of recognition by the international community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1808.49,1811.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1812.59,1813.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are one very increasingly widespread","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1813.75,1817.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and powerful form of national movement,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1817.8,1821.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with which the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1821.5,1822.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other governments are going to increasingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1822.98,1825.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have to deal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1825.61,1826.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're going to have to formulate policies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1826.45,1828.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with respect to this issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1828.83,1830.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in ways that we haven't had to until now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1830.6,1832.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second category,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1833.88,1836.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"second variety or manifestation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1836.51,1838.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this rising national self assertion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1838.88,1842.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has taken the form of bitter","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1842.44,1845.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and often very violent conflicts between national groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1845.64,1850.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sometimes these have a territorial base","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1850.22,1852.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and go back to long standings","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1852.7,1855.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of historical differences over territorial claims.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1855.59,1860.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Often they have religious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1860.16,1861.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and cultural and other kinds of overlays.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1861.92,1865.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1865.53,1867.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the national groups may be appealing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1867.37,1870.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"maybe an irredentious territory that is appealing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1870.78,1873.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be rejoined to its own homeland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1873.97,1878.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The case of the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1878.33,1883.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over Nagorno-Karabakh is one such case in point.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1883.29,1887.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is also growing tension elsewhere in Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1888.95,1892.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Transylvanian problem for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1892.96,1895.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is another critical issue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1895.52,1897.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has much in common with the territorial debates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1897.49,1901.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the territorial struggles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1901.67,1903.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between Armenia and Azerbaijan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1903.03,1905.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A third category,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1907.07,1908.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a third type of national movement on national conflict,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1908.81,1913.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I would distinguish from the second,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1916.81,1919.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is really something that one might","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1919.21,1920.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"properly call communal violence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1920.9,1923.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is the tendency for economic grievances to spill over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1923.49,1928.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to be directed for the frustrations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1929.21,1931.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for people's frustrations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1931.47,1933.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at increasingly difficult economic circumstances,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1933.21,1936.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to spill over into violence against minorities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1936.71,1940.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were seen as outsiders in a given context.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1940.48,1944.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of the bloodshed that we saw in Soviet Central Asia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1944.64,1949.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Novi-Uzen and elsewhere,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1949.41,1952.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where local gangs simply went on a rampage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1952.06,1955.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and attacked and mutilated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1955.58,1959.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"relatively helpless minorities of other ethnic groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1960.21,1963.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a really an example of what can happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1964.502,1966.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you have an explosive buildup","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1966.47,1969.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of severe economic grievances.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1969.19,1972.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is a particular problem in Soviet Central Asia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1972.07,1975.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you find as a result of tremendous economic problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1975.14,1980.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very high rates of unemployment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1980.12,1982.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially unemployment of young males.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1982.72,1986.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has been recently calculated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1986.36,1987.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that close to 1/3 of all young males","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1987.97,1990.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between the ages of about 16 and 25 are unemployed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1990.35,1994.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And with very high birth rates,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1995.743,1999.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that cohort is likely to grow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=1999.41,2002.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even more rapidly in the years ahead,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2002.25,2004.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at a time when there is virtually no money available","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2004.76,2007.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for investment in economic development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2007.34,2010.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and industrial development.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2010.07,2011.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"These young men face a very dismal future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2011.69,2014.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the sense of being trapped in a kind of cycle of poverty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2014.99,2019.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a sort of sense of being at a dead end,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2019.37,2022.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then spills over into resentment at other groups,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2022.51,2026.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other minorities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2026.03,2027.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"anyone who seems to be better off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2027.1,2029.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or favored by local authorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2029.81,2031.863"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, this kind of scapegoating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2032.699,2035.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exists in parts of Eastern Europe as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2035.19,2037.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It often explain some the virulence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2037.95,2041.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of anti-Semitic feelings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2041.51,2043.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"even in countries like Poland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2043.13,2045.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where the Jewish communities have been virtually decimated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2045.22,2048.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a result of wartime and post-war developments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2048.81,2052.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is a fourth category of national demands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2054.77,2059.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which so far at least have not taken such explosive a form,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2059.83,2064.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and which one sees primarily in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2064.91,2068.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but also to some extent in Yugoslavia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2068.29,2071.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is the demand of various national groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2071.05,2075.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have their status upgraded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2075.36,2077.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to get greater political recognition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2077.57,2080.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by being granted some form of autonomy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2080.88,2084.605"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has a territorial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2084.605,2087.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or political rights associated with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2087.68,2090.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I think it's important to bear in mind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2091.06,2092.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that throughout this region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2092.79,2094.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"during the years of communist rule in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2094.36,2097.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Eastern Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2097.85,2099.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was in general a hostile attitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2099.84,2103.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"toward the idea that national minorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2103.58,2106.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should have their own cultural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2106.81,2108.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political and other autonomist associations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2108.5,2112.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, obviously in all of these regimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2112.4,2114.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was tremendous prejudice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2114.91,2116.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and hostility to autonomous associations of any kind","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2116.63,2119.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this extended to cultural and national associations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2119.91,2124.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the only way that minorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2125.35,2127.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"could really have their rights defended, protected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2127.82,2131.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or taken account of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2131.1,2132.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was if they were granted some form of territorial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2132.66,2136.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or administrative status in the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2136.18,2139.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they were given the status of a republic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2139.41,2141.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or of an autonomous republic or of a region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2141.9,2145.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If they were granted that status in Yugoslavia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2145.47,2148.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or excuse me,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2148.07,2149.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"elsewhere in Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2149.6,2151.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now in this new environment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2152.16,2154.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all sorts of minority groups are demanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2154.3,2156.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that that status be either reaffirmed or upgraded,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2156.63,2159.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there is still no confidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2159.96,2162.036"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it will be possible to create","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2162.036,2165.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some kind of law-based state,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2165.74,2168.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which minority rights will be protected","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2169.09,2171.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they don't have some mechanisms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2171.65,2173.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some mechanism that is either territorial","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2173.95,2176.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or political for the defense of their rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2176.38,2179.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A fifth category of demands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2180.93,2183.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this one more exclusively limited to the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2183.16,2186.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although not completely,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2186.81,2188.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the category of minority groups who were the victims,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2188.76,2192.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the special victims of persecution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2192.61,2195.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Stalin era,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2196.48,2197.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the so-called punished peoples of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2197.83,2200.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of whom were declared to be enemy agents","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2200.94,2203.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were forcibly uprooted from their homelands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2203.84,2206.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had their homelands liquidated,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2206.73,2208.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were sent into exile in Siberia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2208.33,2210.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now little by little","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2211.691,2213.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of are being progressively rehabilitated legally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2213.47,2217.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but who want to return to their homelands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2217.47,2220.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Crimean Tartars,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2220.01,2221.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were active in protest movements in Moscow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2222.8,2226.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"several years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2226.17,2227.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are one such groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2227.58,2229.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are many many of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2229.03,2231.687"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Many of them very small minorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2231.687,2234.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But these were groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2234.82,2235.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that were simply deprived of all recognition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2235.89,2238.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"uprooted from their homelands.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2238.82,2240.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now, while in principle,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2240.32,2244.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"many reformers in the Soviet leadership","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2244.37,2246.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would like to do something","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2246.81,2248.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to recompense them for these past wrongs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2248.25,2251.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And many have drawn an analogy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2251.89,2253.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the treatment of the Japanese Americans","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2253.77,2255.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2255.86,2256.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were put into internment camps at the World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2256.91,2259.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At this point in order to restore their former rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2260.811,2264.477"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of their land and property","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2267.26,2269.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their sort of territory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2269.18,2270.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have to be returned to them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2270.64,2272.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"territories lands, which have meanwhile been settled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2272.58,2275.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and inhabited by other peoples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2275.02,2276.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so there is a tremendous resistance at the local level","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2276.94,2280.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to doing anything that would constitute real restitution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2280.7,2285.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from their point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2285.58,2286.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then a final issue that is a major problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2288.0,2291.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union and in Yugoslavia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2291.54,2294.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to some degree of problem in Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2294.79,2297.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think much less so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2297.21,2299.