{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hx15m62x97/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Terrill, Ross, U.S.-China Relations in Perspective"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/004/original/ISULogo.png?1601681107","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Preferred Citation"]},"value":{"en":["U.S. China Relations in Perspective. Iowa State University Lecture Series (RS 8/6/53). Special Collections and University Archives, Iowa State University Library, Ames, Iowa."]}},{"label":{"en":["Publisher"]},"value":{"en":["Iowa State University. Special Collections and University Archives"]}},{"label":{"en":["Rights Statement"]},"value":{"en":["There are no restrictions on access. (access)","This item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. 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Terrill,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=14.99,18.85"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that you try to avoid simply giving a dry recitation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=18.85,23.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of all of his credentials and books that he's written","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=23.38,27.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and articles and other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=27.24,30.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And yet on the other hand, people who come 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that","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=40.35,42.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then I was handed a three-page list","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=42.76,45.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of things I mentioned.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=45.19,47.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, so I thought I'd just briefly go down","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=47.09,50.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and then list some of the things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=50.5,52.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that you might wanna know about him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=52.64,54.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Professor Terrill is an associate professor","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=55.54,59.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of government at Harvard University.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=59.84,62.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he's written a whole lot of books,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=62.24,64.62"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and he's edited some other books too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=64.62,66.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"He's got three books that he's written","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=66.23,68.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and got three books that he's edited and contributed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=68.13,71.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to in this way, and most of them are about China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=71.84,74.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"so, we'll go to that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=74.37,75.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he's published a lot of articles and academic 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magazines,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=82.73,86.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that's where I come in, that's--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=86.86,88.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And things like Atlantic Monthly and The New Republic,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=88.98,91.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a lot of other things.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=91.49,93.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And, there's just a lot and if I have to start listing them","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=93.07,95.54"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and reading them, it would get,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=95.54,97.51"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as interesting and fascinating as its subjects","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=97.51,99.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are and everything,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=99.8,100.633"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"it would just be a really long list, the whole page.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=100.633,103.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I've mentioned, he's held a number","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=103.91,108.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of very distinguished appointments.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=108.34,111.77"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think I'll just mention","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=111.77,113.7"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that he's an associate 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list.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=116.67,118.87"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And he also is a graduate of Harvard University","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=118.87,122.31"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and received his PhD degree there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=122.31,124.043"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I was really impressed when I saw the,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=125.56,127.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"all of these things and but one might think 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he--","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=230.09,234.92"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he tells me that when he finishes his address,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=234.92,238.69"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"he welcomes any questions and 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books,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=249.99,252.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which he'll be happy to autograph.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=252.21,253.91"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So, without taking any more 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David.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=267.59,269.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And let me say that I'm very happy","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=269.48,274.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to be here in Ames tonight,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=274.33,277.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and I think this topic is an important one for all of us.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=277.03,282.03"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'll try to throw some light on 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worry,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=506.67,511.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"who remarked that America will lift Shanghai up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=512.04,517.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ever up until God willing, it's just like Kansas 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shattered","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=562.87,566.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"by the Vietnam War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=568.04,569.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I think it's fair to say that 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innocence","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=579.37,584.37"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about American foreign policy in East Asia after Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=584.39,589.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Was it really very different after all from the 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borders","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=619.0,623.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as they were before Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=623.8,626.