{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/k06ww77n0n/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Walker, Richard, The New Geography of the World Economy"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["The New Geography of the World Economy. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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My name is Gary Tartikoff,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=5.18,8.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I'm the faculty chair of the Institute of World Affairs,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=8.23,11.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and before we begin I wanted to remind you all,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=11.91,15.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that Institute of World Affairs is a small committee open","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=15.98,20.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to whoever wants to join it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=20.43,21.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anyone in this room is eligible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=21.8,24.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We have faculty staff,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=24.35,27.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people from neighboring institutions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=27.47,29.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"people who live in the area,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=29.42,31.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who are interested in what goes on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=31.32,32.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at ISU and come and take part in the Institute.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=32.22,35.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Particularly, we have students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=35.4,37.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Graduate students,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=37.27,38.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"undergraduate students, former students.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=38.103,41.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we'll start two weeks from yesterday at four o'clock","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=41.35,46.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pine Room talking over what's going on this week,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=46.22,48.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then we will start looking for a topic for next year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=48.53,51.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We just try to find the most important possible topic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=51.97,54.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the world and focus on that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=54.77,57.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if there's a topic that you think ought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=57.28,58.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be discussed here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=58.71,59.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we got to have a week of lectures on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=59.543,61.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If there's somebody who you think is really interesting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=61.13,63.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you'd like to meet them and hear them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=63.28,65.287"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you'd like to have your colleagues","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=65.287,67.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and friends and associates here hear them,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=67.71,69.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come to this meeting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=69.85,70.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"get involved and find a way to work them into the week.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=70.69,73.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first time I ever went and sat in the meeting,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=74.66,76.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"somebody had to be something.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=76.11,77.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I came back the next week and they took my topic.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=77.07,79.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It hooked me that's why I'm here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=79.42,80.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Come say, if you're interested at all in this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=80.97,83.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can be a real big part of it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=83.24,84.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we hope you'll come to our meetings.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=84.42,86.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you forget what I said it will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=86.66,87.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"be called the lecture office,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=87.91,91.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"come by and see us or talk to me after the meeting here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=91.2,93.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but if you're interested please by and take part,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=93.82,96.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can assemble this week for next year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=96.4,98.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we'd like to have you take part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=98.4,100.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you, Laura.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=100.58,102.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And right after this lecture, go vote.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=105.88,107.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Before I introduced this afternoon speaker,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=111.99,114.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I would like to remind you that tomorrow at noon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=114.29,116.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the Pioneer Room that Mitsuya Gottel will be speaking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=116.8,120.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on U.S-Japanese relations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=120.01,122.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then at eight o'clock in the Sun Room,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=122.27,124.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jayne Cortez will be giving a lecture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=124.55,126.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on economy, ecology and poetry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=126.58,129.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Richard Walker received his bachelor's degree in 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university.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=137.52,142.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He has written two books,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=142.21,143.767"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=143.767,147.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Economic Growth,\" as well as,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=147.42,149.607"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The New Social Economy:Reworking the Division of Labor.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=149.607,153.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Dr. Walker is currently a professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=153.75,155.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of geography at the University of California at Berkeley,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=155.63,158.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and is also the editor of the Journal Antipodes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=158.84,161.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is my pleasure to introduce to you Dr. Richard Walker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=161.66,165.315"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clapping)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=165.315,168.315"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Thank you, Laura.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=173.835,174.668"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thank you all for having me here,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=174.668,176.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"my roots in Iowa go back a long way,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=176.82,178.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I have great grandparents who born and raised in Iowa,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=178.61,183.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"before we drifted West into that other world of California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=183.11,187.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna talk today about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=189.15,190.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the new geography of the world economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=190.16,192.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I have a lot to say, so I'll talk fast.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=192.49,194.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You'll have to bear with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=197.31,199.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I wanna make a case that the changing geography","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=199.12,202.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the world is deeply tied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=202.9,205.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in with the changing economy of the world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=205.34,209.681"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that in turn with the politics of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=209.681,213.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in that argument, I want to make clear to you,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=214.217,217.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the map of the world has changed very dramatically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=217.32,220.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"over the last couple of decades,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=220.92,223.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly felt strongly in the eighties,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=223.31,225.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the United States is not fared well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=226.84,229.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that redrawing the map.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=229.21,231.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I guess given that the presidential election is upon us,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=231.27,236.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that during this election","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=236.57,237.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the issue of the American economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=237.81,239.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is finally resurfaced after years of being neglected,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=239.73,243.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's about time that we face up to some","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=243.64,246.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of these new geographic reality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=246.58,248.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some things that some of us in geography","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=248.16,250.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and economic geography have been talking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=250.53,251.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about for some time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=251.92,253.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think are just our news still for too many people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=253.84,258.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I assure you that the country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=258.23,260.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that does not know its geography well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=260.06,262.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this new global geography is in a lot of trouble.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=262.55,266.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So part of what we have to do is simply come","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=266.19,268.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to grips with the changes in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=268.67,271.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, we need to understand what's behind them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=271.4,274.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and particularly the changes in production systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=274.3,277.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ways of making things and doing things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=277.76,279.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the economy that are so fundamental","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=279.79,282.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the redrawing of the map.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=282.14,283.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then behind that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=284.45,285.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we have to understand a bit of the politics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=285.5,288.098"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that shapes and drives those economic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=288.098,292.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and geographical changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=292.92,294.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, first let me lay out just briefly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=300.83,303.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where we stand historically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=303.52,305.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Mandel is going to be here later in the week,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=306.08,308.395"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so he can do a better job than I on the nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=308.395,312.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the last 50 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=312.75,314.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what is often called the long way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=314.56,316.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's no question that this period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=317.8,319.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has a coherence that we stand at the end of a long epic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=319.75,324.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and possibly at the beginning of a new one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=324.49,327.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We stand at a 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capitalism.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=333.65,335.173"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The redrawing of the world map","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=336.53,337.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is not just a political question of the new countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=337.74,340.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are appearing in the former Soviet Union.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=340.51,343.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's something that's been going 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capitalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=347.19,349.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the old communist countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=349.67,351.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the overwhelming impression I wanna give 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nineties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=360.45,362.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certainly after World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=364.8,366.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"things looked very rosy for the US.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=366.39,368.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It looked very rosy for most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=368.82,370.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the advanced countries as they got back on their feet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=370.32,372.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the devastation of World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=372.75,374.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there were very high growth rates from 1945 to about 1970.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=376.21,381.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the average of perhaps 3.6%","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=381.69,383.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the figure I have for 1950 to 1973","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=385.176,388.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that growth rate in the advanced countries have slowed down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=388.31,391.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to 2% between 1973 and 1989.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=391.32,394.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It'd be worse if you took the figures to 1992.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=394.61,397.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is on the whole,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=397.75,399.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first two and a half decades,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=399.35,402.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"three decades after the war where a period","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=402.0,403.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of pretty robust growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=403.98,404.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of course uneven amongst different countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=404.813,409.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but pretty robust growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=409.11,410.127"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And where the United States, of course standing stride","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=410.127,412.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that as a kind of world colossus.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=412.87,415.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Since 1970, we've had a series of very deep recessions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=416.56,421.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very serious downturns and much","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=421.76,424.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more sluggish growth approaching","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=424.04,426.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in some cases to a kind of feeling of stagnation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=426.25,428.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The big recession of course has 73, 75, 80, 82","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=429.91,433.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and now 89 to 92 and perhaps into 93, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=433.97,437.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=437.42,438.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, there's a number of views","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=441.75,443.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of where this long downswing comes from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=443.71,448.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I won't belabor these,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=448.17,449.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I will mention them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=449.29,450.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's the Keynesian view where it should I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=451.537,455.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"someone like John Kenneth Galbraith","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=456.61,457.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who spoke the other night might embrace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=457.88,460.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that simply there's a sense of stagnation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=460.0,462.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and investment that capitalists have not been investing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=462.4,467.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the right ways and the right thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=467.52,469.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's good reasons to think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=469.12,470.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's truth to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=470.23,471.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's lot of truth to that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=471.083,472.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of diversion of investment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=472.6,474.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into speculative activities in the eighties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=474.06,476.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A second version is (indistinct) Joseph Schumpeter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=477.31,481.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who argued that periods of economic growth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=481.38,484.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are driven by rapid technical change","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=484.46,487.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and by bursts of technological innovation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=487.29,490.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And this feeling was the technology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=490.42,492.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a huge wave of new technologies came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=492.66,496.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in and around World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=496.77,498.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the spreading of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=498.67,499.503"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the old Fordist mass production technologies out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=499.503,502.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the United States into Europe","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=502.68,503.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and into Japan in a way that it hadn't spread before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=503.9,507.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then that drove the long period of growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=507.73,510.063"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that ran out of steam in the last two decades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=511.53,515.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem with that theory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=515.39,517.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that is that there's been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=517.67,521.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an enormous technological change in the last two decades.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=521.06,524.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Enormous new frontiers and productivity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=524.89,529.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which I'll come back to,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=529.67,531.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the law is some view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=531.53,532.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of technology having run out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=532.96,535.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Technology having drifted off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=535.0,536.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Of course the key question is always ready","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=537.91,539.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to technological change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=539.77,542.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's another view, a third view,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=542.07,543.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's a kind of institutional view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=543.93,545.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been very popular lately on the left,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=545.26,548.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"goes under the name of the regulation theory","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=548.07,549.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the social structures of accumulation associated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=549.95,552.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with members of the earthy school","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=552.9,555.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the radical political economy association.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=555.16,557.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is that there was an accord between capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=558.69,560.677"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and labor after World War II,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=560.677,562.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other kinds of balances,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=563.43,565.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"institutional fabrics built","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=565.21,567.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in social relations that help to balance the system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=567.6,571.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"against its worst excesses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=571.91,573.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which capitalism does have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=575.18,578.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And at that balance has come apart","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=578.28,581.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's been a break up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=581.0,581.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of that capital labor accord driving down wages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=581.833,585.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"disintegration of unions, certainly true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=585.62,588.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The problem with that there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=588.53,589.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is it's more an effect than a cause.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=589.48,592.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the basic cause of the long wave I would argue","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=592.48,595.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it goes back to the old theory of Karl Marx","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=595.47,599.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the falling rate of profit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=599.99,601.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And surprisingly in this age,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=601.91,603.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when Marxism is now dead by all declarations,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=603.45,607.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's some excellent work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=607.3,609.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually the best work that's ever been done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=609.07,610.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in economics showing that indeed the rate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=610.76,612.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of profit has been falling throughout the Capitalist world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=612.82,616.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"since at least the late 1960s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=616.21,618.047"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in some version since World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=618.047,621.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's really undeniable kind of fact of economic life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=621.14,626.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's one that I want to note because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=626.16,628.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it helps explain some of the desperate politics of our age","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=628.59,633.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the reactions that the capitalists have taken here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=634.7,639.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and elsewhere in response to the sort of dire straits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=639.68,643.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of this decline,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=643.64,644.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this slow gradual decline in the rate of profit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=644.97,647.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which itself is due overwhelmingly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=647.72,650.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to over investment too much capital having been created","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=650.43,654.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a variety of ways.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=654.34,655.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll come back to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=659.35,660.523"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, as the world economy started","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=662.81,665.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to decline the last two decades,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=665.99,667.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've got a curious phenomenon in the 1980s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=667.39,672.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I call a thrust boom.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=672.23,674.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In which a number of policies were implemented tax cuts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=674.75,678.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Deregulation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=678.73,680.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Under the Reagan umbrella,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=680.18,681.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which stimulated short term activity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=683.0,686.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that was highly speculative,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=689.08,690.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"highly skewed towards luxury consumption.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=690.63,694.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the end had almost no 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boom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=701.39,702.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it seems very hollow.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=702.85,704.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the 90s we were sort of looking 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period,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=708.013,710.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sort of toxic waste the false economy of the 1980s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=710.26,715.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is collapsed savings and loans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=715.68,718.303"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"closed banks like The Bank of New England,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=719.27,722.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tight credit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=722.1,723.273"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can lower interest rates as far as you want these days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=724.3,726.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it doesn't stimulate any new economic activity,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=726.83,729.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the financiers are so afraid of making new loans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=729.47,733.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and this is an obvious what they should be making loans for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=733.16,736.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Consumers that are overstretched,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=736.42,737.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the governments are overstretched and deficits growing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=737.9,741.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we have a general sense","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=741.24,742.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of financial calamity all around us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=742.94,745.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Which makes this recession look curiously stagnant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=747.07,751.283"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, coming from California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=755.62,757.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we're the last ones to get the recession.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=757.9,760.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"California has been sort of the bright light","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=760.87,762.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the American economy for the last 20 years far and away","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=762.79,765.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the fastest growth,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=765.23,766.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the most manufacturing development high-tech aerospace,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=766.49,771.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's all coming apart at the seems right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=771.29,773.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I might add is ungovernable,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=775.26,777.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"thanks to all our wonderful innovations from proposition 13","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=777.51,781.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to term limitations and our,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=781.4,784.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know our contributions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=784.75,786.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the American political scene from Star Wars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=786.79,789.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Silicon Valley fever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=789.71,791.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we in California have a lot to answer for.