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to do with the whole status","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2299.11,2301.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what was once the dominant partner","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2301.56,2304.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in multinational multiethnic political communities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2304.72,2309.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the case of the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2309.19,2311.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the problem obviously centers on the Russians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2311.53,2314.131"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the role Russians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2314.131,2316.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who tend to be seen by many of the non Russians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2316.53,2320.438"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as having played an imperial role,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2320.438,2324.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as having been responsible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2324.52,2326.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for many of the crimes of the Stalin era,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2326.14,2329.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for sort of having exercised political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2329.93,2332.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic domination over the rest of the country.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2332.32,2336.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it's not surprising","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2336.03,2338.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that many of the national movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2338.08,2340.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have developed among the non Russian populations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2340.08,2343.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2343.31,2344.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"now have a very strong anti-Russian thrust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2344.69,2348.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One sees a similar phenomenon at work in Yugoslavia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2348.62,2352.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there the central nationality had been the Serbians.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2352.26,2355.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have been the dominant force","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2355.94,2358.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Yugoslav political and economic life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2358.38,2361.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Their language has been the official language of Yugoslavia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2361.5,2365.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again, in the reaction with the development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2365.81,2368.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of national movements in other republics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2368.52,2371.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these movements not only have an anti-centrist thrust,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2371.34,2375.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but a specifically anti-Serbian thrust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2375.25,2378.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the case,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2379.71,2380.948"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in both Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2380.948,2383.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the responses of the dominant group,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2383.94,2386.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Russians and the Serbians,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2386.64,2389.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is to be startled and then infuriated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2389.01,2392.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by what they see as this unwarranted wave of hostility","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2392.81,2396.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"directed against them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2396.67,2397.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or they tend to sort of have the attitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2397.81,2400.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that many former colonial powers have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2400.53,2402.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it is they who were brought the benefits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2402.65,2404.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of civilization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2404.96,2406.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to all of these less developed peoples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2406.32,2408.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now they're being rewarded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2408.44,2409.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with intolerable ingratitude for all that they have done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2409.95,2414.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so you find the counter mobilization going on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2414.5,2418.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Russian settler communities in the Baltic republics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2418.11,2422.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in Moldavia now trying to organize themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2422.03,2425.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get the central power to intervene on their behalf,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2425.34,2428.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Serbians who were trying to arm themselves in Croatia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2428.91,2433.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and elsewhere to try to resist the pressure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2433.34,2435.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the dominant groups.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2435.55,2437.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this too creates a tremendous tension,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2437.73,2440.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of tremendous potential for confrontation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2440.41,2444.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between these newly assertive national movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2444.4,2447.457"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and national groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2447.457,2448.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the remnants of the old settler communities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2448.89,2452.415"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who now find that themselves defenseless,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2452.415,2455.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who no longer can appeal back to the central authorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2455.85,2460.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in defense of their interests,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2460.03,2462.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who find themselves under attack,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2462.33,2464.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who now find themselves resented as outsiders,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2464.75,2468.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"much as the French settler communities in Algeria,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2468.22,2472.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the British in India,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2472.8,2474.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or elsewhere similarly found their prerogatives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2474.12,2476.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and privileges under attack.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2476.88,2478.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now it would be very difficult","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2480.12,2482.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to sort of summarize briefly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2482.41,2484.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the enormous range of issues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2484.3,2487.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that these newly assertive national movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2487.63,2491.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been attempting raise,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2491.81,2494.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"attempting to put onto the political agenda.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2494.05,2498.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But here again,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2498.01,2498.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let me just try to summarize them very briefly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2498.843,2502.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In many cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2502.88,2503.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these are issues that are common","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2503.81,2505.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2505.52,2507.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of some of the essential similarities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2507.66,2511.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in all of their regimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2511.39,2513.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They all represented.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2513.35,2514.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They were all governed for a long period of time","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2514.69,2517.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by communist regimes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2517.61,2519.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"characterized by an extreme concentration of political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2519.32,2523.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2523.21,2525.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by the exclusion of any real participation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2525.19,2530.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in economic and political decision-making.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2530.61,2533.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in some sense,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2533.69,2534.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the movement of national assertion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2534.94,2537.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is also a movement for self-determination.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2537.86,2540.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A movement by people at the local level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2540.95,2544.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in local communities, in cities, in regions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2544.23,2547.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in larger territories,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2547.46,2549.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who want to take things into their own hands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2549.3,2551.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who want to have some say over the economic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2551.53,2554.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political and ecological decisions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2554.64,2557.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are going to affect their lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2557.44,2559.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it is in many ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2559.59,2560.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a movement for empowerment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2560.86,2563.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in multiethnic societies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2563.06,2565.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then takes on a national form.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2565.57,2568.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But which even if you look at the Russian Republic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2568.37,2571.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2571.66,2572.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which covers the vast territory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2572.85,2575.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Moscow all the way to the Pacific,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2575.24,2579.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there is a movement for self-assertion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2579.27,2581.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and self-determination even among in the cities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2581.74,2584.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and regions of the Russian Republic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2584.77,2587.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Russians who feel themselves that they have been excluded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2587.09,2590.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from real power over their lives.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2590.99,2593.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you get sort of tremendous pressures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2593.1,2595.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for participatory democracy at the local","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2595.44,2599.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and regional level as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2599.82,2601.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, a first issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2602.66,2603.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a first then major issue in all of these countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2603.96,2607.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has to do with the nature of the political system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2607.1,2611.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the Soviet Union and in Yugoslavia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2612.09,2614.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are the most complex multi-ethnic societies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2614.89,2618.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this entire region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2618.74,2621.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"both of these countries have had","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2621.16,2623.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what were formally characterized as federal systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2623.533,2627.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/876","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but were in fact governed in a highly unitary way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2627.86,2631.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/877","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a single set of decisions made in Moscow","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2631.73,2635.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/878","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in Belgrade and enforced throughout the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2636.37,2640.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/879","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with very little regard to local conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2640.85,2644.689"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/880","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to extraordinary differences in levels of social","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2644.689,2648.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/881","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic development,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2648.92,2650.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/882","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to differences in language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2650.44,2651.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/883","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in religion, in culture, in history, in background.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2651.69,2654.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/884","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Both of these countries were ruled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2654.95,2656.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/885","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as if they were essentially monolithic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2656.98,2660.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/886","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"essentially uniformed countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2660.63,2662.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/887","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so one of the first sets of demands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2662.97,2665.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/888","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been for political changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2665.37,2667.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/889","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would abolish this unitary system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2667.84,2670.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/890","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and recreate a genuine federation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2670.98,2673.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/891","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which all of the constituent units would have a major say","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2673.72,2678.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/892","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the whole policy-making process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2678.46,2681.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/893","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This has also been accompanied by demands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2682.57,2684.961"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/894","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"similar demands on the economic side,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2684.961,2689.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/895","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for economic changes that would eliminate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2689.12,2692.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/896","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the ability of the center","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2692.19,2693.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/897","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to control all economic decision-making,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2693.86,2697.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/898","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and would vest real control over the economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2697.03,2701.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/899","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over resources, over how to dispose of those resources,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2701.09,2706.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/900","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the various republics or other regional entities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2706.76,2710.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/901","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A third set of issues surrounds the status","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2711.86,2715.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/902","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and role that will be assigned to different languages","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2715.58,2718.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/903","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in these very complex multinational countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2718.56,2722.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/904","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In almost all cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2722.55,2723.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/905","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've had a dominant language enforced","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2723.96,2727.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/906","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the official or state language,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2727.03,2729.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/907","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with all other languages treated as secondary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2729.13,2731.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/908","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or minority languages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2731.6,2733.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/909","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And again in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2733.41,2736.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/910","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and again in Czechoslovakia as well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2736.32,2738.