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the height of that 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China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=635.64,640.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Japan, to Thailand and on the islands,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=642.21,647.21"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nations in 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internationally","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=676.72,680.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it was 15 years ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=680.5,683.467"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, after certain convulsions 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China,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=713.85,716.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the fact that they have been superseded by events","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=716.64,721.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a big reason why 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other","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=728.97,733.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in a businesslike way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=733.0,734.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's to say if these three starting 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1972,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=743.95,748.82"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"led by Nixon and Kissinger would not have taken place.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=748.82,753.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That leads me to what are the starting 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Marxism","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1907.52,1912.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/429","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"has transformed the Chinese mind.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1913.51,1916.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/430","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's very recent that the Chinese have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1916.88,1919.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/431","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had the sense of the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1921.84,1923.88"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/432","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"But they do have it today","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1923.88,1927.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/433","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and yet they are not missionary minded about the world.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1927.84,1932.217"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/434","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They are not panting to convert the world","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1934.47,1938.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/435","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Chinese way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1938.15,1939.673"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/436","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One should add one more point about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1941.43,1944.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/437","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I said, will or capacity.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1944.04,1947.343"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/438","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They don't have the will but of course,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1948.73,1951.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/439","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"they don't really have the capacity yet","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1951.11,1953.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/440","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and, no one can say,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1953.65,1956.653"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/441","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"what the situation will be in 20 or 30 years from now.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1958.01,1961.593"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/442","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Certainly the Chinese are doing things","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1964.8,1967.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/443","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that they've never done in their history before","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1967.08,1969.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/444","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"like develop a powerful Navy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1969.14,1971.143"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/445","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"One of the untold stories","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1972.01,1974.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/446","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the last few years has been the immense strides","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1974.3,1977.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/447","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that the Chinese Navy has made.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1977.96,1980.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/448","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Everyone knows that China has a formidable army,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1980.83,1985.12"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/449","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"but the coming of the Navy is a newer thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1985.12,1989.253"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/450","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So these things became clear","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1992.73,1996.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/451","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in China-American relations after Mr. Nixon's trip.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=1996.01,2000.703"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29653/annotation/452","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/653/original/AV167962_Rostrum_a.vtt?1624892478","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/653/original/AV167962_Rostrum_a.vtt?1624892478"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29654","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167962_Rostrum_a.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381/transcript/29654/annotation/453","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- One of the difficulties in introducing a speaker, especially a speaker such as Professor Ross Terrill, is that you try to avoid simply giving a dry recitation of all of his credentials and books that he's written and articles and other things. And yet on the other hand, people who come out to hear him speak have a right to know something about who they're listening to. And so I decided that, since I was going to introduce him, I'd try and avoid that and then I was handed a three-page list of things I mentioned. And, so I thought I'd just briefly go down and then list some of the things that you might wanna know about him. Professor Terrill is an associate professor of government at Harvard University. And he's written a whole lot of books, and he's edited some other books too. He's got three books that he's written and got three books that he's edited and contributed to in this way, and most of them are about China so, we'll go to that. And he's published a lot of articles and academic journals. And we all know about that, and he's also published articles in general journals and I take that to mean magazines, that's where I come in, that's-- And things like Atlantic Monthly and The New Republic, and a lot of other things. And, there's just a lot and if I have to start listing them and reading them, it would get, as interesting and fascinating as its subjects are and everything, it would just be a really long list, the whole page. And I've mentioned, he's held a number of very distinguished appointments. And I think I'll just mention that he's an associate professor of