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=792.357,794.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'm here to try and make some amends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=794.36,798.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me talk about the new geography now","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=798.82,800.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that emergence at the end of this period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=800.38,802.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are about five major tendencies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=803.72,805.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd like to emphasize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=805.91,807.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The first is globalization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=807.21,809.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we hear a lot about globalization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=809.16,811.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we know it means several things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=812.66,814.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means an internationalization of trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=814.54,817.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it means a growing internationalization of production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=817.29,820.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It means growing internationalization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=820.36,822.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of finance and finally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=822.08,824.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as an effect of all those,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=824.21,825.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"growing internationalization of competition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=825.55,828.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that has happened,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=828.56,831.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has grown,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=831.2,832.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although it is curious that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=832.74,834.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know, globalization kind of hits home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=834.93,837.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"When it hits home in the United States,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=837.98,839.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's when we become acutely aware of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=839.51,842.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The indigenous people in the Americas who are well aware","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=842.96,845.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of globalization about 500 years ago,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=845.12,847.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but this new sort of level of globalization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=847.55,851.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is pinching the shoe of the American economy rather tightly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=851.34,855.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the American economy has not done particularly well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=857.12,860.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this growth With our foreign direct investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=860.25,865.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our corporations leading the way of internationalization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=867.88,870.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after World War II and that first 20, 30 year period.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=870.86,873.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And since then, retreating relatively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=873.89,876.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the direct investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=876.89,879.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"financial investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=879.18,880.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"corporate extension of other economies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=880.58,883.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"particularly the Japanese and the German.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=883.24,885.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I could bore you with the figures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=886.35,887.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I think I will","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=887.72,888.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the interesting of time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=888.553,889.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Actually, we hear a lot","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=891.66,892.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the internationalization production is produced.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=892.92,896.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This created a system of a new industrial division of labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=896.18,901.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of parts of production systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=901.1,903.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"pieces of multi-nationals","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=903.84,905.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all over the globe now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=905.14,906.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"integrated by very complex trade flows","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=906.89,909.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where you heard a little about that last night","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=909.19,910.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from professor Jones,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=910.88,912.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trade flows and intermediate goods.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=912.26,914.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That next world trade world production is quite different","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=914.52,917.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than it did even 20 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=917.33,920.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's a dramatic change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=920.41,922.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although the production part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=922.75,924.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of internationalization has been swamped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=924.12,926.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1980s by the financial international section.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=926.01,929.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We now see $1 trillion per day trading in currency markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=929.53,934.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is vastly more than the amount","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=935.07,936.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of trade per year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=936.98,939.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thinks about 15 times the quantity of trade per year","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=939.577,942.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is in the currency transactions per day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=942.16,945.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I will retreat from saying there's globalization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=951.87,955.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"To say we can't,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=955.55,957.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a lot of global battle these days","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=957.21,959.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about globalization that's capital mobility,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=959.66,962.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's the only thing we need to know about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=962.3,963.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's not true.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=963.79,965.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the argument I also wanna make","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=965.95,967.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"here very strongly as a geographer,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=967.55,969.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the specificity of the geographic changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=969.68,973.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the economic changes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=973.84,975.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what I will emphasize from here on out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=975.89,978.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the specificities is the global shift","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=980.26,982.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the center of world production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=982.8,984.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and accumulation from United States to Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=984.23,987.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Japan will pass the United States in industrial output","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=987.92,991.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about five years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=991.21,992.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it'll pass us in GNP in about 10 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=992.15,995.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know if that's news,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=995.17,996.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's clear that the 21st century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=996.29,999.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be the Japanese century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=999.16,1001.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"more than well this one was the American century","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1001.18,1003.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the American half century,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1003.89,1005.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess about all we got.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1005.27,1006.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Japanese are investing twice","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1007.74,1009.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as fast as US in terms of the percentage of GMP.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1009.62,1013.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They've gained in sector after sector,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1013.43,1015.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"steel, cars, machinery,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1015.79,1018.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"consumer electronics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1018.77,1020.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain forms of computers and semiconductors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1021.6,1025.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not every sector finding means,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1025.48,1027.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but all host of sectors that were once thought to be,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1027.63,1030.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know the American 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planning,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1041.49,1044.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of financial controls and so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1044.34,1047.443"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we suffer from great many 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day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1059.68,1060.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that said, \"Well US productivity is really higher","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1060.513,1063.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the Japanese today still.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1063.69,1066.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, a lot it does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1066.01,1066.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That reason for that is 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ours","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1078.6,1080.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in one place after another.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1080.89,1082.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quality of products better,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1082.64,1084.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"innovation rates faster,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1085.83,1087.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their response even to things like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1089.71,1093.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/389","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the recession has been much more nimble than ours.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1093.03,1096.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/390","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Japanese have just introduced a rather huge injection","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1096.96,1101.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of public investment into the economy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1101.36,1103.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try to stimulate it after","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1103.81,1105.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Stock Market collapsed there last year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1105.25,1109.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something that the US may get around to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1109.31,1112.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Meanwhile of course US has been declining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1113.55,1115.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we've gone from 40% of the 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now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1122.06,1126.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've gone from the world's largest creditor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1126.46,1128.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the world's largest debtor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1128.54,1130.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we borrowed $1 trillion","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1130.54,1131.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on world capital markets in the 1980s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1132.83,1135.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our trade deficit in the 1980s ran about $1 trillion.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1135.04,1138.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a lot of money.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1139.85,1141.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we've lost domestic market share","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1141.61,1144.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in 28 industrial sectors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1144.7,1146.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Essentially almost all industrial sectors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1147.761,1150.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In fact, it would be worse if it weren't for 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popped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1158.28,1160.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"up great deal of our industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1160.06,1162.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's been a substantial 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Midwest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1168.85,1171.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by Japanese companies not just automobiles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1171.29,1175.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in rubber products, in steel,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1175.11,1178.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and in auto parts and probably other sectors as well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1179.87,1183.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that haven't been studied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1183.39,1184.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but that's just one study I know of.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1184.223,1186.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Almost the entire capacity that was closed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1186.81,1189.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 1980s in the core","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1189.98,1192.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the American economy was reopened as Japanese plants.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1192.06,1195.123"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/423","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also been along with the shift","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1200.146,1201.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/424","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from United States to 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of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1403.97,1407.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It take advantage of Southern European labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1407.48,1409.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for certain parts of the production 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itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1417.69,1421.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a world that can no longer compete in very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1421.24,1424.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Then we have the North American Free Trade 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answer.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1439.04,1441.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If we could just create that kind of a block,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1442.9,1445.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we can beat the Europeans at their own game,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1446.22,1448.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We can contain this kind of rampage global competition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1448.93,1453.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"protect ourselves to a certain degree,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1453.87,1456.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and give ourselves an internal advantage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1456.86,1459.007"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within this larger 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capitalists","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1467.38,1471.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of United States and Mexico who can't think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1471.16,1474.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of something better to 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ways,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1479.61,1480.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a lame response to their own inability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1480.5,1483.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to advance their forces of production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1483.87,1487.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and develop their economies competitively","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1487.44,1490.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on this global Playing field.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1490.54,1492.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The third trading block, of course is East Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1495.92,1498.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Where Japanese have extended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1498.83,1500.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their production apparatus all throughout South East Asia.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1501.61,1505.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now there won't be a formal trading block there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1505.02,1507.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't think because the legacy of Japanese imperialism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1507.03,1511.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the early 20th century is still seared on people's minds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1511.11,1514.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there wasn't anybody gonna sort of get","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1514.73,1516.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in bed with Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1516.37,1517.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I criticized the United States a lot of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1519.23,1520.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because one could do the same","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1520.693,1522.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for Japan or France or any number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1522.68,1524.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of other advanced countries","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1524.35,1526.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that have a lot to answer for them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1526.09,1527.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But anyway, the Japanese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1527.5,1529.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and also Chinese capital overseas Chinese capital going back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1529.35,1533.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into China as well as developing in its own centers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1533.95,1538.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as now investing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1538.02,1539.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in North America forms another huge developing area","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1539.39,1544.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of East Asia that is a challenge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1545.27,1547.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to North America and Europe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1547.64,1549.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now those kinds of changes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1551.85,1553.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those very large changes are ones","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1553.71,1555.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think you're rather familiar with.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1555.28,1557.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've heard a lot about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1557.26,1559.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But I also want to stress","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1559.1,1561.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there's a great many more fine grain changes going","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1561.13,1564.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on at the regional levels,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1564.93,1567.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sub national levels that I absolutely central","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1567.14,1571.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to this process of economic restructuring,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1571.22,1574.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"economic change before us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1574.56,1577.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we see not just national shifts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1577.1,1579.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but we see shifts within countries.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1579.97,1582.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/551","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Talking about NAFTA yesterday,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1582.9,1584.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/552","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Northern Mexico is clearly the key area in the 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industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1672.69,1675.313"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So a new industrial space there on a Metropolitan French.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1676.49,1681.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can see it in Iowa with the 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meatpacking","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1686.7,1690.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the last 20 years led by Iowa Beef","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1690.73,1693.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where some towns like Ottumwa have just been 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strategies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1706.63,1710.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the new dynamic capitalists in that industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1710.36,1715.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, in the whole meat packing industry has been 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Prairie","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1721.33,1723.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and around Chicago to the great Plains.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1723.62,1725.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now that may not mean much to Californians","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1726.9,1728.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it means a lot if you live out here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1728.96,1730.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, just to sum up on those geographic 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world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1745.71,1750.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"especially as it's changing so dramatically","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1750.26,1752.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and see the different levels","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1752.81,1754.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the different patterns at different levels.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1756.11,1759.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a lot of work in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1761.9,1764.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's also I wanna emphasize the importance","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1765.26,1767.374"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of place shifts of new places or restructured places","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1767.374,1772.374"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a part of that process of opening up new industries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1773.5,1777.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"opening up new production processes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1777.59,1779.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"closing down all boards.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1779.95,1782.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that the pieces of the chess board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1782.22,1784.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the capitalist chess board","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1784.31,1785.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are constantly being moved around","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1785.78,1787.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this strategic effort","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1787.5,1789.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to keep profits up and accumulation going.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1789.47,1792.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Quite a different view I might add","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1796.88,1798.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then we got from John Kenneth Galbraith on Sunday night,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1798.27,1801.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of a kind of just gentle spreading out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1801.37,1803.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of production around the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1803.39,1805.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not how it works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1805.01,1806.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the old core areas don't always survive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1806.78,1810.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are plenty of examples at the regional level,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1810.05,1812.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of areas that were once industrialized","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1812.85,1814.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are no longer industrialized like North Wales,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1814.84,1819.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one of the leading areas of the first industrial revolution,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1819.3,1822.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very nice countryside now it's very picturesque","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1822.47,1825.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and an occasional smoke still standing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1825.49,1828.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, these geographic changes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1829.9,1831.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are very much wrapped up with changes in production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1831.76,1834.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I want to stick there's many other things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1837.27,1838.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I could say about economic change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1838.81,1840.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I do wanna stick to this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1840.61,1842.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quickly to this production base well not so quickly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1842.52,1844.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can see I'm not being so quick.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1844.88,1846.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't wanna leap to government policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1849.21,1851.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and politics immediately because I think we tend","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1851.48,1854.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be very glib about the underlying stuff fabric","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1854.63,1858.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of production and how important it is to our launch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1858.67,1861.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I find that problem with a lot of economists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1863.67,1867.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can we get ones you're not very geographic","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1867.17,1869.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the orientation,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1869.01,1869.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"including some we've heard from this week?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1869.88,1872.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Who's view tends to be operated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1872.66,1874.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at the level of well markets","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1874.88,1876.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and trade or macro economic policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1876.22,1879.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with very little understanding of the specifics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1879.29,1882.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the concrete specifics of how you make things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1882.31,1884.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and what kinds of things you make and where do you make them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1884.91,1888.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and who you use with what's technologies and what skills.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1888.43,1892.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Those things are critical to this redrawn map of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1892.07,1897.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just give a few examples.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1897.49,1900.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very broad brush of the kinds of changes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1900.53,1904.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one sees as the economy develops,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1904.46,1907.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as the economy responds to this long-term crisis.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1907.26,1910.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, simple strategy is riding off of capital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1911.61,1915.087"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you can write off capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1915.087,1916.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can get rid of old capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1916.84,1918.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can get your brain to profit up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1918.14,1919.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or if it's ready to profit, it's no good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1919.96,1921.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, in terms of the individual capitalists,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1921.54,1923.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if your rate of profit is insufficient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1923.73,1925.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you close the plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1925.35,1927.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You shut down the industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1927.13,1928.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You have layoffs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1928.36,1929.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You stop producing that good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1929.63,1931.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well that's happening of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1931.96,1932.937"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and we have massive 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Cleveland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1946.74,1949.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to half their former size,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1949.69,1951.243"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but even play formerly sort of viable 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sometimes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1976.23,1978.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"when you think you've got it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1978.66,1980.