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/911","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the major demands of the new national movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2738.65,2741.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/912","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has been to make the local language in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2741.53,2744.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/913","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the official language on an equal par with Russian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2744.67,2748.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/914","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or with Serbian or with the Czech language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2748.24,2751.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/915","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this language issue is not merely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2752.71,2756.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/916","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an issue of cultural symbolism or sort of symbolic politics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2756.06,2760.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/917","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has very enormous consequences","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2760.56,2763.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/918","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for all kinds of opportunities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2763.98,2766.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/919","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any given republic or region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2766.1,2769.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you for example are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2769.78,2772.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an Uzbek speaker in Uzbekistan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2773.52,2776.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/922","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but Russian is the official language.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2776.87,2778.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/923","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have to write your school examinations in Russian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2778.7,2782.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you have to apply for jobs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2782.29,2785.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are carried out in Russian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2785.04,2786.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the language of the bureaucracy is Russian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2786.76,2789.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If the language of art and culture is Russian,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2789.42,2792.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then obviously native speakers of Russian","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2792.47,2795.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are going to have tremendous advantages over you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2795.29,2798.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any competition for places in educational institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=2798.35,2803.35"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30849/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/849/original/AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_a.vtt?1626718024","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/849/original/AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_a.vtt?1626718024"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30850","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741/transcript/30850/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- It's introduction. I'd like to encourage you to attend tomorrow's lectures. At noon tomorrow, we have Dr. Kopanski speaking here on \"Islam and Muslims of Eastern Europe.\" And also tomorrow night at eight o'clock in this room again, we have Dr. Phillip Bom speaking on \"Iron Curtain Calls: Problems Facing Theater in Eastern Europe.\" Tonight's speaker is a New York native, who received her bachelor's degree from Radcliffe and both her master's and a PhD with distinction from Harvard University. Mrs. Lapidus now resides in Berkeley, California, where she's a professor of political science and directs the Berkeley Stanford program on Soviet studies. Author of numerous studies on Soviet politics and foreign policy, including the recently published Glasnost Papers. She is currently working on a book entitled \"Ethnonationalism and Political Stability in the USSR,\" a study on rising ethnic tensions and Soviet strategies for managing a multicultural state. Tonight's speech is \"The Rise of Nationalism and Ethnic Conflicts.\" Will you all, please join me in welcoming Mrs. Gail Lapidus. Thank you very much. It's an honor and a pleasure to be here with you this evening. It's marvelous to have an opportunity to join in this extraordinary series of lectures, which all of you have put together. And I think the topic of this week's institute couldn't be more appropriate. The past few years have seen tumultuous changes in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe. Revolutionary changes that have really had the effect of undoing a great range of economic and political and social arrangements that have long been associated with communist rule. And these developments have also had the effect of transforming East-West relations, bringing an end to the cold war in Europe, bringing an end to major regional conflict on a global scale that we're connected with the East-West conflict in Europe. And in that sense, these changes have not only a local and regional significance, but also a global significance. And obviously, yeah, as a result of these developments, there's been a good deal to celebrate in the past few years and especially in the past year and a half. And for all of these reasons I think, there has been a certain justifiable degree of euphoria, as we look at these dramatic transformations. There are many things, as I say, that we can happily celebrate. The sweep of the democratic revolutions across Eastern Europe and increasingly inside the Soviet Union itself, which accompany a kind of reaffirmation of very fundamental values of liberty, moral values, the value of truthfulness and honesty in politics and the demand for growing economic as well as for political freedom. All of these things, as I say, are worthy of being celebrated. But it is also important to recognize that what we're seeing in this part of the world is an extraordinarily traumatic process and a process that is likely to be accompanied by extremely painful and difficult times in the coming months and the coming years. It is not at all clear for example, how successfully the new East European regimes will be able to navigate what is going to be a very painful and very treacherous transition. And the Soviet case is even more problematic than the case of many Eastern European countries. The Soviet Union has not even yet caused the kind of threshold that is now been crossed in countries like Poland and Hungary and Czechoslovakia, not to mention East Germany. The regime in the Soviet Union is far more deeply rooted than the communist regimes of Eastern Europe. It has much deeper historical roots. It has been in existence for a much longer period of time. And then the Soviet Union, of course the experience of democratic governments is far more remote historically, far more distant, far more limited. And the opposition forces in the Soviet Union are in many ways, both weaker than they were in Eastern Europe and certainly a good deal, more fragmented. But I think that the key obstacle, the most important complication, the most significant and critical complication to the prospects for a peaceful and benign transition to political democracy and to economic marketization in Eastern Europe as in the Soviet Union, it has been the re-emergence of nationalism as a virulent and very destructive force in the politics of Eastern Europe and of the Soviet Union as well. Now, I think it's important to take as one's point of departure that nationalism encompasses a very broad spectrum of attitudes and political orientations, political movements. It can in many cases be a virulent and destructive force, but it is also associated with the opposite. It can often spring from a very healthy concern with roots. It can often be a source of tremendous political vitality and political creativity, whether or not the force of nationalism will take constructive or destructive directions, is something that is very much a product of a particular context. But in any case, the whole revival of nationalism and of virulent and xenophobic forms of nationalism in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union, I think is an enormously complicating factor in this whole painful process of transition. Now, I think there were a number of distinct obstacles or distinct problems that all of these regimes will have to face. And obviously one could devote an entire lecture to any one of the East European countries and certainly an entire series to all of them collectively and not to mention the whole complexity of the Soviet scene as well. And given the need to compress this very enormous subject into the scope of one very brief lecture, obviously I'm going to slur over many of the significant differences from one country to another in Eastern Europe and obviously slur over also some of the very distinctive complications of the Soviet scene, in order to provide a very broad overview of a very intricate set of questions. But for all of these regimes, the problem of nationalism complicates the other major crisis that they face. All of them to one or another degree face a crisis of the political transition. They all face the question of whether in those regimes that have already moved in the direction of establishing democratic governments, whether these new movements, these new political movements now in power, but movements that were initially formed in opposition to the prevailing communist regimes, whether they will be able to successfully transform themselves, into effective governing parties, whether they will be able to sink deep roots in the popular mood, whether they'll be able to retain public confidence as they have to push forward extremely painful and difficult policies, whether they will be able to maintain the broad support of a coalition of forces or will themselves increasingly fragment into a hostile and warring groups, whether they'll be able to sustain the kind of broad popular consensus that they will need if they are going to effectively lead their countries through this very painful process. This remains an open question. I think for example, we are seeing very dramatically in Poland at this moment, the breakup of what was one solidarity into at least two major and warring groups. On the one hand, this is to be expected because many of these broad movements like Solidarity, were coalitions that could form only in a sense in opposition to the prevailing regimes. And that's quite natural that once the enemy that had united these very diverse forces and movements has been more or less eliminated from the scene, that different orientations, different personalities will emerge and these movements will fragment. But what form that fragmentation will take, whether it will make various forms of alliances and cooperation impossible, how the leaders of the various fragments will deal with each other, whether they will be able to deal with each other in fact using new norms and new styles of behavior or whether they will resort to more barbaric forms of political conflict. This remains at the moment still a great unknown. A second major set of problems that confronts all of these newly established democratic governments, and obviously that confronts even those that haven't entered into this transition process are the problems of economic crisis. None of these countries are moving through this transition process in very favorable economic environment. All of them to one or another degree are suffering from very low levels of productivity, if not outright economic stagnation. None of them have an economic infrastructure which places them very effectively to be able to deal with the world market on equal terms. All of them, as a result of the policies pursued by communist governments over many years face labor forces, which are not highly disciplined, which are accustomed to a high degree of stability, and security as well as to a low performance and the effort to impose competition, and the discipline of the marketplace will be extremely difficult to carry through. And the whole process of marketization itself is enormously difficult. First of all, it is historically unprecedented. There are no successful models anywhere of societies that have moved from command economies, from state socialist economies to market systems. All of the historical examples are of societies that have gone in the opposite direction. And there is really nothing much in Western economic theory or in Western economic practice, that can serve as a very useful guide in this historically unprecedented process. It is an enormously difficult than complicated undertaking. No one has any quick and easy solutions. And the hordes of Western economic advisors who have been descending on these various countries and offering them advice about everything, from how to create stock markets to sort of how to set up banking and tax systems and so on, sort of the we're often bringing advice based on the experience of Western societies which may or may not be adoptable or relevant in this very different economic context. So even in the best of circumstances and probably the East German, the former East Germany faces the best of all possible circumstances because that process of transition is essentially guaranteed by its essentially its absorption into the West German economy. But none of them face a sort of are starting this process from a very favorable starting point. And it's going to be a very difficult and painful process as the guarantees that have been built into these economies, in fact, have to be taken apart. And as enterprises, workers, whole industry sectors begin to face the painful sort of the painful realities of competition. A third major crisis, which all of these countries confront and that is obviously connected to but somewhat distinct from the economic crisis is the ecological catastrophe. The consequences of its completely heedless and unbridled exploitation of natural resources without any concern for the environment. And this isn't nearly a marginal question. In many of these countries the ecological crisis is really closely connected with major health crisis. Crisis caused by badly polluted waters. By badly polluted soil. By situations for example, in Southern Soviet Union, massive infant mortality which is connected to terrible ecological damage. And it is one thing to join ecological movements that are in part connected with a general movement of political protest against what is perceived as an alien and hostile political regime. But it's another thing to try to sustain a commitment to ecological movements when you are now at the same time trying to do so in a government, which you think of as your government in a situation in which you're facing major economic crisis, and in which dealing with environmental problems simply raises still further the already unpalatable costs of the economic transition. And it will be very interesting for example, to see whether the anti-nuclear movements, which are now sweeping the Soviet Union and closing down one nuclear reactor after another, whether a movement of this kind, which at the moment is directed against the central communist authorities in Moscow, which until now has had responsibility for developing and building all of these nuclear reactors, sort of whether if developments in the Soviet Union shift power to democratic movements, often at movements that are in control of local or regional or republic level governments, whether these ecological movements will continue to try to close down nuclear power plants when the only alternative is a massive cut in the energy available for their own populations, because there is no other alternative to these nuclear plants. In a sense sort of the trade-offs, the costs, the price that has to be paid, will come to seem very different, when these movements are no longer directed against what are now seen as alien powers. Now to turn them to the problem of nationalism, the national revival and the way in which it is complicated. The political problems in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. I think in many ways, this revival of nationalism has not only taken us by surprise, taken the West by surprise, it has been equally a surprise and indeed a shock to political activists, political leaders in this part of the world as well. And I think for a number of reasons. I think first of all, in Orthodox Marxist-Leninist theory, which was the dominant ideology, not only in the Soviet Union but also in Eastern Europe for a long period of time, the idea was a sort of not only deeply held but sort of widely spread that somehow the establishment of socialism, the move toward a higher form of political and economic development, would carry with it the gradual disintegration of old parochial, traditional loyalties and attachments. That progress economic and political development, especially in a context of the building of socialism, would simply eradicate all of the sources of an ethnic conflict. All of the sources of national antagonism and that the various peoples of Eastern Europe, and of the Soviet Union would live in a socialist society, in which these old antagonisms had been replaced by fraternal relations of mutual help and solidarity. And I think this myth sort of even though it may now in retrospect seem very much a myth, had achieved some degree, had gained some degree of support. Had really come to be believed by important segments of the Soviet Union as well as important segments of East European society. But they'd come to believe that to some degree at least, the degree of harmony had been established which enable the transcendence of these old ethnic conflicts and antagonisms. And the as the old orders now disintegrate, and as the combination of political indoctrination and repression are now eliminated from the scene, the reality is once again reappearing and people are somewhat taken by surprise. I think this is dramatic and not only in Eastern Europe, but in the Soviet Union itself. You began to see the first signs of it in the early Gorbachev era, as a result of the impact of glasnost, with the growing freedom of discussion about what had earlier been very controversial issues. As some of this discussion began to challenge the official myth, it's clear that Gorbachev himself and the people around him were quite taken by surprise, that they have themselves had come to believe in the solidarity and harmony of socialist society. And with the outbreaks of violence and the sort of ethnic violence in particular, starting in the very early months of the Gorbachev era with the demonstrations in Alma-Ata, demonstrations that broke out when Gorbachev tried to change the head of the communist party of Kazakhstan and sent in a Russian instead of a Kazak to had that party. Massive demonstrations broke out, which were brutally put down. In the following years, the conflict over in Nagorno-Karabakh, which pitted Armenians and Azeris against each other. And it took an enormous toll not only of lives but also massive waves of refugees. The first this had happened in recent Soviet history. Then the rise of national movements in the Baltic republics, which increasingly began attacking central policies and which began by demanding greater autonomy, but ended up increasingly demanding complete independence. The spread of these sentiments to other republics with one republic after another, passing declarations of sovereignty if not of autonomy. The outbreak of communal violence in Central Asia against minority groups that were relatively defenseless. The counter mobilization of Russian minorities in many of the republics, trying to preserve their status and their security in the face of rising tensions. But all of this clearly took the Gorbachev leadership by surprise. And if one sort of follows Gorbachev's thinking closely over this period of time, you could really sort of register his initial shock, as these kinds of issues found their way onto the political agenda. Then an effort in which he tries to grapple with what is going on behind it, sort of blaming all of these things at first on political speculators or troublemakers who are trying to exploit the environment of perestroika for their own ends. Gradually, over time, coming to realize that these are indeed more serious, more far-reaching problems than had been initially understood, had been initially appreciated. And then a gradual effort to incorporate a reform of the entire Soviet federal system into his other plans for political and for economic reform. Something that had been quite absent at the beginning of the Gorbachev era. Now, I think this tremendous upsurge of nationalism in Eastern Europe as in the Soviet Union, is really inseparable from the whole process of democratization. That with the increasing openness of the political process, with the expansion of the boundaries, of what was permitted, of what was permissible, social and political activity. Sort of with the lifting of the old forms of repression, all kinds of trends and movements and feelings have now come to the surface and unpleasant ones as well as more promising and pleasant ones. In this atmosphere of political democratization and the growing political competition, the use of nationalism is also a potentially powerful instrument in the hands of new social and political movements, who can often use attacks on other groups, on minority groups, or on other competing national groups as a way of mobilizing support, as a way of sort of raising the emotional level of their constituencies, as a way of buying off different groups who can't be offered other rewards. And I think that it is not only the rise of nationalism is not only connected with the process of democratization. It is also, I think further exacerbated by the acute economic problems which this whole region is experiencing. In a situation in which there is no expanding economic pie, with which you can reward your supporters or in which promises of an immediate and better future are not going to look very realistic. One thing that does tend to work in politics is the tendency to scapegoat, to try to blame others for how awful the situation is, and to blame them for the slow pace of possible improvement. So for all of these reasons, I think a variety of political movements all across Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union are likely to continue to find the national question. An issue that they can exploit for their own political purposes, both to build cohesion among a circle of supporters, and to try to direct frustrations and resentments against other groups. And it will be used by governments as well as by opposition parties and to some degree, by parties across the entire political spectrum. Now, I think in talking about the rise of nationalism, national movements in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, it's useful to bear in mind that this is a sentiment and a political ideology that takes a great variety of forms. But there are different kinds of movements that we lumped together under the label national movements, that really deserve to be distinguished from each other. There are different phenomenon that often get lumped together and confused in our discussions. And let me just suggest six different kinds of national movements, or manifestations of nationalism, which one can see very vividly in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe today. First of all, and of course the most familiar