government at Harvard University, rather than reading down a list. And he also is a graduate of Harvard University and received his PhD degree there. I was really impressed when I saw the, all of these things and but one might think that, well, maybe this gives you the picture that if we have an ivory tower intellectual who writes a lot of books, but hasn't really done a lot and to me, that would mean, wouldn't really know much but I found that, that's not true at all. And that Professor Terrill has visited China a number of times over a really long period of time. We've spoken to people who've been to China, he's been to China on four different occasions as early as 1964. And his most recent visit was in 1975. I imagine that he has seen children put on cultural performances in daycare centers in Peking, as all of the people who've gone to China from Ames have, but he's done some other things there, too. He's had an opportunity to meet with top Chinese leaders, including the late Zhou Enlai. He recently has been asked to testify. It was just this week, wasn't it? Before Congress regarding normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China and the United States, and has... And United States relations with Taiwan, which is involved in that. Tonight, he'll be speaking on US-China relations in perspective and as, when he-- he tells me that when he finishes his address, he welcomes any questions and comments that anybody may have, and looks forward to a lively discussion. In addition to that, we have copies which are available of several of his books, which he'll be happy to autograph. So, without taking any more time, I'm gonna turn the floor over to Professor Ross Terrill.\r\n\r\n- Thank you, David. And let me say that I'm very happy to be here in Ames tonight, and I think this topic is an important one for all of us. I'll try to throw some light on it and, I welcome some discussion. After I've made an analysis of the subject as I see it, it might be useful to go back a bit into history and look at the encounter of these two countries. And I would say, there are some key mental starting points on the two sides. On the American side, three starting points in approaching China. One was that, for the Americans in the 19th century, there was the assumption that America was innocent of the stains of colonialism that the Europeans had upon them in their venture into Asia. There was a sense of innocence, that America was a democratic nation by its birth. And in Asia, America stood for certain values that no other Western power could stand for. Not the British, not the French, not the Dutch, and so on. Then there was a sense of mission about the American presence on the China Coast. That, Christianity and democracy, and the rule of law, these were ideas that America could and should take to the Asian people. And a good part of America's early knowledge of China and early impression of China was, in fact formed through missionary activity. The direction of expectation in the American mind was a one-way direction that's to say it was thought that we Westerners had something to bring. We didn't-- Speaking of we, in the sense of the Western presence, we didn't think that China had anything to contribute other than to receive what we were bringing. That's what was meant by a sense of mission. And then I think a third mental starting point on the American side is the kind of Prometheanism, the feeling that things could be reshaped out there. by an American presence. There was a senator from this part of the country not quite this part, but a little bit to the south who remarked send out to worry, who remarked that America will lift Shanghai up ever up until God willing, it's just like Kansas City. And that expresses the sense of mission and the prometheanism and maybe a touch of innocence as well . And then, in a different bane, General Wheeler said that the far east has become our far west. Now, the point about these three mental starting points is that they have all been somewhat shattered by the Vietnam War. I think it's fair to say that Americans have all points of view, don't feel the same sense of innocence about American foreign policy in East Asia after Vietnam. Was it really very different after all from the French? Where was the special character to the American performance that distinguished it from what the Europeans had done? The sense of mission also, it's simply a fact that the American people are not as interested in supporting the projection of American military power, far from US borders as they were before Vietnam. At the height of that war, they were about one million American troops under arms stationed in an arc around the doorstep of China from Japan, to Thailand and on the islands, and nations in between. There's about a quarter of that number today the sense of mission has sagged a bit and the Promethean spirit too. We're not quite as sure as we used to that the Marines can remake the world by landing wherever. The dollar is not quite as powerful internationally as it was 15 years ago. And indeed, after certain convulsions here summed up maybe by Watergate, we are not quite sure that our way of doing politics is necessarily the only way and the way that has to be introduced to other peoples. Now, I mentioned these three starting points in America's historical approach to China, because the fact that they have been superseded by events is a big reason why America and the People's Republic of China are now starting to deal with each other in a businesslike way. That's to say if these three starting points had not been superseded, the opening to China in 1972, led by Nixon and Kissinger would not have taken place. That leads me to what are the starting points on the Chinese side for this relationship? I would say there are four starting points and in the Chinese case, I think that they are more continuous, past and still today. And when I say the Chinese case, I mean, the Chinese Communist Party and the leadership of the PRC. I think one starting point, which is a little bit similar in the Chinese case, to the American case, is that Mao and his colleagues, believed as Chinese have often believed in the centrality of China. To some extent, and here I speak may be a bit as an Australian-born resident in America, rather than as an American. To some extent, it parallels the sense of America's own centrality. Both countries are vast continents. Both countries produce all that they need. In the sense that neither country has to go outside for the basics. They could do without much international trade. Both, if we take the whole span of history, have been remarkably free from outside unwelcome intrusions. And until Marxism, China had taken, borrowed very little from abroad, Buddhism, that's about it. But the Middle Kingdom assumption of the communists is not the same as old China in many ways, it's different I won't dwell on them now. But what was the same was that he took it for granted that China was important to America. He considered that China was the key to Asia's future. And now did adopt, for the most part, a come to us kind of attitude to all foreign countries except the Soviet Union. And its effect that in his 82 years, he only left China twice, both times to go to Russia, no other country had he ever seen. So the Chinese do think that America should take notice of them. Secondly, the Chinese have a sense of humiliation that what happened from the Opium War for just about a century in their relation with the white man from the west. Here was a civilization immensely accomplished. Which the first European travelers to China before the Industrial Revolution, recognized to be the richest country in the world. That was Marco Polo's view, for instance, in the 13th century. And yet a country which was brought low in the 19th century, because it didn't have the material means to repel traders, consoles and missionaries, who wanted to work their purposes on the ports of the China coast. When the British who were leading the pack first arrived, the Chinese Emperor said he didn't need what they had to offer. The Emperor Chien-lung said to Lord Macartney, \"The celestial kingdom has no need of the product of outside Barbarians.\" Especially since the British brought things like knives and forks, and pictures of Jesus and other things that weren't particularly designed for the Chinese culture. But, China was not able to resist this intrusion. And, the Westerners banged on the door and gained entry and gained control, as many of you will know of the treaty ports on the China coast. And China lost control of its affairs. And if there's a single key to the outlook of the leaders in Peking today, it's that they value their newfound independence because they have known what it was like to be dependent on foreign control. In 1971, when I visited Jaron Lai, he spoke to his Australian visitors about the relation between Australia and America. And he said, \"You, Australian should be very careful about your alliance with United States.\" He said, \"We Chinese had an alliance with the Russians, actually signed the treaty the same year as you did, in 1950.