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you may 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up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1984.33,1985.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or to try to open up new fields is resource exploitation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1985.44,1989.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This one tends to get 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system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=1998.49,2000.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from which we've never been the departed since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2000.23,2003.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's been an old one going 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1400s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2006.26,2010.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it goes on today too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2010.61,2011.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We see vast new timber plantations opening 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contracts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2026.18,2029.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Tajikistan in the former Soviet Union","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2029.53,2032.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to extract their considerable oil revenues,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2032.21,2035.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and let me tell you one way or how has it gets his hands","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2035.69,2037.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the Russian Siberian forest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2037.87,2040.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it'll be another Amazon deforestation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2041.843,2044.583"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know, important for us don't have to be in the tropics.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2046.1,2049.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We wiped out the biggest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2050.37,2051.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think the third biggest 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ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2054.65,2057.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A third reaction and third kind of strategy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2057.63,2060.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be intensified labor exploitation.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2060.08,2061.984"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's a good old standard and it works.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2061.984,2065.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It works for a lot of sectors.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2065.38,2067.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It works for a lot of companies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2067.01,2068.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can go to Southeast Asia for your electronics assembly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2068.91,2071.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can go to Mexico for your garment work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2071.73,2074.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can go to Morocco for computer assembly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2076.12,2081.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you're a French computer company,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2081.15,2084.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and indeed you can get cheap labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2084.35,2086.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and often very good labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2086.45,2088.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so the rate of exploitation goes up,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2088.02,2090.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"your profits are improved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2090.19,2091.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can do it internally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2092.49,2094.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What I might call the East Los Angeles model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2094.13,2096.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Millions of people pouring into the United 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work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2101.2,2103.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at very low rates of pay and we've had humongous growth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2103.73,2108.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not accepted lack of academic 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industry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2112.77,2114.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"electronics assembly,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2114.1,2116.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"furniture in California say based on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2116.14,2119.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this massive influx of the new immigration.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2119.45,2123.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you don't have to go abroad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2123.89,2125.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in order to find cheap labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2125.83,2128.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, those are the strategies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2128.07,2129.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"those three strategies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2129.51,2130.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of de-industrialization and resource exploitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2130.61,2133.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and labor exploitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2133.19,2134.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the ones you hear the most about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2134.25,2136.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think from critics from the left like myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2136.98,2140.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's much more to it than 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labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2182.5,2185.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"sharing in labor teams,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2185.18,2188.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"showing work, continuous improvement or the Kaizen system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2188.04,2192.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"less pre-engineering,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2192.67,2194.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"rapid retooling to change your model lines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2194.17,2197.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a number of things that fit together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2197.69,2198.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a very tight package I might add.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2198.883,2201.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A very tight package when it's done right,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2201.5,2203.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that makes Japanese mass production more efficient,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2203.98,2207.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than the old Fordist mass production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2207.74,2209.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the forties assembly lines","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2209.3,2211.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the US invented in the early 20th century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2211.06,2214.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's also been some revolutionary developments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2215.44,2217.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in batch production that is smaller quantities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2217.75,2220.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a lot of confusion about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2220.95,2222.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me just say that flexible production you sometimes hear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2222.33,2225.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the term flexible specialization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2225.27,2227.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or flexible production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2227.25,2228.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's about batch production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2228.82,2231.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Mass production has become somewhat more flexible too,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2231.36,2233.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's not like flexible production","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2233.56,2235.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has passed up mass production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2235.57,2237.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some people say that, but that's confused.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2237.85,2240.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's that batch production has become more efficient.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2240.36,2243.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I noticed I've been looking over here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2243.59,2244.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pass my apologies to everyone over there,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2244.853,2246.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll try to do the second half","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2246.6,2248.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the talk to this side of the room.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2248.22,2250.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The batch production itself in areas like machining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2251.54,2254.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has become more efficient","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2254.47,2256.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and producing better quality products.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2257.7,2259.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's by the way, a whole series","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2259.99,2261.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of other things that are going 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And it's kept up rather than well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2364.28,2366.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the Japanese despite all predictions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2366.98,2369.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that decline in the 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now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2581.6,2583.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/920","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Benetton systems is much simpler.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2583.74,2585.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/921","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They get almost all that 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and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2589.66,2591.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/924","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to all those stores where they,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2591.13,2592.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/925","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you know have the green stripes selling this week","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2592.59,2594.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/926","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they'll little bit more green striped sweaters","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2594.73,2596.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/927","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or red stripes whatever.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2596.46,2598.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/928","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The same thing's happening in agriculture","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2598.17,2600.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/929","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with very sophisticated systems of directed by,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2600.17,2605.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/930","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"either by wholesalers or by retail stores,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2605.65,2608.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/931","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that go produce fresh fruits and vegetables now all over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2608.67,2611.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/932","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the globe for short term flight back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2611.74,2616.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/933","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the developed countries,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2616.68,2618.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/934","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for winter vegetable consumption","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2618.01,2619.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/935","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or I should add flowers in this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2619.94,2622.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/936","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you can add something like in West Kenya,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2622.18,2624.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/937","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they are growing flowers that are flown overnight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2624.8,2627.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/938","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to London for the London flower market.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2627.73,2630.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/939","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you can go buy a bouquet and a little cart","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2630.85,2633.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/940","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in London or in San Francisco or in Des Moines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2633.41,2636.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/941","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's coming in from Kenya or Columbia or Mexico,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2636.97,2640.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/942","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or or Southern California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2640.49,2643.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/943","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oklahoma, some other places.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2643.0,2645.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/944","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And those systems are incredibly well integrated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2645.31,2648.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/945","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for very rapid response,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2648.14,2650.293"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/946","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very quick turnaround.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2651.18,2652.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/947","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And also the contracts specify very 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conditions,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2658.74,2660.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/950","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with what pesticides,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2660.65,2661.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/951","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or what fertilizes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2661.61,2662.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/952","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what seed, and they manage to administer that whole system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2662.59,2665.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/953","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the farmer becomes someone and just contracts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2665.89,2668.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/954","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and takes orders from this distance management.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2668.68,2671.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/955","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It gives a whole new twist","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2671.32,2672.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/956","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the problem of management we tended","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2672.45,2676.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/957","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to think of in terms of the factory floor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2676.01,2678.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/958","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in complex contracting systems,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2678.75,2681.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/959","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a great move.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2681.04,2682.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/960","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not quite the market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2682.48,2683.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/961","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's not quite factory,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2683.84,2685.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/962","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a whole new world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2685.43,2686.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/963","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it makes one very important to geography.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2687.47,2691.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/964","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, again, more of those but I'm running late.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2696.32,2698.753"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/965","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, what I try to say here is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2701.7,2704.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/966","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's whole new fronts along which capitalism is advancing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2704.39,2709.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/967","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at its productive base organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2709.34,2712.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/968","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and include in production organization as well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2712.26,2716.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/969","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's having specific geographic implications,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2716.32,2720.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/970","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that produce that kind of new mapping of the world economy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2720.17,2723.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/971","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it combines a wide front of strategies,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2724.51,2727.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/972","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't want to just say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2727.8,2728.707"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/973","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Hey, it's cheap labor,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2728.707,2729.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/974","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's cost cutting that drives the system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2729.83,2732.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/975","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we exaggerate that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2732.58,2734.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/976","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in United States because our companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2734.69,2737.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/977","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have often been very laggard and I'll get to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2737.79,2740.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/978","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, the cost cutting the cheap strategy has dominated.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2740.63,2745.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/979","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's no doubt that capitalism walks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2745.11,2746.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/980","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on two legs or continues to walk on that one leg","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2746.77,2750.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/981","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of exploitation of labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2750.93,2752.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/982","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"exploitation of nature,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2752.26,2753.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/983","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the other leg of advance of progress of new ideas.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2753.9,2757.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/984","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's what makes the system such a puzzle.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=2757.9,2760.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/985","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But as a watch, it actually 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27305/annotation/986","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/305/original/AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_a.vtt?1622143545","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/305/original/AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_a.vtt?1622143545"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27306","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590/transcript/27306/annotation/987","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Welcome. My name is Gary Tartikoff, and I'm the faculty chair of the Institute of World Affairs, and before we begin I wanted to remind you all, that Institute of World Affairs is a small committee open to whoever wants to join it. Anyone in this room is eligible. We have faculty staff, people from neighboring institutions, people who live in the area, who are interested in what goes on at ISU and come and take part in the Institute. Particularly, we have students. Graduate students, undergraduate students, former students. And we'll start two weeks from yesterday at four o'clock in the Pine Room talking over what's going on this week, and then we will start looking for a topic for next year. We just try to find the most important possible topic in the world and focus on that. But if there's a topic that you think ought to be discussed here, we got to have a week of lectures on. If there's somebody who you think is really interesting and you'd like to meet them and hear them, and you'd like to have your colleagues and friends and associates here hear them, come to this meeting, get involved and find a way to work them into the week. The first time I ever went and sat in the meeting, somebody had to be something. I came back the next week and they took my topic. It hooked me that's why I'm here. Come say, if you're interested at all in this, you can be a real big part of it, and we hope you'll come to our meetings. If you forget what I said it will be called the lecture office, come by and see us or talk to me after the meeting here, but if you're interested please by and take part, you can assemble this week for next year. And we'd like to have you take part. Thank you, Laura. And right after this lecture, go vote.\r\n\r\n- Before I introduced this afternoon speaker, I would like to remind you that tomorrow at noon, in the Pioneer Room that Mitsuya Gottel will be speaking on U.S-Japanese relations, and then at eight o'clock in the Sun Room, Jayne Cortez will be giving a lecture on economy, ecology and poetry. Richard Walker received his bachelor's degree in economics from Stanford university and his PhD in geography and environmental engineering from Johns Hopkins university. He has written two books, \"The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology and Economic Growth,\" as well as, \"The New Social Economy:Reworking the Division of Labor.\" Dr. Walker is currently a professor of geography at the University of California at Berkeley, and is also the editor of the Journal Antipodes. It is my pleasure to introduce to you Dr. Richard Walker.\r\n\r\n- Thank you, Laura. Thank you all for having me here, my roots in Iowa go back a long way, I have great grandparents who born and raised in Iowa, before we drifted West into that other world of California. I wanna talk today about the new geography of the world economy, and then I have a lot to say, so I'll talk fast. You'll have to bear with me. I wanna make a case that the changing geography of the world is deeply tied in with the changing economy of the world, and that in turn with the politics of the world. And in that argument, I want to make clear to you, that the map of the world has changed very dramatically over the last couple of decades, particularly felt strongly in the eighties, and that the United States is not fared well and that redrawing the map. So I guess given that the presidential election is upon us, and that during this election the issue of the American economy is finally resurfaced after years of being neglected, it's about time that we face up to some of these new geographic reality. Some things that some of us in geography and economic geography have been talking about for some time, but I think are just our news still for too many people. And I assure you that the country that does not know its geography well, and this new global geography is in a lot of trouble. So part of what we have to do is simply come to grips with the changes in the world. Secondly, we need to understand what's behind them and particularly the changes in production systems, ways of making things and doing things in the economy that are so fundamental to the redrawing of the map. And then behind that, I think we have to understand a bit of the politics that shapes and drives those economic and geographical changes. Well, first let me lay out just briefly where we stand historically. and Mandel is going to be here later in the week, so he can do a better job than I on the nature of the last 50 years, and what is often called the long way. There's no question that this period has a coherence that we stand at the end of a long epic, and possibly at the beginning of a new one. We stand at a period that's experiencing dramatic restructuring of world capitalism. The redrawing of the world map is not just a political question of the new countries that are appearing in the former Soviet Union. It's something that's been going on within the Capitalism system for quite some time. Quite apart from the new frontiers of capitalism in the old communist countries. And I think the overwhelming impression I wanna give you, is that United States and the Capitalist world is really staggering into the nineties. Certainly after World War II, things looked very rosy for the US. It looked very rosy for most of the advanced countries as they got back on their feet after the devastation of World War II, there were very high growth rates from 1945 to about 1970. On the average of perhaps 3.6% is the figure I have for 1950 to 1973 that growth rate in the advanced countries have slowed down to 2% between 1973 and 1989. It'd be worse if you took the figures to 1992. That is on the whole, the first two and a half decades, three decades after the war where a period of pretty robust growth, of course uneven amongst different countries, but pretty robust growth. And where the United States, of course standing stride that as a kind of world colossus. Since 1970, we've had a series of very deep recessions, very serious downturns and much more sluggish growth approaching in some cases to a kind of feeling of stagnation. The big recession of course has 73, 75, 80, 82 and now 89 to 92 and perhaps into 93, right? We're going. Now, there's a number of views of where this long downswing comes from. And I won't belabor these, but I will mention them. There's the Keynesian view where it should I think someone like John Kenneth Galbraith who spoke the other night might embrace, that simply there's a sense of stagnation and investment that capitalists have not been investing in the right ways and the right thing. And there's good reasons to think that there's truth to that. There's lot of truth to that, because of diversion of investment into speculative activities in the eighties. A second version is Joseph Schumpeter, who argued that periods of economic growth are driven by rapid technical change and by bursts of technological innovation. And this feeling was the technology, there was a huge wave of new technologies came in and around World War II, the spreading of the old Fordist mass production technologies out of the United States into Europe and into Japan in a way that it hadn't spread before. And then that drove the long period of growth. And that ran out of steam in the last two decades. The problem with that theory, is that is that there's been an enormous technological change in the last two decades. Enormous new frontiers and productivity which I'll come back to, which the law is some view of technology having run out. Technology having drifted off. Of course the key question is always ready to technological change. There's another view, a third view, that's a kind of institutional view that's been very popular lately on the left, goes under the name of the regulation theory or the social structures of accumulation associated with members of the earthy school or the radical political economy association. And that is that there was an accord between capital and labor after World War II, and other kinds of balances, institutional fabrics built in social relations that help to balance the system, against its worst excesses. Which capitalism does have. And at that balance has come apart that there's been a break up of that capital labor accord driving down wages, disintegration of unions, certainly true. The problem with that there, is it's more an effect than a cause. And the basic cause of the long wave I would argue it goes back to the old theory of Karl Marx or the falling rate of profit. And surprisingly in this age, when Marxism is now dead by all declarations, there's some excellent work. Actually the best work that's ever been done in economics showing that indeed the rate of profit has been falling throughout the Capitalist world, since at least the late 1960s. And in some version since World War II. And that's really undeniable kind of fact of economic life. And it's one that I want to note because it helps explain some of the desperate politics of our age and the reactions that the capitalists have taken here and elsewhere in response to the sort of dire straits of this decline, this slow gradual decline in the rate of profit, which itself is due overwhelmingly to over investment too much capital having been created in a variety of ways. I'll come back to that. So, as the world economy started to decline the last two decades, we've got a curious phenomenon in the 1980s. What I call a thrust boom. In which a number of policies were implemented tax cuts. Deregulation. Under the Reagan umbrella, which stimulated short term activity that was highly speculative, highly skewed towards luxury consumption. And in the end had almost no effect on the underlying decline in the rate of profit. And at the end of that cost boom, it seems very hollow. And in the 90s we were sort of looking here in this recession, the wreckage of that period, sort of toxic waste the false economy of the 1980s that is collapsed savings and loans, closed banks like The Bank of New England, Tight credit, You can lower interest rates as far as you want these days and it doesn't stimulate any new economic activity, because the financiers are so afraid of making new loans, and this is an obvious what they should be making loans for. Consumers that are overstretched, the governments are overstretched and deficits growing. And we have a general sense of financial calamity all around us. Which makes this recession look curiously stagnant. And of course, coming from California, we're the last ones to get the recession. California has been sort of the bright light of the American economy for the last 20 years far and away the fastest growth, the most manufacturing development high-tech aerospace, and it's all coming apart at the seems right now. And I might add is ungovernable, thanks to all our wonderful innovations from proposition 13 to term limitations and our, you know our contributions to the American political scene from Star Wars to Silicon Valley fever. Well, we in California have a lot to answer for. So I'm here to try and make some amends. Let me talk about the new geography now that emergence at the end of this period. There are about five major tendencies I'd like to emphasize. The first is globalization. Well, we hear a lot about globalization, and we know it means several things. It means an internationalization of trade, it means a growing internationalization of production. It means growing internationalization of finance and finally, as an effect of all those, growing internationalization of competition. Well, that has happened, that has grown, although it is curious that, you know, globalization kind of hits home. When it hits home in the United States, that's when we become acutely aware of it. The indigenous people in the Americas who are well aware of globalization about 500 years ago, but this new sort of level of globalization is pinching the shoe of the American economy rather tightly. And the American economy has not done particularly well in this growth With our foreign direct investment, our corporations leading the way of internationalization, after World War II and that first 20, 30 year period. And since then, retreating relatively to the direct investment, financial investment, corporate extension of other economies, particularly the Japanese and the German. And I could bore you with the figures but I think I will in the interesting of time. Actually, we hear a lot about the internationalization production is produced. This created a system of a new industrial division of labor of parts of production systems, pieces of multi-nationals all over the globe now, integrated by very complex trade flows where you heard a little about that last night from professor Jones, trade flows and intermediate goods. That next world trade world production is quite different than it did even 20 years ago. So that's a dramatic change, although the production part of internationalization has been swamped in the 1980s by the financial international section. We now see $1 trillion per day trading in currency markets which is vastly more than the amount of trade per year. Thinks about 15 times the quantity of trade per year is in the currency transactions per day. But I will retreat from saying there's globalization. To say we can't, there's a lot of global battle these days about globalization that's capital mobility, that's the only thing we need to know about. And that's not true. And the argument I also wanna make here very strongly as a geographer, is the specificity of the geographic changes of the economic changes. And that's what I will emphasize from here on out. One of the specificities is the global shift in the center of world production and accumulation from United States to Japan. The Japan will pass the United States in industrial output about five years, it'll pass us in GNP in about 10 years. I don't know if that's news, but it's clear that the 21st century will be the Japanese century, more than well this one was the American century or the American half century, I guess about all we got. The Japanese are investing twice as fast as US in terms of the percentage of GMP. They've gained in sector after sector, steel, cars, machinery, consumer electronics, certain forms of computers and semiconductors. Not every sector finding means, but all host of sectors that were once thought to be, you know the American domain. They've done it through a variety of strategies, which I can't enumerate here, which make up a quite substantial national package of production systems of industrial planning, of financial controls and so forth. And we suffer from great many delusions about this delusions like I saw some figures in the papers other day, that said, \"Well US productivity is really higher than the Japanese today still.