kind to us, are those national movements that are basically movements of national, what one might call movements of national liberation. These are movements by groups of people who think of themselves as nations and who want to create states based on their sense of sharing a common national community. And these are movements that are demanding either a considerable degree of autonomy within the existing system, or who are asserting a desire for sovereignty or for full independence. Now, the most common sort of perhaps the best known of these national movements, of course are the movements in the Baltic republics of the Soviet Union, which perhaps have the most sot of the most serious claim to recognition by the United States and by the international community. Both the Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were of course independent states. After World War I, they existed as independent states recognized under the League of Nations until World War II, when as a result of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, they were next to the Soviet Union and occupied. And they argue in fact that sort of their position is that they were never, they never legally became part of the Soviet Union. They are in fact occupied territories and they have been demanding the restoration of their independence and the annulment of Soviet control over their territory. And in principle, the United States and the number of other Western countries have never legally recognized their incorporation into the Soviet Union. And there is a very complicated diplomatic game going on right now about the terms under which their independence and their right to sovereign statehood would be recognized by the United States, by the European community, by other European States. And there were also another important such national movement, is now taking shape in Czechoslovakia. It is a Slovak national movement which is increasingly demanding some form of autonomy, if not outright independence. And of course it is a major current in various parts of Yugoslavia as well. Slovakia, Croatia, other entities within Yugoslavia are also moving in this direction, as are a number of other republics in the Soviet Union. In recent months, some 13 of the 15 Soviet republics have adopted declarations of one or another kind, insisting on their sovereignty, insisting on their right to control, not only all of the economic activities within their own republics, but also insisting on the right to conduct an independent foreign policy. Independent economic ties with other sovereign states membership in the United nations and so on. Now at this point, one can't necessarily take all of these demands and statements and declarations at face value. Many of them may turn out to be sort of stages in what will ultimately develop as a bargaining process, in which some of these entities will settle for something other than full independence. But in any case, we'll want a much greater degree of freedom of action and certainly a greater degree of recognition by the international community. In any case, these are one very increasingly widespread and powerful form of national movement, with which the United States and other governments are going to increasingly have to deal. We're going to have to formulate policies with respect to this issue in ways that we haven't had to until now. A second category, second variety or manifestation of this rising national self assertion has taken the form of bitter and often very violent conflicts between national groups. Sometimes these have a territorial base and go back to long standings of historical differences over territorial claims. Often they have religious and cultural and other kinds of overlays. In some cases, one of the national groups may be appealing, maybe an irredentious territory that is appealing to be rejoined to its own homeland. The case of the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh is one such case in point. There is also growing tension elsewhere in Eastern Europe. The Transylvanian problem for example, is another critical issue that has much in common with the territorial debates, with the territorial struggles between Armenia and Azerbaijan. A third category, a third type of national movement on national conflict, which I would distinguish from the second, is really something that one might properly call communal violence. It is the tendency for economic grievances to spill over or to be directed for the frustrations, for people's frustrations at increasingly difficult economic circumstances, to spill over into violence against minorities, who were seen as outsiders in a given context. Some of the bloodshed that we saw in Soviet Central Asia in Novi-Uzen and elsewhere, where local gangs simply went on a rampage and attacked and mutilated, relatively helpless minorities of other ethnic groups, a really an example of what can happen when you have an explosive buildup of severe economic grievances. This is a particular problem in Soviet Central Asia, where you find as a result of tremendous economic problems very high rates of unemployment, especially unemployment of young males. It has been recently calculated that close to 1/3 of all young males between the ages of about 16 and 25 are unemployed. And with very high birth rates, that cohort is likely to grow even more rapidly in the years ahead, at a time when there is virtually no money available for investment in economic development and industrial development. These young men face a very dismal future, and the sense of being trapped in a kind of cycle of poverty and a sort of sense of being at a dead end, then spills over into resentment at other groups, other minorities, anyone who seems to be better off or favored by local authorities. And again, this kind of scapegoating exists in parts of Eastern Europe as well. It often explain some the virulence of anti-Semitic feelings, even in countries like Poland, where the Jewish communities have been virtually decimated as a result of wartime and post-war developments. There is a fourth category of national demands, which so far at least have not taken such explosive a form, and which one sees primarily in the Soviet Union but also to some extent in Yugoslavia. And that is the demand of various national groups to have their status upgraded and to get greater political recognition, by being granted some form of autonomy that has a territorial or political rights associated with it. Now, I think it's important to bear in mind that throughout this region, during the years of communist rule in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe, there was in general a hostile attitude toward the idea that national minorities should have their own cultural and political and other autonomist associations. I mean, obviously in all of these regimes, there was tremendous prejudice and hostility to autonomous associations of any kind and this extended to cultural and national associations. So the only way that minorities could really have their rights defended, protected or taken account of, was if they were granted some form of territorial or administrative status in the Soviet Union. If they were given the status of a republic or of an autonomous republic or of a region. If they were granted that status in Yugoslavia or excuse me, elsewhere in Eastern Europe. And now in this new environment all sorts of minority groups are demanding that that status be either reaffirmed or upgraded, because there is still no confidence that it will be possible to create some kind of law-based state, in which minority rights will be protected if they don't have some mechanisms, some mechanism that is either territorial or political for the defense of their rights. A fifth category of demands, this one more exclusively limited to the Soviet Union although not completely, is the category of minority groups who were the victims, the special victims of persecution in the Stalin era, the so-called punished peoples of the Soviet Union. Many of whom were declared to be enemy agents were forcibly uprooted from their homelands, had their homelands liquidated, were sent into exile in Siberia. And now little by little sort of are being progressively rehabilitated legally, but who want to return to their homelands. The Crimean Tartars, who were active in protest movements in Moscow several years ago, are one such groups. There are many many of them. Many of them very small minorities. But these were groups that were simply deprived of all recognition uprooted from their homelands. And now, while in principle, many reformers in the Soviet leadership would like to do something to recompense them for these past wrongs. And many have drawn an analogy to the treatment of the Japanese Americans in the United States, who were put into internment camps at the World War II. At this point in order to restore their former rights, some of their land and property and their sort of territory would have to be returned to them, territories lands, which have meanwhile been settled and inhabited by other peoples. And so there is a tremendous resistance at the local level to doing anything that would constitute real restitution, from their point of view. And then a final issue that is a major problem in the Soviet Union and in Yugoslavia, to some degree of problem in Czechoslovakia but I think much less so, has to do with the whole status of what was once the dominant partner in multinational multiethnic political communities. In the case of the Soviet Union, the problem obviously centers on the Russians and the role Russians, who tend to be seen by many of the non Russians, as having played an imperial role, as having been responsible for many of the crimes of the Stalin era, for sort of having exercised political and economic domination over the rest of the country. And so it's not surprising that many of the national movements that have developed among the non Russian populations of the Soviet Union, now have a very strong anti-Russian thrust. One sees a similar phenomenon at work in Yugoslavia, where there the central nationality had been the Serbians. They have been the dominant force in Yugoslav political and economic life. Their language has been the official language of Yugoslavia. And again, in the reaction with the development of national movements in other republics, these movements not only have an anti-centrist thrust, but a specifically anti-Serbian thrust. And in the case, in both Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union, one of the responses of the dominant group, the Russians and the Serbians, is to be startled and then infuriated by what they see as this unwarranted wave of hostility directed against them. Or they tend to sort of have the attitude that many former colonial powers have that it is they who were brought the benefits of civilization to all of these less developed peoples. And now they're being rewarded with intolerable ingratitude for all that they have done. And so you find the counter mobilization going on of the Russian settler communities in the Baltic republics or in Moldavia now trying to organize themselves, to get the central power to intervene on their behalf, or Serbians who were trying to arm themselves in Croatia and elsewhere to try to resist the pressure from the dominant groups. And this too creates a tremendous tension, sort of tremendous potential for confrontation between these newly assertive national movements and national groups and the remnants of the old settler communities, who now find that themselves defenseless, who no longer can appeal back to the central authorities in defense of their interests, who find themselves under attack, who now find themselves resented as outsiders, much as the French settler communities in Algeria, or the British in India, or elsewhere similarly found their prerogatives and privileges under attack. Now it would be very difficult to sort of summarize briefly the enormous range of issues that these newly assertive national movements have been attempting raise, attempting to put onto the political agenda. But here again, let me just try to summarize them very briefly. In many cases, these are issues that are common to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, because of some of the essential similarities in all of their regimes. They all represented. They were all governed for a long period of time by communist regimes, characterized by an extreme concentration of political and economic power, and by the exclusion of any real participation in economic and political decision-making. And in some sense, the movement of national assertion is also a movement for self-determination. A movement by people at the local level, in local communities, in cities, in regions, in larger territories, who want to take things into their own hands, who want to have some say over the economic and political and ecological decisions that are going to affect their lives. So it is in many ways, a movement for empowerment, which in multiethnic societies then takes on a national form. But which even if you look at the Russian Republic of the Soviet Union, which covers the vast territory from Moscow all the way to the Pacific, there is a movement for self-assertion, and self-determination even among in the cities and regions of the Russian Republic by Russians who feel themselves that they have been excluded from real power over their lives. And you get sort of tremendous pressures for participatory democracy at the local and regional level as well. Well, a first issue, a first then major issue in all of these countries has to do with the nature of the political system. In the Soviet Union and in Yugoslavia, which are the most complex multi-ethnic societies in this entire region, both of these countries have had what were formally characterized as federal systems, but were in fact governed in a highly unitary way, with a single set of decisions made in Moscow or in Belgrade and enforced throughout the country with very little regard to local conditions, to extraordinary differences in levels of social and economic development, to differences in language, in religion, in culture, in history, in background. Both of these countries were ruled as if they were essentially monolithic, essentially uniformed countries. And so one of the first sets of demands has been for political changes that would abolish this unitary system and recreate a genuine federation, in which all of the constituent units would have a major say in the whole policy-making process. This has also been accompanied by demands, similar demands on the economic side, for economic changes that would eliminate the ability of the center to control all economic decision-making, and would vest real control over the economy, over resources, over how to dispose of those resources, in the various republics or other regional entities. A third set of issues surrounds the status and role that will be assigned to different languages in these very complex multinational countries. In almost all cases, you've had a dominant language enforced as the official or state language, with all other languages treated as secondary or minority languages. And again in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, and again in Czechoslovakia as well, one of the major demands of the new national movements has been to make the local language in fact, the official language on an equal par with Russian or with Serbian or with the Czech language. And this language issue is not merely an issue of cultural symbolism or sort of symbolic politics. It has very enormous consequences for all kinds of opportunities in any given republic or region. If you for example are an Uzbek speaker in Uzbekistan, but Russian is the official language. If you have to write your school examinations in Russian. If you have to apply for jobs that are carried out in Russian. If the language of the bureaucracy is Russian. If the language of art and culture is Russian, then obviously native speakers of Russian are going to have tremendous advantages over you in any competition for places in educational institutions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119741#t=0.0,2806.944"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_b.mp3"]},"duration":1613.76,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/119/742/small/lecture.png?1626718029","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/119/742/original/AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_b.mp3?1626718029","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":1613.76,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Major new career opportunities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=3.43,5.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these struggles over language policy and over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=5.97,9.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what will be the official languages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=9.39,11.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in what realms these languages will be required,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=11.41,15.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is really a major struggle over educational","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=15.0,17.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and professional opportunities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=17.373,20.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as you can see, it also has enormous potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=20.3,23.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for pitting different groups against each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=23.36,26.142"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(pages rustling)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=26.142,28.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then finally, sort of one of the great sort of problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=28.63,31.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is going to come to the forefront in, in all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=31.68,34.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these societies is going to be the whole question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=34.67,37.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the protection of minority rights.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=37.88,41.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In all of these countries, which at best are going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=41.16,44.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have very fragile political democracies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=44.69,48.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the next few years, and which are only beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=48.59,52.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to create states in which legal norms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=52.86,57.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will come to play an important role,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=57.49,60.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in which you won't have a system of arbitrary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=60.42,63.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and highly politicized forms of legal protection.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=63.22,66.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The whole question of how to protect minority rights,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=66.97,70.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether there will be legal or political institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=70.05,73.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sufficiently strong and effective, to actually protect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=73.5,77.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"minority rights, is really emerging as a major issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=77.17,81.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think this is going to be a period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=81.08,83.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which minorities all over this part of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=83.01,86.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be especially vulnerable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=86.12,88.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just conclude by saying that if I painted","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=89.74,93.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very grim picture, it's because I genuinely believe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=93.53,97.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that this is going to be, that all of these problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=97.48,100.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not only extremely difficult, but are likely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=100.07,102.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be exacerbated by all of the political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=102.95,106.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic turmoil in the region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=106.23,108.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they're going to be very acute in Eastern Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=109.82,112.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they will be especially acute in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=112.41,115.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is really facing a serious prospect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=115.41,118.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of disintegration, with all of the complicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=118.5,122.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consequences that could have for the rest of the continent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=122.84,126.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for global relations, for the military stability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=126.53,130.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and military security in the continent.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=130.62,132.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the Soviet case, there are a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=134.0,136.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of alternative scenarios that one could imagine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=136.3,139.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it is unclear at this point, whether either the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=139.66,142.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the scenario that Gorbachev is trying to promote,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=142.473,146.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which involves renegotiating the terms of the federation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=146.07,150.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but preserving a strong central authority.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=150.82,153.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or the Yeltsin strategy, which involves basically,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=153.63,156.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"bilateral negotiations between the Russian Republic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=156.66,159.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of the other republics, whether either","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=159.93,162.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those strategies is likely to be effective.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=162.28,165.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as I say, in any case, the situation of minorities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=166.33,170.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all of these regions will be very precarious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=170.13,173.