\" And, we said that, there wasn't much parallel there because the Americans had not treated Australia the way the Russians had treated the Chinese but Jaron Lai objected to this. And he said, \"They are both the same, the Russians and the Americans in that they want to control other people and, socialist China will not be controlled.\" He got very worked up about this. And I think it's a value that is held from the top to the bottom in China, that China will not be controlled. That the sense of humiliation from that century of Western assault is the most important mental starting point right up till now, for China's view of America as for China's view of much of the world. A third starting point for the Chinese is a very different one, the aspiration to modernize. Now, a lot is made of Mao's peasant origins and the austerity and the simplicity of that revolutionary group. Rifles and millet now summed up their way of life during the Anti-Japanese War because they didn't have much else but rifles and millet. But in my view, they have never romanticized backwardness. And they have stated, quite frankly, among themselves and in print, that their aim is to make a modern and powerful China. Many things they've done have been rationalizations of backwardness, brilliant, utilization of backwardness in order to create a new kind of power. The Long March itself began in catastrophe, and was the activity of a tiny and defeated remnant. But it became the springboard for a resurgence in the war against Japan, going to Yunnan was not exactly a preferred course of action and yet, it turned out to be the cradle of the social experimentation, which is now the norm for policy in the PRC. They turn their weakness into strength but they are aiming to put weakness behind them entirely. Now, this really means that China under the communists has chosen a path of development, which is leading it nearer, to the levels and to the social experience of the west including the United States, which is the leading example of an industrial power. And the Chinese that I know, are quite steady and realistic in their acceptance of the view that in looking at America, they see some aspects, technical and economic aspects of the future they have to have for themselves. So, this is a very complicating factor when you put it alongside the sense of humiliation because it was the West that humiliated China, and yet it is the West that is the advance force of industrial modernization in the world and China is treading that path. There is undoubtedly a fascination with America on the part of the leading cadre of specialists and the political class in China today. The fourth mental starting point for the Chinese in looking at America is Marxism, which is composed of a class analysis, plus a view of how history moves from one stage to the next. The Chinese communists have always believed that imperialism, would fall from its internal contradictions. This is one of the laws of history in which they believe. And Mao was very prescient in forecasting the outcome of the Vietnam War years ago before the outcome was at all clear to us. He said, \"They've picked up a stone to throw at the Vietnamese people, but it will drop on their own feet.\" And through all the zigs and zags of Peking's foreign Policy these days, I think it's still steadily true that they do believe that imperialism is doomed. And they do have an underlying optimism that the third world nations will rise. And, that the things that are becoming and emerging are really more powerful than the things that are established, and that are ruling. The Vietnam War seemed to the Chinese as to many others to mark the end of a quarter century, in which America was expanding militarily in the far east. In that period of expansion, China felt threatened by the United States. And indeed, on three occasions, the US government did discuss the use of nuclear weapons against the Chinese, once during the Korean War, and once in the Taiwan Straits Crisis and once over Vietnam. The point of the Nixon-Jaron Lai understanding was that the Chinese had decided that American expansionism was at an end, that the turning point had been reached, that the US would contract in the future not expand in East Asia, and that America, having struck trouble in Vietnam would not give China any trouble in the future. And that's their basic view and that's why they will do business with the United States and want to have a closer relationship with The United States. Their aim in other words, in that quarter century, since World War II was essentially a negative aim, they wanted the US power to be pushed back from that arc around their doorstep. And really, that's what the Nixon-Kissinger years in US foreign policy did. The reasons for doing it, we can leave to one side, but that's what they did. The Chinese appreciated that, and that opened the door to the understanding from 1972 onwards. We can sum up what was the significance of that 1972 breakthrough and Nixon's visit to Peking, it meant that the danger of America-China war was eliminated. In that respect, the 1970s have been totally different from the 1960s. Secondly, the luxury that the Russians enjoyed of seeing their two main adversaries, out of touch with each other was brought to an end. Thirdly, the international position of the nationalists in Taiwan began to crumble after 1972. And the nationalists have lost the recognition of some 50 or 60 nations since that time. That's not to say that the internal situation has crumbled, I said only the international situation of the nationalists. Fourthly, most of America's allies headed by Japan were prompted to affect their own normalization of relations with Peking. And finally, since that Nixon trip, trade, cultural exchanges and visits by ordinary people have began again between China and the United States. In a more general way, public opinion here has accepted what might have been accepted earlier that the conflict of interest between America and China is not great. Apart from the Taiwan problem, these two nations do not have much in the way of conflict of interest. Nothing compared with a conflict of interest that the US has with the Soviet Union or, with that the Chinese have with the Soviet Union if only by virtue of there being a 4300 mile border between the two. We have accepted that the world of two blocks, communist and democratic capitalist has given way to something far more complicated. We should have accepted that before 1972 that at least it has been done now. We've accepted by large that China doesn't have the will, or the capacity to indulge in far-flung military conquests. The Chinese are really very preoccupied with the development of their own country. It's true that they have a new interest in the whole world. It is new, because never in Chinese history were the Chinese really interested in the whole world, but they have become so and in that sense, the universalism of Marxism has transformed the Chinese mind. It's very recent that the Chinese have had the sense of the world. But they do have it today and yet they are not missionary minded about the world. They are not panting to convert the world to the Chinese way. One should add one more point about that. And I said, will or capacity. They don't have the will but of course, they don't really have the capacity yet and, no one can say, what the situation will be in 20 or 30 years from now. Certainly the Chinese are doing things that they've never done in their history before like develop a powerful Navy. One of the untold stories of the last few years has been the immense strides that the Chinese Navy has made. Everyone knows that China has a formidable army, but the coming of the Navy is a newer thing. So these things became clear in China-American relations after Mr. Nixon's trip.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118381#t=0.0,2007.53633"}]}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - 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[Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e -:\u003c/strong\u003e However, as we all know, there hasn't been","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=6.84,10.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as much progress in the past three or four years","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=10.47,13.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as there was in the few years after 1972.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=13.9,17.793"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there are really three reasons for 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Asia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=863.87,866.883"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which escalated from civil wars","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=867.85,871.59"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to something much larger, in large part","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=871.59,876.