\" Well, a lot it does. That reason for that is because the Japanese protect their agriculture, and they still protect a lot of small business that has very low labor productivity. But in the key sectors, the key industrial sectors their productivity is surged ahead of ours in one place after another. Quality of products better, innovation rates faster, and their response even to things like the recession has been much more nimble than ours. The Japanese have just introduced a rather huge injection of public investment into the economy to try to stimulate it after the Stock Market collapsed there last year. Something that the US may get around to. Meanwhile of course US has been declining, and we've gone from 40% of the world, industrial output at the end of World War II to about 20%, maybe 18 I think it is now. We've gone from the world's largest creditor, the world's largest debtor, we borrowed $1 trillion on world capital markets in the 1980s, our trade deficit in the 1980s ran about $1 trillion. That's a lot of money. And we've lost domestic market share in 28 industrial sectors. Essentially almost all industrial sectors. In fact, it would be worse if it weren't for globalization. The spread of Japanese investment into the United States has actually popped up great deal of our industry. There's been a substantial replacement of major heavy industry sectors in the core of the United States in the Midwest, by Japanese companies not just automobiles, but in rubber products, in steel, and in auto parts and probably other sectors as well that haven't been studied but that's just one study I know of. Almost the entire capacity that was closed in the 1980s in the core of the American economy was reopened as Japanese plants. There's also been along with the shift from United States to Japan, a global shift from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The center of rural capitalism keeps moving West, the world center of trade is now the Pacific, the world center of production is now around the Pacific basin. And includes not just Japan, but of course these new centers of cumulation the four titers and the very dramatic spread of production into Southeast Asia. very dynamic economic zone. I should have, in addition to this shift, there has been a kind of re consolidation of the advanced economies into the global center and pulling back from most of the global peripheries that had been developing in the 1950s and 60s. And the opening up of a few news select peripheral areas. About 80% of that globalization of trade and investment and so on and production is amongst the advanced countries. So, very little of it actually goes out to third world. Much of the third world has been written off as a result of hasty lending, excessive and foolish lending by the American banks and world banks In the 1970s became a cropper in the 1980s. As a result, the per capita gross domestic product of the third world is falling from 1960 to 1990 as a percent of developed countries from 9% to about 6%. But we do have a selective in moving out tones of the advanced Capitalism system, moving into places like Hong Kong into Malaysia, into parts of Indonesia into the Dominican Republic while other parts have pulled back. And of course we have the three great new frontiers of the 1990s and beyond I suppose, that is opening up the the former Soviet Union for resource exploitation and skilled labor, the opening of China and its sort of market stolen ism that it now has which has actually become an important capitalist competitor, and capitalism frontier. There a friend of mine Eric Wright does studies of the class structure around the world. He was quite shocked to discover in the mid-80s that there were more capitalists in China than in any other country in the world. And of course there was India which is now opening itself increasingly to the world not a place we think about too much in terms of the global economy but potentially extraordinarily important. There is a long with this globalization, and the shifting center and there's selective re reorientation of the global core, there is a global partition going on. Most dramatically, the European community and its consolidation of its collective borders, around that core Franco-German alliance which is itself a kind of internationalization at a regional level and particularly an internationalization of successful firms by the capitalist, not so much by labor. It's an internationalization take advantage of European markets, as larger as the company has gotten more productive of... It take advantage of Southern European labor for certain parts of the production process. It's also produced by the continuing decline of the UK, and its retreat into Europe as a way of protecting itself in a world that can no longer compete in very well. Then we have the North American Free Trade Alliance which you've heard about yesterday, so I will not belabor that, but it's essentially a kind of imitation of Europe, it's an American response and a Mexican response coming together, thinking that, \"Aha, the Europeans have the answer.\" If we could just create that kind of a block, we can beat the Europeans at their own game, We can contain this kind of rampage global competition, protect ourselves to a certain degree, and give ourselves an internal advantage within this larger region. Now, my general caught on NAFTA is that, it is a reaction by the capitalists of United States and Mexico who can't think of something better to do. That is, it is not the most creative possible response, and as many ways, a lame response to their own inability to advance their forces of production and develop their economies competitively on this global Playing field. The third trading block, of course is East Asia. Where Japanese have extended their production apparatus all throughout South East Asia. And now there won't be a formal trading block there. I don't think because the legacy of Japanese imperialism of the early 20th century is still seared on people's minds. And there wasn't anybody gonna sort of get in bed with Japan. I criticized the United States a lot of because one could do the same for Japan or France or any number of other advanced countries that have a lot to answer for them. But anyway, the Japanese and also Chinese capital overseas Chinese capital going back into China as well as developing in its own centers, as well as now investing in North America forms another huge developing area of East Asia that is a challenge to North America and Europe. Now those kinds of changes, those very large changes are ones I think you're rather familiar with. You've heard a lot about. But I also want to stress that there's a great many more fine grain changes going on at the regional levels, sub national levels that I absolutely central to this process of economic restructuring, economic change before us. And we see not just national shifts, but we see shifts within countries. Talking about NAFTA yesterday, Northern Mexico is clearly the key area in the development of the New Mexico, the new free trade Mexico. within the United States, California and the Dallas area of North Texas have been really central to the shifts into new areas of production. Within Britain, you see that Southeast England is where the action is. In the North Northern tier of England and Scotland have been written off essentially as old industrial areas. We see even very subtle shifts, but very dramatic shifts in something like Midwest and auto production from the North Midwest, the center of gravity is shifting South, because that's where the tier of Japanese plants and their suppliers, and their new steel mills and so on are tending to locate. So there's a very dramatic sub-regional shift which of course has huge impact on who gets the jobs on the unions, on degrees of unionization, on the politics, local politics and response to industry and so on. Not to mention just on economic growth rates, state by state, there are changes at the metropolitan level. Something like the opening of Silicon Valley out in my area. San Francisco Bay Area. That just added this whole new urban cluster onto the edge of an existing metropolitan area. The same thing happened in Orange County outside Los Angeles. Opened up by the new electronics industry. So a new industrial space there on a Metropolitan French. You can see it in Iowa with the reshuffling of small towns around such things as the dramatic transformation of meatpacking in the last 20 years led by Iowa Beef where some towns like Ottumwa have just been crushed. Their production has been snuffed out for reasons having to do with new product lines, new mech companies, vicious sort of anti-union strategies by the new dynamic capitalists in that industry. So, in the whole meat packing industry has been shifted over from its center, which used to be in the Prairie and around Chicago to the great Plains. And now that may not mean much to Californians but it means a lot if you live out here. So, just to sum up on those geographic changes, is that a lot of emphasize the continuing unevenness, of this capitalist development process at any number of levels. And it's very complex to peel back the map of the world, especially as it's changing so dramatically and see the different levels of the different patterns at different levels. So there's a lot of work in that area. And it's also I wanna emphasize the importance of place shifts of new places or restructured places as a part of that process of opening up new industries, opening up new production processes, closing down all boards. So that the pieces of the chess board at the capitalist chess board are constantly being moved around in this strategic effort to keep profits up and accumulation going. Quite a different view I might add then we got from John Kenneth Galbraith on Sunday night, of a kind of just gentle spreading out of production around the world. That's not how it works. And the old core areas don't always survive. And there are plenty of examples at the regional level, of areas that were once industrialized that are no longer industrialized like North Wales, one of the leading areas of the first industrial revolution, very nice countryside now it's very picturesque and an occasional smoke still standing. Now, these geographic changes are very much wrapped up with changes in production. And I want to stick there's many other things I could say about economic change, but I do wanna stick to this, quickly to this production base well not so quickly. I can see I'm not being so quick. And I don't wanna leap to government policy and politics immediately because I think we tend to be very glib about the underlying stuff fabric of production and how important it is to our launch. And I find that problem with a lot of economists, can we get ones you're not very geographic in the orientation, including some we've heard from this week? Who's view tends to be operated at the level of well markets and trade or macro economic policy with very little understanding of the specifics the concrete specifics of how you make things and what kinds of things you make and where do you make them and who you use with what's technologies and what skills. Those things are critical to this redrawn map of the world. Let me just give a few examples. Very broad brush of the kinds of changes, one sees as the economy develops, as the economy responds to this long-term crisis. One, simple strategy is riding off of capital. If you can write off capital, if you can get rid of old capital, you can get your brain to profit up. Or if it's ready to profit, it's no good. I mean, in terms of the individual capitalists, if your rate of profit is insufficient, you close the plant. You shut down the industry. You have layoffs. You stop producing that good. Well that's happening of course, and we have massive deindustrialization throughout the 80s. In places like Northern England, in Pittsburgh or Buffalo which has simply been written off industrial map for the time being, the shrinkage of places like Cleveland to half their former size, but even play formerly sort of viable edifices of American capitalism, like IBM are suffering layoffs and cutbacks when electronics and the Route 128 around Boston is bankrupt and in fact the Route 128 area is shrinking right now despite its earlier phenomenal growth as an electronic center which goes to show you how hard it is to maintain growth sometimes when you think you've got it, you may not. The second thing you can do to try and get the rate of profit up, or to try to open up new fields is resource exploitation. This one tends to get overlooked. It's kind of old-fashioned, certainly how we got going out in California. The California Gold Rush is what brought us into the advanced Capitalism system from which we've never been the departed since. And it's been an old one going back to the time of the in the gold mines of central Europe in the 1400s. But it goes on today too. We see vast new timber plantations opening up in places like Portugal or Chile. We see huge new gold mines in Papua New Guinea. We see Chevron oil trying to overcome some of its profit problems by signing contracts with Tajikistan in the former Soviet Union to extract their considerable oil revenues, and let me tell you one way or how has it gets his hands on the Russian Siberian forest, it'll be another Amazon deforestation. You know, important for us don't have to be in the tropics. We wiped out the biggest. I think the third biggest forest in the world of course is North America which we cleared off a couple of hundred years ago. A third reaction and third kind of strategy would be intensified labor exploitation. That's a good old standard and it works. It works for a lot of sectors. It works for a lot of companies. You can go to Southeast Asia for your electronics assembly, you can go to Mexico for your garment work, you can go to Morocco for computer assembly, if you're a French computer company, and indeed you can get cheap labor and often very good labor, and so the rate of exploitation goes up, your profits are improved. You can do it internally. What I might call the East Los Angeles model. Millions of people pouring into the United States, many of peasant, poor extraction were willing to work at very low rates of pay and we've had humongous growth. That's not accepted lack of academic work. We've had enormous growth. The garment industry, electronics assembly, furniture in California say based on this massive influx of the new immigration. So you don't have to go abroad in order to find cheap labor. Now, those are the strategies, those three strategies of de-industrialization and resource exploitation and labor exploitation are the ones you hear the most about. I think from critics from the left like myself. But there's much more to it than that because there's a progressive side to capitalism. The constant revolutionizing production. And again, very broad brush. We have a number of strategies on this side. The new models of... There are some basic new models of factory level production. The Japanese growth over the last several decades, phenomenal growth has been based overwhelmingly on very the development of extremely effective labor systems in mass production based around a number of things of low inventories, reducing the porosity of labor, sharing in labor teams, showing work, continuous improvement or the Kaizen system, less pre-engineering, rapid retooling to change your model lines, a number of things that fit together in a very tight package I might add. A very tight package when it's done right, that makes Japanese mass production more efficient, than the old Fordist mass production, the forties assembly lines that the US invented in the early 20th century. There's also been some revolutionary developments in batch production that is smaller quantities. There's a lot of confusion about this. Let me just say that flexible production you sometimes hear about the term flexible specialization or flexible production. That's about batch production. Mass production has become somewhat more flexible too, but it's not like flexible production has passed up mass production. Some people say that, but that's confused. It's that batch production has become more efficient. I noticed I've been looking over here. Pass my apologies to everyone over there, I'll try to do the second half of the talk to this side of the room. The batch production itself in areas like machining, has become more efficient and producing better quality products. There's by the way, a whole series of other things that are going on. I can't go into in terms of better machinery, better quality control in a number of sectors from steel to ships to medical instruments. But those are the main ones. And you know those have produced very dramatic shifts internationally, and at the regional level. There's been quite a development within Italy. There was a very dramatic shift from Northern Italy as the center of industrialization to the central Italy where these new batch production methods have been developed very effectively. There's the opening up of new technological realms I'll call it. Which is what I'm saying sort of new product areas based on who we knew kind of technical capacities, scientific capacities. The obvious one is electronics. There's something we couldn't do before, in micro electronics. Possible new ones, ones that are just opening up for biotechnology, micro machinery, some lesser ones that you maybe haven't heard of or are plastic metal laminates in the materials sector. So there's some very dramatic or technological changes going on as well, that opened up new fields of activity. And this again is tied to geographic shifts, the rise of Silicon Valley is fundamentally based on this new technology. We hear a lot about Silicon Valley being produced by the new entrepreneur ism and the small firms and the market and high competition. There's something to that. It's a very open organizational system and that has something to do with its dynamism. Okay? And it's kept up rather than well with the Japanese despite all predictions that decline in the face of the ability to Japanese to match produce semiconductors. Silicon Valley keeps going on to new things. New kinds of computers, new kinds of disc drives, new software. It's been quite amazing and resilient. On the other hand, I think we can't forget that what these guys are doing, is essentially exploiting our fundamental technology. So exploitation is a term we don't wanna lose sight of here. It isn't just their personal brilliance, they're riding a very good horse. There are new divisions of labor. The economy keeps opening up whole new fields of activity not just product areas, but areas within manufacturing, within the older, you know economies we've known it. Like here huge new developments in research and development that have grown up over the last several decades, a huge growth of business services and are compliments to management, terrific growth of finance or other kinds of circulation activities in the financial sphere or in the real products which are themselves associated with things like new clusters of warehouses, new retail spaces like the West Edmonton Mall that actually alter regional geographies quite dramatically, or new financial activities like trading in futures that has allowed Chicago's Financial Center to keep growing to add a new layer of growth and competition with New York. Handsome And finally and very important and maybe I think much neglected is the idea of new forms organization that perhaps the most fundamental change of our time is not new machinery, that is say computer driven machinery, or simply lean well, our effective use of labor say teamwork, Japanese participatory systems of labor application, but it's actually the way you weave together, complex social labor we're systems. And I've written a rather long tedious book on this, but I think that there's something to add that as the economy has grown over the years we now produce something like 6 million different commodities, every commodity system is divided into piece, after piece, after piece and in order to produce anything effectively, in order to to conceive of it, to research it, to design it, to market it, to manage it, you have to administer, put together and administer very complex production systems. And that is a realm in which very strong advances are being made. And some of the sort of obvious ones would be something like the retail systems run by the Gap or by Benetton where they use a pull through system from the point of retail all the way back to production. Or the Nike system of managing a very complex array of tennis shoes doesn't sound like much but Nike has the most amazing system of globalized production, in which it allocates different bits to different places and manages them, puts in different kinds of machinery, different design processes, and different labor systems, at different rates of pay and so on. According to the particular kind of tennis shoe and what kind of marketing has, it's an amazing system which has a very specific geography, much too complex to go into now, the Benetton systems is much simpler. They get almost all that stuff out of an area called the Veneto around Venice in Italy, and pump it all over the world and to all those stores where they, you know have the green stripes selling this week they'll little bit more green striped sweaters or red stripes whatever. The same thing's happening in agriculture with very sophisticated systems of directed by, either by wholesalers or by retail stores, that go produce fresh fruits and vegetables now all over the globe for short term flight back to the developed countries, for winter vegetable consumption or I should add flowers in this. So you can add something like in West Kenya, they are growing flowers that are flown overnight to London for the London flower market. So you can go buy a bouquet and a little cart in London or in San Francisco or in Des Moines, it's coming in from Kenya or Columbia or Mexico, or or Southern California, Oklahoma, some other places. And those systems are incredibly well integrated for very rapid response, very quick turnaround. And also the contracts specify very carefully how you produced your fruit, your vegetable under what conditions, with what pesticides, or what fertilizes, what seed, and they manage to administer that whole system, and the farmer becomes someone and just contracts and takes orders from this distance management. It gives a whole new twist to the problem of management we tended to think of in terms of the factory floor but in complex contracting systems, it's a great move. It's not quite the market, and it's not quite factory, it's a whole new world. And it makes one very important to geography. Well, again, more of those but I'm running late. So, what I try to say here is that there's whole new fronts along which capitalism is advancing at its productive base organization and include in production organization as well. And that's having specific geographic implications, that produce that kind of new mapping of the world economy, that it combines a wide front of strategies, I don't want to just say, \"Hey, it's cheap labor,\" it's cost cutting that drives the system. I think we exaggerate that, in United States because our companies have often been very laggard and I'll get to that. So, the cost cutting the cheap strategy has dominated. But there's no doubt that capitalism walks on two legs or continues to walk on that one leg of exploitation of labor, exploitation of nature, and the other leg of advance of progress of new ideas. And that's what makes the system such a puzzle. But as a watch, it actually walks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115590#t=0.0,2769.288"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_b.mp3"]},"duration":2317.296,"width":640,"height":40,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/115/591/small/lecture.png?1622143549","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-iastate.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/115/591/original/AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_b.mp3?1622143549","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2317.296,"width":640,"height":40},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_b.vtt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Decline of the Frost Belt and rise of the Sun Belt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=5.17,7.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or the shift towards Japan, so forth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=7.77,10.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, how is the United States responding to this situation?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=11.86,16.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I don't think very well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=16.4,18.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think we're looking at the decline and fall","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=18.22,20.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the American age of a great power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=20.62,23.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that decline and fall,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=23.32,24.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if it's anything like Britain's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=24.95,26.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will not be, come great crashing down like Rome","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=26.97,29.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the barbarians at the gate or something in that order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=29.85,32.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although, of course is arguable in this world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=32.91,34.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who's the barbarians sometimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=34.86,36.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But my argument is the United States is declining,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=38.69,42.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has declined because of its inability","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=42.76,44.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to respond creatively enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=44.87,47.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and rapidly enough to the challenges of this era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=47.28,49.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the primary failure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=50.643,52.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the primary failure is not government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=52.53,55.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not budget deficits, not labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=55.44,57.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the failure of business, the Internet, and to adapt,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=57.93,62.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and to figure out these new systems","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=62.71,64.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and advance these new systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=64.92,66.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And a secondary failure is that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=68.62,70.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the face of our own inability to change,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=70.3,73.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we have seized upon short term political panaceas nostrums,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=73.05,77.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like deregulation that have done nothing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=79.99,82.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if anything have made matters worse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=82.85,85.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what we have is essentially,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=85.17,87.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the 80s were a lost opportunity","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=87.23,88.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to respond to a changing world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=88.98,91.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has caused United States generation, at least.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=91.03,94.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, what kind of responses","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=98.72,99.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has the United States have dominated in the US?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=99.85,102.203"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna be intentionally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=103.07,104.513"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of churlish about this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=105.73,108.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First one is denial, nothing wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=108.29,110.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was certainly the car maker's response","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=110.77,112.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the the import of Japanese cars in the 1970s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=112.64,115.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The oil company response to the growth of OPEX power,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=116.71,119.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the steel company's response to their own obsolescence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=119.93,123.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They just kept building bigger and bigger furnaces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=123.2,126.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"based on 1910 technology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=126.38,129.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the result was, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=129.15,130.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have a lot of very big furnaces","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=130.51,132.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are now having to be dismantled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=132.15,134.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The second response is blame.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=134.67,136.837"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Is not my fault.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=136.837,138.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not management's fault, it's you workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=138.42,140.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or it's the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=140.87,142.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or its environmental regulations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=142.29,143.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The steel industry cried","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=143.92,145.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and wept all through the 1970s over the Clean Air Act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=145.39,148.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"God, you guys are closing us down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=148.73,150.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because of these pollution regulations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=150.7,153.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, in fact they got","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=153.37,154.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all the pollution regulations set aside","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=154.59,156.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"just in time to be closed down by the Koreans, the Germans,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=156.44,159.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Brazilians and the Japanese.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=159.4,161.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if what has happens by the market, it's okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=161.49,164.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If it's environmental laws,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=164.11,166.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in socially conscious attempt to do something more sensible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=166.27,170.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and not poison yourself, that's bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=170.66,172.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or as one worker, I plucked this quote out of the newspaper,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=174.6,177.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"workers at Xerox but it recently.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=177.96,179.697"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"Until four years ago, they didn't care","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=179.697,181.597"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"how you put the machines together","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=181.597,182.867"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"as long as you did it in time.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=182.867,185.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Four years ago, that's slow response time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=185.21,188.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But at least Xerox responded","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=188.38,190.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they're doing very well right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=190.13,191.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's one bright spot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=191.81,193.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or they responded, they knew there was a problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=195.35,198.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they got it all wrong.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=198.19,199.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We call this clueless in Detroit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=199.87,201.833"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"General Motors thought","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=203.38,204.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Japanese did it with robots.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=204.38,206.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We had this kind of thing about robotics","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=206.39,208.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that sort of robotics boom in the early 80s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=208.56,213.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"late 70s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=214.43,216.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And GM was really shocked when they set up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=216.2,218.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the first joint GM Toyota plant out in California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=218.29,221.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the NUMMI plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=221.41,222.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"New United Motors Manufacturing Incorporated, NUMMI.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=222.58,227.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They discovered that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=228.07,228.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Japanese did it with less automation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=228.903,231.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than they had in some of their planTs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=231.33,233.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and got higher productivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=233.22,234.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That blew their minds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=236.03,237.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I don't think they've gotten back yet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=238.21,240.757"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience laughs)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=240.757,242.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Not at GM.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=242.05,243.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another strategy is to abandon ship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=243.99,246.213"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Exports at capital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=247.15,248.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"US companies have been exporting capital since the 50s.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=248.67,251.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 50s they did it because they had the best technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=251.92,254.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the best products in many cases.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=254.7,256.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But since then, they've been exporting because","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=256.79,258.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't have the best products and the best technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=258.88,261.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it's a way of cutting costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=261.01,262.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's also cost cutting frenzies at home,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=264.45,267.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"cut out reams of management,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=267.06,268.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of it of course good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=268.64,270.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Can't lay off workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=270.42,272.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"trying to squeeze down on old unnecessary costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=272.27,275.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's effective up to a point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=276.825,278.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it's not a very dynamic strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=278.21,280.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Simple cost cutting is not enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=280.62,282.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've got to put the pieces together in new way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=282.69,285.