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that the United States and West,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=173.69,177.097"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the West in general has an enormous stake","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=177.097,180.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the stability of this region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=180.68,182.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That if there is tremendous turmoil and instability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=182.85,186.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and violence in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=186.16,189.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it will inevitably spill over into Western Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=189.02,192.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is no way to contain these problems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=192.23,195.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within Eastern Europe and the Soviet union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=195.13,197.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We could see massive waves of migrants,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=197.56,200.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of various minority groups, streaming westward,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=200.55,205.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"putting enormous pressure on all of the West European","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=205.33,208.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"governments, as well as the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=208.47,210.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which could conceivably lead to the erection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=210.93,213.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a new iron curtain, this time erected by the West,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=213.42,216.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to protect itself against this flood of refugees","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=216.94,220.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the East.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=220.13,221.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are enormous ecological problems which cannot help","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=221.8,224.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but spill over into the West.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=224.71,227.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The economic, tremendous economic disruptions in this region","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=227.09,230.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can not but help affect the prospects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=230.74,233.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of economic stabilization in the European community,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=233.36,236.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=236.66,238.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then there is above all the tremendous security problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=238.04,241.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"posed by the presence in Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=241.98,244.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of massive quantities, not only of conventional weapons,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=244.46,247.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but of nuclear weapons, and the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=247.95,250.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of whether their security can be guaranteed,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=250.43,253.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there is really breakdown of central authority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=253.58,257.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and explosive ethnic conflicts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=257.03,259.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For all of these reasons, I think all of us have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=259.83,262.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a great stake, in the future development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=262.68,265.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this entire region and a great stake in taking on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=265.17,268.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a major role in helping to create new institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=268.69,272.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that might be able to play some more effective role,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=272.59,276.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in helping to stabilize this region and in helping to the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=276.41,280.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the states of this region to manage these problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=280.46,284.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that will arise out of nationalist self-assertion,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=284.22,288.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a way that will not only give the processes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=288.85,292.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of economic marketization and political democratization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=292.76,297.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a more, create a more favorable climate for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=297.92,300.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these developments, but also to stabilize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=300.62,304.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the entire European situation, because it is so much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=304.1,307.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in our common interest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=307.3,309.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=309.13,310.035"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=310.035,313.035"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Do we have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=324.113,324.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd be delighted to answer any questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=324.98,327.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you might like to raise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=327.4,328.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Why don't we start in the back, go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=331.77,333.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Is there a joint nationalism (murmuring)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=333.671,338.671"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there is, in the Soviet Union of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=338.966,343.966"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Jews have been largely a dispersed nationality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=344.21,348.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There was an attempt as, as you may know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=348.39,351.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to create a Jewish homeland in Bureau Dijon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=351.21,354.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it never took any serious hold in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=354.35,358.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it was so completely artificial and unconnected,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=358.06,361.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thank you, to, to any Jewish tradition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=361.69,365.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there are still some substantial Jewish communities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=365.39,369.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Moscow, in some of the other cities of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=369.27,371.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Russian Republic, scattered in the Baltic republics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=371.97,374.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and elsewhere, still relatively in Georgia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=374.94,377.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and elsewhere, relatively small.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=377.52,379.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what you have been seeing in the past few years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=379.95,383.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is they, sort of growing self-assertion in this climate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=383.36,387.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of greater tolerance and less repression, of Jewish identity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=387.86,392.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just as you've seen assertions of identity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=392.61,394.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by other national groups, even groups without homelands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=394.82,398.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like Soviet Curry and Soviet Germans and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=398.4,401.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the last few years, this has been given much greater,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=401.91,405.257"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, it has been much more tolerated and even encouraged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=405.257,409.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some cases by local authorities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=409.09,411.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you've had the establishment of the first Jewish Yeshivas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=411.7,414.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union openly, Hebrew is no longer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=416.29,419.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the use of Hebrew as a language, is no longer banned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=419.89,423.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Religious instruction, it's now possible to offer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=423.35,426.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some religious instruction to young people, various cultural","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=426.41,430.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other, other associations have been organized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=430.69,432.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a number of Russian cities, Jewish groups","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=432.92,435.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of various kinds, and there was last December,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=435.78,438.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first national congress of Jewish organizations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=438.32,442.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you're beginning to see, the sort of limited development","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=442.16,446.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of new communal associations for Jews, as well as for","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=446.86,451.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a variety of other nationalities in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=451.25,454.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that don't have their own territorial Homeland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=454.52,457.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in the case of Jews, as in the case of some others,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=457.89,461.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's still a good deal of fear about what will happen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=461.13,465.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well sort of fear that if this, that if, if the situation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=465.46,470.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is exacerbated, if central authority breaks down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=471.94,475.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if Gorbachev and the Gorbachev reforms are kicked","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=475.06,477.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the side, that there could well be a nationalist,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=477.5,480.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"populist backlash, which will place them in great danger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=480.82,484.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, and, and I think this is why you see side by side","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=484.8,488.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the growing expressions of Jewish identity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=488.58,491.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"also a growing wave of immigration on the part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=491.88,494.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Jews who were simply too fearful to stay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=494.74,497.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and want to leave the country for, for the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=497.46,501.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Israel or for anywhere else, they can go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=501.74,504.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=505.92,507.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Are there any of the Eastern European countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=507.35,510.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you see, which of the countries do you see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=510.58,513.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as having the least problem (murmuring).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=513.247,515.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well I, I mean, obviously the, the ones that will have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=520.614,523.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the least, the least problems are those that have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=523.75,526.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fewest sort of foreign nationalities, these Germany","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=526.41,529.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in many ways is likely to be the easiest for,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=530.84,535.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a great variety of reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=535.25,536.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Poland is more homogeneous for example,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=536.99,539.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than many of the others are.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=539.78,542.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's a little bit hard to say, it depends so much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=543.67,546.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on how these developments evolve and, and what relations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=546.13,550.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and how relations in the region develop.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=550.25,552.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, the whole question of what happens","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=552.76,554.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Transylvania minority, really depends on the relation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=554.37,558.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the kinds of relations that are established between Hungary","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=558.96,561.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and several of the other East European States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=561.43,564.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's very hard to predict, I mean,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=564.93,566.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"obviously Yugoslavia is going to go through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=566.3,568.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an extremely traumatic time, because the whole question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=568.6,572.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what its boundaries will, what, what will happen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=572.41,575.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Yugoslavia, whether it will remain together in any way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=575.44,579.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whether it will fragment into pieces, and if so,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=580.51,583.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into what pieces remains a major problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=583.01,586.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think none of these countries are going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=587.96,589.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to have an easy time of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=589.84,591.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, go ahead.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=592.86,594.485"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What do you think about the possibility of having","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=594.485,597.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"European countries still offering economic aid?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=597.007,600.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I know a lot of them are thinking about that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=600.49,602.726"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they are afraid to (murmuring).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=602.726,606.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean, economic aid to the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=606.253,608.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to other countries in Eastern Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=608.21,610.625"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To the Soviet Union and other countries (murmuring).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=610.625,614.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think, I mean, I think there has been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=614.02,617.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"serious discussion in, in western capitals about aid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=617.79,622.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Eastern Europe and the Soviet union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=622.64,624.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There has been some fairly substantial economic assistance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=624.41,628.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"already been channeled and, and more will be channeled","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=628.06,631.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Poland, to Hungary, probably to Czechoslovakia also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=631.72,636.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that one of that, that in a sense the rapid changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=636.85,641.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in East Germany, have more or less diverted the interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=641.47,646.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the West German government, which might earlier","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=646.12,648.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been in both, in a position to help some of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=648.52,651.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the other East European countries, and have been prepared","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=651.46,653.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do so on a large scale.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=653.67,654.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But with the sudden changes in Eastern Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=654.95,658.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the costs of absorbing and transforming Eastern Germany","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=658.02,661.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is of course the West German government's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=661.86,663.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highest priority, are absolutely massive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=663.66,666.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that has really diverted a good deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=666.41,668.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of attention away from a German role, in parts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=668.9,673.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=673.06,675.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the United States has been, has been sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=675.92,679.847"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of much more cautious in approaching this whole problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=681.26,684.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and everyone has been more cautious, these would be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=684.89,686.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet Union than parts of Eastern Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=686.9,689.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think until now, there has been the feeling","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=689.74,691.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that any aid channeled to the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=691.54,694.