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because the PRC and the United States were hostile","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=876.06,879.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to each other, Korea and Vietnam.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=879.6,883.073"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And after giving the nationalists nearly three decades","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=885.33,890.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in which to make good their daily reiterated pledge","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=890.36,894.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take the mainland, I can't see that it would be hasty","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=894.68,899.14"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to recognize the PRC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=900.17,903.333"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's said that the US should keep its commitments","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=905.5,909.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Taipei.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=909.2,911.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well, the Shanghai Communiqué is a commitment too","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=914.42,918.5"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a commitment that I think made more 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nature","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=933.11,936.1"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the commitment to Taipei?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=936.1,939.853"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is a treaty with the Republic of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=941.99,944.613"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It is not a commitment to the people in Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=947.59,952.133"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States was not interested in Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=953.76,958.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"until Chiang Kai-shek, having lost his foothold","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=959.05,963.86"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on the mainland, carried the last phase","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=963.86,967.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Chinese Civil War to Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=967.52,970.993"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's when the Republic of 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bloodshed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=981.1,984.6"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it happened.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=985.93,986.803"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the US made a treaty with a party","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=988.24,993.107"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Chinese Civil War, which happened","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=994.21,996.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to take up residence on Taiwan,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=997.62,1000.94"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"because there was nowhere else","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1000.94,1002.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for it to take up residence.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1002.44,1004.27"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's the historical background to the commitment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1004.27,1008.373"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's got nothing to do with","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1009.47,1011.48"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"whether Taiwanese societies should proceed","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1013.98,1018.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as it's proceeding today or in the social system","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1019.41,1022.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that it has today.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1022.67,1024.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It had to do with the Chinese Civil War.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1025.37,1028.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And indeed, until the Chinese Civil War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1028.65,1033.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"arrived on Taiwan, the United States","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1037.21,1039.9"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"had a clear cut commitment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1039.9,1043.11"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to accept PRC sovereignty over Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1045.47,1048.743"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Let me read what president Truman said","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1050.9,1053.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on January the fifth 1950,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1053.46,1055.563"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"When Formosa was made a province of China\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1056.677,1059.493"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"I'm sorry the Secretary of State, Mr. Acheson","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1063.84,1068.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on January five 1950, \"When Formosa was made a province","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1068.84,1072.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of China, nobody raised any lawyers doubts about that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1072.39,1076.47"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That was regarded as in accordance with the commitments,\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1076.47,1079.917"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"meaning Potsdam and Cairo conferences.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1081.21,1084.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The United States is not going to quibble","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1084.777,1087.01"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"about the integrity of the position,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1087.01,1088.68"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that is where we stand.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1088.68,1090.42"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"On the same day President Truman said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1090.42,1094.177"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\"The US has no designs on Formosa","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1094.177,1097.33"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or on any other Chinese territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1097.33,1100.623"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The US has no desire to obtain special rights","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1101.95,1105.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"or privileges, or to establish military bases on Formosa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1105.23,1109.713"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States will not provide military aid","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1111.59,1114.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and advice to the Chinese forces on Formosa.\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1114.81,1118.577"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Well commitments change.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1122.1,1124.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's one lesson of those remarkable words","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1124.32,1128.23"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of Acheson and Truman, but another","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1128.23,1130.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is that the Taiwan question itself meant nothing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1130.95,1135.95"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to Washington until the Korean War broke out","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1136.52,1141.