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The worst of course, is when you say abandon ship by saying","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=287.78,291.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"enough of manufacturing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=291.16,292.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not gonna invest in manufacturing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=292.72,294.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it looks lousy profit rates.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=294.25,295.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't know how to make it any better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=295.89,297.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I think I'll take my portfolio and invest in real estate","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=297.49,300.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or oil futures, and that's what we've done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=301.53,304.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the last 10 years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=304.79,307.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about 15% of the borrowing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=307.63,312.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of borrowing for investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=312.59,315.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so the indebtedness of industrial corporations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=315.55,318.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"15% of that has gone to real plant and equipment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=318.07,320.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"85% of it has gone to mergers, buyouts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=320.74,323.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and other assorted speculative activities.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=323.33,325.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You get the same response with regard to government,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=330.01,332.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is just quite costs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=332.98,335.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just slash your education system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=336.42,337.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's what we do in California.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=337.88,338.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We've fallen from I think fifth in the country to 38","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=338.99,342.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in per capita school spending,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=342.34,344.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a really brilliant response to the new high tech world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=344.78,348.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of which we should be the most familiar.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=348.04,350.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Plundering the assets, that's a good strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=353.02,355.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you don't know how to make anything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=355.78,357.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"take the old things and milk them for all their worth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=357.24,360.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So you get companies buying companies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=360.2,362.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and knocking the profits out of them and closing down,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=362.05,364.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you get things like we had in California","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=364.56,366.337"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Maxxam Corporation of financial ghost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=366.337,370.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that bought up Pacific Lumber,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=370.39,371.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the last company in the West Coast","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=371.8,374.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that actually did manage timber company cutting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=374.44,377.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they've done it for 50 years profitably.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=377.22,379.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You don't have to clear cut,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=379.72,380.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can actually make a profit without clear cutting.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=380.81,383.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So they were bought by a financial firm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=383.04,385.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on a junk bond buyout,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=386.3,389.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and immediately started clear cutting","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=389.87,391.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to pay off the junk bonds.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=391.24,392.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, cut your redwoods, pay off your debts,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=394.21,397.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's one way to do it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=397.38,399.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Southern Pacific Railroad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=399.32,400.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had another brilliant West Coast example.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=400.153,403.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They did not a railroad anymore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=403.16,405.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can't build a track,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=405.0,406.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they can't run a train without it hopping off the track","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=406.47,408.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and dumping chemicals in the Sacramento River.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=408.76,411.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So what you did is either sold off the railroad to Santa Fe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=411.04,414.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you then took all the land, which the railroad owns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=414.2,417.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and started building office buildings and things on it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=417.69,420.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to try and make a profit on real estate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=420.61,422.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, that's fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=422.77,423.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, we need some buildings,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=423.603,424.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it isn't a way to run a transportation system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=424.85,427.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another strategy, of course, is to go for cheap labor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=429.28,432.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Oh, by the way, you can plunder assets abroad,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=432.9,434.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, you can go, like I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=434.52,436.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can go to timber in Siberia if you want.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=436.03,439.121"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Cheap labor, well I mentioned that earlier,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=439.121,440.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you can do the Mexico strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=440.82,442.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the North American Free Trade strategy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=442.71,445.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"export your manufacturing capital that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=445.3,447.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That certainly keeps companies profitable up to a point","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=448.77,451.89"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it doesn't mean they actually respond well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=451.89,453.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Japanese competition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=453.74,455.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It doesn't mean that the GM plant's going into Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=455.62,457.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or up to snuff technologically they're not.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=457.98,460.403"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And how long will that strategy last?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=461.27,463.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In some ways, it's starts with the last gasp","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=464.8,467.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the forest era.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=468.154,469.463"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another strategy is","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=470.82,472.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or lack of strategy is what I call poor imitations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=472.11,474.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or going through the motions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=474.84,476.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the reasons","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=477.33,478.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we often don't take Japanese production methods","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=478.163,480.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or German production method seriously","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=480.26,482.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is because when we try to use them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=482.8,485.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the management does it in a kind of quick and dirty way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=485.77,488.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like phony participation circles,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=488.8,491.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"quality circles where the managers lecture the workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=491.78,494.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Halfway Just-in-Time, kind of like,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=495.37,497.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, more in time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=497.54,499.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but not actually a pull through","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=499.26,501.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just-in-Time type quality control system.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=501.2,504.383"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Better quality, but still not good enough quality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=505.58,509.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Flexible machinery used inflexibly.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=509.14,511.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's some very interesting studies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=511.18,512.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about how American machining company","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=512.34,514.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buy the fancy flexible machines and then use them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=514.24,517.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the same old stiff armed way they always have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=517.1,520.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that isn't gonna work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=520.92,522.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Another strategy or failure is a fear of the workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=523.4,527.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and distressed by management of worker's intelligence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=527.13,531.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The precise reason they won't adopt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=531.07,532.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some of these new system or these aren't all that new,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=532.74,535.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is because it often means","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=535.81,536.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to continually upgrade the skills of your workers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=536.99,541.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have to listen to some of their suggestions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=541.53,543.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm not saying it's a worker's paradise mind you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=543.96,546.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in many ways, much better than the old American system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=546.21,550.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is that the worker's a cog and the worker's a fool.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=550.2,553.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The example I have to use is Saturn plant,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=554.27,557.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GM did it right at Saturn.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=557.04,558.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"GM poured zillions into the Saturn plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=558.94,561.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They produce a hell of a good car.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=561.64,563.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very productive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=563.18,565.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It has a very high level of worker involvement","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=565.07,567.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and worker direction on the shop floor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=567.84,569.813"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My friend Harley Shaken was there recently,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=570.95,573.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Director of Planning for GM","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=573.34,576.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"called him into his office.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=576.19,577.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He happened to be at the Saturn plant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=577.26,578.617"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they were talking and Harley said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=578.617,580.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, this is really impressive.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=580.98,583.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The guy said, yeah, but we'll never do it again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=583.36,585.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He said, what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=586.75,588.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This is the best thing GM's done.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=589.01,590.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The one thing you can point to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=590.47,591.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that GM showing some real intelligence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=591.993,595.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You know why they won't do it again?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=595.66,597.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's 'cause the workers have too much power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=597.57,599.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Or there's caterpillar strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=602.25,603.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Caterpillar adapted very well the Japanese competition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=603.73,606.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then out boxing Komatsu for a few years now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=606.57,610.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they rely on their workers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=610.41,613.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for some kind of participation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=613.77,615.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they need the skills of the workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=615.88,618.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so what do they do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=618.88,619.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They have a lockout and try and drive down wages,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=619.73,623.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not because they aren't competitive","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=623.19,624.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because it could get higher profits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=624.67,626.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if they squeeze their workers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=626.44,628.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well that sounds to me like shooting yourself in the foot.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=628.24,630.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Financial deregulation is another strategy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=630.97,633.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You can just deregulate finance capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=633.04,634.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so it can rush around and indulge in anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=634.84,636.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other than manufacturing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=636.86,638.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the US is notorious for short profit horizon,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=638.82,643.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it is now become very clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=644.34,646.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the US, the US capital wants profits right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=646.43,649.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If you can't produce in a quarter,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=649.95,651.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can't produce in a year, forget it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=651.77,653.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the reasons I'm told","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=654.75,655.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the US companies aren't in Czechoslovakia","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=655.99,658.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Eastern Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=658.1,659.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there are some very good profit opportunities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=659.07,661.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is 'cause Eastern Europe is such a mess","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=661.14,663.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it takes a while.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=663.4,665.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You've got a long time horizon to rebuild.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=665.25,667.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So who's there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=667.68,668.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=668.61,669.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's also 'cause the Germans have some surplus money","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=670.67,673.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which we don't have right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=673.78,675.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And of course, another model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=676.53,677.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that has been very effective in the 80s","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=677.67,678.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is milk the government.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=678.95,680.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's so ironic, the Reagan Bush people for years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=681.84,684.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have been telling us about welfare chiselers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=684.6,687.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what is the biggest form of milking the government","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=687.0,690.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is of course the defense industry.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=690.29,691.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"This I call the West LA model.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=692.83,695.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And we've done very well in California off this,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=695.49,697.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"although I think the party may be over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=697.85,700.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So defense spending is great, it's non-competitive cost,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=701.17,703.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"plus, you indulge in the most exotic technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=703.83,706.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are of absolutely no use to anyone else in the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=706.8,709.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Things like nuclear hardened electronics,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=709.12,713.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so that your satellite can still direct the missiles","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=713.09,717.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after the nuclear holocaust,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=717.04,719.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a truly important technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=719.37,720.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of immediate consumer application.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=720.86,723.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'Cause we all wanna be able to go down to the mall","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=725.11,727.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the day after dooms day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=727.93,731.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I will finish in about five minutes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=733.5,736.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you'll bear with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=736.5,737.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sorry for being long winded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=737.36,738.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"By saying something about the politics behind all this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=741.27,744.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Going back to my long wave, this long epic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=745.98,750.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it seems to me that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=750.07,751.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's a larger sense of politics we need to have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=751.68,754.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in this election, or even the 1980s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=754.38,758.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"catastrophic as they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=758.86,760.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that is reaches back to at least World War II.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=760.98,763.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What happened after World War II","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=765.02,766.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is the United States was the supreme power.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=766.35,769.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everything was right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=769.27,770.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were the best producers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=770.79,772.393"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We were the model,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=773.3,774.703"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"political model for the world and all that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=775.86,778.083"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So we were eager to consolidate our position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=778.95,781.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the ruling elites of the United States did just that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=781.2,784.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They initiated the Cold War,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=784.87,787.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they isolated the communist world,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=787.06,789.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they tried to isolate it 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rock,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=794.49,797.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one rock against which","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=797.08,798.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which you can anchor yourself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=799.942,801.592"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They then...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=802.64,803.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, ill come back to 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1930s,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=819.68,823.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which the conservatives, the business class,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=823.46,825.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"absolutely 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internally.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=843.729,848.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So your externally and internally the US locked itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=848.4,851.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"into a mode of 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Germany,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=858.07,859.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"having been disasters politically themselves","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=859.21,861.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and produced fascism and 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annihilated","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=868.73,871.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and were totally restructured.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=871.52,873.163"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, I won't say it was quite the Russian Revolution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=874.11,876.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but it was a very significant internal restructuring","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=876.92,880.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the capitalist order on both sides.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=880.04,885.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And as a result in Japan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=885.02,887.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you look at the origins of the Just-in-Time system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=887.44,890.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you see that this man Ohno who invented it,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=890.26,892.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was a kind of, I think an archetypal character","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=892.74,895.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"within a company by the way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=895.85,897.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Toyota which was our title","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=897.26,898.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then it was outside the old Zaibatsu","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=898.79,900.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had been broken up, or was partly broken up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=900.83,904.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And here you had kinda new capitalist company","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=904.06,906.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a young bright 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openness","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=914.0,917.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for new ideas to filter out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=917.44,919.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The other thing, of 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better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=926.99,930.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/357","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's not the commitment we had,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=931.68,933.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/358","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our commitment was,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=933.33,934.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/359","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's suppress any kind of hostile change in the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=934.8,937.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/360","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and keep doing what we've been doing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=937.81,939.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/361","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that kind of political mentality","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=939.79,941.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/362","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was echoed the economic mentality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=941.63,944.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/363","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the 1960s, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=946.0,948.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/364","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there was a moment of opening,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=948.06,949.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/365","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a moment of attack on that sort of rigid world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=949.41,953.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/366","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But what happened after the 60s?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=953.11,955.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/367","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean there was some long term beneficial effect.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=955.14,958.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/368","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I noticed we can now wear beards and things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=959.4,961.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/369","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that continues right through things like","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=963.3,965.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/370","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the gay and lesbian liberation movement today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=965.24,967.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/371","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there was a very powerful reaction to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=967.81,972.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/372","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A hatred for those gains that carries on to this day,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=972.22,977.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/373","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the politics of the Republican Party and the New Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=977.78,980.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/374","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"A guy like Bush, whatever else you think of him,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=982.5,985.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/375","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is born and bred in that Cold War epoch.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=985.17,990.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/376","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what he thinks.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=990.26,991.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/377","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He basically thinks the world's okay and he says it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=991.13,994.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/378","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We're the best, everything's fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=994.7,996.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/379","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, that's not a very good attitude","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=996.84,999.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/380","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if things really aren't fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=999.08,1000.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/381","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"If things really are fine, okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1000.98,1002.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/382","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if they're not fine, as I've argued,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1002.71,1005.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/383","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a variety of ways even for American capitalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1005.22,1007.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/384","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let alone for American labor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1007.74,1009.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/385","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and American gays and things like that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1009.75,1012.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/386","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then you got a problem with that kind of mentality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1013.467,1016.017"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/387","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the 1980s were, as I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1019.28,1021.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/388","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"actually a backward 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Britain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1026.41,1029.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/391","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which just opened up the British industry","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1029.41,1031.