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in any significant way, would simply go to strengthen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=694.12,697.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the old institutions, rather than to strengthen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=697.38,700.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the forces of reform.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=700.48,702.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think that as the Soviet situation becomes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=702.59,705.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more critical, and there is a serious danger","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=705.55,708.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of food shortages, energy shortages, tremendous unrest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=708.64,712.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union this winter, I think people are more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=712.83,714.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and more beginning, governments are beginning more and more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=714.94,717.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think about the possibility that massive infusions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=717.19,721.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of aid, may be needed this winter, in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=721.21,724.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well, and are trying to think more constructively,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=724.05,726.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how to channel this aid, so that it would strengthen,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=726.84,731.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"reform oriented governments, either in the republics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=731.22,734.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in some of the major cities and not simply strengthen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=734.64,737.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the hands of the central bureaucracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=737.86,740.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I think to the extent that the Soviet leadership takes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=740.01,743.985"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more radical movements in the direction of marketization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=743.985,748.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic reform, I think there will be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=748.31,751.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a greater western commitment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=751.23,753.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I must say though that, that here, the whole crisis","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=753.15,756.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Persian Gulf, is really very deeply intertwined,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=756.04,760.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the fate of developments in the Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=760.5,762.627"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Eastern Europe, because I think just that a moment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=762.627,765.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when western governments were indeed organizing themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=765.29,768.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and getting poised to focus on this region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=768.72,772.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to offer various kinds of, of assistance,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=772.13,775.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Persian Gulf crisis has really diverted,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=775.84,778.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not only attention, but also massive resources","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=778.86,783.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this other region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=783.01,784.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that is enormously complicating, develop","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=784.56,787.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the whole prospect of, of assistance in Eastern Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=787.99,791.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=791.58,792.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=794.8,795.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a, a related question, I guess if,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=795.633,797.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's say Georgia goes ahead and really immerse themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=797.94,802.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the (mumbles), do you think Western European heirlooms","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=804.855,808.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be able to (murmurs)?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=808.67,809.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think until now, first of all I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=811.53,813.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Baltic republics, have until now been treated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=813.74,817.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a separate and distinct case because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=817.11,819.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the juridical status of those three republics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=819.4,822.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is different from those of all of the others.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=822.61,825.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And even their, western governments have been extremely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=825.21,828.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cautious and hesitant to recognize these governments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=828.87,833.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and have basically sort of taken the standard sort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=835.375,838.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of diplomatic view, that until these governments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=838.49,840.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can demonstrate that they are indeed in control","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=840.89,843.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of their territories, it would not be appropriate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=843.67,845.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to extend full, diplomatic recognition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=845.97,849.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think there, is sort of a very complicated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=849.15,851.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"diplomatic game, (coughs) being played out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=851.67,854.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which these governments are, are sort of actively engaged","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=854.66,858.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in trying to build support in Scandinavia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=858.25,861.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in Western Europe, trying to expand economic ties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=861.85,865.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"setting up information agencies and missions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=865.65,870.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and little by little trying to make themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=870.05,871.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more of a presence and excuse me, and to get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=871.99,874.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their status upgraded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=874.53,876.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've asked to be recognized, to be given observer status","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=876.0,879.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the CSE meetings in, in Europe and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=879.25,883.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think everyone is trying to be cautious because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=884.44,886.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't want to do anything that would","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=886.75,888.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"seriously undermine Gorbachev's authority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=888.65,891.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or create serious diplomatic problems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=891.72,894.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In any case, I think that, that until the, that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=895.23,899.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Baltic is likely to, the Baltic republics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=899.17,901.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are likely to remain the focus of most of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=901.67,904.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"these diplomatic efforts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=904.26,906.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now when you get to Georgia, Georgia is really","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=906.13,908.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a situation somewhat like a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=908.4,910.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of other republics, and they're in order","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=910.41,912.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to extend serious diplomatic recognition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=912.37,915.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think both the United States and other countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=915.16,918.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would have to be prepared to see the dismemberment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=918.58,921.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=921.85,923.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think there are lots of real concerns about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=923.0,926.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether this would be to anyone's interest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=926.6,929.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I don't think it is really being seriously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=929.4,931.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"contemplated so far.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=931.66,933.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My guess is that, what we'll see in the next few years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=933.49,936.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are efforts to broaden the scope of our contacts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=936.52,940.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the various republics of the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=940.95,944.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Perhaps not to limit our ties as exclusively as we have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=944.29,948.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until now to Moscow, but to begin to perhaps","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=948.32,951.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"set up information agencies, or cultural exchanges,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=951.23,955.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"educational exchanges, some economic ties with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=955.89,959.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the different republics of the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=959.34,961.427"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and effect to cultivate a much broader network","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=961.427,963.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of contacts, without having them take on diplomatic forms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=963.9,967.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=969.34,970.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd actually like to add to your consistent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=970.4,973.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"woes as a disease perspective...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=973.22,976.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh dear, I've,\n(audience laughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=976.26,977.093"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I've gotten myself so depressed, I'm not sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=977.093,978.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I want to see the list even longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=978.83,980.938"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (murmuring) Soviet Union and Eastern Europe as well as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=980.938,985.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here and I'm talking about racism, pure and simple.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=985.75,989.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In addition to the inter-ethnic animosity, there's a race","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=989.54,993.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(mumbles) of ignorance and spurred by this economic problems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=993.705,998.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but there were a lot of students say from Africa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=999.0,1002.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"studying in the Soviet Union and are the victims of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1002.1,1004.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often horrible racism, and this type of racism is,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1004.705,1009.705"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for basic reason unfortunately, (murmuring).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1011.288,1016.288"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, my guess, my guess however, is that the numbers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1020.2,1023.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of those students studying in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1023.32,1025.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is going to diminish very sharply, over the years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1025.17,1026.665"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I said the number of students (murmuring).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1026.665,1028.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Because the, the what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1028.397,1029.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah the attitudes are there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1029.93,1031.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the numbers will diminish partly because,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1031.23,1033.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Soviet government will no, no longer seize it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1033.91,1036.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to its advantage to subsidize large number of students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1036.63,1039.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, at a time when their own educational institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1039.83,1042.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are disintegrating, because of budget crises to spend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1042.68,1046.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the millions that have been spent say on Lumumba University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1046.26,1049.181"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.\nYou know, would be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1049.181,1051.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be seen as impossible to sustain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1051.09,1053.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think the numbers will diminish,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1053.47,1055.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but you're absolutely right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1055.2,1056.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think again, some of that racism was disguised","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1056.41,1059.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for many years, by this whole official mythology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1059.91,1063.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of equality and harmony, but there are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1063.58,1066.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no endless stories of the tremendous sort of victimization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1067.31,1071.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and abuse that African students have suffered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1071.89,1074.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1074.76,1076.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, you had a question back there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1076.35,1078.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I know that in this country, we might have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1079.04,1081.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"different ethnic groups flying at each other,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1081.533,1084.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like this generally, what's orchestrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1084.243,1086.812"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for specific reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1086.812,1088.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The, the city of Chicago, a hundred years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1089.4,1091.913"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"microcosm policy (murmuring) and the Chicago tribune,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1093.32,1096.893"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"using the tribune to stir up very tense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1100.38,1103.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the German feeling, because the German,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1103.42,1106.595"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the immigrant Germans in Chicago trying to minimize","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1106.595,1109.674"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there were riots from the Germans as victims.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1109.674,1113.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyway, this repeats consistently through our history,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1113.45,1118.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm curious, if you have (mumbling) in the Soviet Union,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1119.781,1123.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"believe that, ethnic groups that assure there's tensions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1123.653,1127.658"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)but they pre-roll up each other along","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1127.658,1131.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a long time, who's stirring this up?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1131.5,1135.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who's benefiting from these riots and the (mumbles),","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1135.897,1139.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and all this ugliness suddenly allowed to emerge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1140.652,1144.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(murmuring)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1145.295,1147.329"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e (coughs) Well, I think, first of all, the question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1147.329,1150.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you've raised, and particularly the way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1150.54,1152.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've raised it, has been raised many times","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1152.07,1154.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Soviet Union, on all sides of the issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1154.01,1156.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very often, right-wing sort of conservatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1156.4,1159.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will get up and say, well, you know, all of these years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1159.0,1161.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've had nothing but harmony and peace among","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1161.27,1163.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all our ethnic groups, and now suddenly things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1163.08,1165.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are getting stirred up, who is doing it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1165.34,1167.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of who is doing it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1167.88,1169.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And often Soviet newspapers, publications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1171.036,1174.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and even individuals will say, it's all the work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1174.2,1176.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the mafias.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1176.64,1178.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The people who favor Perestroika will argue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1178.17,1180.