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the island of Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1144.1,1148.13"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"was considered strategically desirable","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1148.13,1150.83"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for a larger American purpose in that region of 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superseded.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1158.43,1163.07"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"They do not regard the island of Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1163.07,1166.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"as basic to their purposes and the American military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1166.43,1169.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are not by and large as resistant to normalization","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1169.29,1174.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of relations as the congress at the moment.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1174.31,1176.773"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"So the commitment to Taipei is a commitment","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1181.34,1186.34"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to the Republic of China which is a ideal from the past,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1189.04,1193.823"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"which failed to carry the Chinese people with it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1194.81,1198.763"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It's a commitment to a government that is not the 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Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1209.59,1213.84"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and nor should we abandon Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1213.84,1216.943"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Taiwan is not ours to abandon any more","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1222.47,1227.32"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"than China was ours to lose,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1228.39,1233.39"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in the 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people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1248.497,1253.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In this respect the Shanghai Communiqué","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1255.34,1258.2"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"is a good formulation of the 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China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1276.58,1278.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And the United States does not challenge that point of view.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1279.53,1284.013"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, the United States does not 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Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1295.08,1300.08"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The United States has to take a position","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1302.93,1305.43"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on which government is the government of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1305.43,1308.363"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That's what recognition involves.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1310.93,1314.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"It does however, have to take up a policy 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Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1333.89,1338.0"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"can continue in non-governmental ways after normalization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1338.0,1342.643"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"That there can be trade,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1345.4,1347.223"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"that there can be cultural relations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1349.52,1352.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And that the probability is that 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PRC,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1362.83,1365.45"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for quite a long time to come.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1365.45,1368.033"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Whether it does or not 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itself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1378.15,1383.15"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and on the PRC.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1387.09,1388.783"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"My own guess would be that 20 or 30 years from 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mainland","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1405.9,1409.8"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and that the American public will wonder why","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1410.76,1415.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"on earth the Taiwan question","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1416.79,1419.24"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"should have bedeviled US foreign","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1419.24,1423.46"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and domestic policy for 30 years.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1423.46,1426.003"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And certainly that the relation between China","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1427.3,1432.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and America will go on being extremely important,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1432.18,1437.18"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"long after the Chinese in Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1438.88,1443.38"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the Chinese in the mainland have found","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1443.38,1445.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"their own purely Chinese method of living with each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1445.52,1450.52"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, on the normalization issue,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1453.9,1457.263"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"where I stand, is that the US should meet the three points","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1458.57,1463.57"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the PRC about breaking relations with the ROC,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1464.69,1468.49"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"terminating the treaty and withdrawing the last military","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1470.16,1475.16"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"from Taiwan and thus accept that the Chinese Civil War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1478.3,1483.3"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"ended in a victory for Mao and defeat for Chiang.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1483.5,1486.777"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Secondly, that Americans should go on dealing with Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1488.1,1492.17"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in non-governmental ways, so long as it remains","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1492.17,1496.06"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"a separate entity from the mainland.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1496.06,1498.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"At the moment, no less than eight","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1501.35,1503.98"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the top 10 trading partners of Taiwan","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1503.98,1507.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"are governments which have full diplomatic relations","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1509.33,1512.61"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with Peking and none with Taiwan.