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/392","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to world competition to make sure it would be sucked,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1031.28,1034.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/393","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of like the fall of Rome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1035.044,1036.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/394","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thatcher produced an effect","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1037.69,1039.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/395","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"equivalent to the Great Depression","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1039.53,1041.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/396","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"after she got into office.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1041.15,1042.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/397","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That is the decline of manufacturing of about one third.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1042.68,1045.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/398","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And now under major this last couple of years,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1046.39,1050.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/399","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"British industry has fallen I think by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1050.13,1051.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/400","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"absolutely by what, six to 10% again.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1051.98,1055.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/401","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So Britain's in very serious trouble","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1055.1,1056.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/402","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Thatcherism did a really great job of reviving it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1056.81,1060.153"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/403","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In Europe, this generalized attack by the liberals,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1061.2,1064.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/404","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the Neo liberals, as they're called in Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1064.86,1067.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/405","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are the Thatcherites on social democracy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1067.18,1070.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/406","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After the French socialists capitulated in about 1982","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1070.73,1074.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/407","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the forces of international capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1074.91,1076.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/408","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and became modernizers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1076.95,1078.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/409","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"After Felipe Gonzalez","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1078.63,1080.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/410","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"decided to follow the technocratic road in Spain,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1080.47,1083.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/411","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"social democracy was pretty much done","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1083.26,1085.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/412","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a spent as a force in Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1085.08,1087.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/413","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and has been on the defensive ever since.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1087.06,1089.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/414","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We also of course get the structural adjustments by the IMF","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1090.89,1094.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/415","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all around the third world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1094.13,1094.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/416","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to make sure that countries like Mexico learn their lesson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1094.963,1099.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/417","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as far as being too kind to the poor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1099.59,1102.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/418","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"too liberal with their government spending.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1102.54,1105.693"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/419","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In the United States, of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1106.65,1108.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/420","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we got a whole raft of policies under the Reaganites","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1108.0,1110.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/421","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which were basically those cost cutting policies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1110.99,1113.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/422","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Attack unions, cut labor 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CDs.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1171.01,1175.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Charles Keating or the men of our age","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1175.06,1177.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and Michael Milken,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1177.53,1179.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"another couple of Californians I'm unhappy to say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1179.18,1182.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(clears 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fiasco,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1282.93,1284.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/483","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the people of Europe,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1284.44,1285.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/484","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the voters of Europe are very unhappy with the Eurocrats","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1285.3,1288.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/485","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with financial capital in charge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1288.45,1293.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/486","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The conservative governments are all rather unpopular","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1293.0,1295.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/487","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in Europe right now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1295.25,1296.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/488","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the republicans are very likely","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1296.95,1298.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/489","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on their way out as of today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1298.58,1300.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/490","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So where do we go?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1301.73,1302.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/491","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, we've got an interesting moment here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1304.09,1306.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/492","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if Clinton comes in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1306.17,1308.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/493","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he has talked about strategies like public investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1308.16,1312.237"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/494","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a good ideas to since we're 51st internationally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1312.237,1315.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/495","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"spending on infrastructure per capita.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1315.36,1317.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/496","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We need an industrial policy,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1318.99,1320.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/497","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need to govern investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1320.55,1322.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/498","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to direct strategically investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1322.85,1327.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/499","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"new technologies, research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1327.04,1329.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/500","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We need a labor policy and an education policy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1329.88,1332.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/501","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that does develop skill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1332.56,1333.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/502","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"We need redistribution for the welfare","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1335.36,1338.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/503","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the stabilization of the people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1338.55,1340.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/504","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the mass of the people,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1340.44,1341.603"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/505","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as for a mass market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1342.48,1344.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/506","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which has been diminishing in the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1344.01,1346.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/507","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And Clinton to his credit has said some things about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1347.45,1350.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/508","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But the numbers he said is 20 billion in public investment,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1351.64,1355.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/509","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"would be about one fifth","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1355.76,1357.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/510","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of what they spend on public investment in United Kingdom,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1357.01,1359.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/511","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"one 15th of what they spend in flea market Japan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1359.99,1363.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/512","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's quite extraordinarily small.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1365.29,1367.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/513","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Clinton to me sounds like FDR in 1932,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1367.7,1371.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/514","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"coming in after the wreckage of Hoover","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1371.08,1373.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/515","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and saying we gotta balance the budget,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1373.37,1376.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/516","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which he tried to do right through 1936.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1376.11,1378.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/517","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Fortunately, there was some social movements.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1378.85,1381.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/518","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the situation was so disastrous","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1381.71,1384.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/519","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that FDR was forced to do things more dramatic than that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1384.08,1387.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/520","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Although in the end, of course, it still took World War II","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1387.78,1389.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/521","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to get us out of the Great Depression.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1389.9,1391.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/522","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So Clinton's strategies are in the right direction,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1391.94,1395.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/523","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but they're not enough.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1395.96,1397.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/524","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in some ways they're in the wrong direction.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1397.67,1400.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/525","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"His policy on labor is appallingly bad.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1400.46,1403.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/526","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"What's the lesson to go away with?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1406.44,1408.353"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/527","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That we need, obviously a new direction at the top.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1409.37,1412.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/528","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But beyond that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1413.8,1415.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/529","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we need a new commitment as a people to intelligent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1415.53,1420.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/530","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and humane management of our economy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1421.96,1424.103"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/531","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And without that kind of mastery of this powerful system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1425.21,1428.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/532","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's essentially out of our control right now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1428.95,1432.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/533","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and scrambling our lives","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1432.1,1434.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/534","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as well as the map of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1434.52,1436.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/535","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Without some kind of control of that understanding","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1437.2,1440.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/536","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and command and directional control of that system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1440.01,1443.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/537","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"our lives will be fundamentally out of control.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1443.41,1446.439"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/538","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'll leave you on that thought.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1446.439,1448.279"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/539","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience clap)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1448.279,1450.946"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/540","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So I'll be happy to take questions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1456.503,1458.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/541","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can bear with me any longer.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1458.23,1459.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/542","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But we'll let those who can't go first.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1462.665,1465.193"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/543","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, any questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1472.4,1473.553"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/544","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes ma'am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1474.51,1475.525"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/545","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You were talking about,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1475.525,1477.247"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/546","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you mentioned geographic is a decisive twice the time,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1477.247,1479.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/547","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you mentioned also, when you were talking about management","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1479.533,1484.533"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/548","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yeah, it must be a very global entities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1484.545,1488.128"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/549","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and global businesses.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1489.574,1491.106"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/550","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you also start talking about new 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1507.52,1511.089"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/557","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there's great, everything's from Chile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1511.089,1512.701"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/558","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's probably getting this from Africa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1512.701,1514.973"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/559","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and with each stage of removal","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1514.973,1518.836"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/560","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e of part of 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consumer","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1531.75,1533.648"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/565","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause they're as removed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1533.648,1535.629"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/566","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the processes that are involved.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1535.629,1537.664"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/567","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean you don't even have to go to the store anymore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1537.664,1540.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/568","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to buy your clothing, you may now order it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1540.63,1543.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/569","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you have no idea where that is coming from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1543.407,1545.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/570","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1545.04,1545.933"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/571","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'd say I'm getting increasingly removed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1546.81,1548.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/572","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by audience too, but anyway.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1548.62,1550.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/573","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"First part of the question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1550.62,1551.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/574","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Some of these systems are remarkably localized.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1554.1,1556.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/575","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So as I said with Venet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1556.73,1558.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/576","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and it really all goes back to the Veneto region.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1558.02,1561.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/577","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And they don't have a globalized system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1561.0,1563.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/578","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"except at the retail end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1563.14,1565.024"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/579","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e The marketing end.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1565.024,1565.857"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/580","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, the marketing end, that's 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company,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1574.38,1575.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/583","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but spread to other companies as a good example","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1575.64,1578.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/584","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of how to do things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1578.55,1580.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/585","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Often have very specific origins in certain kinds of areas","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1580.04,1583.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/586","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a certain technological tradition,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1583.36,1585.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/587","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a certain social tradition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1585.26,1587.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/588","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Something like the flexible production of third Italy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1587.63,1589.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/589","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is strongly based on the small towns","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1589.76,1593.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/590","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a strong agricultural hinterland,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1593.66,1596.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/591","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with a strong kind of small business, small enterprise.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1596.24,1600.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/592","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Tradition goes back centuries in many cases,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1600.7,1603.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/593","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but certainly back to being in this century.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1603.22,1604.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/594","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And very powerful political organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1604.88,1607.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/595","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"buy the small owners,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1607.7,1609.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/596","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"often under the Communist Party ironically enough of Italy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1609.32,1612.843"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/597","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And then it kind of spreads from there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1614.36,1616.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/598","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But often, it doesn't spread that easily,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1617.52,1619.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/599","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the social relations have to go with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1619.07,1621.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/600","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so people try to say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1621.43,1622.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/601","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"hey, we'll be the next Silicon Valley out in Iowa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1622.76,1625.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/602","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But you know Silicon Valley","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1625.55,1626.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/603","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's very weird social relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1626.53,1629.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/604","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Very strange.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1629.09,1630.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/605","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There is this whole culture of the computer nerds sort of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1630.9,1634.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/606","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to put it grossly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1634.41,1636.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/607","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where there's kind of free thinking, no tie kinda culture.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1637.0,1640.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/608","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And it's very different than 128","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1640.45,1642.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/609","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is one of the reasons why they beat out 128.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1642.56,1645.265"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/610","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now the second part of your question is about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1645.265,1646.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/611","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the distant between the producer and the consumer?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1646.65,1648.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/612","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes, I don't know there's any going back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1648.52,1652.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/613","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are ways that you can certainly try","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1652.86,1656.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/614","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to develop local production,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1656.77,1658.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/615","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm gonna use things like organic produce","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1658.22,1660.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/616","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which relocalizes a lot of production.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1660.88,1663.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/617","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now that may get more globalized as time goes on too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1663.76,1668.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/618","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think we're talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1668.53,1669.97"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/619","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a process in human development there","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1669.97,1672.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/620","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is probably irreversible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1672.83,1674.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/621","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It may be triggered by capitalism,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1674.7,1676.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/622","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I can't associate it uniquely with capitalism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1676.31,1678.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/623","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and say in the great future,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1678.3,1680.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/624","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we will get rid of the division of labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1682.299,1683.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/625","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll get rid of the global division of labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1683.79,1686.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/626","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and everybody will know exactly where their food's grown","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1686.09,1688.75"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/627","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and their clothes are made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1688.75,1690.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/628","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't believe that's gonna happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1690.26,1691.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/629","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think they've got to be other strategies of education","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1691.96,1695.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/630","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and control to make that possible.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1695.13,1698.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/631","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just like we don't live just in city state anymore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1698.0,1702.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/632","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we live in very large nations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1702.38,1704.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/633","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there have to methods of making those democratic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1704.46,1707.93"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/634","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which are sometimes rather poor at, I might add.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1707.93,1709.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/635","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So it's a very serious human problem,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1709.76,1711.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/636","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I'm not sure if when you can undo.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1711.37,1713.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/637","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1714.71,1716.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/638","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e From a geographic perspective,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1716.36,1718.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/639","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how much of a factor is transportation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1718.82,1719.907"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/640","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and transportation cost adding friction to the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1719.907,1724.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/641","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1724.7,1725.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/642","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, there's no question that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1725.943,1728.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/643","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"lowering of transport costs","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1728.21,1729.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/644","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and improvements in communications","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1729.96,1731.816"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/645","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"have vastly increase the ability to go abroad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1731.816,1735.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/646","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to globalize these systems.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1735.95,1737.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/647","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Just there's no question about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1737.76,1738.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/648","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But there's a whole number of other conditions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1738.593,1741.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/649","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to go along with that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1741.01,1742.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/650","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Improved organizational structures","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1742.35,1744.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/651","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from the corporation to marketing networks","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1744.65,1748.