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it's all the work of the conservatives,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1180.71,1182.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're trying to discredit Perestroika,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1182.41,1184.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discredit Gorbachev, discredit reforms by, by demonstrating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1184.67,1188.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that reform and democratization will simply lead","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1188.63,1191.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to violence and chaos, and therefore they're orchestrating","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1191.68,1195.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it, in order to return the country to authoritarian rule.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1195.22,1198.733"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The reformers will make the opposite argument.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1199.83,1202.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They will argue that it's the, and in fact,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1202.12,1204.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"each side will argue that the other side has an interest","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1204.7,1207.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in fomenting, all of this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1207.49,1208.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's really very hard to get to the bottom","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1208.95,1211.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1211.51,1212.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do think that the circumstances differ very much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1212.343,1215.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from one region of the country to another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1215.42,1218.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Take, for example, the situation in the Baltic republics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1218.13,1221.233"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(coughs) and the, the rise of this Russian dominated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1221.233,1224.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"movement, inter, it's called Interfront.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1224.56,1228.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's basically, I would argue a movement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1228.02,1230.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the military industrial complex, in the Baltic republics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1230.8,1234.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"largely dominated by Russians, but also","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1234.35,1236.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by retired military officers by the management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1236.65,1240.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Russian military plants in the Baltic Republic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1240.0,1244.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are threat and, and enterprises which rely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1244.01,1248.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very heavily on large numbers of migrant workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1248.32,1251.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not migrant workers, of migrants, workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1251.56,1254.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who were brought in from the Russian Republic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1254.21,1256.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other parts of the country to staff these factories.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1256.71,1260.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They live in Russian speaking enclaves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1260.11,1262.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they attend Russian schools, they have virtually","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1262.13,1264.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no contact let's say with Estonians or Lothians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1264.13,1267.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or Lithuanians and they're violently opposed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1267.25,1270.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to these national movements in the Baltic, because if they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1270.02,1273.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are successful, these enterprises would be driven out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1273.49,1276.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they would be forced to go back to Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1276.71,1279.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They now enjoy a much higher living standard,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1279.29,1281.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because conditions are better in the Baltic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1281.55,1283.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than they would be in Russia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1283.3,1284.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these movements are fighting the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1284.64,1288.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Baltic peoples fronts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1288.36,1290.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, clearly the central government, or parts of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1290.04,1292.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the central government are behind them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1292.71,1294.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When these factories, when the workers at these factories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1294.86,1297.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"announced the strike, very mysteriously, the workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1297.63,1300.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"were getting paid off through this whole period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1300.61,1303.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when they were on strike.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1303.36,1304.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, clearly the central ministries were making sure","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1304.26,1307.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they didn't go without support.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1307.24,1309.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there, I think, you know, there is enough evidence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1309.88,1312.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that you can piece together a clear picture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1312.04,1314.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what's going on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1314.35,1315.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the case of central Asia, it's much more ambiguous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1315.93,1318.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't know whether a local political elites, trying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1318.64,1322.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to preserve their old network of power and authority","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1322.76,1326.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or deliberately orchestrating these events,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1326.2,1328.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or whether they really are spontaneous.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1328.66,1330.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether some of them, at least, I mean obviously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1330.96,1333.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they must have ringleaders and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1333.18,1334.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/425","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there are many forms of mob violence that are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1334.82,1338.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/426","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often triggered by, you know, a quarrel in a marketplace","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1338.58,1341.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/427","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the price of strawberries in which, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1341.91,1345.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/428","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've got somewhat of an outside nationality,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1345.04,1348.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"selling strawberries and people are feeling aggrieved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1348.06,1350.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they say, you know, you're an exploiter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1350.45,1352.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the guy shouts back, I am not, this is what it costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1352.55,1355.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And some other people jump on him and he pulls out a knife","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1355.28,1357.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they pull out knives and before you know what,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1357.89,1359.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are hundreds and hundreds of people involved","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1359.35,1361.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in mob violence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1361.64,1363.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's very hard, and I really do think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1363.21,1365.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to look at, you know, look at these situations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1365.86,1368.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"almost case by case, because it's all too easy to fall back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1368.24,1372.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on these larger, on these larger explanations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1372.33,1375.931"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience murmuring)\nAnd one could argue that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1375.931,1377.573"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that and factions using the situation there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1377.573,1380.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"every one of them is enormously complex.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1380.11,1382.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1384.31,1385.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I think in some cases, I think it was only covered up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1385.143,1388.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the surface, but the emotions were always (mumbles).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1388.06,1391.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For instance in Transylvania, there are,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1391.64,1395.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are publishing houses, there journals published","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1395.013,1399.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by groups in this country, they have sent petitions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1399.52,1404.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the congress over the years and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1404.23,1407.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are very, very aware of the problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1407.907,1410.429"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the (murmuring).","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1410.429,1413.429"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And I think the same has been true","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1416.389,1417.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Baltic and elsewhere.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1417.76,1419.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/454","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the other hand, there's some places where,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1419.61,1422.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/455","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there are some real surprises.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1422.4,1424.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/456","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For example the Ukraine, has turned out to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1424.27,1427.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/457","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a great surprise to people who follow the Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1427.5,1430.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/458","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it was always assumed that the Western, you know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1430.33,1434.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/459","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you remember the history of this, of this region,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1434.23,1437.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/460","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Eastern Ukraine was a heavily russified area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1437.59,1441.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/461","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that had been part of the Soviet Union going back to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1441.55,1445.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/462","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a much earlier period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1445.36,1446.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/463","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the Western Ukraine was the territory that was added","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1446.62,1450.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/464","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Soviet Union, after world war two.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1450.37,1452.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/465","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was the territory in effect, taken from Poland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1452.5,1455.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/466","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Poland's borders were moved westward.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1455.16,1458.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/467","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it was always assumed that there was a good deal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1458.96,1461.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/468","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Ukrainian nationalist sentiment in the Western Ukraine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1461.15,1464.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/469","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that the Eastern Ukraine would be relatively impervious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1464.21,1468.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/470","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to it, that their Ukrainian culture had died out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1468.13,1470.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/471","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the language wasn't used, no one was interested in anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1470.35,1473.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/472","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, that, that part of the Ukraine","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1473.7,1475.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/473","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thought of itself as Russian.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1475.81,1477.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/474","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I think to everyone's surprise, Kiev","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1477.57,1480.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/475","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this part of the Ukraine has also been caught up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1480.91,1483.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/476","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this wave of Ukrainian national assertion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1483.86,1487.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/477","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think some of the sentiment was always there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1487.44,1490.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/478","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and was just concealed below the surface, and some of it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1490.56,1492.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/479","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is being newly created by this new political environment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1492.87,1496.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/480","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, at this time we have time for one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1497.51,1499.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/481","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or two quick questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1499.48,1500.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/482","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Why don't we take the one all the way in the back?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1503.39,1506.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I was wondering, do you think a significant portion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1506.2,1508.798"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"used in Europe, can successfully accomplish","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1508.798,1511.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e economic reform?\nCan successfully","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1511.493,1513.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"accomplished what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1513.987,1514.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Economic reform without, just by internal movements","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1514.82,1518.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so forth, without opening up to the rest of the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1518.083,1522.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or need massive amounts of foreign investment?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1522.14,1525.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think it's, you know, one would hesitate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1529.52,1532.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to answer, you know, to say that these countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1532.46,1535.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are incapable of making it on their own, but I,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1535.22,1538.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I do feel that their prospects are, are in many cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1538.18,1542.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in most cases extremely dim given how painful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1542.51,1546.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and protracted a process it is, without the both","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1546.57,1550.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of the leverage and the kinds of support as well as","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1550.62,1554.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the concrete assistance that would be that, that, that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1554.21,1559.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that would come from substantial western economic help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1559.21,1562.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I, I do think that the West is important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1562.7,1565.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has got to be importantly involved in the process","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1565.62,1568.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that Western assistance can make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1568.2,1571.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a very considerable difference.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1571.12,1572.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it would be very difficult for them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1572.88,1574.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to do it entirely without that outside assistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1574.71,1578.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(coughing)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1580.44,1581.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it can come in a great variety of forms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1581.86,1584.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it needn't come only in the form of direct governmental aid,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1584.26,1588.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it could come in the form of various kinds of, of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1588.78,1591.413"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of private assistance, various forms of foreign investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1592.339,1597.339"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"joint ventures of a variety of kinds, technical assistance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1597.52,1602.