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1512.61,1515.683"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And there's no reason to think American trade","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1516.97,1520.25"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will not continue after the de-recognition","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1520.25,1524.04"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"of the Republic of China.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1524.04,1525.29"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Thirdly, that the US would not do anything","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1527.18,1530.09"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"to foreclose what the future relation","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1530.09,1533.65"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"between Taiwan and the PRC will be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1533.65,1537.053"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/345","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Our policy should be to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1542.36,1544.64"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/346","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"with how the matter is resolved,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1545.642,1547.663"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/347","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"not with the goal that the Taiwanese","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1549.81,1554.81"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/348","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and the PRC may arrive at","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1556.96,1559.36"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/349","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"in their future relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1560.63,1562.76"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/350","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"In other words, it's in the US interest to see a peaceful","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1562.76,1566.67"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/351","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and a gradual solution to that relationship.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1566.67,1570.44"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/352","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"And I think the US should exercise its political","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1570.44,1573.96"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/353","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and diplomatic influence to see that the solution","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1573.96,1578.19"},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/354","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"will be peaceful and gradual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=1578.19,1581.883"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29655/annotation/355","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/655/original/AV167962_Rostrum_b.vtt?1624892482","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/029/655/original/AV167962_Rostrum_b.vtt?1624892482"}]},{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29656","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["AV167962_Rostrum_b.txt [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382/transcript/29656/annotation/356","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"- However, as we all know, there hasn't been as much progress in the past three or four years as there was in the few years after 1972. And there are really three reasons for this. One, is the way the Indochina question came into the picture. It came into the picture first because Chou En-lai said to Nixon in '72, \"There can be no understanding between us except on the basis of settlement of the Vietnamese War first.\" And one big reason why, Nixon did settle the Vietnamese War was his desire for a new policy toward China. And in that indirect sense at least, the Chinese did make a contribution to the end of that war. So for a while, the Chinese were lukewarm about the American link because they were worried about their relation to their friends in Hanoi and Phnom Penh and Nha Trang. And that of course went on until mid '75. In mid '75 however, the American side had a difficulty, because of Indochina. And that was that after the fall of Saigon, Phnom Penh and Nha Trang, there was a pronounced unwillingness in the United States congress to do anything that might add Taiwan to the list of countries that would suddenly have a Marxist government. And that has been a most important reason why since the summer of 1975, the United States government has been more timid on China policy than it was before the summer of 1975. An anecdote sums up the problem in the fall of '75 Henry Kissinger was at dinner with Mr. Habib who was the assistant secretary for Asia and with someone else, and when this someone else asked him, if the Taiwan issue might be settled during Preston Ford's trip at the end of that year, Kissinger made a sour reference to the fall six months before of Vietnam and Cambodia, which are in the portfolio of Mr. Habib as the assistant secretary for Asia, and he said, \"Habib has already lost two embassies this year, he's not going to lose a third\". The second problem in relations, these days, since '74, has been certain internal developments in the two countries. In the United States, the Watergate affair marks a watershed. It's not just that Peking thought very highly of Mr. Nixon, though they did, because they thought he was realistic on the one question in the world that interest them, and that's China. It's also that the Chinese was simply puzzled about the lessons of Watergate for the way the American system works. It's predictability and the question of how congress relates to the executive brand, in this respect they were like many other non-Americans in being a bit puzzled and even more important, they began to wonder whether the United States was going to be rather quickly eclipsed by the Soviet Union as the leading power in the world. And that fear, as many of you know all too well has been a preoccupying fear for China these past few years. Why it hasn't made them more keen for the link with America, that is a very complicated question. It has made them uncertain, about the future of their link with America. That's all I will say for the moment. In Peking meanwhile, there were domestic developments that threw a shadow over the link with America. To put it simply, there were military men and still are, who didn't find it all that easy to understand Chairman Mao's idea that America after it's set back in Vietnam had ceased to be China's main problem. And that Russia had become the successor to America or as Chou En-lai put it to me the John Foster Dulles' of the world now sit in Moscow. Now, as you know, military men are not always as quick to change their strategic conceptions as civilian leaders and I think China's no exception, and there have been grumblings in the Chinese army as to just how fruitful for China this link with America has proved because they want Taiwan. That's the main unfinished business in the liberation of the PRC. That's the item on the agenda leftover from the history of colonialists, and who is responsible for the fact that Taiwan and the PRC are separate? Say these generals, not the Soviet Union, but the United States. So there is that murmuring in the wings in China on the policy toward America. Secondly, there was murmuring in the wings from the Gang of Four. The Gang of Four were not mainly interested in foreign policy, I refer to the widow of Chairman Mao and the Shanghai politicians who were close to her, who were dismissed from office 12 months ago. They weren't mainly interested in foreign policy except that they had a skepticism about the impact on Chinese society, of too much dealing with foreigners particularly imperialists. So they weren't very keen on cultural exchanges and they threw some sand in the wheels at times. They weren't very keen on expanding Chinese trade too much. And some of their more simple hearted followers in Shanghai did a bit of sabotage now and then of exports so that some American businessmen and some Japanese were a bit puzzled to be importing shirts, with a few white buttons and a few green buttons, and rolls of silk cloth with ink spots. These were little, rather pathetic gestures by certain people to demonstrate that they weren't very keen on trading with the imperialists. So the Gang of Four did make some sniping at the tilt toward America practiced by Chairman Mao and Chou En-lai. That has come to an end. The point about the military I think, is the more serious one, and that has not come to an end. But the general issue is that as in this country, so in China, there did arise certain complexities in domestic politics