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/652","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that make possible something like a global oil market,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1748.16,1750.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/653","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you've got to have tremendous number oil wholesalers,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1750.72,1755.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/654","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"commodity dealers in London to make that happen.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1755.4,1758.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/655","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that's not just a communication problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1758.57,1760.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/656","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's an organizational problem.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1760.46,1762.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/657","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Also, if you're gonna go into Mexico","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1762.67,1765.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/658","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or in the Southeast Asia to produce globally,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1765.47,1768.423"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/659","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it takes an advance of the level of labor,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1769.74,1774.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/660","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"skill, labor discipline, political control,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1774.73,1778.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/661","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on to make that possible","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1778.38,1780.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/662","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which is a social question, not a technical one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1780.17,1782.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/663","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So you are suggesting that transportation cost","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1782.92,1785.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/664","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are normal part of this as organizational cost?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1785.59,1788.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/665","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I would say transport cost it's important.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1788.917,1791.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/666","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can point out certain instances where it's decisive,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1791.05,1793.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/667","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like where you can allocate an oil terminal.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1793.99,1796.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/668","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But in a lot of cases, it's not very decisive anymore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1796.84,1799.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/669","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a kind of back cloth.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1799.47,1800.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/670","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So in the work I've done in economic geography has been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1801.74,1805.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/671","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"very strongly to kind of overturn the older view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1805.38,1807.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/672","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that made it all transport determined","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1807.64,1810.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/673","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that just doesn't work,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1810.14,1810.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/674","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it doesn't explain much anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1810.99,1812.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/675","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1814.07,1814.903"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/676","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e What is the educational institute is doing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1815.88,1819.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/677","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to advance the kind of establishment to try and...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1819.07,1821.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/678","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e To try and deal with the problems?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1823.9,1825.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/679","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, I didn't know,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1827.54,1828.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/680","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean the strategies I see","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1828.407,1831.031"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/681","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are sometimes exactly the wrong one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1831.031,1833.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/682","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's kind of, let's plunder our universities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1833.83,1836.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/683","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for new technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1836.23,1837.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/684","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Here we have these magnificent,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1838.86,1840.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/685","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we've created from quite magnificent institutions","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1840.49,1843.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/686","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of higher learning and the spread of knowledge and research.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1843.28,1846.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/687","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And what happens in some of these areas like Biotech","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1846.87,1849.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/688","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"at University of California,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1849.29,1851.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/689","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"no one will talk to anybody anymore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1851.42,1853.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/690","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and half of them aren't there anymore","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1853.64,1855.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/691","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"'cause they've gone into private business.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1855.2,1856.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/692","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, what is that do to development of knowledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1856.83,1858.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/693","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the university?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1858.78,1859.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/694","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's pretty adverse effects.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1859.67,1863.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/695","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So one way of looking this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1863.31,1866.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/696","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's cynical view is saying,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1866.1,1867.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/697","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"well, we don't know how to produce things,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1867.47,1869.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/698","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we know we've got this really good universities,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1869.37,1871.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/699","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"let's plunder them for a while","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1871.27,1872.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/700","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and get some great ideas out of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1872.57,1874.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/701","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And maybe I'll give us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1874.0,1875.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/702","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"some high tech companies here and there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1875.11,1877.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/703","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Maybe that's too cynical.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1879.43,1881.26"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/704","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Obviously, universities can and have to adapt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1881.26,1884.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/705","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to sort of to work, I think in new areas of technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1884.4,1887.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/706","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and organization,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1887.62,1888.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/707","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't have any problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1888.453,1889.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/708","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with universities being connected to biotechnology.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1889.4,1893.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/709","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I mean, there are moral","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1893.06,1894.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/710","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and political questions in biotechnology,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1894.08,1895.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/711","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but I don't think that is inherently bad","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1895.68,1899.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/712","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that universities might be working in that area.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1899.35,1901.78"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/713","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The danger is that what's immediately commercializable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1901.78,1905.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/714","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"certain kinds of manipulations of genes","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1905.68,1908.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/715","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or manipulations of lipids and so on","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1909.64,1912.049"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/716","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is actually a very limited view of cell process.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1912.049,1915.897"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/717","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in sometimes, the tap turns off for research,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1915.897,1920.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/718","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's a little more speculative in general","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1920.6,1923.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/719","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about cell processes,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1923.48,1924.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/720","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it may have a big payoff later on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1924.69,1926.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/721","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's always a danger of the short term,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1926.05,1929.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/722","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"kind of mentality.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1929.0,1929.963"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/723","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yes sir.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1931.22,1932.374"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/724","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e [Inaudible 00.32.14]","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1932.374,1934.207"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/725","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Could you comment a little further","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1939.707,1941.55"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/726","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the importance of some of the new technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1941.55,1944.051"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/727","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as motivating, implementing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1944.051,1946.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/728","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"permitting these new organizational forms to occur.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1947.74,1950.407"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/729","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm thinking communication.\nRight.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1950.407,1952.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/730","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, yeah, there is an argument.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1952.4,1953.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/731","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There are people who'd say that it's basically computers","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1953.74,1956.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/732","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and information technologies","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1956.5,1958.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/733","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are central to these organizational forms.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1958.88,1962.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/734","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And obviously, who is to minimize the computer revolution?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1962.04,1965.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/735","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I go back and forth on this sometimes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1965.81,1968.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/736","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But it is clear to me that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1968.37,1971.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/737","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"there are organizational technologies themselves,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1971.13,1975.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/738","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"organizational forms,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1975.06,1976.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/739","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like the Just-in-Time system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1976.71,1978.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/740","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or like certain forms of work teams,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1978.77,1981.543"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/741","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ADHOC work teams for problem solving,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1981.543,1984.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/742","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are no way reducible to computer technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1984.16,1987.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/743","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, I think we've got two things going on here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1987.74,1990.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/744","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are often highly overlapped,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1990.02,1992.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/745","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but highly complimentary.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1992.52,1994.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/746","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e So you just begin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1994.19,1995.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/747","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, yeah,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1995.64,1996.473"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/748","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think you'll find over in management schools","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1996.473,1999.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/749","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so on, they're talking about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=1999.01,2000.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/750","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"techniques of planning and brainstorming","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2000.53,2003.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/751","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and matrix organization and things like that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2003.38,2006.565"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/752","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are in no way sort of simply computer technologies.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2006.565,2011.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/753","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But obviously, people are still interested in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2011.23,2013.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/754","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"how do you manage information?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2013.37,2015.05"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/755","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you manage knowledge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2015.05,2016.723"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/756","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"For management, for organization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2018.5,2021.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/757","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and computers come right into the center of that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2021.98,2024.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/758","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, it's like the debate over AI in a way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2025.93,2028.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/759","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"How do you use computer for knowledge management?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2029.37,2032.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/760","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And expert systems on based on a very simple model","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2032.28,2035.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/761","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the mind and knowledge,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2035.0,2036.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/762","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they're great for certain things like fixing a machine,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2036.57,2039.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/763","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or oil drilling.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2039.65,2041.63"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/764","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But, there's a very substantial body of work","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2041.63,2044.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/765","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in cognitive sciences that says,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2044.94,2046.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/766","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whoa, that is really a trivial view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2046.54,2049.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/767","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the use of computers to imitate higher mental faculties.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2049.82,2053.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/768","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so in the future","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2053.19,2054.56"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/769","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we'll think that that was pretty good stuff.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2054.56,2057.183"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/770","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2058.53,2059.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/771","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e You mentioned at the beginning","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2060.29,2061.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/772","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that profit has been declining in manufacturing generally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2061.35,2066.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/773","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and there's a lot of capital quashing around.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2067.04,2068.791"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/774","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2068.791,2069.624"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/775","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e And even though capital has increased potentially,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2069.624,2072.923"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/776","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"this is inclusivity of why","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2072.923,2074.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/777","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the capital manufacture is greater than","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2074.88,2077.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/778","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the productive outlet,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2077.177,2078.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/779","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and you said you might expand on that I think,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2078.42,2082.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/780","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I can hear that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2082.54,2083.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/781","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And related to that,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2083.6,2084.433"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/782","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if there is much more capital than there used to be","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2084.433,2087.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/783","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then they should be changing opportunities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2087.25,2090.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/784","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for manufacturing in this country","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2090.09,2092.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/785","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and be willing to take moderated profit","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2092.65,2094.321"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/786","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's been provisioned, what does that mean?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2094.321,2098.311"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/787","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Okay, first question about","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2098.311,2100.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/788","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"why study these excess capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2102.67,2104.323"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/789","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that what you're asking really?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2104.323,2106.023"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/790","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, two reasons.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2107.09,2108.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/791","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One, if we look at it without the financial system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2108.25,2111.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/792","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's just a question of...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2111.47,2113.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/793","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's not a question of absolutely too much capital,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2113.12,2115.71"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/794","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it's always relative to it's outlets.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2115.71,2118.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/795","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"There's a buildup of,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2118.327,2119.397"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/796","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you make profit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2119.397,2121.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/797","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"you have new investable surplus to reinvest.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2121.01,2124.22"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/798","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And you continue reinvesting it","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2124.22,2125.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/799","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as long as there's something to invest in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2125.65,2128.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/800","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But if you can't find an outlet to invest in,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2128.16,2131.483"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/801","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if that outlet doesn't produce the profits","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2134.737,2136.79"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/802","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you hoped it would,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2136.79,2138.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/803","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"if you can't switch your capital","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2139.1,2141.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/804","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"out of old fixed investment to new quick enough,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2141.07,2146.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/805","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"then those fixed investments will be sub profitable.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2146.148,2149.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/806","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a number ways in which you can get trapped","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2149.76,2151.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/807","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in self profitable investments,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2151.68,2153.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/808","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you can invest in stuff that just doesn't pay off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2153.51,2156.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/809","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So there's a kind of importance here","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2156.6,2158.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/810","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the rate of change of development of technology","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2158.58,2162.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/811","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of new products, of new products of higher productivity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2162.29,2166.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/812","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that rate has to keep up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2166.7,2168.74"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/813","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with the rate of the development of surplus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2168.74,2170.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/814","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"investable surplus,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2170.61,2171.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/815","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the switching problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2171.9,2173.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/816","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between old capital and new capital is a difficult one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2173.64,2177.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/817","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's a constant problem","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2177.48,2178.72"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/818","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of writing off old capital fast enough","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2178.72,2180.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/819","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and if you can't do that, so it's a rigidity question,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2180.68,2184.113"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/820","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"an adjustment question in a sense.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2185.02,2187.4"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/821","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's also of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2187.4,2188.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/822","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"other people are building up in investing too","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2188.29,2190.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/823","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and so have see this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2190.83,2191.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/824","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as a whole set of centers of accumulation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2191.663,2194.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/825","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that are racing with each other, glutting markets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2194.9,2198.58"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/826","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"glutting investment outlet.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2198.58,2199.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/827","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That to my mind, is the foundation of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2201.26,2204.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/828","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now in addition, there's a financial system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2204.18,2205.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/829","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which creates fictitious capital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2205.96,2208.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/830","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You borrow from the future to invest,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2208.52,2210.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/831","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"we do that all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2210.01,2211.35"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/832","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that, it's much easier in a way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2211.35,2214.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/833","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to see that that can out run your potential","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2214.03,2217.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/834","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the production of profits.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2217.09,2219.453"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/835","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And in the 80s, it's pretty obvious that's what happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2220.35,2222.327"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/836","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"You just massive amount of debt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2222.327,2224.02"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/837","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it really couldn't amortize.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2224.02,2225.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/838","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It was taken out,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2227.23,2228.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/839","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"the debt was taken out on the belief","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2228.65,2230.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/840","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that junk bonds really were good investments say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2230.08,2232.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/841","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and they really weren't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2232.41,2233.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/842","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that paper has to be written off.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2234.54,2236.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/843","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So paper has to be written off,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2236.24,2237.73"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/844","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"fixed industrial plan has to be written off and so on.