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1605.04,1605.873"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)\nThank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=1608.303,1612.136"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30851/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/851/original/AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_b.vtt?1626718032","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/030/851/original/AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_b.vtt?1626718032"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30852","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV203960_The_Rise_of_Nationalism_and_Ethnic_Conflicts_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742/transcript/30852/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Major new career opportunities. So these struggles over language policy and over what will be the official languages, and in what realms these languages will be required, is really a major struggle over educational and professional opportunities. And as you can see, it also has enormous potential for pitting different groups against each other. And then finally, sort of one of the great sort of problems that is going to come to the forefront in, in all of these societies is going to be the whole question of the protection of minority rights. In all of these countries, which at best are going to have very fragile political democracies for the next few years, and which are only beginning to try to create states in which legal norms, will come to play an important role, and in which you won't have a system of arbitrary and highly politicized forms of legal protection. The whole question of how to protect minority rights, whether there will be legal or political institutions sufficiently strong and effective, to actually protect minority rights, is really emerging as a major issue. And I think this is going to be a period in which minorities all over this part of the world, will be especially vulnerable. Let me just conclude by saying that if I painted a very grim picture, it's because I genuinely believe that this is going to be, that all of these problems are not only extremely difficult, but are likely to be exacerbated by all of the political and economic turmoil in the region. I think they're going to be very acute in Eastern Europe, they will be especially acute in the Soviet Union, which is really facing a serious prospect of disintegration, with all of the complicated consequences that could have for the rest of the continent, for global relations, for the military stability and military security in the continent. In the Soviet case, there are a number of alternative scenarios that one could imagine, but it is unclear at this point, whether either the, the scenario that Gorbachev is trying to promote, which involves renegotiating the terms of the federation, but preserving a strong central authority. Or the Yeltsin strategy, which involves basically, bilateral negotiations between the Russian Republic and all of the other republics, whether either of those strategies is likely to be effective. And as I say, in any case, the situation of minorities and all of these regions will be very precarious. I think that the United States and West, and the West in general has an enormous stake in the stability of this region. That if there is tremendous turmoil and instability and violence in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, it will inevitably spill over into Western Europe. There is no way to contain these problems, within Eastern Europe and the Soviet union. We could see massive waves of migrants, of various minority groups, streaming westward, putting enormous pressure on all of the West European governments, as well as the United States, which could conceivably lead to the erection of a new iron curtain, this time erected by the West, to protect itself against this flood of refugees from the East. There are enormous ecological problems which cannot help but spill over into the West. The economic, tremendous economic disruptions in this region can not but help affect the prospects of economic stabilization in the European community, as well as the United States. And then there is above all the tremendous security problem, posed by the presence in Soviet Union, of massive quantities, not only of conventional weapons, but of nuclear weapons, and the question of whether their security can be guaranteed, if there is really breakdown of central authority and explosive ethnic conflicts. For all of these reasons, I think all of us have a great stake, in the future development of this entire region and a great stake in taking on a major role in helping to create new institutions, that might be able to play some more effective role, in helping to stabilize this region and in helping to the, the states of this region to manage these problems that will arise out of nationalist self-assertion, in a way that will not only give the processes of economic marketization and political democratization, a more, create a more favorable climate for these developments, but also to stabilize the entire European situation, because it is so much in our common interest. Thank you.\r\n\r\n- Do we have?\r\n\r\n- I'd be delighted to answer any questions that you might like to raise. Why don't we start in the back, go ahead.\r\n\r\n- Is there a joint nationalism ?\r\n\r\n- Well, there is, in the Soviet Union of course, the Jews have been largely a dispersed nationality. There was an attempt as, as you may know, to create a Jewish homeland in Bureau Dijon, but it never took any serious hold in the Soviet Union, because it was so completely artificial and unconnected, thank you, to, to any Jewish tradition. So there are still some substantial Jewish communities in Moscow, in some of the other cities of the Russian Republic, scattered in the Baltic republics and elsewhere, still relatively in Georgia and elsewhere, relatively small. But what you have been seeing in the past few years, is they, sort of growing self-assertion in this climate of greater tolerance and less repression, of Jewish identity just as you've seen assertions of identity by other national groups, even groups without homelands, like Soviet Curry and Soviet Germans and so on. And in the last few years, this has been given much greater, it, it has been much more tolerated and even encouraged in some cases by local authorities. So you've had the establishment of the first Jewish Yeshivas in the Soviet Union openly, Hebrew is no longer, the use of Hebrew as a language, is no longer banned. Religious instruction, it's now possible to offer some religious instruction to young people, various cultural and other, other associations have been organized in a number of Russian cities, Jewish groups of various kinds, and there was last December, the first national congress of Jewish organizations. So you're beginning to see, the sort of limited development of new communal associations for Jews, as well as for a variety of other nationalities in the Soviet Union, that don't have their own territorial Homeland. But in the case of Jews, as in the case of some others, there's still a good deal of fear about what will happen, well sort of fear that if this, that if, if the situation is exacerbated, if central authority breaks down, if Gorbachev and the Gorbachev reforms are kicked to the side, that there could well be a nationalist, populist backlash, which will place them in great danger. So, and, and I think this is why you see side by side with the growing expressions of Jewish identity, also a growing wave of immigration on the part of Jews who were simply too fearful to stay and want to leave the country for, for the United States, for Israel or for anywhere else, they can go. Yeah, okay.\r\n\r\n- Are there any of the Eastern European countries where you see, which of the countries do you see as having the least problem .\r\n\r\n- Well I, I mean, obviously the, the ones that will have the least, the least problems are those that have the fewest sort of foreign nationalities, these Germany in many ways is likely to be the easiest for, for a great variety of reasons. Poland is more homogeneous for example, than many of the others are. I think it's a little bit hard to say, it depends so much on how these developments evolve and, and what relations, and how relations in the region develop. I mean, the whole question of what happens to the Transylvania minority, really depends on the relation the kinds of relations that are established between Hungary and several of the other East European States. I think it's very hard to predict, I mean, obviously Yugoslavia is going to go through an extremely traumatic time, because the whole question of what its boundaries will, what, what will happen to Yugoslavia, whether it will remain together in any way, or whether it will fragment into pieces, and if so, into what pieces remains a major problem. But I think none of these countries are going to have an easy time of it. Yeah, go ahead.\r\n\r\n- What do you think about the possibility of having European countries still offering economic aid? I know a lot of them are thinking about that but they are afraid to .\r\n\r\n- I mean, economic aid to the Soviet Union or to other countries in Eastern Europe?\r\n\r\n- To the Soviet Union and other countries .\r\n\r\n- Well, I think, I mean, I think there has been serious discussion in, in western capitals about aid to Eastern Europe and the Soviet union. There has been some fairly substantial economic assistance already been channeled and, and more will be channeled to Poland, to Hungary, probably to Czechoslovakia also. I think that one of that, that in a sense the rapid changes in East Germany, have more or less diverted the interest of the West German government, which might earlier have been in both, in a position to help some of the other East European countries, and have been prepared to do so on a large scale. But with the sudden changes in Eastern Germany, the costs of absorbing and transforming Eastern Germany which is of course the West German government's highest priority, are absolutely massive. And I think that has really diverted a good deal of attention away from a German role, in parts of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. I think the United States has been, has been sort of much more cautious in approaching this whole problem, and everyone has been more cautious, these would be the Soviet Union than parts of Eastern Europe. I think until now, there has been the feeling that any aid channeled to the Soviet Union, in any significant way, would simply go to strengthen the old institutions, rather than to strengthen the forces of reform. But I think that as the Soviet situation becomes more critical, and there is a serious danger of food shortages, energy shortages, tremendous unrest in the Soviet Union this winter, I think people are more and more beginning, governments are beginning more and more to think about the possibility that massive infusions of aid, may be needed this winter, in the Soviet Union as well, and are trying to think more constructively, about how to channel this aid, so that it would strengthen, reform oriented governments, either in the republics or in some of the major cities and not simply strengthen the hands of the central bureaucracy. But I think to the extent that the Soviet leadership takes more radical movements in the direction of marketization and economic reform, I think there will be a greater western commitment. I must say though that, that here, the whole crisis in the Persian Gulf, is really very deeply intertwined, with the fate of developments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, because I think just that a moment, when western governments were indeed organizing themselves and getting poised to focus on this region, and to offer various kinds of, of assistance, the Persian Gulf crisis has really diverted, not only attention, but also massive resources to this other region. And I think that is enormously complicating, develop the whole prospect of, of assistance in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I have a, a related question, I guess if, let's say Georgia goes ahead and really immerse themselves in the , do you think Western European heirlooms will be able to ?\r\n\r\n- Well, I think until now, first of all I think the Baltic republics, have until now been treated as a separate and distinct case because the juridical status of those three republics, is different from those of all of the others. And even their, western governments have been extremely cautious and hesitant to recognize these governments, and have basically sort of taken the standard sort of diplomatic view, that until these governments can demonstrate that they are indeed in control of their territories, it would not be appropriate to extend full, diplomatic recognition. So I think there, is sort of a very complicated diplomatic game, being played out, in which these governments are, are sort of actively engaged in trying to build support in Scandinavia and in Western Europe, trying to expand economic ties, setting up information agencies and missions, and little by little trying to make themselves more of a presence and excuse me, and to get their status upgraded. They've asked to be recognized, to be given observer status at the CSE meetings in, in Europe and so on. I think everyone is trying to be cautious because they don't want to do anything that would seriously undermine Gorbachev's authority or create serious diplomatic problems. In any case, I think that, that until the, that, that the Baltic is likely to, the Baltic republics are likely to remain the focus of most of these diplomatic efforts. Now when you get to Georgia, Georgia is really in a situation somewhat like a number of other republics, and they're in order to extend serious diplomatic recognition. I think both the United States and other countries would have to be prepared to see the dismemberment of the Soviet Union. And I think there are lots of real concerns about, whether this would be to anyone's interest, and I don't think it is really being seriously contemplated so far. My guess is that, what we'll see in the next few years, are efforts to broaden the scope of our contacts, with the various republics of the Soviet Union. Perhaps not to limit our ties as exclusively as we have until now to Moscow, but to begin to perhaps set up information agencies, or cultural exchanges, educational exchanges, some economic ties with the different republics of the Soviet Union, and effect to cultivate a much broader network of contacts, without having them take on diplomatic forms. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I'd actually like to add to your consistent, woes as a disease perspective...\r\n\r\n- Oh dear, I've, I've gotten myself so depressed, I'm not sure I want to see the list even longer.\r\n\r\n- Soviet Union and Eastern Europe as well as here and I'm talking about racism, pure and simple. In addition to the inter-ethnic animosity, there's a race of ignorance and spurred by this economic problems but there were a lot of students say from Africa, studying in the Soviet Union and are the victims of often horrible racism, and this type of racism is, for basic reason unfortunately, .\r\n\r\n- Yeah, my guess, my guess however, is that the numbers of those students studying in the Soviet Union, is going to diminish very sharply, over the years.\r\n\r\n- I said the number of students .\r\n\r\n- Because the, the what? Yeah the attitudes are there. I think the numbers will diminish partly because, the Soviet government will no, no longer seize it, to its advantage to subsidize large number of students. I mean, at a time when their own educational institutions are disintegrating, because of budget crises to spend the millions that have been spent say on Lumumba University.\r\n\r\n- Right.\r\n\r\n- You know, would be, would be seen as impossible to sustain. So I think the numbers will diminish, but you're absolutely right. I think again, some of that racism was disguised for many years, by this whole official mythology of equality and harmony, but there are no endless stories of the tremendous sort of victimization and abuse that African students have suffered in the Soviet Union. Yes, you had a question back there.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I know that in this country, we might have different ethnic groups flying at each other, like this generally, what's orchestrated for specific reasons. The, the city of Chicago, a hundred years ago, microcosm policy and the Chicago tribune, using the tribune to stir up very tense and the German feeling, because the German, the immigrant Germans in Chicago trying to minimize and there were riots from the Germans as victims. Anyway, this repeats consistently through our history, and I'm curious, if you have in the Soviet Union, believe that, ethnic groups that assure there's tensions, but they pre-roll up each other along for a long time, who's stirring this up? Who's benefiting from these riots and the , and all this ugliness suddenly allowed to emerge?\r\n\r\n- Well, I think, first of all, the question that you've raised, and particularly the way you've raised it, has been raised many times in the Soviet Union, on all sides of the issue. Very often, right-wing sort of conservatives, will get up and say, well, you know, all of these years we've had nothing but harmony and peace among all our ethnic groups, and now suddenly things are getting stirred up, who is doing it, sort of who is doing it? And often Soviet newspapers, publications, and even individuals will say, it's all the work of the mafias. The people who favor Perestroika will argue, that it's all the work of the conservatives, they're trying to discredit Perestroika, discredit Gorbachev, discredit reforms by, by demonstrating that reform and democratization will simply lead to violence and chaos, and therefore they're orchestrating it, in order to return the country to authoritarian rule. The reformers will make the opposite argument. They will argue that it's the, and in fact, each side will argue that the other side has an interest in fomenting, all of this. And it's really very hard to get to the bottom of this problem. I do think that the circumstances differ very much from one region of the country to another. Take, for example, the situation in the Baltic republics, and the, the rise of this Russian dominated movement, inter, it's called Interfront. It's basically, I would argue a movement of the military industrial complex, in the Baltic republics, largely dominated by Russians, but also by retired military officers by the management of the Russian military plants in the Baltic Republic, who are threat and, and enterprises which rely very heavily on large numbers of migrant workers, not migrant workers, of migrants, workers, who were brought in from the Russian Republic, and other parts of the country to staff these factories. They live in Russian speaking enclaves, they attend Russian schools, they have virtually no contact let's say with Estonians or Lothians or Lithuanians and they're violently opposed to these national movements in the Baltic, because if they are successful, these enterprises would be driven out, they would be forced to go back to Russia. They now enjoy a much higher living standard, because conditions are better in the Baltic than they would be in Russia. So these movements are fighting the, the Baltic peoples fronts. Well, clearly the central government, or parts of the central government are behind them. When these factories, when the workers at these factories announced the strike, very mysteriously, the workers were getting paid off through this whole period, when they were on strike. Well, clearly the central ministries were making sure that they didn't go without support. So there, I think, you know, there is enough evidence so that you can piece together a clear picture of what's going on. In the case of central Asia, it's much more ambiguous. You don't know whether a local political elites, trying to preserve their old network of power and authority or deliberately orchestrating these events, or whether they really are spontaneous. Whether some of them, at least, I mean obviously they must have ringleaders and so on. But there are many forms of mob violence that are often triggered by, you know, a quarrel in a marketplace over the price of strawberries in which, you know, you've got somewhat of an outside nationality, selling strawberries and people are feeling aggrieved, and they say, you know, you're an exploiter, and the guy shouts back, I am not, this is what it costs. And some other people jump on him and he pulls out a knife and they pull out knives and before you know what, there are hundreds and hundreds of people involved in mob violence. So it's very hard, and I really do think, you have to look at, you know, look at these situations almost case by case, because it's all too easy to fall back on these larger, on these larger explanations. And one could argue that, that and factions using the situation there, every one of them is enormously complex. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- I think in some cases, I think it was only covered up on the surface, but the emotions were always . For instance in Transylvania, there are, there are publishing houses, there journals published by groups in this country, they have sent petitions to the congress over the years and they are very, very aware of the problem of the .\r\n\r\n- And I think the same has been true in the Baltic and elsewhere. On the other hand, there's some places where, where there are some real surprises. For example the Ukraine, has turned out to be a great surprise to people who follow the Soviet Union. I think it was always assumed that the Western, you know, if you remember the history of this, of this region, the Eastern Ukraine was a heavily russified area that had been part of the Soviet Union going back to, to a much earlier period. But the Western Ukraine was the territory that was added to the Soviet Union, after world war two. It was the territory in effect, taken from Poland when Poland's borders were moved westward. And so it was always assumed that there was a good deal of Ukrainian nationalist sentiment in the Western Ukraine but that the Eastern Ukraine would be relatively impervious to it, that their Ukrainian culture had died out, the language wasn't used, no one was interested in anymore. You know, that, that part of the Ukraine thought of itself as Russian. Well, I think to everyone's surprise, Kiev and this part of the Ukraine has also been caught up in this wave of Ukrainian national assertion. So I think some of the sentiment was always there and was just concealed below the surface, and some of it is being newly created by this new political environment.\r\n\r\n- Oh, at this time we have time for one or two quick questions.\r\n\r\n- Why don't we take the one all the way in the back?\r\n\r\n- I was wondering, do you think a significant portion used in Europe, can successfully accomplish economic reform?\r\n\r\n- Can successfully accomplished what?\r\n\r\n- Economic reform without, just by internal movements and so forth, without opening up to the rest of the world or need massive amounts of foreign investment?\r\n\r\n- Well, I think it's, you know, one would hesitate to answer, you know, to say that these countries are incapable of making it on their own, but I, I do feel that their prospects are, are in many cases, in most cases extremely dim given how painful and protracted a process it is, without the both sort of the leverage and the kinds of support as well as the concrete assistance that would be that, that, that that would come from substantial western economic help. So I, I do think that the West is important, has got to be importantly involved in the process and that Western assistance can make a very considerable difference. I think it would be very difficult for them to do it entirely without that outside assistance. But it can come in a great variety of forms, it needn't come only in the form of direct governmental aid, it could come in the form of various kinds of, of of private assistance, various forms of foreign investment, joint ventures of a variety of kinds, technical assistance. Okay. Thank you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2486/collection_resources/46609/file/119742#t=0.0,1613.76"}]}]}]}