that made the China-America relationship seem a little more problematic than it had in 1972 and in 1973, The third problem, is Taiwan. The chief obstacle to the full normalization of relations between China and the United States. Now in the Shanghai Communiqué of 1972, a certain line of solution to this problem was laid out and the United States has been slowly fulfilling its pledge at Shanghai to reduce and eventually eliminate the American military presence from Taiwan. At the same time, a number of steps have been taken that seem to cement the relation between the United States and Taiwan. In some military transfers, some political relations, opening up of new nationalist consulates in the United States, and a kind of change of heart in parts of the congress, in the direction of a pro-nationalist position. Meanwhile, the Peking government has started to hint, that it's not sure that a peaceful solution to the Taiwan problem is possible. To be sure it's hard to tell, even when you talk directly to them whether the Chinese leaders are making that as a serious forecast, or whether they are saying it only as a way of reiterating that it's their own decision and not a foreign decision, how the evolution of the relation between Taiwan and the PRC will go. At any rate, it has not helped American public opinion to hear of Peking talking about the probability of a non-peaceful solution. Moreover there are many in the congress, as I found out vividly when I testified there, who have convinced themselves that the Chinese are so obsessed by the Soviet Union, that nothing else, not even Taiwan matters, and that therefore there's no need for the United States to budge on the issue of Taiwan. The effect of that message that some congressmen have received or misunderstanding, if that's what it is, has also not been helpful to the task of normalization. So there have been many phantoms let loose against us taking any action. It's said we shouldn't be hasty. Well, I mean hasty after 29 years in accepting that the government of China is in Peking. After every major nation in the world, including all the West European allies of the United States and all the East European allies of the Soviet Union have accepted that the government in Peking is the government of China and have full relations with the government of China. After China's already become one of the part of the triangle of global strategic power, after two dreadful wars in Asia, which escalated from civil wars to something much larger, in large part because the PRC and the United States were hostile to each other, Korea and Vietnam. And after giving the nationalists nearly three decades in which to make good their daily reiterated pledge to take the mainland, I can't see that it would be hasty to recognize the PRC. It's said that the US should keep its commitments to Taipei. Well, the Shanghai Communiqué is a commitment too and a commitment that I think made more impact on public opinion than the 1954 treaty with Chiang Kai-shek, but more important what is the nature of the commitment to Taipei? It is a treaty with the Republic of China. It is not a commitment to the people in Taiwan. The United States was not interested in Taiwan until Chiang Kai-shek, having lost his foothold on the mainland, carried the last phase of the Chinese Civil War to Taiwan. That's when the Republic of China entered the island of Taiwan with a certain amount of friction and bloodshed as it happened. So the US made a treaty with a party to the Chinese Civil War, which happened to take up residence on Taiwan, because there was nowhere else for it to take up residence. That's the historical background to the commitment. It's got nothing to do with whether Taiwanese societies should proceed as it's proceeding today or in the social system that it has today. It had to do with the Chinese Civil War. And indeed, until the Chinese Civil War arrived on Taiwan, the United States had a clear cut commitment to accept PRC sovereignty over Taiwan. Let me read what president Truman said on January the fifth 1950, \"When Formosa was made a province of China\" I'm sorry the Secretary of State, Mr. Acheson on January five 1950, \"When Formosa was made a province of China, nobody raised any lawyers doubts about that. That was regarded as in accordance with the commitments,\" meaning Potsdam and Cairo conferences. \"The United States is not going to quibble about the integrity of the position, that is where we stand.\" On the same day President Truman said, \"The US has no designs on Formosa or on any other Chinese territory. The US has no desire to obtain special rights or privileges, or to establish military bases on Formosa. The United States will not provide military aid and advice to the Chinese forces on Formosa.\" Well commitments change. That's one lesson of those remarkable words of Acheson and Truman, but another is that the Taiwan question itself meant nothing to Washington until the Korean War broke out and the island of Taiwan was considered strategically desirable for a larger American purpose in that region of Asia. A purpose by the way, which Pentagon officers will frankly tell you today, is now superseded. They do not regard the island of Taiwan as basic to their purposes and the American military are not by and large as resistant to normalization of relations as the congress at the moment. So the commitment to Taipei is a commitment to the Republic of China which is a ideal from the past, which failed to carry the Chinese people with it. It's a commitment to a government that is not the government of the territory that it claims to be. Now it's said also that we shouldn't abandon Taiwan and nor should we abandon Taiwan. Taiwan is not ours to abandon any more than China was ours to lose, in the 1940s. To say that the Republic of China has been superseded as the government of China by the People's Republic of China, has got nothing to do with abandoning the Taiwan people. In this respect the Shanghai Communiqué is a good formulation of the problem. The United States said, in it's part of the Shanghai Communiqué, that both Chinese parties in Peking and Taipei, considered that there is one China and that Taiwan is part of China. And the United States does not challenge that point of view. In other words, the United States does not have to take a formal position on the question of the future of Taiwan. The United States has to take a position on which government is the government of China. That's what recognition involves. It does however, have to take up a policy position on what will be its actual conduct toward Taiwan. And there is every reason to think that the constructive relations that the American people have with people in Taiwan can continue in non-governmental ways after normalization. That there can be trade, that there can be cultural relations. And that the probability is that Taiwan will remain a separate entity for quite separate from the PRC, for quite a long time to come. Whether it does or not however, depends primarily not on American policy but on Taiwan and who it chooses to lead itself and on the PRC. My own guess would be that 20 or 30 years from now, Taiwan will still be essentially separate from the mainland, but it will not be hostile to the mainland. And it will have growing bonds to the mainland and that the American public will wonder why on earth the Taiwan question should have bedeviled US foreign and domestic policy for 30 years. And certainly that the relation between China and America will go on being extremely important, long after the Chinese in Taiwan and the Chinese in the mainland have found their own purely Chinese method of living with each other. In other words, on the normalization issue, where I stand, is that the US should meet the three points of the PRC about breaking relations with the ROC, terminating the treaty and withdrawing the last military from Taiwan and thus accept that the Chinese Civil War ended in a victory for Mao and defeat for Chiang. Secondly, that Americans should go on dealing with Taiwan in non-governmental ways, so long as it remains a separate entity from the mainland. At the moment, no less than eight of the top 10 trading partners of Taiwan are governments which have full diplomatic relations with Peking and none with Taiwan. And there's no reason to think American trade will not continue after the de-recognition of the Republic of China. Thirdly, that the US would not do anything to foreclose what the future relation between Taiwan and the PRC will be. Our policy should be to do with how the matter is resolved, not with the goal that the Taiwanese and the PRC may arrive at in their future relationship. In other words, it's in the US interest to see a peaceful and a gradual solution to that relationship. And I think the US should exercise its political and diplomatic influence to see that the solution will be peaceful and gradual.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://iastate.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1150/collection_resources/45425/file/118382#t=0.0,1588.50612"}]}]}]}