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2237.73,2240.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/845","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Now, actually there was a second part of the question.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2242.59,2245.929"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/846","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e If it holds capital, why not go into manufacturing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2245.929,2247.731"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/847","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, why didn't it go into manufacturing?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2247.731,2249.41"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/848","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Yeah, that's tricky.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2249.41,2250.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/849","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think that that partly depends...","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2250.92,2255.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/850","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Partly I think the analysis would say that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2256.214,2260.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/851","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"money that had gone into the financial system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2260.9,2263.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/852","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"discovered non productive outlets,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2263.11,2265.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/853","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"nonetheless, in the short term produced a lot of profit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2265.38,2268.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/854","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And so it ended up just sort of circulating those domains,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2268.32,2271.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/855","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reaping rapid profit,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2271.84,2273.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/856","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which in the long run would not pay off","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2273.36,2275.28"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/857","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the whole system,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2275.28,2276.53"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/858","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but in the short run is extremely profitable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2276.53,2278.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/859","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for the people in that domain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2278.43,2280.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/860","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So that's been part of the issue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2280.0,2282.66"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/861","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And another part of the issue I think","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2282.66,2283.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/862","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is something that goes back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2283.96,2285.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/863","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to a more Keynesian institutional view","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2285.42,2288.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/864","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the sort of culture of investment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2288.43,2290.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/865","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And if you don't see the opportunities","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2290.88,2292.99"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/866","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or you're not willing to take those risks anymore,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2292.99,2296.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/867","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long term risks in manufacturing,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2296.92,2299.136"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/868","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I guess I don't wanna do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2299.136,2301.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/869","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I don't wanna get in that domain.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2301.053,2302.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/870","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think that has happened too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2302.82,2304.987"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/871","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Anymore questions?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2307.3,2308.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/872","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Okay, we'll pull the plug, thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2309.15,2310.301"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/873","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"(audience claps)","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=2310.301,2313.051"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27307/annotation/874","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/307/original/AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_b.vtt?1622143551","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/027/307/original/AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_b.vtt?1622143551"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27308","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV204117_The_New_Geography_of_the_World_Economy_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591/transcript/27308/annotation/875","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- Decline of the Frost Belt and rise of the Sun Belt or the shift towards Japan, so forth. Now, how is the United States responding to this situation? Well, I don't think very well. And I think we're looking at the decline and fall of the American age of a great power. Now that decline and fall, if it's anything like Britain's will not be, come great crashing down like Rome with the barbarians at the gate or something in that order. Although, of course is arguable in this world who's the barbarians sometimes. But my argument is the United States is declining, has declined because of its inability to respond creatively enough and rapidly enough to the challenges of this era. And that the primary failure, the primary failure is not government, not budget deficits, not labor, the failure of business, the Internet, and to adapt, and to figure out these new systems and advance these new systems. And a secondary failure is that in the face of our own inability to change, we have seized upon short term political panaceas nostrums, like deregulation that have done nothing, and if anything have made matters worse. And what we have is essentially, the 80s were a lost opportunity to respond to a changing world that has caused United States generation, at least. Okay, what kind of responses has the United States have dominated in the US? I'm gonna be intentionally, kind of churlish about this. First one is denial, nothing wrong. That was certainly the car maker's response to the the import of Japanese cars in the 1970s. The oil company response to the growth of OPEX power, the steel company's response to their own obsolescence. They just kept building bigger and bigger furnaces based on 1910 technology. And the result was, of course, you have a lot of very big furnaces that are now having to be dismantled. The second response is blame. Is not my fault. It's not management's fault, it's you workers, or it's the government or its environmental regulations. The steel industry cried and wept all through the 1970s over the Clean Air Act. God, you guys are closing us down because of these pollution regulations. Well, in fact they got all the pollution regulations set aside just in time to be closed down by the Koreans, the Germans, the Brazilians and the Japanese. But if what has happens by the market, it's okay. If it's environmental laws, in socially conscious attempt to do something more sensible and not poison yourself, that's bad. Or as one worker, I plucked this quote out of the newspaper, workers at Xerox but it recently. \"Until four years ago, they didn't care \"how you put the machines together \"as long as you did it in time.\" Four years ago, that's slow response time. But at least Xerox responded and they're doing very well right now. So there's one bright spot. Or they responded, they knew there was a problem, but they got it all wrong. We call this clueless in Detroit. General Motors thought that the Japanese did it with robots. We had this kind of thing about robotics that sort of robotics boom in the early 80s, late 70s. And GM was really shocked when they set up the first joint GM Toyota plant out in California, the NUMMI plant. New United Motors Manufacturing Incorporated, NUMMI. They discovered that the Japanese did it with less automation than they had in some of their planTs and got higher productivity. That blew their minds. And I don't think they've gotten back yet. Not at GM. Another strategy is to abandon ship. Exports at capital. US companies have been exporting capital since the 50s. In the 50s they did it because they had the best technology and the best products in many cases. But since then, they've been exporting because they don't have the best products and the best technology and it's a way of cutting costs. And there's also cost cutting frenzies at home, cut out reams of management, some of it of course good. Can't lay off workers, trying to squeeze down on old unnecessary costs. It's effective up to a point but it's not a very dynamic strategy. Simple cost cutting is not enough, you've got to put the pieces together in new way. The worst of course, is when you say abandon ship by saying enough of manufacturing. I'm not gonna invest in manufacturing because it looks lousy profit rates. I don't know how to make it any better. So I think I'll take my portfolio and invest in real estate or oil futures, and that's what we've done. In the last 10 years, about 15% of the borrowing, of borrowing for investment, so the indebtedness of industrial corporations. 15% of that has gone to real plant and equipment, 85% of it has gone to mergers, buyouts and other assorted speculative activities. You get the same response with regard to government, which is just quite costs. Just slash your education system that's what we do in California. We've fallen from I think fifth in the country to 38 in per capita school spending, a really brilliant response to the new high tech world of which we should be the most familiar. Plundering the assets, that's a good strategy. If you don't know how to make anything, take the old things and milk them for all their worth. So you get companies buying companies and knocking the profits out of them and closing down, you get things like we had in California of the Maxxam Corporation of financial ghost that bought up Pacific Lumber, the last company in the West Coast that actually did manage timber company cutting and they've done it for 50 years profitably. You don't have to clear cut, you can actually make a profit without clear cutting. So they were bought by a financial firm on a junk bond buyout, and immediately started clear cutting to pay off the junk bonds. So, cut your redwoods, pay off your debts, that's one way to do it. The Southern Pacific Railroad had another brilliant West Coast example. They did not a railroad anymore, they can't build a track, they can't run a train without it hopping off the track and dumping chemicals in the Sacramento River. So what you did is either sold off the railroad to Santa Fe, you then took all the land, which the railroad owns and started building office buildings and things on it to try and make a profit on real estate. Well, that's fine. I mean, we need some buildings, but it isn't a way to run a transportation system. Another strategy, of course, is to go for cheap labor. Oh, by the way, you can plunder assets abroad, I mean, you can go, like I said, you can go to timber in Siberia if you want. Cheap labor, well I mentioned that earlier, you can do the Mexico strategy, the North American Free Trade strategy, export your manufacturing capital that way. That certainly keeps companies profitable up to a point but it doesn't mean they actually respond well to Japanese competition. It doesn't mean that the GM plant's going into Mexico or up to snuff technologically they're not. And how long will that strategy last? In some ways, it's starts with the last gasp of the forest era. Another strategy is or lack of strategy is what I call poor imitations or going through the motions. One of the reasons we often don't take Japanese production methods or German production method seriously is because when we try to use them the management does it in a kind of quick and dirty way like phony participation circles, quality circles where the managers lecture the workers. Halfway Just-in-Time, kind of like, well, more in time, but not actually a pull through Just-in-Time type quality control system. Better quality, but still not good enough quality. Flexible machinery used inflexibly. There's some very interesting studies about how American machining company buy the fancy flexible machines and then use them in the same old stiff armed way they always have. So that isn't gonna work. Another strategy or failure is a fear of the workers and distressed by management of worker's intelligence. The precise reason they won't adopt some of these new system or these aren't all that new, is because it often means you have to continually upgrade the skills of your workers, you have to listen to some of their suggestions. I'm not saying it's a worker's paradise mind you but in many ways, much better than the old American system which is that the worker's a cog and the worker's a fool. The example I have to use is Saturn plant, GM did it right at Saturn. GM poured zillions into the Saturn plant. They produce a hell of a good car. It's very productive. It has a very high level of worker involvement and worker direction on the shop floor. My friend Harley Shaken was there recently, and the Director of Planning for GM called him into his office. He happened to be at the Saturn plant. And they were talking and Harley said, Well, this is really impressive. The guy said, yeah, but we'll never do it again. He said, what? This is the best thing GM's done. The one thing you can point to that GM showing some real intelligence. You know why they won't do it again? It's 'cause the workers have too much power. Or there's caterpillar strategy. Caterpillar adapted very well the Japanese competition, then out boxing Komatsu for a few years now, and they rely on their workers for some kind of participation and they need the skills of the workers. And so what do they do? They have a lockout and try and drive down wages, not because they aren't competitive because it could get higher profits if they squeeze their workers. Well that sounds to me like shooting yourself in the foot. Financial deregulation is another strategy. You can just deregulate finance capital so it can rush around and indulge in anything other than manufacturing. And the US is notorious for short profit horizon, it is now become very clear that the US, the US capital wants profits right now. If you can't produce in a quarter, if you can't produce in a year, forget it. One of the reasons I'm told that the US companies aren't in Czechoslovakia and Eastern Europe, where there are some very good profit opportunities is 'cause Eastern Europe is such a mess that it takes a while. You've got a long time horizon to rebuild. So who's there? The Germans. It's also 'cause the Germans have some surplus money which we don't have right now. And of course, another model that has been very effective in the 80s is milk the government. It's so ironic, the Reagan Bush people for years have been telling us about welfare chiselers. And what is the biggest form of milking the government is of course the defense industry. This I call the West LA model. And we've done very well in California off this, although I think the party may be over. So defense spending is great, it's non-competitive cost, plus, you indulge in the most exotic technologies that are of absolutely no use to anyone else in the world. Things like nuclear hardened electronics, so that your satellite can still direct the missiles after the nuclear holocaust, a truly important technology of immediate consumer application. 'Cause we all wanna be able to go down to the mall the day after dooms day. Now, I will finish in about five minutes if you'll bear with me. Sorry for being long winded. By saying something about the politics behind all this. Going back to my long wave, this long epic, it seems to me that there's a larger sense of politics we need to have in this election, or even the 1980s, catastrophic as they were. And that is reaches back to at least World War II. What happened after World War II is the United States was the supreme power. Everything was right. We were the best producers. We were the model, political model for the world and all that. So we were eager to consolidate our position and the ruling elites of the United States did just that. They initiated the Cold War, they isolated the communist world, they tried to isolate it anyway. They started this battle against communism that provided that kind of rock, one rock against which on which you can anchor yourself. They then... Well, ill come back to that. The second front was internal, a second front of a kind of fundamental conservatism of our era, of our 50 years. Not liberalism, but conservatism. And that was internal because of the advances of labor of the Communist Party of the New Deal in the 1930s, which the conservatives, the business class, absolutely hated. And after the war, they quickly moved to get things like Taft Hartley to initiate the Red Scare and the McCarthy period. Which is very convenient and nobody really objected the McCarthy until he attacked the army. Which really was trying to lock this Cold War mentality, this rigidify this social order internally. So your externally and internally the US locked itself into a mode of triumph. Meanwhile, these other places I've mentioned, like Japan and Germany, having been disasters politically themselves and produced fascism and militarism in the most disgusting kinds of military expansionism, had of course been defeated, annihilated and were totally restructured. Now, I won't say it was quite the Russian Revolution but it was a very significant internal restructuring of the capitalist order on both sides. And as a result in Japan, if you look at the origins of the Just-in-Time system, you see that this man Ohno who invented it, was a kind of, I think an archetypal character within a company by the way. Toyota which was our title and then it was outside the old Zaibatsu had been broken up, or was partly broken up. And here you had kinda new capitalist company with a young bright manager who could move up through the ranks with this new idea, this Just-in-Time idea and develop it. That's what you need, is that kind of political class openness for new ideas to filter out. The other thing, of course the Japanese were devastated by the war and there was a national commitment to rebuild, and to use whatever resources they had to learn how the Americans did it and how to do it better. That's not the commitment we had, our commitment was, let's suppress any kind of hostile change in the world and keep doing what we've been doing. So that kind of political mentality was echoed the economic mentality. In the 1960s, of course, there was a moment of opening, a moment of attack on that sort of rigid world. But what happened after the 60s? I mean there was some long term beneficial effect. I noticed we can now wear beards and things and that continues right through things like the gay and lesbian liberation movement today. But there was a very powerful reaction to that. A hatred for those gains that carries on to this day, in the politics of the Republican Party and the New Right. A guy like Bush, whatever else you think of him, is born and bred in that Cold War epoch. That's what he thinks. He basically thinks the world's okay and he says it. We're the best, everything's fine. Now, that's not a very good attitude if things really aren't fine. If things really are fine, okay. But if they're not fine, as I've argued, in a variety of ways even for American capitalism, let alone for American labor and American gays and things like that, then you got a problem with that kind of mentality. Well, the 1980s were, as I said, actually a backward step throughout the United States and Europe. We have Thatcherism in Britain, which just opened up the British industry to world competition to make sure it would be sucked, kind of like the fall of Rome. Thatcher produced an effect equivalent to the Great Depression after she got into office. That is the decline of manufacturing of about one third. And now under major this last couple of years, British industry has fallen I think by absolutely by what, six to 10% again. So Britain's in very serious trouble and Thatcherism did a really great job of reviving it. In Europe, this generalized attack by the liberals, the Neo liberals, as they're called in Europe, are the Thatcherites on social democracy. After the French socialists capitulated in about 1982 to the forces of international capital, and became modernizers. After Felipe Gonzalez decided to follow the technocratic road in Spain, social democracy was pretty much done as a spent as a force in Europe, and has been on the defensive ever since. We also of course get the structural adjustments by the IMF all around the third world to make sure that countries like Mexico learn their lesson as far as being too kind to the poor, too liberal with their government spending. In the United States, of course, we got a whole raft of policies under the Reaganites which were basically those cost cutting policies. Attack unions, cut labor cost, make it easier for capital to free itself from old plant equipment and speculate at anything it wants. Cutting taxes to the wealthy so that they could live even better, setting consumption loose without regard to production so that your imports rise and your balance of trade gets worse and your debt gets worse, but not of debt that piled up in the 1980s is truly astronomical. It's four or five times anything that happened in the whole post war period before. They cut the dollar loose, they cut the bankers loose, they cut the right wing moralizer loose. It was quite a time. But what the effect of that was was not just the disagreeable social effects, but then it cut the economy loose from any moorings. This economy has been a drift, a drift in a sea of money sloshing around, of junk bonds, SNL, CDs. The Charles Keating or the men of our age and Michael Milken, another couple of Californians I'm unhappy to say. So what we did is had this ideology of the market. It's not just that I disliked the ideology of the market, it's not that I think that the market isn't a marvelous institution in many ways, it's just that I don't worship it. And I see that the effects of this cutting loose from all government direction from all political direction, have been bad. But the US has not responded very creatively under the spirit of the market. And the evidence from countries like Japan, Korea, Germany, is that all the successful countries of our age use much more association, management, steering, planning, government direction, whatever you wanna call it, at number of different levels than we do. And they use very creatively these new organizational forms. And I'm not saying that the old simple model of central planning that was put forward under Russian communism is the answer. The complexity of the division of labor in our time is such that that kind of planning does not work and can conceivably work for the next I don't know how long. But what we're seeing within capitalism itself is the development of new modes of organization at various levels that indicate that this is a highly organized economy, and where it is well organized and well directed, it does better. And that's the kind of direction that we need to move in. Now, I think there are signs of the ice breaking up. Couple of minutes. The Maastricht fiasco, the people of Europe, the voters of Europe are very unhappy with the Eurocrats and with financial capital in charge. The conservative governments are all rather unpopular in Europe right now. And the republicans are very likely on their way out as of today. So where do we go? Well, we've got an interesting moment here. And if Clinton comes in, he has talked about strategies like public investment. It's a good ideas to since we're 51st internationally spending on infrastructure per capita. We need an industrial policy, we need to govern investment, to direct strategically investment, new technologies, research. We need a labor policy and an education policy that does develop skill. We need redistribution for the welfare and the stabilization of the people, the mass of the people, as well as for a mass market, which has been diminishing in the United States. And Clinton to his credit has said some things about that. But the numbers he said is 20 billion in public investment, would be about one fifth of what they spend on public investment in United Kingdom, one 15th of what they spend in flea market Japan. So it's quite extraordinarily small. Clinton to me sounds like FDR in 1932, coming in after the wreckage of Hoover and saying we gotta balance the budget, which he tried to do right through 1936. Fortunately, there was some social movements. And the situation was so disastrous that FDR was forced to do things more dramatic than that. Although in the end, of course, it still took World War II to get us out of the Great Depression. So Clinton's strategies are in the right direction, but they're not enough. And in some ways they're in the wrong direction. His policy on labor is appallingly bad. What's the lesson to go away with? That we need, obviously a new direction at the top. But beyond that, we need a new commitment as a people to intelligent and humane management of our economy. And without that kind of mastery of this powerful system that's essentially out of our control right now, and scrambling our lives as well as the map of the world. Without some kind of control of that understanding and command and directional control of that system, our lives will be fundamentally out of control. So I'll leave you on that thought. So I'll be happy to take questions if you can bear with me any longer. But we'll let those who can't go first. Okay, any questions? Yes ma'am.\r\n\r\n- You were talking about, you mentioned geographic is a decisive twice the time, you mentioned also, when you were talking about management and yeah, it must be a very global entities and global businesses. And you also start talking about new technology and it seems to me it's just this ordinary consumer that with all this new technology. Every time we develop new technology there's a removal on the part of consumer from where these products are from. There's a removal of consumer from the idea that there's great, everything's from Chile and there's probably getting this from Africa and with each stage of removal of part of consumer.\r\n\r\n- Yeah.\r\n\r\n- That this sort of new notion of this humane idea of technology, this humane idea of production is harder on the part of consumer 'cause they're as removed from the processes that are involved. I mean you don't even have to go to the store anymore to buy your clothing, you may now order it and you have no idea where that is coming from.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, yeah. I'd say I'm getting increasingly removed by audience too, but anyway. First part of the question, Some of these systems are remarkably localized. So as I said with Venet and it really all goes back to the Veneto region. And they don't have a globalized system except at the retail end.\r\n\r\n- The marketing end.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, the marketing end, that's right. They're also these systems that become global, not only in one company, but spread to other companies as a good example of how to do things. Often have very specific origins in certain kinds of areas with a certain technological tradition, a certain social tradition. Something like the flexible production of third Italy is strongly based on the small towns with a strong agricultural hinterland, with a strong kind of small business, small enterprise. Tradition goes back centuries in many cases, but certainly back to being in this century. And very powerful political organization buy the small owners, often under the Communist Party ironically enough of Italy. And then it kind of spreads from there. But often, it doesn't spread that easily, because the social relations have to go with it. And so people try to say, hey, we'll be the next Silicon Valley out in Iowa. But you know Silicon Valley it's very weird social relations. Very strange. There is this whole culture of the computer nerds sort of to put it grossly where there's kind of free thinking, no tie kinda culture. And it's very different than 128 which is one of the reasons why they beat out 128. Now the second part of your question is about the distant between the producer and the consumer? Yes, I don't know there's any going back. There are ways that you can certainly try to develop local production, I'm gonna use things like organic produce which relocalizes a lot of production. Now that may get more globalized as time goes on too. I think we're talking about a process in human development there that is probably irreversible. It may be triggered by capitalism, but I can't associate it uniquely with capitalism and say in the great future, we will get rid of the division of labor, we'll get rid of the global division of labor, and everybody will know exactly where their food's grown and their clothes are made. I don't believe that's gonna happen. I think they've got to be other strategies of education and control to make that possible. Just like we don't live just in city state anymore, we live in very large nations. And there have to methods of making those democratic, which are sometimes rather poor at, I might add. So it's a very serious human problem, but I'm not sure if when you can undo. Sir.\r\n\r\n- From a geographic perspective, how much of a factor is transportation and transportation cost adding friction to the world.\r\n\r\n- Yeah. Well, there's no question that lowering of transport costs and improvements in communications have vastly increase the ability to go abroad to globalize these systems. Just there's no question about it. But there's a whole number of other conditions to go along with that. Improved organizational structures from the corporation to marketing networks that make possible something like a global oil market, you've got to have tremendous number oil wholesalers, commodity dealers in London to make that happen. And that's not just a communication problem that's an organizational problem. Also, if you're gonna go into Mexico or in the Southeast Asia to produce globally, it takes an advance of the level of labor, skill, labor discipline, political control, and so on to make that possible which is a social question, not a technical one.\r\n\r\n- So you are suggesting that transportation cost are normal part of this as organizational cost?\r\n\r\n- Yeah, I would say transport cost it's important. I can point out certain instances where it's decisive, like where you can allocate an oil terminal. But in a lot of cases, it's not very decisive anymore, it's a kind of back cloth. So in the work I've done in economic geography has been very strongly to kind of overturn the older view that made it all transport determined that just doesn't work, it doesn't explain much anymore. Yes sir.\r\n\r\n- What is the educational institute is doing to advance the kind of establishment to try and...\r\n\r\n- To try and deal with the problems? Well, I didn't know, I mean the strategies I see are sometimes exactly the wrong one. It's kind of, let's plunder our universities for new technologies. Here we have these magnificent, we've created from quite magnificent institutions of higher learning and the spread of knowledge and research. And what happens in some of these areas like Biotech at University of California, no one will talk to anybody anymore, and half of them aren't there anymore 'cause they've gone into private business. Now, what is that do to development of knowledge in the university? I think it's pretty adverse effects. So one way of looking this it's cynical view is saying, well, we don't know how to produce things, we know we've got this really good universities, let's plunder them for a while and get some great ideas out of them. And maybe I'll give us some high tech companies here and there. Maybe that's too cynical. Obviously, universities can and have to adapt to sort of to work, I think in new areas of technology and organization, I don't have any problem with universities being connected to biotechnology. I mean, there are moral and political questions in biotechnology, but I don't think that is inherently bad that universities might be working in that area. The danger is that what's immediately commercializable certain kinds of manipulations of genes or manipulations of lipids and so on is actually a very limited view of cell process. And in sometimes, the tap turns off for research, it's a little more speculative in general about cell processes, it may have a big payoff later on. It's always a danger of the short term, kind of mentality. Yes sir.\r\n\r\n- [Inaudible 00.32.14] Could you comment a little further on the importance of some of the new technologies as motivating, implementing, permitting these new organizational forms to occur. I'm thinking communication.\r\n\r\n- Right. Well, yeah, there is an argument. There are people who'd say that it's basically computers and information technologies that are central to these organizational forms. And obviously, who is to minimize the computer revolution? And I go back and forth on this sometimes. But it is clear to me that there are organizational technologies themselves, organizational forms, like the Just-in-Time system or like certain forms of work teams, ADHOC work teams for problem solving, that are no way reducible to computer technologies. So, I think we've got two things going on here that are often highly overlapped, but highly complimentary.\r\n\r\n- So you just begin.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, yeah, and I think you'll find over in management schools and so on, they're talking about techniques of planning and brainstorming and matrix organization and things like that, that are in no way sort of simply computer technologies. But obviously, people are still interested in how do you manage information? How do you manage knowledge? For management, for organization and computers come right into the center of that. But, it's like the debate over AI in a way. How do you use computer for knowledge management? And expert systems on based on a very simple model of the mind and knowledge, they're great for certain things like fixing a machine, or oil drilling. But, there's a very substantial body of work in cognitive sciences that says, whoa, that is really a trivial view of the use of computers to imitate higher mental faculties. And so in the future we'll think that that was pretty good stuff. Yeah.\r\n\r\n- You mentioned at the beginning that profit has been declining in manufacturing generally and there's a lot of capital quashing around.\r\n\r\n- Right.\r\n\r\n- And even though capital has increased potentially, this is inclusivity of why the capital manufacture is greater than the productive outlet, and you said you might expand on that I think, I can hear that. And related to that, if there is much more capital than there used to be then they should be changing opportunities for manufacturing in this country and be willing to take moderated profit that's been provisioned, what does that mean?\r\n\r\n- Okay, first question about why study these excess capital, is that what you're asking really? Well, two reasons. One, if we look at it without the financial system, it's just a question of... It's not a question of absolutely too much capital, it's always relative to it's outlets. There's a buildup of, you make profit, you have new investable surplus to reinvest. And you continue reinvesting it as long as there's something to invest in. But if you can't find an outlet to invest in, if that outlet doesn't produce the profits that you hoped it would, if you can't switch your capital out of old fixed investment to new quick enough, then those fixed investments will be sub profitable. So there's a number ways in which you can get trapped in self profitable investments, or you can invest in stuff that just doesn't pay off. So there's a kind of importance here of the rate of change of development of technology of new products, of new products of higher productivity. And that rate has to keep up with the rate of the development of surplus, investable surplus, that the switching problem between old capital and new capital is a difficult one. And there's a constant problem of writing off old capital fast enough and if you can't do that, so it's a rigidity question, an adjustment question in a sense. And there's also of course, other people are building up in investing too and so have see this as a whole set of centers of accumulation that are racing with each other, glutting markets, glutting investment outlet. That to my mind, is the foundation of it. Now in addition, there's a financial system which creates fictitious capital. You borrow from the future to invest, we do that all the time. And that, it's much easier in a way to see that that can out run your potential for the production of profits. And in the 80s, it's pretty obvious that's what happened. You just massive amount of debt that it really couldn't amortize. It was taken out, the debt was taken out on the belief that junk bonds really were good investments say, and they really weren't. So that paper has to be written off. So paper has to be written off, fixed industrial plan has to be written off and so on. Now, actually there was a second part of the question.\r\n\r\n- If it holds capital, why not go into manufacturing.\r\n\r\n- Yeah, why didn't it go into manufacturing? Yeah, that's tricky. And I think that that partly depends... Partly I think the analysis would say that money that had gone into the financial system discovered non productive outlets, nonetheless, in the short term produced a lot of profit. And so it ended up just sort of circulating those domains, and reaping rapid profit, which in the long run would not pay off for the whole system, but in the short run is extremely profitable for the people in that domain. So that's been part of the issue. And another part of the issue I think is something that goes back to a more Keynesian institutional view of the sort of culture of investment. And if you don't see the opportunities or you're not willing to take those risks anymore, long term risks in manufacturing, I guess I don't wanna do that. I don't wanna get in that domain. I think that has happened too. Anymore questions? Okay, we'll pull the plug, thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/42949/file/115591#t=0.0,2317.296"}]}]}]}